WO2016154772A1 - 9β,10α-孕甾-4,6-二烯-3,20-二酮的制备方法 - Google Patents

9β,10α-孕甾-4,6-二烯-3,20-二酮的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2016154772A1
WO2016154772A1 PCT/CN2015/000231 CN2015000231W WO2016154772A1 WO 2016154772 A1 WO2016154772 A1 WO 2016154772A1 CN 2015000231 W CN2015000231 W CN 2015000231W WO 2016154772 A1 WO2016154772 A1 WO 2016154772A1
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compound
pregnane
diene
dione
process according
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PCT/CN2015/000231
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董军国
吴志平
陈济谷
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台州市海盛制药有限公司
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Priority to CN201580003224.0A priority Critical patent/CN107531746B8/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2015/000231 priority patent/WO2016154772A1/zh
Publication of WO2016154772A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016154772A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07JSTEROIDS
    • C07J15/00Stereochemically pure steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen having a partially or totally inverted skeleton, e.g. retrosteroids, L-isomers
    • C07J15/005Retrosteroids (9 beta 10 alfa)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07JSTEROIDS
    • C07J21/00Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen having an oxygen-containing hetero ring spiro-condensed with the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton
    • C07J21/005Ketals
    • C07J21/006Ketals at position 3

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a preparation method of a steroid compound, in particular to a preparation method of 9 ⁇ ,10 ⁇ -pregnane-4,6-diene-3,20-dione.
  • dehydroprogesterone 9 ⁇ ,10 ⁇ -pregnane-4,6-diene-3,20-dione, also known as dehydroprogesterone (Dydrogesterone), dydrogesterone, melting point 169-170 ° C, white or light yellow crystalline powder at room temperature , insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, acetone, etc.
  • Dehydroprogesterone has obvious advantages and safety compared with other similar drugs. It is the drug of choice for the treatment of amenorrhea, endometriosis, prevention of functional bleeding and threatened abortion.
  • dehydroprogesterone is superior to other similar drugs and is an effective and oral active synthetic progestogen.
  • British patent GB929271 simplifies the above route, using krypton-4,7,22-trien-3-one as a raw material, which is dissolved in a solution of anhydrous isopropyl alcohol saturated with HCl gas which has been previously dried. Isomerization to fluorene-4,6,22-trien-3-one, after ozonation, dehydration with piperidine under p-toluenesulfonic acid to form an enamine, and finally oxidized in an acidic solution of sodium dichromate Hydroprogesterone (shown below). Because this route still has short routes, low yield per step, difficult to obtain starting materials, and the like, the total yield is also very low, and basically has no possibility of industrial production.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,1987,92 discloses the use of transprogesterone as a starting material, tetrachlorophenylhydrazine as an oxidizing agent, and refluxing in t-butanol under nitrogen to produce dehydroprogesterone (shown below).
  • the raw progesterone used in this method does not exist in the natural product and needs to be obtained by synthesis, and the synthesis is currently difficult, and there is no industrial product.
  • this route also uses a large amount of benzene for column chromatography, which is subject to certain restrictions.
  • the yield of this route is also very low, only about 20% yield. For several reasons, this route is not suitable for industrial production.
  • Belgian patent BE656770 reports a kind of 9 ⁇ ,10 ⁇ -pregnane-5,7-diene-3,20-dione diethylenediacetal (compound A) as raw material, using dichloromethane as solvent, adding at low temperature
  • the saturated anhydrous ethanol hydrogen chloride solution is subjected to deprotection rearrangement, and after the reaction is completed, it is added to ice water, extracted with dichloromethane, and concentrated and purified to obtain 9 ⁇ , 10 ⁇ -pregnane-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (compound) C), the yield is about 60%.
  • the reaction route is as follows.
  • the raw material 9 ⁇ ,10 ⁇ -pregnane-5,7-diene-3,20-dione diethylenediacetal in this route can be conveniently obtained by progesterone via carbonyl protection, oxidation, deuteration, depurination and photochemicalization.
  • this route uses an anhydrous ethanol hydrogen chloride solution for deprotection rearrangement.
  • the required amount of anhydrous ethanol hydrogen chloride solution reaches 15 times the volume of the raw material. In order to ensure the effect, it is necessary to continuously supply dry hydrogen chloride gas to ensure the production. concentration.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve various problems encountered in the synthesis of dehydroprogesterone, and propose a new economic and environmentally friendly synthetic route, and the yield is extremely high.
  • step a 9 ⁇ ,10 ⁇ -pregnane-5,7-diene-3,20-dione diethylenediacetal (compound A) is deprotected under acidic conditions to give compound B, which may have an acid of 5 ⁇ 10% dilute sulfuric acid, 5-10% dilute hydrochloric acid, 40-60% acetic acid, or p-toluenesulfonic acid; reaction temperature is 0-90 °C.
  • the compound B is rearranged in a solvent under basic conditions to obtain a compound C.
  • the solvent used is a C 1 -C 4 linear or branched alkyl alcohol; the base used may be sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide or t-butanol. Potassium; the molar ratio of the compound B to the base is from 0.5 to 5.5:1; the volume-to-weight ratio of the solvent to the compound B is from 10 to 30 V:1; and the reaction temperature is from room temperature to 90 °C.
  • the method for producing 9 ⁇ ,10 ⁇ -pregnane-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (compound C) of the present invention can be achieved by the following preferred examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. .
  • the starting material 9 ⁇ , 10 ⁇ -pregnane-5,7-diene-3,20-dione diethylenediacetal (Compound A) used in the following examples was obtained from Taizhou Haisheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  • HPLC analysis conditions used in the experiment were:
  • the specific rotation conditions used in the experiment were as follows: the sample was dissolved in dichloromethane to prepare a solution having a concentration of 5 mg/mL, and the optical rotation under a sodium light lamp was detected at 25 ° C to calculate the specific rotation.
  • the melting point instrument used in the experiment was not calibrated.
  • IR 870, 1232, 1419, 1464, 1618, 1663, 1701, 2965, 3464 cm -1 .
  • the ethyl acetate extract was concentrated to near dryness, and the column was passed, and 2.8 g of Compound B was recovered (the melting point of the recovered compound B was 146 to 147.5 ° C), and 16.7 g of Compound C was obtained in a yield: 96.51%.
  • IR 1358, 1579, 1619, 1659, 1695, 2879, 2928, 2959, 3025 cm -1 .

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明是有关于一种9β,10α-孕甾-4,6-二烯-3,20-二酮的制备方法。该制备方法以9β,10α-孕甾-5,7-二烯-3,20-二酮二乙二缩醛(化合物A)为原料,在酸性条件下解保护得到9β,10α-孕甾-4,7-二烯-3,20-二酮(化合物B),然后在碱性条件下重排得到9β,10α-孕甾-4,6-二烯-3,20-二酮(化合物C)。本发明的方法简单、环保且收率极高。

Description

9β,10α-孕甾-4,6-二烯-3,20-二酮的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种甾体化合物的制备方法,特别是涉及一种9β,10α-孕甾-4,6-二烯-3,20-二酮的制备方法。
背景技术
9β,10α-孕甾-4,6-二烯-3,20-二酮又称去氢孕酮(Dydrogesterone)、地屈孕酮,熔点169-170℃,常温下为白色或浅黄色结晶粉末,不溶于水,溶于乙醇、丙酮等。去氢孕酮作为孕激素类药物相较于其它类似药物具有明显的优势和安全性,是治疗闭经,子宫内膜异位,预防功能性出血和先兆性流产的首选药物。目前临床应用的合成孕激素中,去氢孕酮优于其它类似药物,为有效且具有口服活性的合成孕激素类药物。经过40多组临床试验,己用于几千万妇女的治疗,积累了30多年的临床经验,目前已在60多个国家注册。目前全球只有Abbott公司在生产,其在中国的注册药品名为达呋通(地屈孕酮片)、芬吗通(雌二醇片/雌二醇地屈孕酮片复合包装)。此二者药品,尤其是前者,是国内预防功能性出血和先兆性流产的首选药物,占市场领导地位。
Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas(1960),79:771-783报道了一条以光甾醇2为起始原料,经Oppenauer氧化、异构化、催化氢化、臭氧化、加成、重铬酸钠氧化和脱氢反应得到去氢孕酮的合成路线(如下所示),此路线所用的原料并不是一个天然产物,需要通过合成才能得到,目前并无工业化产品。同时,此路线合成路线很长,用到了大量对环境有害物质,且每步收率均不高,最终产率更是非常的低,因此只能作为研究探索用,并无工业化生产的可能。
Figure PCTCN2015000231-appb-000001
英国专利GB929271对上述路线进行了简化,以光甾-4,7,22-三烯-3-酮为原料,将其溶解在事先已经被干燥的HCl气体饱和的无水异丙醇溶液中,异构化成光甾-4,6,22-三烯-3-酮,臭氧化后与哌啶在对甲苯磺酸催化下脱水生成烯胺,最后在重铬酸钠的酸性溶液中氧化得到去氢孕酮(如下所示)。由于此路线仍存在着路线较长,每步收率低,起始原料难得到等缺点,总收率也很低,基本上不具备工业化生产的可能性。
Figure PCTCN2015000231-appb-000002
美国专利US3198792报道了以反式孕酮为原料,四氯苯醌为氧化剂,氮气保护下,在叔丁醇中回流反应生产去氢孕酮(如下所示)。然而此方法所用的原料反式孕酮在天然产物中并不存在,需要通过合成才能得到,且目前合成很困难,并无工业化产品。同时本路线还用到大量的苯进行柱层析,受到了一定的限制。另外,此路线的收率也很低,只有约20%的收率。 综上几个原因,此路线并不适合工业化生产。
Figure PCTCN2015000231-appb-000003
Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas(1961),80:43-46报道了一条以孕甾-5,7-二烯-3β-醇-20-酮为原料,经过紫外光化,Oppenauer氧化,异构化最后得到去氢孕酮(如下所示)。首先,此路线所用原料需要以孕甾-5-烯-3β-醇-20-酮经羟基保护,二溴海因溴化,二甲基吡啶脱溴才能得到。整个生产过程中因孕甾-5-烯-3β-醇-20-酮本身就较难得到,且在生产过程中需要用到二溴海英,对环境不友好,最终导致本路线的原料孕甾-5,7-二烯-3β-醇-20-酮较难得到。其次,每步反应的收率均不是很高,导致总收率较低。第三,在异构化一步使用了大量的37%氯化氢-异丙醇溶液,而一般工业化生产的大概为35%,所以在生产过程中需要不断补通氯化氢气体以保证浓度,导致在生产过程中会产生大量的废酸、废气,对环境不友好。因此,综上几个原因,此路线并没有进行工业化生产。
Figure PCTCN2015000231-appb-000004
比利时专利BE656770报道了一种以9β,10α-孕甾-5,7-二烯-3,20-二酮二乙二缩醛(化合物A)为原料,用二氯甲烷作溶剂,低温下加入饱和无水乙醇氯化氢溶液进行脱保护重排,反应完毕后加到冰水中,二氯甲烷提取,浓缩精制得9β,10α-孕甾-4,6-二烯-3,20-二酮(化合物C),收率约60%。反应路线如下。
Figure PCTCN2015000231-appb-000005
此路线中的原料9β,10α-孕甾-5,7-二烯-3,20-二酮二乙二缩醛可由孕酮经羰基保护、氧化、腙化、脱腙、光化后方便得到9β,10α-孕甾-5,7-二烯-3,20-二酮二乙二缩醛。但此路线采用的是无水乙醇氯化氢溶液进行脱保护重排,所需的无水乙醇氯化氢溶液量达到15倍原料体积量,为了保证效果,在生产上需要不断通入燥的氯化氢气体以保证浓度。且采用此法生产往往还会伴有约30%左右的4,7位未重排副产物(化合物B)产生,在整个生产中产生了大量的废酸及废酸气需要处理,三废处理成本很高。目前国外工业化生产去氢孕酮就是采用此法。
此外还有一些文献报道采用的是无水异丙醇氯化氢溶液进行解保护重排制得去氢孕酮的。这些方法均是采用大量氯化氢-无水醇体系进行制备,在工业生产中会产生大量的废酸生废气。在日益注重环保、经济的今天,工业生产仍需要找出一条更加经济、环保的路线。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决去氢孕酮在以住合成中遇到的各种问题,提出了一条新的经济、环保的合成路线,且收率极高。
反应方程式如下:
Figure PCTCN2015000231-appb-000006
步骤a中,9β,10α-孕甾-5,7-二烯-3,20-二酮二乙二缩醛(化合物A)在酸性条件下解保护得到化合物B,其所用的酸可以为5~10%稀硫酸、5~10%稀盐酸、40~60%浓度的乙酸、或对甲苯磺酸;反应温度在为0~90℃。
步骤b中,化合物B在溶剂中,碱性条件下进行重排得到化合物C。所 用的溶剂为C1~C4的直链或支链烷基醇;所用的碱可以为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、叔丁醇钾;化合物B与碱的摩尔比在0.5~5.5∶1;所用溶剂与化合物B的体积重量比在:10~30V:1;反应温度在为室温~90℃。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,而可依照说明书的内容予以实施,并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下特举较佳实施例,详细说明如下。
实现发明的最佳方式
本发明9β,10α-孕甾-4,6-二烯-3,20-二酮(化合物C)的制备方法,可以通过以下的较佳实施例来实现,但本发明不仅限于以下的实施例。
下面的实施例中所用的原料9β,10α-孕甾-5,7-二烯-3,20-二酮二乙二缩醛(化合物A)来自于台州市海盛制药有限公司。
实验所用的HPLC分析条件为:
色谱柱:   C18,5μm,4.6mm×150mm
流动相:   乙腈:水-65:35(V/V)
流速:     1.0mL/min
检测波长: 280nm
在此HPLC条件下,化合物B的保留时间约为:10.7min,化合物C的保留时间约为:9.3min。
实验所用的比旋度条件为:以将样品溶于二氯甲烷,配制成浓度为5mg/mL溶液,于25℃下检测钠光灯下的旋光度,计算出比旋度。
实验所用的熔点仪并未经过校准。
实施例1:化合物B的制备
氮气保护下,将22g的9β,10α-孕甾-5,7-二烯-3,20-二酮二乙二缩醛(化合物A)投入到500mL乙醇中,常温下滴加40mL 8.5%的稀硫酸。滴加完毕于氮气保护下回流反应1h。反应完毕后加入到冰水混合物中,过滤,干燥得16.2g化合物B,熔点:145-147℃,收率94.40%,含量约97.2%。
取4g化合物B用丙酮-水重结晶两次后得浅黄色结晶约2.0g,熔点:147.5~148℃,比旋度:[α]D 25=+106~+114°,含量:99.21%。
IR:870,1232,1419,1464,1618,1663,1701,2965,3464cm-1
1H NMR(δ,ppm,CDCl3):0.55(s,3H);1.01(s,3H);1.39-1.43(m,1H);1.55-1.80(m,6H);1.96-1.99(m,1H);2.08(s,3H);2.16-2.18(m,3H);2.32-2.46(m,3H);2.63-2.67(m,1H);2.93-3.02(m,2H);5.22(s, 1H);5.75(s,1H)。
13C NMR(δ,ppm,CDCl3):16.41,19.32,19.67,22.72,22.92,30.75,31.91,34.10,34.29,35.50,37.63,42.39,43.94,49.55,64.26,76.68,77.00,77.32,116.35,123.93,138.57,168.24,208.67。
实施例2:化合物B的制备
氮气保护下,将3g的化合物A投入到50ml 50%醋酸中,于60~65℃搅拌反应30min,然后倒入到大量的冰水中,过滤得粗品,丙酮-水重结晶得1.8g化合物,B熔点:147~148℃。母液中回收约0.36g化合物B,熔点:146~147.5℃。总收率约92.31%。
实施例3:化合物B的制备
将5.0g化合物A投入到75mL二氯甲烷中,于0~5℃下滴加25ml 5%盐酸,保温搅拌反应1h,然后倒入到大量冰水中,搅拌10min,然后静置分层,水层用75ml二氯甲烷再提取一次。合并二氯甲烷层,用饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤两次后,减压浓缩,蒸干二氯甲烷后得3.7g化合物B,熔点:146.2~147.8℃,收率约94.87%。
实施例4:化合物B的制备
将5g化合物A投入到100mL 95%乙醇中,加入1g对甲苯磺酸,氮气保护下回流反应1.5h,然后加入到大量冰水中,搅拌15min后过滤,干燥后得3.8g化合物B,熔点:145.5~147℃,收率97.44%。
实施例5:化合物C的制备
将20g化合物B投入到300mL甲醇中,氮气保护下投入8.6g甲醇钠,回流反应3h。反应完毕用冰醋酸调PH至中性后,减压蒸干后加入500mL乙酸乙酯和500mL水,搅拌15min后,静置分层,水层用400mL乙酸乙酯提取一次,合并乙酸乙酯,HPLC分析显示含15.07%化合物B和84.93%化合物C。将乙酸乙酯提取液浓缩至近干,过柱,回收2.8g化合物B(回收化合物B的熔点为146~147.5℃),同时得16.7g化合物C,收率:96.51%。
取1g化合物C,用无水乙醇重结晶一次,干燥后检测,熔点:169~170℃,比旋度:[α]D 25=-473~-480°,含量99.62%,
IR:1358,1579,1619,1659,1695,2879,2928,2959,3025cm-1
1H NMR(δ,ppm,CDCl3):0.704(s,3H);1.244(s,3H);1.346(m,1H);1.623(m,1H);1.667(m,1H);1.687(m,1H);1.747(m,1H);1.801(m,1H);1.841(m,1H);1.859(m,1H);1.982(m,1H);1.998(m,1H);2.129(s,3H); 2.200(m,1H);2.403(m,1H);2.431(m,1H);2.527(m,1H);2.552(m,1H);5.675(s,1H);6.162(m,1H);6.182(m,1H);
13C NMR(δ,ppm,CDCl3):12.037,20.527,22.258,22.541,25.123,31.458,33.918,35.554,37.152,37.697,38.555,39.642,44.204,49.837,63.354,123.877,127.054,140.369,162.901,199.348,208.886。
HRMS(El):化合物分子式为C21H28O2,实测m/z:335.2130[M+Na],m/z:313.2164为[M+H]峰,理论值(M+H)为313.2162
实施例6-12:化合物C的制备
将1g化合物B(3.22mmol)投入到30mL溶剂中,氮气保护下加入6.5mmol的碱,回流反应3h后,冰醋酸调pH,减压蒸干,乙酸乙酯提取后,HPLC分析计算提取液中化合物B与C的含量与比例,见表1;然后柱分离得化合物B与化合物C,。
表1 实施例6-12
Figure PCTCN2015000231-appb-000007
实施例13:化合物C的制备
氮气保护下,将20g的化合物A投入到450mL乙醇中,常温下滴加37mL 8.5%的稀硫酸。滴加完毕于氮气保护下回流反应1h。反应完毕后加入到冰水混合物中,过滤,烘干后加入到200mL甲醇中,再投入5g甲醇钠,回流反应3h,然后用冰乙酸调PH,浓缩后二氯甲烷提取,饱和NaHCO3溶液洗涤后,浓缩至近干,上柱分离,最后收集到2.1g化合物B,熔点147.2~147.9℃,同时收集到得12.0g化合物C,熔点:167.5~169.5℃,化合物C以原料化合物A计算的一次收率:76.92%,折合化合物B转换成化合物C后总收率约:89.42%。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而己,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,故凡未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变作与修饰,均仍属本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种9β,10α-孕甾-4,6-二烯-3,20-二酮的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
    Figure PCTCN2015000231-appb-100001
    其中,步骤a中,化合物A在酸性条件下解保护得到化合物B;步骤b中,化合物B在溶剂中,碱性条件下重排得到化合物C。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤a中,所用酸为5~10%稀硫酸、5~10%稀盐酸、40~60%浓度的乙酸、或对甲苯磺酸。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤a中,反应温度为0~90℃。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤b中,所述溶剂为C1~C4的直链或支链烷基醇。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤b中,所述碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、乙醇钾或叔丁醇钾。
  6. 如权利要求1或5所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤b中,化合物B与碱的摩尔比为0.5~5.5∶1。
  7. 如权利要求1、4-6任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤b中,所述溶剂与化合物B的体积重量比为10~30∶1(V/W)。
  8. 如权利要求1、4-7任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤b中,反应温度为室温~90℃。
PCT/CN2015/000231 2015-04-02 2015-04-02 9β,10α-孕甾-4,6-二烯-3,20-二酮的制备方法 WO2016154772A1 (zh)

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