WO2016152151A1 - 合成ガスの製造方法および製造装置 - Google Patents
合成ガスの製造方法および製造装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016152151A1 WO2016152151A1 PCT/JP2016/001657 JP2016001657W WO2016152151A1 WO 2016152151 A1 WO2016152151 A1 WO 2016152151A1 JP 2016001657 W JP2016001657 W JP 2016001657W WO 2016152151 A1 WO2016152151 A1 WO 2016152151A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- catalyst layer
- reactor
- catalyst
- mixed gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 265
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 214
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101100532097 Vitis rotundifolia RUN1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Rh+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002937 thermal insulation foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C#C)C(OC)=C1 IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002084 calcia-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ce+3] UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- LYKJEJVAXSGWAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N compactone Natural products CC1(C)CCCC2(C)C1CC(=O)C3(O)CC(C)(CCC23)C=C LYKJEJVAXSGWAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0207—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J12/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J12/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- B01J12/007—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
- B01J19/244—Concentric tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/2485—Monolithic reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/249—Plate-type reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/2495—Net-type reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/464—Rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
- B01J37/088—Decomposition of a metal salt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0242—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0403—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal
- B01J8/0407—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds
- B01J8/0411—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds the beds being concentric
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
- C01B3/26—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/386—Catalytic partial combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/40—Carbon monoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C9/00—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons
- C07C9/02—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons with one to four carbon atoms
- C07C9/04—Methane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00654—Controlling the process by measures relating to the particulate material
- B01J2208/00672—Particle size selection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/02—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles
- B01J2208/023—Details
- B01J2208/024—Particulate material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/02—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles
- B01J2208/023—Details
- B01J2208/024—Particulate material
- B01J2208/025—Two or more types of catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00245—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects
- B01J2219/00259—Preventing runaway of the chemical reaction
- B01J2219/00263—Preventing explosion of the chemical mixture
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
- C01B2203/0261—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a catalytic partial oxidation step [CPO]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1005—Arrangement or shape of catalyst
- C01B2203/1011—Packed bed of catalytic structures, e.g. particles, packing elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1064—Platinum group metal catalysts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing synthesis gas from lower hydrocarbons such as natural gas by a catalytic partial oxidation method, and an apparatus used for the method.
- Natural gas is mainly composed of lower hydrocarbons typified by methane (referred to herein as hydrocarbons having 1 to 5 carbon atoms). 2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, development and improvement of technologies for producing synthesis gas mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from natural gas have progressed. Syngas is a raw material for producing various products by C1 chemistry, and also a raw material for producing clean fuels such as methanol, synthetic gasoline, dimethyl ether (DME), etc., so natural gas is converted to synthetic gas. This reforming technology can be said to be an important technology that is the basis for the effective use of natural gas.
- steam reforming is a synthesis mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide by adding steam to natural gas and passing it through a reaction tube placed in a heating furnace and filled with a reforming catalyst. Although this is converted into gas, since this reaction is endothermic, it is necessary to supply a large amount of heat from the outside, and there is a problem that the reactor becomes enormous when it is applied to large-scale production.
- part of natural gas as a raw material is burner burned by adding oxygen or air, and carbon dioxide and water (steam) present in the generated high-temperature combustion gas and unburned methane in the natural gas are used.
- the heat generated in the combustion reaction is used for the reforming reaction (endothermic reaction), so there is no need to supply heat from the outside.
- the upper part is easily exposed to high-temperature gas and deteriorates. In addition, it is difficult to operate under economically optimal conditions because it is necessary to supply excess steam to maintain the life of the burner. .
- the CPOX method can be said to be a change of the burner combustion of the ATR method to catalytic combustion, but the substantial advantage is that the combustion reaction and the reforming reaction are not performed stepwise like the ATR method. It can be said that it is possible to prevent only the upper part of the catalyst layer from becoming high temperature by proceeding in parallel.
- the “direct contact partial oxidation (D-CPOX) method” is used in which the lower hydrocarbons in the raw natural gas are oxidized to hydrogen and carbon monoxide without completely burning them to carbon dioxide and water.
- the present inventors have developed a catalyst of the CPOX method by developing such a catalyst. We succeeded in opening the way to practical use (Patent Document 1).
- the gas is circulated through the catalyst layer at a very large space velocity, so the reactor is significantly more compact than the conventional steam reforming method and ATR method.
- the reactor is significantly more compact than the conventional steam reforming method and ATR method.
- a hot spot is originally a problem in which the upper part of the catalyst layer is heated to a high temperature due to the combustion reaction occurring prior to the reforming reaction. It is known that it occurs in the production of unsaturated aldehydes and unsaturated carboxylic acids by, for example, gas phase catalytic oxidation of olefins in situations other than the production of synthesis gas by reforming. And, as one of the measures to solve it, a device has already been proposed in which a catalyst with reduced activity is arranged at the inlet part where hot spots are likely to be formed, and a highly active catalyst is arranged stepwise toward the outlet part. (Patent Document 2).
- a gas supply pipe (distribution pipe) is extended in the catalyst layer as a reactor for selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide remaining in the shift gas to carbon dioxide.
- a radial flow reactor designed to introduce shift gas deep into the catalyst layer has been proposed (Patent Document 3).
- the problem of hot spot formation in the CPOX method is that the reactive gas passes through the catalyst layer at a high speed, which suppresses the combustion reaction in the gas phase. Also, there is a high possibility that the combustion reaction will occur on the catalyst surface by proceeding prior to the reforming reaction. For such a problem, the measures proposed in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 are hardly applicable.
- the measure proposed in Patent Document 2 is applied to the CPOX method, there is a fear that complete combustion may proceed on the low activity catalyst near the inlet, and this is counterproductive.
- the purpose of the D-CPOX method, in which the quality reaction is carried out in parallel, may be lost.
- the CPOX method handles a mixed gas of lower hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing gas, it should be noted that there is a risk of explosion once ignited.
- the inert gas is filled in a mixer for mixing a gas containing methane or the like and a gas containing oxygen, and in a narrow channel in the packed bed.
- a proposal has been made to prevent the flame from going upstream by setting the gas flow rate to be equal to or higher than the combustion speed (flame propagation speed) (Patent Document 4).
- this measure focuses only on preventing explosion in the process until the mixed gas reaches the catalyst packed bed in the reactor, and does not consider the problem of hot spot formation in the packed bed at all.
- the differential pressure is increased more than necessary.
- the present invention is a contact for producing a synthesis gas mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide by partially oxidizing a lower hydrocarbon-containing gas (raw gas) such as natural gas with an oxygen-containing gas (oxidizing gas). It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for preventing the formation of hot spots generated when a mixed gas is circulated at high speed in a catalyst packed bed in a partial oxidation method (CPOX method, particularly D-CPOX method).
- CPOX method partial oxidation method
- the present invention prevents the formation of hot spots in the catalyst packed bed, while the mixed gas of the combustible raw material gas and the oxygen-containing gas made of lower hydrocarbon-containing gas or the like reaches the catalyst packed bed.
- the object is to provide a method that can simultaneously avoid the risk of explosion.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a synthesis gas production apparatus suitable for carrying out the method described above.
- the present invention provides a synthesis gas mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide by circulating a mixed gas of a raw material gas containing lower hydrocarbons and an oxidizing gas containing oxygen through a fixed bed catalyst layer disposed in the reactor.
- a method for producing a synthesis gas by catalytic partial oxidation method comprising converting the gas mixture to flow through the catalyst layer under a condition that the Reynolds number at the catalyst layer inlet does not exceed 20.
- the present invention solves the above-described problem by setting the conditions so that the gas flow rate in the supply flow path of the mixed gas to the catalyst layer is equal to or higher than the combustion limit speed in the above method.
- the present invention provides a synthetic gas production system in which a fixed bed catalyst layer is disposed in a pressure vessel, and a mixed gas of a raw material gas containing lower hydrocarbons and an oxidizing gas containing oxygen is circulated through the catalyst layer.
- the reactor is characterized in that the equivalent diameter R of the mixed gas supply passage leading to the catalyst layer satisfies the following formula, thereby solving the above-mentioned problems.
- reaction area means the (total) cross-sectional area of the mixed gas flow flowing perpendicularly to the catalyst layer, that is, the total area of the inlet side surfaces of the catalyst layers arranged in parallel to the mixed gas. That is.
- a synthesis gas mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is produced by partial oxidation of a lower hydrocarbon-containing gas with an oxygen-containing gas by a catalytic partial oxidation method (CPOX method, particularly D-CPOX method).
- CPOX method catalytic partial oxidation method
- D-CPOX method catalytic partial oxidation method
- the catalyst layer formed by packing a granular catalyst in a column is shown.
- the catalyst layer formed by filling a column with a foam-shaped catalyst molded body is shown.
- the catalyst layer unit of a radial flow type reactor is shown.
- the laminated body of the catalyst layer unit of a plate type reactor is shown.
- the state of the foam catalyst after the test of RUN1 in Table 1 is shown.
- the state of the foam catalyst after the test of RUN 6 in Table 1 is shown.
- variety of the flow path of mixed gas may reduce in steps is shown.
- the flow velocity distribution in the catalyst layer in the catalyst layer unit of a plate type reactor is shown.
- positioned the metal plate which has a punch hole in the flow path of mixed gas is shown.
- the present invention focuses on the flow of the mixed gas in the catalyst layer, and the essence is that the mixed gas is circulated through the catalyst layer under the condition that the Reynolds (Re) number at the inlet of the catalyst layer does not exceed 20. It is a characteristic feature. Further, the present invention focuses on the flow of the mixed gas in the supply flow path of the mixed gas that reaches the catalyst layer, and the gas flow rate in the supply flow path is equal to or higher than the combustion limit speed of the mixed gas. The essential feature is that the mixed gas is supplied to the catalyst layer.
- the Reynolds number is a dimensionless number that represents the ratio of the contribution of inertial force to the contribution of viscous force in the flow of interest (that is, their relative magnitude relationship), and is well known in the field of chemical engineering that handles the flow in an apparatus. It is an indicator.
- the Reynolds number is defined by the following equation. In the equation, Re is the Reynolds number, ⁇ is the density of the fluid (kg / m 3 ), u is the flow velocity (m / s), d is the representative length (m) of the device, and ⁇ is the viscosity of the fluid (Pa .S). Among these amounts, the density ⁇ and the viscosity ⁇ are unambiguously determined when those conditions are determined, although they vary depending on the temperature and pressure of the fluid.
- the flow velocity u also varies depending on the location when the inside of the catalyst layer is viewed microscopically, but the average flow velocity is obtained by dividing the empty reference flow velocity obtained by dividing the supply flow rate of the mixed gas by the reaction area by the porosity. Can be determined as However, the representative length d is not necessarily uniquely defined, and must be defined each time the Reynolds number is determined.
- the catalyst layer can be roughly divided into a type in which a fluid flows through a gap filled with particles as shown in FIG. 1 and a type as shown in FIG.
- a type in which fluid flows through foam-like open cells In the present invention, in the former case, the average particle diameter d p of the packed particles is taken as the representative length, and in the latter case, the average thickness (skeleton diameter) dt of the partition walls between the bubbles is taken as the representative length. And That is, in any case, the dimension on the packing (solid) side is taken as the representative length.
- the packing constituting the catalyst layer is provided with a catalyst support layer (support layer) on a heat-resistant support made of ceramics or the like, whether it is a packed particle type or an open cell type, and a catalyst metal is provided on the support layer. It is preferable to carry it.
- alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, zircon, yttrium, mullite, and the like are suitable.
- the material constituting the carrier layer is generally preferably a metal oxide, and includes a first component composed of an oxide of a Group IIA element such as magnesium and calcium, and a second component composed of an oxide of cerium, praseodymium or terbium. Particularly preferred is a mixture of the component and a third component comprising zirconia or calcia stabilized zirconia.
- the catalyst metal a Group VIII metal is generally preferable, and rhodium is particularly preferable.
- the packing that constitutes the catalyst layer may be packed in the reactor as it is, but it is easier to make the size of the voids in the catalyst layer uniform by filling the reactor with a predetermined shape.
- a foam-like packing the one shaped into a shape that matches the internal space of the reactor is usually packed.
- Such a molded body is called a porous monolith.
- the porous monolith is a ceramic foam having a network structure of 10 to 40 cells / inch, or a ceramic honeycomb having a honeycomb structure of 100 to 400 cells / square inch. Consists of.
- the gap may be filled with a sealing material.
- a porous monolithic packing is used as the catalyst layer, since the porosity is larger than when the granular catalyst is packed, it is possible to form a structure with a small representative length (d), This has the advantage that even if the superficial velocity of the supply gas is increased, the Re number is reduced and hot spots are not easily formed. There is also an advantage that even if the gas linear velocity is increased, the differential pressure is small.
- the type of flow in the reactor is not particularly limited, but as shown in FIG.
- the catalyst layer is filled in a cylindrical shape to form a flow from the center to the circumference (or vice versa).
- the type (radial flow type) and the type (plate type) in which a plurality of units each having a flat catalyst layer sandwiched between a pair of gas permeable plates as shown in FIG. 4 are particularly preferable.
- the inventors of the present invention coated a catalyst support on a ceramic foam and supported rhodium (Rh) to produce a foam-shaped catalyst molded body, and the manufactured cylindrical foam catalyst was formed into a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG.
- the column was packed to form a catalyst layer, and a mixed gas of city gas and oxygen was allowed to flow therethrough, and 11 experiments (RUN 1 to 11) were conducted to produce synthesis gas.
- the resulting synthesis gas is sampled in a timely manner to track changes in the reaction performance of the catalyst, and by extracting the catalyst after use and observing the physical deterioration state, stable operation with little catalyst deterioration is performed. It was judged comprehensively whether or not
- the experimental conditions at this time are shown in Table 1, and the experimental results are shown in Table 2.
- FIG. 5 shows the state of the foam catalyst after the RUN1 experiment shown in Table 1.
- the conversion rate change rate at this time (change rate with respect to time of the rate at which the hydrocarbons in the supplied city gas reacted with oxygen) was stable at about 0.01% / h as can be seen from the results of RUN1 in Table 2. No damage is seen in the catalyst after extraction.
- FIG. 6 shows the state of the foam catalyst after the RUN 6 experiment of Table 1. As shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that the formation of hot spots melts the skeleton of the ceramic foam and opens large holes. The conversion rate change rate at this time was 0.02% / h as understood from the result of RUN6 in Table 2. Based on this result, when the conversion rate change rate was a decrease of 0.02% / h or more, it was determined that the catalyst deterioration was mainly caused by the formation of hot spots.
- the foam-shaped catalyst molded body includes 20 cells / inch (about 8 cells / cm, cell diameter: 1.27 mm), 30 cells / inch (about 12 cells / cm, Ceramic foam with cell diameter: 0.85 mm), 34 cells / inch (about 13.5 cells / cm, cell diameter: 0.75 mm), 40 cells / inch (about 16 cells / cm, cell diameter: 0.64 mm) It was used.
- the skeletal diameter d (d t ) was constant regardless of the cell diameter within the range of the cell diameter, and was 0.1 mm as a result of microscopic observation.
- These molded bodies were coated with a catalyst carrier and supported as rhodium to be used as a foam catalyst.
- a catalyst layer was formed by filling each cylindrical column with foam-shaped catalyst molded bodies having cell sizes of various sizes prepared in (1-1). The gap between the catalyst molded body and the inner wall of the column was filled with heat insulating wool to prevent gas from slipping through.
- oxygen were added to O /
- a synthesis gas was produced by flowing a mixed gas containing a C ratio of 0.9 to 1.0 at a temperature of 250 ° C. and changing the pressure and flow rate. Table 1 shows the experimental conditions.
- the gas flow rate (GHSV) was obtained by dividing the total supply gas amount (0 ° C., 1 atm conversion) by the catalyst volume.
- the value of the gas flow rate u was calculated as the flow rate under the reaction conditions at the catalyst layer inlet, using the porosity of the catalyst layer, the catalyst layer inlet temperature, and the inlet pressure.
- the catalyst layer inlet temperature was set with reference to the results of Non-Patent Document 1 in which the catalyst layer temperature distribution during the CPOX reaction operation was measured by the capillary sampling method.
- As the average density ⁇ and the average viscosity ⁇ an arithmetic average value obtained by weighting the density and viscosity of each component of the mixed gas at the inlet pressure and the catalyst layer inlet temperature according to the existence ratio was adopted.
- Carbon conversion rate (total amount of carbon in feed hydrocarbon [mol / h] ⁇ outflow amount of methane [mol / h]) / (total amount of carbon in feed hydrocarbon [mol / h])
- the rate of change in conversion rate (% / h) was determined by dividing the difference between the carbon conversion rate 20 minutes after the start of the reaction and the carbon conversion rate after the reaction time elapsed by the reaction time.
- the average particle diameter d was measured by observing the particle diameter of each particle constituting each granular catalyst under a microscope, and an arithmetic average value in the particle diameter range was adopted.
- the porosity of the catalyst layer was 0.64 in the case of A) and 0.6 in the case of B). Therefore, the gas flow rate u was calculated using these values.
- a catalyst layer unit of a radial flow reactor is configured using a cylindrical molded body of a foam catalyst having a cell structure similar to that of the first embodiment.
- a gas supply pipe 11 is arranged at a position corresponding to the central axis of a cylindrical catalyst molded body having a predetermined thickness in the radial direction, and supplied through the gas supply pipe.
- the mixed gas of the raw material gas and the oxidizing gas flows into the catalyst layer 12 through a plurality of gas permeation holes formed on the side surface of the supply pipe and flows in the radial direction from the outer surface of the catalyst layer. It has a structure that syngas flows out.
- the catalyst layer is formed of a foam-like molded body of about 10 to 40 cells / inch (4 to 16 cells / cm).
- the gas introduced into the layer from the gas supply pipe flows while spreading in the radial direction. Therefore, if the change in the volume of the gas accompanying the progress of the reaction is ignored, generally the vicinity of the gas supply pipe Then, it can be said that the flow velocity is large and gradually decreases as it approaches the outer surface.
- an upper limit is set for the Re number at the catalyst layer inlet. Therefore, in an In-Out type radial flow reactor, the Re number is less than or equal to the upper limit in the entire catalyst layer.
- the number of moles of gas increases and the temperature changes, and this affects the gas volume and thus the gas flow rate.
- the Re number is not necessarily below the upper limit in the entire catalyst layer. Absent. However, in the region that has penetrated deeply from the entrance of the catalyst layer (since oxygen is gradually consumed), hot spots are gradually formed, so that the Re number near the entrance of the catalyst layer does not exceed the upper limit of 20 For example, even if the Re number slightly exceeds the upper limit in the vicinity of the outlet of the catalyst layer, the effect of the present invention cannot be immediately obtained.
- the Re number in the vicinity of the catalyst layer inlet (in the vicinity of the gas supply pipe) where the gas flow velocity is generally maximum should not exceed the upper limit. Therefore, when the ratio between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the catalyst layer is very large, the flow velocity near the catalyst layer outlet may become too small.
- an inert material layer having a gas flow path similar to that of the catalyst layer may be provided in a cylindrical shape with a predetermined thickness around the gas supply pipe. In this case, it is only necessary that the Re number does not exceed the upper limit when the mixed gas passes through the inert material layer and flows into the catalyst layer.
- the heat insulating foam 13 plays the role of the inert material layer.
- providing a layer made of a heat insulating material as an inert material makes it difficult for heat generated in the catalyst layer to be transmitted to the inside of the gas supply pipe, thereby preventing ignition of the mixed gas inside the gas supply pipe. It is also effective in preventing.
- an appropriate differential pressure is generated, the pressure in the gas supply pipe is equalized, and the gas supply pipe is uniformly distributed from the tip to the end. It is effective for supplying gas.
- the radial flow reactor of FIG. 3 is an In-Out type in which gas flows from the inside to the outside through the cylindrical catalyst layer, but conversely, the gas passes through the cylindrical catalyst layer to the outside.
- the reactor may be configured as an Out-In reactor that flows inward from the inside.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a laminate of catalyst layer units of the plate reactor in the present embodiment.
- each catalyst layer unit 20 includes a foam-like catalyst layer 21 formed in a plate shape, and a heat insulating foam layer 22 (an inflow side 22a and an outflow side 22b) made of a gas-permeable inert material sandwiching the catalyst layer unit 21 from above and below. And a support frame 23 for holding them together.
- the support frame 23 includes a horizontal member 23a excellent in thermal shock resistance and heat insulation and vertical members 23b and 23c that support the horizontal member.
- the vertical members 23b and 23c are formed with slits that serve as gas inlets or outlets to the gaps described below.
- the plate-like catalyst layer units are arranged in the horizontal direction and overlapped in the vertical direction.
- the members arranged in the direction are called horizontal members, and the members supporting the members are called vertical members.
- the orientation of the catalyst layer unit is not limited to that shown in FIG. The name can be appropriately determined depending on the orientation of the catalyst layer unit.
- the catalyst layer units are arranged to overlap each other in a positional relationship separated from each other by a gap having a predetermined width so that the mixed gas flows in from one of the gaps on the upper and lower sides of each unit and the synthesis gas flows out from the other. It is configured. At this time, it is preferable that the gas inflow gap and the gas outflow gap are alternately arranged, because one gap is shared by two catalyst layer units sandwiching the gap, which is convenient.
- the mixed gas that has flowed into the reactor flows from the top to the bottom along one of the vertical members (usually a plurality of slits), and flows into the gas inflow gap from these slits. Then, the gas enters the catalyst layer while flowing horizontally through the gas inflow gaps, and passes through the catalyst layer vertically to become synthesis gas.
- the synthesis gas that has exited the catalyst layer flows horizontally through the respective gas outflow gaps, passes through slits that are outlets from the respective gas outflow gaps, and then moves along the other vertical member provided with the slits. To the bottom and out of the reactor.
- the mixed gas (raw material gas) flowing along the overlapping direction is separated from each of the plurality of slits provided along the flow path. Sequentially flows into the inflow gap. Therefore, the flow rate of the gas flowing through the gas flow path gradually decreases from upstream to downstream. That is, if the width of the flow path is uniform, the flow rate of the mixed gas gradually decreases from upstream to downstream, and there is a concern that the risk of explosion of the mixed gas increases.
- the width of the mixed gas flow path may be configured to decrease from upstream to downstream.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a case in which the width of the mixed gas channel is configured to decrease stepwise from upstream to downstream.
- the width of the flow path may be decreased stepwise, or may be decreased continuously.
- the gas flow that actually passes through the catalyst layer is only the flow component in the vertical direction (direction perpendicular to the gas inflow / outflow gap). Instead, it also includes a flow component in the horizontal direction (direction parallel to the gas inflow / outflow gap).
- the inventors simulated the flow velocity distribution in the catalyst layer in the catalyst layer unit of the plate reactor using a computer. The result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, in the catalyst layer unit of the plate type reactor, the gas flowing in the gas inflow gap enters the catalyst layer from the gas passage hole of the gas distribution plate by the pressure of the gas itself.
- the ceramic porous body that generates the appropriate differential pressure is placed on the gas distribution plate side of the catalyst layer, although it flows into the gas outflow gap from the gas passage hole of the gas collection plate provided on the opposite side.
- the pressure in the gas inflow gap is equalized, and the gas is ideally introduced into the catalyst layer in a direction perpendicular to the catalyst layer.
- the operating conditions may be set so that the Re number at the catalyst layer inlet does not exceed the upper limit.
- FIG. 8 is a simulation assuming a plate type, but the operation is performed so that the Re number at the catalyst layer inlet does not exceed the upper limit in the radial flow type Out-In type and In-Out type. What is necessary is just to set conditions.
- the cross-sectional area of the flow path is stepwise when an In-Out type radial flow reactor that increases the gas flow rate at the catalyst layer inlet side or when a plurality of flat catalyst layer units are sequentially arranged from the upstream side to the downstream side.
- a plate reactor that can be made very small is a preferred type of reactor for such a design.
- the combustion limit speed is the minimum gas flow rate required to cause flame extinction (blown out), which depends on the flame propagation speed, that is, the speed of the combustion reaction.
- the gas species to be reacted As well as the pipe diameter, the gas species to be reacted, and the oxygen / carbon ratio.
- the catalyst cross-sectional area (reaction is set so that the Re number at the catalyst inlet does not exceed 20 so that hot spots are not formed on the catalyst surface. Area) and the size of the radial flow or plate reactor so that it has the cross-sectional area of the catalyst, and the gas flow line diameter or slit at which the gas flow rate in the gas supply line exceeds the combustion limit speed Determine the width.
- the slit width it is preferable to use an equivalent diameter.
- the flow rate of the supply gas is the slowest at the end of the gas supply line, and depending on the shape, only the flow in the vertical direction toward the catalyst surface is obtained.
- the speed of this flow is determined by the range in which the Re number at the catalyst layer inlet does not exceed 20.
- the Re number at the catalyst layer inlet does not exceed 20.
- RUN 9 in Table 1 it is 0.91 m / s at the catalyst layer inlet.
- the gas linear velocity at the time of 0 ° C. conversion in the gas supply line decreases to 0.26 m / s. Therefore, an explosion at the end of the gas supply line can be avoided by designing the reaction conditions or the gas supply line diameter or slit width so that the combustion limit speed at 0 ° C. is slower than 0.26 m / s.
- the combustion limit speed V 0 required in the practice of the present invention is a velocity gradient (Extinction Strain Rate) K (unit s ⁇ 1 ) at the time of blow-off in a counterflow flame using reaction analysis software (Chemkin or the like). ) And is obtained from this value as the value of the gas flow velocity V (unit m / s) that satisfies the following equation (2).
- K 2V / R (2)
- R is a counter flow interval (unit: m), which corresponds to the diameter of the cylindrical tube if the flow is in the cylindrical tube, and corresponds to the width of the gap if the flow is in the flat gap.
- equivalent diameter R Various calculation conditions (temperature, pressure, gas composition, etc.) is previously obtained values of the flame extension rate K under the gas flow velocity V 1 in the supply passage is lower than a combustion limit speed V 0 under a predetermined condition If the equivalent diameter R is determined so that there is no combustion, combustion (flame propagation) in the supply channel can be prevented.
- the equivalent diameter R of the supply flow path may be set so as to satisfy the condition of Expression (4).
- FIG. 9A shows an apparatus constituting a cylindrical tube reactor
- FIG. 9B shows an apparatus constituting a plate reactor having a slit-like supply path.
- the presence or absence of flame propagation (flame generation after ignition) was examined.
- the pressure and temperature of the gas were measured with a pressure gauge 31 and a thermocouple 32, respectively. When the supply gas temperature and pressure increased rapidly, it was determined that the flame had propagated. The results are shown in Table 5.
- the operating conditions can be set so that the flow rate of the mixed gas is equal to or higher than the combustion limit speed, and explosion of the mixed gas can be prevented.
- priority is given to the prevention of hot spot formation, and the prevention of explosion of the mixed gas has a flame extinguishing action on the flow path of the mixed gas as described in Patent Document 4. It can also be achieved by placing a filling having. In that case, if the packing density of the packing is too high, the pressure loss due to it may be unfavorable.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a state in which such a punch plate is arranged in the flow path of the mixed gas.
- the filler having a flame extinguishing action is not necessarily limited to the punch plate.
- a porous plate made of a wire mesh or a sintered metal, or an inert monolithic ceramic not supporting a catalyst. Or alumina beads may be used.
- the temperature of the mixed gas is lower than the auto-ignition temperature in the supply gas flow path, the risk of explosion is reduced, side reactions in the gas phase are suppressed, synthesis gas selectivity is improved, and tar or Generation of a substance such as carbon that may block the flow path is suppressed.
- a mixing mechanism for mixing a raw material gas containing lower hydrocarbons and an oxidizing gas containing oxygen is provided upstream of the catalyst layer, and the mixed gas produced by the mixing mechanism is used in the first to fourth embodiments.
- the synthesis gas production apparatus by the catalytic partial oxidation method is configured so as to flow through any one of the catalyst layers.
- any mixing mechanism may be used as long as it can mix two kinds of gases, but a compact one provided in the reactor is preferable. It is preferable that such a compact mixing mechanism is provided near the inlet of the catalyst layer so that the gas mixed by the mixing mechanism immediately flows into the catalyst layer. A gas that is sufficiently mixed in the mixing mechanism is likely to cause an explosion, and if the flow path from the mixing mechanism to the inlet of the catalyst layer becomes long, it becomes difficult to make the gas flow rate between them higher than the combustion limit speed. This is also because the distance to install the extinguishing structure for explosion-proofing becomes longer.
- the mixed gas generated by the mixing mechanism is configured to flow directly from the gas supply path into the flat gas flow path and flow parallel to the catalyst layer. It is preferable.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
R≦(8F/πK)1/3
[式中、Fは混合ガスの供給流量を表し、KはK=2V/Rで定義される速度勾配(Vは燃焼限界速度を表す。)を表し、πは円周率を表す。]
本発明の発明者らは、セラミックフォームに触媒担体をコーティングしロジウム(Rh)を担持してフォーム状触媒成形体を作製し、製造した円柱状のフォーム触媒を、図2に示すように円筒状カラムに充填して触媒層を形成し、これに都市ガスと酸素との混合ガスを流すことにより、合成ガスを製造する実験を11回(RUN1~11)行った。得られた合成ガスを適時サンプリングして触媒の反応性能の変化を追跡し、また、使用後の触媒を抜き出して物理的な劣化状態を観察することで、触媒の劣化が少ない安定な運転が行われたかどうかを総合的に判定した。このときの実験条件を表1に、実験結果を表2に示す。
フォーム状触媒成形体には、20セル/インチ(約8セル/cm、セル径:1.27mm)、30セル/インチ(約12セル/cm、セル径:0.85mm)、34セル/インチ(約13.5セル/cm、セル径:0.75mm)、40セル/インチ(約16セル/cm、セル径:0.64mm)のセラミックフォームを使用した。骨格径d(dt)は上記のセル径の範囲内においてはセル径によらず一定で、顕微鏡観察した結果、0.1mmであった。これらの成形体に触媒担体をコーティングし、ロジウムを担持してフォーム状触媒として使用した。コーティングに用いたCeO2-ZrO2-MgO系粉末は、水酸化セリウム、水酸化ジルコニウムおよび水酸化マグネシウムをCeO2/ZrO2/MgO=1/1/1(重量比)で混合し、更にこの混合物に対して5重量%のグラファイトを添加して混合し、得られた混合物を圧縮成形して1200℃で6時間焼成した後、これを粉砕して調製した。得られた粉末に水を加えてスラリー化したものを、上記セラミックフォームに対して15~20重量%の割合でコーティングし、これを焼成して触媒担体を製造した。得られた触媒担体へのロジウムの担持は、酢酸ロジウム水溶液を触媒担体に含浸し、これを乾燥、焼成することにより行った。Rh担持量は1wt%とした。
上記(1-1)で作製した各種サイズのセル径をもつフォーム状触媒成形体をそれぞれ円筒状カラムに充填することにより触媒層を形成した。触媒成形体とカラム内壁の間の間隙には、ガスのすり抜けを防止するために断熱ウールを充填した。こうして形成した触媒層に、都市ガス(CH4/C2H6/C3H8/C4H10=89.5/6.0/2.8/1.6)と酸素とをO/C比が0.9から1.0の割合で含む混合ガスを、温度250℃で圧力および流速を変えて流すことにより、合成ガスを製造した。実験条件を表1に示す。ガス流量(GHSV)は、全供給ガス量(0℃、1気圧換算)を触媒体積で除して求めた。ガス流速uの値は、触媒層入口での反応条件での流速とし、触媒層の空隙率、触媒層入口温度、入口圧力を用いて算出した。なお、触媒層入口温度は、キャピラリーサンプリング法によりCPOX反応操作中の触媒層温度分布を測定した非特許文献1の結果を参考にして設定した。平均密度ρおよび平均粘度μは入口圧力および触媒層入口温度における混合ガス各成分の密度および粘度を存在比に従って重み付けした算術平均値を採用した。そして、Re数は、Re=ρud/μを計算して求めた。
実験結果を表2に示す。炭素転化率は触媒層出口ガスを分析することにより下記定義式から算出した。
炭素転化率=(供給炭化水素中の全炭素量[mol/h]‐メタン流出量[mol/h])/(供給炭化水素中の全炭素量[mol/h])
反応開始後20分後の炭素転化率と反応時間経過後の炭素転化率の差分を反応時間で除すことで、転化率変化速度(%/h)を求めた。転化率変化速度が0.02%/h未満の場合には合成ガスの製造が安定している(○)と評価し、また、転化率変化速度が0.02%/h以上の場合にはホットスポット形成を主要因とする触媒劣化が進行し安定性が悪い(×)と評価した。
表2から、Re数が20より大きい条件で運転した場合にはホットスポットが形成され、触媒の反応性能の低下が見られることがわかる。
本実施形態においては、フォーム状触媒成形体の代わりに粒状触媒を作製して、これを図1に示すようにカラムに充填して触媒層を形成したことを除き、実施形態1と同様の操作を行った。
上記触媒の製造には、圧縮成形して調製した触媒担体を粉砕し篩い分けすることで、A)粒径0.35~0.43mm(平均粒径0.39mm)およびB)粒径0.85~1.18 mm(平均粒径1.02mm)の2種類のサイズの粒状触媒を使用した。触媒担体であるCeO2-ZrO2-MgOは、フォーム触媒のコーティングに用いたCeO2-ZrO2-MgO系粉末と同様にして調製した。得られた触媒担体へのロジウムの担持は、酢酸ロジウム水溶液を触媒担体に含浸し、これを乾燥、焼成することにより行った。ロジウム(Rh)濃度は0.2wt%とした。
上記(2-1)で作製した各種サイズの粒状触媒をそれぞれ円筒状カラムに充填することにより触媒層を形成した。こうして形成した触媒層に、メタンもしくは都市ガス(CH4/C2H6/C3H8/C4H10=89.5/6.0/2.8/1.6)と酸素とをO/C比が0.9から1.0の割合で含む混合ガスを、温度250℃で圧力および流速を変えて流すことにより、合成ガスを製造する実験を10回行った。実験条件を表3に示す。表3において、平均粒径dは、各粒状触媒を構成する個々の粒子の粒径を顕微鏡観察することにより測定し、その粒径範囲の算術平均値を採用した。触媒層の空隙率は実測の結果、A)の場合は0.64、B)の場合は0.6であったので、これらの値を用いてガス流速uを算出した。
表4からわかるように、Re数が20より大きい条件で運転した場合にはホットスポットが形成され、触媒の反応性能の低下が見られることがわかる。
本実施形態においては、実施形態1と同様のセル構造を有するフォーム状触媒の円筒状成形体を用いて、ラジアルフロー型反応器の触媒層ユニットを構成する。図3に示すラジアルフロー型反応器の触媒層ユニット10は、半径方向に所定の厚みを有する円筒状の触媒成形体の中心軸に当たる位置にガス供給管11が配置され、該ガス供給管を通じて供給される原料ガスと酸化ガスとの混合ガスが、該供給管の側面に形成された複数のガス透過孔から触媒層12に流入してこれを半径方向に流通し、該触媒層の外表面から合成ガスが流出するという構造をとっている。該触媒層は、10~40セル/インチ(4~16セル/cm)程度のフォーム状成形体からなる。
本実施形態においては、実施形態1と同様のセル構造を有するフォーム状触媒のプレート状(平板状)成形体を用い、そのプレート状成形体を挟むようにガス供給プレートとガス捕集プレートを設けた触媒層ユニットを用いて、当該プレート状成形体の厚み方向にガスを流し、また、そのような触媒層ユニットを複数重ねて配置して並列にガスを流すように反応器を構成した。図4は、本実施形態におけるプレート型反応器の触媒層ユニットの積層体の一部を示す断面図である。図4において、各触媒層ユニット20は、プレート状に成形されたフォーム状触媒層21と、それを上下から挟むガス透過性の不活性材料からなる断熱フォーム層22(流入側22aと流出側22b)と、それらを一体に保持する支持枠23からなる。支持枠23は、耐熱衝撃性および断熱性に優れた水平部材23aと該水平部材を支える垂直部材23bおよび23cからなる。垂直部材23bおよび23cには下に述べる間隙へのガス流入口または流出口となるスリットが形成されている。
本発明の実施において必要となる燃焼限界速度V0は、反応解析ソフト(Chemkin等)を用いて対向流火炎における吹き消え時の速度勾配(火炎伸長率:Extinction Strain Rate)K(単位s-1)を求め、この値から次の式(2)を満足するガス流速V(単位m/s)の値として求める。
K=2V/R (2)
V1=4F/πR2 (3)
R≦(8F/πK)1/3 (4)
本実施形態においては、触媒層の上流側に、低級炭化水素を含む原料ガスと酸素を含む酸化ガスとを混合する混合機構を設け、該混合機構により製造された混合ガスを実施形態1~4のいずれかの触媒層に流通させるようにして、接触部分酸化法による合成ガス製造装置を構成する。
11 ガス供給管
12 触媒層
13 断熱フォーム
20 触媒層ユニット
21 フォーム状触媒層
22 断熱フォーム層
23 支持枠
30 反応器
31 圧力計
32 熱電対
Claims (20)
- 低級炭化水素を含む原料ガスと酸素を含む酸化ガスとの混合ガスを反応器内に配置した固定床触媒層に流通させることにより水素と一酸化炭素を主成分とする合成ガスに転化することからなる、接触部分酸化法による合成ガスの製造方法において、前記触媒層入口におけるレイノルズ数が20を超えない条件で前記混合ガスを該触媒層に流通させることを特徴とする方法。
- 前記混合ガスの前記触媒層に至る供給流路におけるガス流速が、燃焼限界速度以上であるように前記条件を設定する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記混合ガスの前記触媒層の入口における温度が、前記低級炭化水素の自着火温度より低くなるように前記条件を設定する請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 前記混合ガスが、前記原料ガスと前記酸化ガスとをそれぞれ別個に混合容器内に導入して混合することにより得られたものである請求項1~3のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記低級炭化水素が、メタンである請求項1~4のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記酸化ガスが、20~99.9モル%の酸素を含む請求項1~5のいずれか記載の方法。
- 圧力容器内に固定床触媒層を配置し、該触媒層に可燃性の原料ガスと酸素を含む酸化ガスとの混合ガスを流通させるように構成された合成ガス製造用の反応器であって、該触媒層に至る該混合ガスの供給流路の相当径Rが次式を満たすことを特徴とする反応器。
R≦(8F/πK)1/3
[式中、Fは混合ガスの供給流量を表し、KはK=2V/Rで定義される速度勾配(Vは燃焼限界速度を表す。)を表し、πは円周率を表す。] - 触媒層入口におけるレイノルズ数が20以下となる反応面積を有する請求項7記載の反応器。
- 前記触媒層の触媒が多孔質モノリス状である請求項7または8記載の反応器。
- 前記触媒層が、ガス透過性を有する円筒状のガス分配管またはガス捕集管の周りに同心状に配置され、前記混合ガスが該ガス分配管から該触媒層の外表面に向かって、または該触媒層の外表面から該ガス捕集管に向かって流通するように構成されたラジアルフロー型構造を有する請求項7~9のいずれか記載の反応器。
- 前記触媒層の上流側に、前記原料ガスと前記酸化ガスとを混合する混合機構を有し、前記供給流路が、該混合機構で生成された前記混合ガスが前記ガス分配管内または前記外表面上を該触媒層に対して平行に流れるように構成された請求項10記載の反応器。
- 前記供給流路の断面積が上流から下流に向かって減少するように構成された請求項11記載の反応器。
- 前記供給流路内に消炎作用を有する構造体が配置された請求項11または12記載の反応器。
- 前記構造体がパンチ穴を有する金属プレート、金網及び多孔板からなる群より選択される請求項13記載の反応器。
- 前記触媒層が、ガス透過性を有する1組の平行平板状のガス分配板およびガス捕集板に挟まれて配置され、該混合ガスがガス分配板からガス捕集板に向かって流通するように構成されたプレート型構造を有する請求項7~9のいずれか記載の反応器。
- 複数の前記プレート型構造を有する触媒層が、ガス分配板同士またはガス捕集板同士が対向し、その間に平板状のガス流路が形成されるように並べて配置された請求項15記載の反応器。
- 前記触媒層の上流側に、前記原料ガスと前記酸化ガスとを混合する混合機構を有し、前記供給流路が、該混合機構で生成された前記混合ガスが、前記平板状のガス流路内を該触媒層に対して平行に流れるように構成された請求項16記載の反応器。
- 前記供給流路の断面積が上流から下流に向かって減少するように構成された請求項17記載の反応器。
- 前記供給流路内に消炎作用を有する構造体が配置された請求項17または18記載の反応器。
- 前記構造体がパンチ穴を有する金属プレート、金網及び多孔板からなる群より選択される請求項19記載の反応器。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017507504A JP6630721B2 (ja) | 2015-03-23 | 2016-03-23 | 合成ガスの製造方法および製造装置 |
US15/558,246 US10472235B2 (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2016-03-23 | Synthesis gas manufacturing method and synthesis gas manufacturing apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015-059106 | 2015-03-23 | ||
JP2015059106 | 2015-03-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016152151A1 true WO2016152151A1 (ja) | 2016-09-29 |
Family
ID=56978802
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2016/001657 WO2016152151A1 (ja) | 2015-03-23 | 2016-03-23 | 合成ガスの製造方法および製造装置 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10472235B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6630721B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016152151A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109603689A (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-12 | 湖南安淳高新技术有限公司 | 轴径向反应器 |
CN110893335A (zh) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-03-20 | 中国石化工程建设有限公司 | 液体酸烷基化反应器及烷基化反应方法 |
CN113769663A (zh) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-10 | 聊城鲁西甲胺化工有限公司 | 甲胺合成的固定床反应装置、合成系统及合成方法 |
CN116056785A (zh) * | 2020-07-23 | 2023-05-02 | 托普索公司 | 结构化催化剂 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001089108A (ja) * | 1999-09-28 | 2001-04-03 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 燃料改質器とその運転方法 |
JP2006021943A (ja) * | 2004-07-07 | 2006-01-26 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 水素製造装置 |
JP2010516843A (ja) * | 2007-01-19 | 2010-05-20 | ヴェロシス,インク. | マイクロチャネルプロセス技術を用いて天然ガスを分子量の高くなった炭化水素に変換するためのプロセスおよび装置 |
JP2010517916A (ja) * | 2007-02-06 | 2010-05-27 | シーティーピー ハイドロゲン コーポレーション | 電気化学システムのためのアーキテクチャ |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW527218B (en) * | 1999-03-16 | 2003-04-11 | Basf Ag | Multitube reactor, especially for catalytic gas-phase reactions |
EP1519784A2 (en) * | 2002-03-12 | 2005-04-06 | HY9 Corporation | Steam-reforming catalytic structures |
JP2005187460A (ja) | 2003-12-03 | 2005-07-14 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 不飽和アルデヒド及び不飽和カルボン酸の製造方法 |
JP4759243B2 (ja) | 2003-12-18 | 2011-08-31 | 千代田化工建設株式会社 | 合成ガス製造用触媒およびこれを用いた合成ガスの製造方法 |
JP4426879B2 (ja) | 2004-03-10 | 2010-03-03 | 株式会社コロナ | 一酸化炭素選択酸化反応装置 |
JP5435846B2 (ja) | 2007-07-30 | 2014-03-05 | 日揮株式会社 | ガス混合装置及び合成ガス製造装置 |
JP2011105523A (ja) * | 2009-11-12 | 2011-06-02 | Kao Corp | 水性ガスの製造方法 |
GB201000160D0 (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2010-02-24 | Gas2 Ltd | Apparatus for adiabatic methane conversion |
-
2016
- 2016-03-23 WO PCT/JP2016/001657 patent/WO2016152151A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-03-23 JP JP2017507504A patent/JP6630721B2/ja active Active
- 2016-03-23 US US15/558,246 patent/US10472235B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001089108A (ja) * | 1999-09-28 | 2001-04-03 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 燃料改質器とその運転方法 |
JP2006021943A (ja) * | 2004-07-07 | 2006-01-26 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 水素製造装置 |
JP2010516843A (ja) * | 2007-01-19 | 2010-05-20 | ヴェロシス,インク. | マイクロチャネルプロセス技術を用いて天然ガスを分子量の高くなった炭化水素に変換するためのプロセスおよび装置 |
JP2010517916A (ja) * | 2007-02-06 | 2010-05-27 | シーティーピー ハイドロゲン コーポレーション | 電気化学システムのためのアーキテクチャ |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110893335A (zh) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-03-20 | 中国石化工程建设有限公司 | 液体酸烷基化反应器及烷基化反应方法 |
CN109603689A (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-12 | 湖南安淳高新技术有限公司 | 轴径向反应器 |
CN109603689B (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2021-08-31 | 湖南安淳高新技术有限公司 | 轴径向反应器 |
CN116056785A (zh) * | 2020-07-23 | 2023-05-02 | 托普索公司 | 结构化催化剂 |
CN113769663A (zh) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-10 | 聊城鲁西甲胺化工有限公司 | 甲胺合成的固定床反应装置、合成系统及合成方法 |
CN113769663B (zh) * | 2021-09-17 | 2024-04-26 | 聊城鲁西甲胺化工有限公司 | 甲胺合成的固定床反应装置、合成系统及合成方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20180093886A1 (en) | 2018-04-05 |
US10472235B2 (en) | 2019-11-12 |
JPWO2016152151A1 (ja) | 2018-01-11 |
JP6630721B2 (ja) | 2020-01-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
RU2673527C2 (ru) | Паровой риформинг | |
RU2673839C2 (ru) | Каталитическая установка | |
JP5436859B2 (ja) | 反応器に挿入されるか、反応器に組み合わされる液体混合デバイス | |
WO2016152151A1 (ja) | 合成ガスの製造方法および製造装置 | |
CA2862538C (en) | Catalytically heated fuel processor with replaceable structured supports bearing catalyst for fuel cell | |
Gribovskiy et al. | Thermally autonomous microchannel reactor to produce hydrogen in steam reforming of methanol | |
Nourbakhsh et al. | Experimental and numerical study of syngas production during premixed and ultra-rich partial oxidation of methane in a porous reactor | |
Önsan et al. | Reactor design for fuel processing | |
Holladay et al. | A review of recent advances in numerical simulations of microscale fuel processor for hydrogen production | |
JP2009029680A (ja) | ガス混合装置及び合成ガス製造装置 | |
Fierro et al. | Experimental investigation of reverse flow porous medium reactor with premixed and non-premixed flames | |
Dai et al. | Enhancement of partial oxidation reformer by the free-section addition for hydrogen production | |
Chen et al. | Simulation for steam reforming of natural gas with oxygen input in a novel membrane reformer | |
Ashraf et al. | Experimental insights into the coupling of methane combustion and steam reforming in a catalytic plate reactor in transient mode | |
Bulutoglu et al. | Simulation of exhaust gas reforming of natural gas in a microchannel reactor | |
Zazhigalov et al. | Mathematical modeling of diesel autothermal reformer geometry modifications | |
Jiwanuruk et al. | Effect of flow arrangement on micro membrane reforming for H2 production from methane | |
Iaquaniello et al. | Catalytic partial oxidation coupled with membrane purification to improve resource and energy efficiency in syngas production | |
Giwa et al. | Simulation, sensitivity analysis and optimization of hydrogen production by steam reforming of methane using Aspen Plus | |
Deutschmann | Catalytic reforming of logistic fuels at high-temperatures | |
Bobrova et al. | Conversion of hydrocarbon fuels to syngas in a short contact time catalytic reactor | |
Rowshanzamir et al. | A CFD model for methane autothermal reforming on Ru/γ-Al2O3 catalyst | |
Camacho et al. | Biogas robust processing with combined catalytic reformer and trap: BioRobur Project | |
JP4837384B2 (ja) | 排熱回収部と一体な合成ガス製造用反応器 | |
JP4500628B2 (ja) | 合成ガスを製造するための反応器および合成ガスの製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16768057 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15558246 Country of ref document: US |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2017507504 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 16768057 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |