WO2016125857A1 - 点火プラグ - Google Patents
点火プラグ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016125857A1 WO2016125857A1 PCT/JP2016/053360 JP2016053360W WO2016125857A1 WO 2016125857 A1 WO2016125857 A1 WO 2016125857A1 JP 2016053360 W JP2016053360 W JP 2016053360W WO 2016125857 A1 WO2016125857 A1 WO 2016125857A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- spark plug
- electrode
- discharge
- center electrode
- case
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P23/00—Other ignition
- F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
- F02P23/045—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays using electromagnetic microwaves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/52—Sparking plugs characterised by a discharge along a surface
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/52—Generating plasma using exploding wires or spark gaps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ignition device, and more particularly, to an ignition plug used in an internal combustion engine such as a reciprocating engine or a rotary engine, and more particularly to an ignition plug having an electromagnetic resonance structure.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for expanding a flame ignited by irradiating a microwave after igniting fuel using a spark plug.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 Furthermore, the applicant has developed a spark plug using a microwave resonant structure that boosts the input microwave to generate discharge.
- this spark plug since microwaves are used as a power source, high-speed and continuous discharge can be generated, and non-equilibrium plasma can be generated at an arbitrary timing. This cannot be realized by the conventional spark plug, and the air-fuel ratio can be improved by using this new spark plug.
- the spark plug having the microwave resonance structure described above has a discharge electrode and a cylindrical case member surrounding the discharge electrode. Therefore, it may be difficult to efficiently ignite the fuel in the combustion chamber because the discharge plasma concentrates on the cylindrical portion of the plug, not in the combustion chamber.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points.
- the present invention is an ignition plug used in an internal combustion engine, which surrounds a central electrode that transmits electromagnetic waves, a discharge electrode that is attached to the tip of the center electrode, a peripheral part of the center electrode and the discharge electrode, and a tip thereof
- the case member is provided with a case member that functions as a ground electrode that is paired with the discharge electrode, and a ventilation portion that allows passage of gas is provided at a tip portion of the case member.
- the fuel in the combustion chamber can be efficiently ignited in the spark plug employing the electromagnetic resonance structure.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional front view showing a configuration of a spark plug 1.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the distal end portion of the spark plug 1
- (a) is a view of the spark plug 1 as viewed from the distal end side
- (b) is a front view of a partial cross section of the spark plug 1.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a spark plug 1 according to Embodiment 2, wherein (a) is a view of the spark plug 1 as viewed from the front end side, (b) is a partially cutaway XX cross-sectional view of (a), ) Is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX of FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of the spark plug 1.
- the spark plug 1 functions as a kind of ignition device that is inserted into a mounting port of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine such as a gasoline engine or a diesel engine and ignites fuel.
- the spark plug 1 is disposed at the center of the cylinder head in the same manner as a normal spark plug.
- the spark plug 1 is A plurality of cylinder heads may be provided in the periphery (for example, between exhaust / intake ports, between exhaust / exhaust ports, and between intake / intake ports).
- the spark plug 1 is roughly divided into an input unit 1a, a coupling unit 1b, and a resonance unit 1c.
- a microwave is input to the input unit 1a from an external circuit such as an oscillator.
- the coupling unit 1b performs impedance matching between the external circuit and the resonance unit 1c. In particular, capacitive coupling is performed for the purpose of impedance matching in the microwave frequency band.
- the resonating unit 1c has a microwave resonance structure and is divided into a resonating unit 1c that boosts microwaves.
- a discharge electrode 16 is provided at the tip of the resonance part 1c.
- the coupling portion 1 b and the resonance portion 1 c of the spark plug 1 are accommodated in the case 11, and the input portion 1 a is accommodated in the case 19.
- the case 11 also serves as a ground electrode, and the spark plug 1 is configured such that the microwave boosted by the resonance unit 1 c discharges in the gap 27 between the discharge electrode 16 and the case 11.
- the input unit 1a includes an input terminal 12 to which a coaxial cable that transmits a microwave generated by an external oscillation circuit is joined, and a first center electrode 13 that transmits the microwave input from the input terminal 12 to the tip. Provided. A dielectric 21 is provided between the first center electrode 13 and the case 11.
- 1st center electrode 13 and 2nd center electrode 14 are provided in joint part 1b.
- the second center electrode 14 has a cylindrical part 18 whose bottom is on the resonance part 1 c side, and the first central electrode 13 is inserted into the cylindrical part 18. That is, the cylindrical inner walls of the rod-shaped first central electrode 13 and the cylindrical second central electrode 14 are opposed to each other, and the microwave from the first central electrode 13 is capacitively coupled to the second central electrode 14 in this opposed portion. Is transmitted to.
- a dielectric 22 is also provided between the second center electrode 14 and the case 11.
- the impedance of the coupling part 1b is designed to be about 20 ⁇ .
- the space 18 is provided with a dielectric having a predetermined dielectric constant (for example, ceramic (alumina), steatite, silicon nitride, photobeil, fluorine resin, etc.), 18 can be disposed as a cylindrical body that can be inserted through the tube 18.
- the impedance of the coupling portion 1b is (1) the positional relationship between the inner wall of the cylindrical portion of the second central electrode 14 and the first central electrode 13 inserted into the cylindrical portion (the distance between the two electrodes or (Opposite area), (2) positional relationship between the second center electrode 14 and the case 11 (distance between the two companies and the opposing area), (3) material of the dielectric 23 filled between the second center electrode 14 and the case 11 It is determined by.
- the third center electrode 15 is provided in the resonance part 1c.
- a cylindrical dielectric 23 is provided around the tip side of the third center electrode 15.
- the dielectric 23 or the like is not provided between the rear end side of the third center electrode 15 and the case 11 and is an annular space.
- the third center electrode 15 is connected to the second center electrode 14 and transmits the microwave of the second center electrode 14 to the discharge electrode 16.
- the third center electrode 15 is designed to have a length of about a quarter wavelength of the microwave.
- the quarter wavelength of the microwave does not simply indicate the length of a quarter of the value obtained by dividing the speed of light by the frequency, but the refractive index of the third center electrode 15 or the third center electrode.
- the length of the microwave that propagates through the third center electrode 15 is substantially a quarter wavelength, taking into account the refractive index of the dielectric 23 that is the adjacent member 15.
- the third center electrode It can be said that the length of 15 corresponds to a quarter wavelength of the microwave.
- the design is such that the microwave node is located on the rear end side of the third central electrode 15 and the antinode of the microwave is on the front end side, it is arranged on the front end side of the third central electrode 15.
- the potential of the discharge electrode 16 can be increased, and a high voltage can be generated between the discharge electrode 16 and the case 11 to cause discharge in the gap 27.
- the reactance component L is mainly defined by the coil component of the third center electrode 15, and the capacitance component C is a capacitance mainly formed by the third center electrode 15, the discharge electrode 16 and the case 11. It is considered that Specifically, (1) the shape and size of the discharge electrode 16 and the distance between the case 11, (2) the distance between the third center electrode 15 and the case 11, and (3) the third center electrode 15 and the case 11. It is considered that it is determined by the gap ratio (air layer) 17 provided between them, the length ratio of the dielectric 24, and the like.
- the resonating unit 1c is designed so that the virtual equivalent circuit defined by L and C resonates in the microwave frequency band.
- the spark plug 1 generates the voltage Vc3 higher than the power supply voltage (the microwave voltage V1 input to the spark plug 1) by the boosting method using the resonator. As a result, discharge occurs between the discharge electrode 16 and the ground electrode (case 11). When the discharge voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage of the gas molecules in the vicinity, electrons are emitted from the gas molecules, non-equilibrium plasma is generated, and the fuel is ignited.
- the case 11 and the center electrodes 12, 13, and 14 can be made of a conductive metal such as tungsten, molybdenum, brass, stainless steel (SUS), yellow tantalum, and beryllium copper.
- a conductive metal such as tungsten, molybdenum, brass, stainless steel (SUS), yellow tantalum, and beryllium copper.
- the same material for example, tungsten may be used for all these members, or may be appropriately used depending on the application. However, whatever material is used, it belongs to the category of the present invention.
- the dielectrics 21, 22, and 23 can be made of ceramic (alumina), steatite, silicon nitride, or the like.
- a slit 31 is formed on the tip end side of the case 11.
- the slit 31 functions as a ventilation part that allows passage of gas.
- the air flow (swirl flow) in the combustion chamber enters the gap 27 through the slit 31 and exits from the tip side of the gap 27 to the combustion chamber side.
- a large amount of oxygen can be sent to the discharge part, so that the discharge between the case 11 and the third center electrode 15 easily occurs and the combustion characteristics are also improved.
- the discharge plasma is prevented from staying in the gap 27 between the discharge electrode 16 and the cylindrical case 11, and the discharge plasma is sent to the combustion chamber side. be able to. Thereby, the ignition characteristic in a combustion chamber can also be improved.
- the spark plug 1 can also be used with a rotary engine.
- the ignition characteristics can be improved as in the case of the swirl flow of the reciprocating engine described above.
- the slit is provided to create an air flow from the spark plug 1 toward the center (inside) of the combustion chamber. This problem can be solved.
- the electrical characteristics (Q value) of the spark plug 1 can be improved by providing a slit.
- the Q value of a resonator is defined by the square root of (L / C).
- providing a slit is equivalent to reducing the capacitor electrode area on the ground electrode side. It is to connect.
- the spark plug 1 uses a frequency in the 2.45 GHz band, the capacity of the capacitor is small, and the spark plug 1 is advantageous for downsizing. Further, as a result of adopting the boosting method, only the vicinity of the discharge electrode 16 of the spark plug 1 has a high potential, which is excellent in terms of isolation. In these respects, the ignition device of the present invention is superior to a conventional ignition device having a resonance structure (for example, Patent Document 5).
- the ignition device targeted by the present invention is not limited to the ignition plug 1 described above, and may be other modes as long as the ignition device adopts an electromagnetic resonance structure.
- the spark plug 1 is operated by microwaves, the spark plug 1 may use electromagnetic waves having other bands.
- a ventilation hole 32 as shown in FIG. 3 may be used instead of the slit of FIG.
- the front end side of the case 11 may be further exposed to the combustion chamber side than the discharge electrode 16.
- the electric field can be more concentrated on the distal end side, and the plasma can be more effectively delivered into the combustion chamber in combination with the effect of the airflow generated by the vent.
- FIG. 4 shows an ignition device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the ignition device is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the shape of the discharge electrode 16 and the shape of the slit 31 formed at the tip of the case (ground electrode) 11 are different, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the discharge electrode 16 of the spark plug 1 is circular, unlike the elliptical shape shown in the first embodiment, so that the axis of the circular tip of the case 11 serving as the ground electrode coincides with the axis. As a result, the gap between the discharge electrode 16 and the case 11 serving as the ground electrode becomes uniform. Then, by setting the distance of the gap to an appropriate dischargeable distance, discharge is randomly generated at any location on the circumference where the case 11 serving as the ground electrode is not cut. Since the discharge locations are random, the discharge locations of the discharge electrode 16 and the tip portion of the case 11 are not concentrated at one location, so that wear and melting damage is effectively prevented.
- the tip of the case 11 adjacent to the slit 31 functions as a ground electrode, but causes a cooling loss that takes away the heat of the plasma generated by the discharge. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the area where the installation electrode hits the plasma within a range in which the size that functions as the ground electrode can be ensured. It has been found that it is a preferable range to reduce the cooling loss.
- a flange projecting inward can be formed on the inner peripheral surface of the circular tip of the case 11 serving as the ground electrode, as shown in FIG.
- the electric field concentration portion discharge portion
- the collar part which protrudes inside can be made into the taper shape which expands toward inner side from the inner side seeing in an axial direction.
- the tip end side can be made an electric field concentration portion.
- the spark plug of the present invention it is possible to cause dielectric breakdown (discharge) only by electromagnetic waves, and in particular, a ventilation portion that allows gas to pass through the tip of the case member that functions as a ground electrode. By providing this, the fuel in the combustion chamber can be ignited efficiently. As a result, the spark plug of the present invention can be widely used in automobiles, airplanes, ships and the like as internal combustion engines.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、点火プラグ1の構成を示す図である。この点火プラグ1は、ガソリンエンジン、ディーゼルエンジン等の内燃機関のシリンダヘッドの取付口に挿入され、燃料を点火する、一種の点火装置として機能する。点火プラグ1は、通常のスパークプラグと同様、シリンダヘッドの中心部に配置される。又、火炎伝播距離、初期燃焼期間、主燃焼期間等の短縮を目的とした多点点火のための補助点火装置として用いる場合(例えば、本出願人による特許文献4参照)、点火プラグ1は、シリンダヘッドの周辺部(例えば、排気/吸気ポート間、排気/排気ポート間、吸気/吸気ポート間)に複数設けるようにしてもよい。図1を参照して、点火プラグ1は、大きくは、入力部1a、結合部1b、共振部1cに分かれる。入力部1aには、発振器等の外部回路からマイクロ波が入力される。結合部1bでは、外部回路と共振部1cのインピーダンス整合を行う。特にマイクロ波の周波数帯域でのインピーダンス整合を行うことを目的とした容量結合を行う。共振部1cは、マイクロ波共振構造からなり、マイクロ波の昇圧を行う共振部1cに分かれる。共振部1cの先端部には放電電極16が配備される。また、点火プラグ1の結合部1b、共振部1cはケース11に収容され、入力部1aはケース19に収容される。ケース11は、接地電極も兼ねており、点火プラグ1は、共振部1cで昇圧されたマイクロ波が、放電電極16とケース11の間の空隙27で放電を行う構成となっている。
成され、燃料が点火する。
図4に本発明の実施形態2の点火装置を示す。この点火装置は、放電電極16の形状とケース(接地電極)11の先端に形成されるスリット31の形状が異なる他は、実施形態1と同様であり、その説明を省略する。
1a 入力部
1b 結合部
1c 共振部
11 ケース(接地電極)
12 マイクロ波入力端子
13 第1中心電極
14 第2中心電極
15 第3中心電極
16 放電電極
17 空間
18 空間
19 ケース
21 誘電体
22 誘電体
23 誘電体
27 空隙
31 スリット
32 通気孔
Claims (4)
- 内燃機関で用いられる点火プラグであって、
電磁波を伝送する中心電極と、
中心電極の先端部に取り付けられる放電電極と、
中心電極及び放電電極の周辺部を包囲し、かつその先端部分が放電電極と対になる接地電極として機能するケース部材を備え、
前記ケース部材の先端部に気体の通過を許容する通気部を設けた点火プラグ。 - 前記通気部が、スリット状に形成された、請求項1に記載の点火プラグ。
- 前記通気部が、孔状に形成された、請求項1に記載の点火プラグ。
- ケース部材の先端が、放電電極よりも内燃機関の燃焼室側に露出している請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の点火プラグ。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16746688.7A EP3255743A4 (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2016-02-04 | Spark plug |
JP2016573416A JPWO2016125857A1 (ja) | 2015-02-04 | 2016-02-04 | 点火プラグ |
US15/548,615 US20180183215A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2016-02-04 | Spark plug |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015020381 | 2015-02-04 | ||
JP2015-020381 | 2015-02-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2016125857A1 true WO2016125857A1 (ja) | 2016-08-11 |
Family
ID=56564196
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2016/053360 WO2016125857A1 (ja) | 2015-02-04 | 2016-02-04 | 点火プラグ |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20180183215A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3255743A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2016125857A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016125857A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018203511A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-02 | 2018-11-08 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | エンジンの着火および燃焼促進技術 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS4936344U (ja) * | 1972-07-06 | 1974-03-30 | ||
JP2014022341A (ja) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-02-03 | Denso Corp | 点火装置 |
WO2014203873A1 (ja) * | 2013-06-18 | 2014-12-24 | イマジニアリング株式会社 | 点火プラグ及びプラズマ発生装置 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6614145B2 (en) * | 2001-08-21 | 2003-09-02 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Two-piece swaged center electrode assembly |
US7049733B2 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2006-05-23 | Federal-Mogul Worldwide, Inc. | Spark plug center electrode assembly |
DE102006043593B3 (de) * | 2006-09-16 | 2008-04-10 | Multitorch Gmbh | Zündkerze |
JP4760780B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-13 | 2011-08-31 | 株式会社デンソー | プラズマ式点火装置 |
JP2010037949A (ja) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-18 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 内燃機関用バリア放電装置 |
JP2015507331A (ja) * | 2012-01-27 | 2015-03-05 | エナーパルス,インク. | ハイパワーセミサーフェスギャッププラグ |
JP6551096B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-15 | 2019-07-31 | 株式会社デンソー | 内燃機関用のスパークプラグ |
-
2016
- 2016-02-04 WO PCT/JP2016/053360 patent/WO2016125857A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-02-04 JP JP2016573416A patent/JPWO2016125857A1/ja active Pending
- 2016-02-04 EP EP16746688.7A patent/EP3255743A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-02-04 US US15/548,615 patent/US20180183215A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS4936344U (ja) * | 1972-07-06 | 1974-03-30 | ||
JP2014022341A (ja) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-02-03 | Denso Corp | 点火装置 |
WO2014203873A1 (ja) * | 2013-06-18 | 2014-12-24 | イマジニアリング株式会社 | 点火プラグ及びプラズマ発生装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP3255743A4 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018203511A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-02 | 2018-11-08 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | エンジンの着火および燃焼促進技術 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2016125857A1 (ja) | 2017-12-28 |
EP3255743A1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
US20180183215A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
EP3255743A4 (en) | 2018-06-13 |
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