Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F17/00—Metallocenes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G61/02—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/16—Halogen-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
  • C10M125/06—Sulfur
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M127/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a non- macromolecular hydrocarbon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M131/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
  • C10M143/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing aliphatic monomer having more than 4 carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/04—Elements
  • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
  • C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
  • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
  • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2213/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2213/06—Perfluoro polymers
  • C10M2213/062—Polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines

Definitions

• the field of this invention relates to the latest technology for substantially reducing steel-to-steel wear along with eliminating the need for Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP) in motor oils as an anti-wear component.
• the composition of this invention has been shown to modify the plastic response of steel while having a positive influence on the chemical reactivity of the surfaces subjected to being worn down due to friction. Specifically, based on the tribological testing detailed in US 62/109,172, spectroscopic analysis of the wear tracks of an engine disk revealed that chemical elements like P, S, Mn, Zn, which can be from the ZDDP in the oil, were not detected. This suggests that this composition inhibits the reaction of ZDDP and renders it unnecessary for reducing wear.
• ZDDP zinc di-alkyl-di- thiophosphates
• ZDTP zinc di-thiophosphate
• bearing corrosion inhibitors were developed to protect these new bearings. There was a need to protect the bearings against both corrosive and mechanical wear, and many of these compounds served both functions.
• Compounds such as sulfurized sperm oil, organic phosphates, dithiocarbonates and dithiophosphates were experimented with to reduce premature wear.
• Lubrizol developed Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphates, which remain the most commonly-used form of ZDDP, and introduced these to the market.
• ZDDP was added to motor oils in low concentrations of less than 0.3% by volume as a bearing passivator, defined as treating or coating a metal in order to reduce the chemical reactivity of its surface.
• ZDDP was found to be a remarkably effective anti-wear agent; a true extreme-pressure (EP) additive for heavily loaded steel-on-steel sliding mechanisms such as camshafts and valve lifters or tappets.
• EP extreme-pressure
• gasoline additives US 7,931,704 et. seq.
• general purpose lubricants US 8,022,020 et. seq.
• marine lubricants US 8,334,244 et. seq.
• golf club cleaners US 8,071,522 et. seq.
• Group I base stocks contain less than 90 percent saturates and/or greater than 0.03 percent sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120 using the test methods specified in Table E-l.
• Group II base stocks contain greater than or equal to 90 percent saturates and less than or equal to 0.03 percent sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120 using the test methods specified in Table E-l.
• Group III base stocks contain greater than or equal to 90 percent saturates and less than or equal to 0.03 percent sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 120 using the test methods specified in Table E-l.
• Group IV base stocks are polyalphaolefins (PAO). PAOs can be interchanged without additional qualification testing as long as the interchange PAO meets the original PAO manufacturer's specifications in physical and chemical properties. The following key properties need to be met in the substituted stock:
• Group V base stocks include all other base stocks not included in Group I, II, III, or
• An additive and related method for modifying the plastic response of steel comprising: polymerized alpha olefins; hydroisomerized hydro-treated severe hydrocracked base oil; and optionally, synthetic sulfonates.
• the additive may be a replacement for ZDDP in motor oils; and (4)
• the additive was found to modify the plastic response of the investigated steel and to influence the chemical reactivity of the worn surfaces. Although testing was not conducted to establish the coefficient of friction, as this will be concluded at a later time, previous testing supports that the friction is reduced.
• This invention is for a synthetic lubricant additive that can be added at various ratios to provide the need protect against steel-to-steel wear or between bearing and steel surfaces, as well as related method of manufacturing this additive and related methods of its use. Further, this additive can be added to synthetic, synthetic blends and non- synthetic motor oils (motor oils in all of Groups I through V) to provide them with the anti-wear protection necessary in today's high speed and low speed gasoline and diesel motor oils. Further the invention allows steel under extreme pressure to yield or to respond to plastic deformation without the fracturing of the metal surface.
• the additive incorporates the use of polymerized alpha olefins (PAO); hydroisomerized hydro- treated severe hydrocracked base oil; and optionally, synthetic sulfonates. Further, one can optionally employ vacuum distilled non aromatic solvents and liquefied polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and when combined into the additive a specific sequence, this forms a finished product that exceeds the metal-protecting capability and benefits of ZDDP while providing an environmentally-friendly replacement. Further this product provides protection against steel -to-steel contact while positively influencing the chemical reactivity of worn metal surfaces. Further this product in independent testing reported in pending provisional application US 62/109,172 has demonstrated the ability to modify the plastic response of steel placed under extreme pressure.
• PAO polymerized alpha olefins
• PTFE liquefied polytetrafluoroethylene
• the ingredients of this additive when blended in a very specific sequence under specific conditions will provide a lubricant that has shown its ability to replace the need for ZDDP as an anti-wear agent in motors oils.
• the blending is a combination of accurately-controlled sheering and homogenization of the compounds resulting in a long-term stable blend.
• simple purification or physical separation, such as distillation or freezing does not constitute synthesis, in the manner, for example, of making synthetic Group III and Group IV from crude oil via a chemical reaction.
• the finished product is a combination of:
• liquefied polytetrafluoroethylene comprising a stable aqueous disbursement
• Synthetic lubricants have been successfully used for some time. They have the ability to offer very-high- viscosity index, low volatility, superior oxidation resistance, high thermal stability, excellent temperature fluidity and low toxicity to the environment. These characteristics in a finished lubricant are very important in modern high-speed and high-horsepower engines. Further these characteristics benefit the long term goals of being less toxic to the environment while providing maximum protection for automotive components.
• This synthetic lubricant when tested has demonstrated the ability to provide and exceed the anti-wear protection currently provided by the inclusion of ZDDP in motor oils.
• the synthetic lubricant can provide the necessary anti-wear in automotive, diesel and marine motor oil, but without the environmental impact of ZDDP. It has the ability to blend with, and be effective with, all of Group I, II, III, IV and Group base oils.
• a motor oil selected from the motor oil group consisting of Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V motor oils
• a motor oil additive comprising alpha-olefins and hydroisomerized hydro-treated severe hydrocracked base oil
• ZDDP omitted from the chemical constituents of
• Polymerized alpha-olefins (P AO): It is preferred that these comprise from 20% to 60% by volume. It is most preferred that these comprise approximately 55% by volume.
• AO alpha-olefins
• mPAO metallocene poly-alpha-olefins
• V Hydroisomerized high viscosity index
• HT hydro-treated severe hydro-cracked base oils
• these base oils have a viscosity grade 32.
• One may also use can also saturated hydrocarbons, process oil and hydraulic oil for this base oil.
• Synthetic sulfonates are preferred, albeit optional ingredients. It is preferred that when used these comprise from 0.05% to 10% by volume. It is most preferred that these comprise approximately 3% by volume. It is preferred that these synthetic sulfonates comprise a total base number (TBN) from 200 to 600. It is most preferred that these comprise a 300 TBN. One may also use thixotropic calcium sulfonates.
• Vacuum Distilled Low-Viscosity and Low-Aromatic Solvents Often referred to as aliphatic or mineral spirits, these are optional ingredients. It is preferred that when used, these comprise from 10% to 40% by volume. It is most preferred that these comprise approximately 21.5% by volume. The low-aromatic range is preferred to be less than 0.5% aromatic.
• these solvents have a VOC Exemption, defined by the California Air Resources Board as including those compounds "not expected to meaningfully contribute to ozone formation due to their low reactivity in the atmosphere.”
• VOC Exemption defined by the California Air Resources Board as including those compounds "not expected to meaningfully contribute to ozone formation due to their low reactivity in the atmosphere.”
• the envisioned low viscosity is in the approximate range of 40C mm2/s (ASTM D 445) and viscosity at 25C cSt 2.60 and at 40C cSt 1.98 (ASTM D 445).
• PTFE Liquefied Polytetrafluoroethylene
• the alpha olefins, and the base oils are blended until the liquid is a consistent amalgamation without any appearance of separation, to yield a first blend.
• Blending is based on speed of the agitator, and temperature will dictate the amount of time for the blend to complete. The blending time range may vary from 4 to 6 hours. The ideal temperature for each component is between 22 to 30 degrees centigrade for optimum blending.
• the vacuum distilled non-aromatic solvent and synthetic sulfonates are blended together to yield a second blend. This second blend may be prepared in a much smaller, high-speed, enclosed blender. This second blend is then added to the first blend.
• first and second blends are finally blended together with the PTFE.
• the first and second blends are blended with additional low- aromatic aliphatic solvents to produce a third blend. Then, if PTFE is used, all of the foregoing is blended together with the PTFE.
• This third blend or the mineral spirits alone absent the synthetic sulfonates, together with the balance of the ingredients, added to the first blend and the agitator is run until the components appear to have thoroughly blended into a consistent liquid.
• the product is sheered by a high speed sheering pump until the product is consistent.
• the sheering provides a stable flow viscosity exhibiting Newtonian behavior and greatly enhances the shelf life when there are substantial differences in specific gravity of each component.
• Blending equipment can be by a combination of high- or low-speed blending apparatus.
• the size or volume of the tank is not critical to the blend.
• Sheering equipment should have a range of 60 to 5200 cycles per second with a typical speed of 3600 cycle per second and be capable of making stable emulsions of products with oil ingredients providing liquid suspensions and dispersions without aeration.
• This motor additive is then combined with a motor oil selected from the motor oil group consisting of Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V motor oils, without the use of ZDDP of ZDTP, to provide an environmentally-improved motor oil blend for properly lubricating components of an engine and favorably modifying a plastic response of components of the engine.
• the preferred blend ratio is from 85% to 95% by volume of motor oil, and from 5% to 15% by volume of the motor oil additive.
• the motor oil and the additive are combined together, and this combination is then simply mixed with a high-speed blender before being packaged.
• a high-speed blender Given the chemical characteristics of motor oil and of the additive, there should be minimal or no separation thereafter while the packaged blend is maintained on a shelf, i.e., the blend should remain homogeneous for whatever shelf-life the motor oil blend may have before it is poured by a user into an engine.
• the overall combination of the motor oil with the lubricant depending upon the viscosity of the host motor oil without ZDDP or ZDTP, will have the following characteristics: 1) For some selected temperatures: 100°C, kinematic viscosity 1.7 to 102.0; 40°C, kinematic viscosity 5.4 to 1350; -40°C; kinematic viscosity 2,704 to 35,509. 2) Viscosity index: 90 to 200. 3) NOACK Volatility 0.6 to 99.5. 4) Pour point up to -20 to -61C. Again, these ranges are dependent on the viscosity of the host oil. Finally, 5) the POA (or AO or mPAO) base should have a PAO Unsaturates viscosity grade from PAO-2 to PAO-100.
• the base combination of alpha-olefins and hydroisomerized hydro-treated severe hydrocracked base oil can serve as a replacement for environmentally- undesirable chemicals not only in motor oils, but in other lubricating / anti-wear agents and applications including, but not limited to:

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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