WO2016119694A1 - 电池保护电路、电能提供装置与电子装置 - Google Patents

电池保护电路、电能提供装置与电子装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016119694A1
WO2016119694A1 PCT/CN2016/072276 CN2016072276W WO2016119694A1 WO 2016119694 A1 WO2016119694 A1 WO 2016119694A1 CN 2016072276 W CN2016072276 W CN 2016072276W WO 2016119694 A1 WO2016119694 A1 WO 2016119694A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
chip
battery protection
positive
control switch
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PCT/CN2016/072276
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李东声
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天地融科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2016119694A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016119694A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power protection technologies, and in particular, to a battery protection circuit, an electrical energy supply device, and an electronic device.
  • Rechargeable batteries are one of the most widely used ones.
  • mobile terminals such as smart phones and tablet computers mostly use rechargeable batteries as power sources.
  • the protection circuit of the rechargeable battery differs in circuit and parameters due to the different protection chips used by the protection chip and the battery, but the protection principle is similar.
  • the commonly used rechargeable battery protection chips include: Seiko's S-8241 series, Japan MITSUMI MM3061 series, Taiwan's Fujing's FS312 and FS313 series, Taiwan's analog technology AAT8632 series, DW01+, etc., the working principle is similar, but the specific parameters are different.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a prior art battery protection circuit.
  • any of the rechargeable battery protection chips described above may be used, and two N-channel MOS transistors of D1 and D2 function as a discharge protection switch and a charging protection switch.
  • the rechargeable battery outputs electrical energy from both ends of the EB+ and EB-.
  • the charging power supply is connected between EB+ and EB-.
  • the Cout pin output signal of the battery protection chip turns off the N-channel MOS transistor of D2, and the rechargeable battery stops charging, preventing The rechargeable battery is damaged due to overcharging.
  • the Dout pin output signal of the rechargeable battery protection chip turns off the N-channel MOS transistor of D1, and the rechargeable battery stops discharging, thereby preventing the rechargeable battery from being damaged due to over-discharge.
  • the Vm pin of the rechargeable battery protection chip is a current sensing input pin.
  • the conduction voltage drop of D1 and D2 increases sharply, the voltage detected by the Vm pin rises, and the Dout of the rechargeable battery
  • the pin outputs a protection signal that turns off D1 and D2 to prevent overcurrent or short circuit of the rechargeable battery.
  • the above battery protection circuit can realize the protection functions of overcharge, over discharge and overcurrent of the rechargeable battery, effectively protecting the battery from damage due to improper use, but the positive power input pin Vdd and the negative power input pin Vss of the rechargeable battery protection chip Connecting to the positive and negative terminals of the battery respectively will cause the battery to consume 0.1 microamperes even in the non-powered state. Although the power consumption is small, the long-term accumulation in the unused state will still cause the battery to be over-discharged. Lead to retirement. Moreover, since the existing battery protection circuit is generally integrated inside the battery, even if the battery is taken out of the power device and left idle, the battery will be over-discharged.
  • the prior art solution is to periodically charge the rechargeable battery even when it is not used for a long time, so as to prevent the rechargeable battery from being over-discharged, thereby causing inconvenience to the user.
  • the present invention has been made in order to provide a battery protection circuit, an electric power supply device, and an electronic device that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.
  • a further object of the present invention is to prevent the rechargeable battery from being discarded after being left for a long time.
  • Another further object of the invention is to make the protection parameter settings of the battery protection circuit more flexible.
  • Another further object of the present invention is to save power management costs for external electrical components.
  • the present invention provides a battery protection circuit.
  • the battery protection circuit is externally connected to the battery, and comprises a battery protection chip for providing a protection control signal for the battery, the battery protection chip has at least a chip positive power input pin, and further the battery protection circuit further comprises: a chip control switch disposed on the chip Between the positive power input pin and the positive pole of the battery, and configured to be controlled to be in an on state or an off state; and the chip control switch is in an on state, the positive power input pin of the chip is connected to the positive pole of the battery, so that the battery
  • the protection chip works, the chip control switch is in the off state, and the connection between the positive power input pin of the battery protection chip and the positive electrode of the battery is disconnected, so that the battery protection chip stops working.
  • the chip control switch is an electronic switch, comprising: a first connection end configured to be connected to the positive pole of the battery, and a second connection end configured to be connected to the positive power input pin of the chip of the battery protection chip; and the control end, It is configured to receive a battery usage signal from the outside, and to turn on or off the connection between the first connection end and the second connection end under the control of the battery usage signal.
  • the chip control switch comprises: a first P-channel MOS transistor having a source serving as a first connection terminal of the chip control switch, a drain serving as a second connection terminal of the chip control switch, and a gate serving as a gate The control terminal of the chip control switch; and the first pull-up resistor are connected between the control terminal of the chip control switch and the positive terminal of the battery.
  • the battery protection circuit further includes: a positive output terminal and a negative output terminal for outputting power of the battery to the outside.
  • the battery protection chip further has a discharge control pin; the battery protection chip is further configured to: when the working voltage obtained by the positive power input pin of the chip is less than or equal to a predetermined over-discharge voltage threshold, pass the discharge control tube The foot outputs a first protection control signal that prevents the battery from being over-discharged, and/or a second protection control signal that prevents over-current of the battery through the discharge control pin when the discharge current of the battery is greater than or equal to a preset discharge current threshold.
  • the battery protection circuit further includes: a discharge control switch connected between the positive pole and the positive output end of the battery, and configured to cut off the positive and positive output terminals of the battery according to the first protection control signal or the second protection control signal Connection.
  • the discharge control switch comprises: a first connection end configured to be connected to the positive pole of the battery, a second connection end configured to be connected to the positive output end, and a control end configured to be connected to the discharge control pin and passed
  • the received first protection control signal or the second protection control signal turns off the connection between the first connection end of the discharge control switch and the second connection end of the discharge control switch.
  • the discharge control switch comprises: a second P-channel MOS transistor having a source serving as a first connection end of the discharge control switch, a drain serving as a second connection end of the discharge control switch; and an N-channel MOS transistor
  • the gate is used as a control terminal of the discharge control switch, the drain thereof is connected to the gate of the second P-channel MOS transistor, the source thereof is configured to be connected to the negative output terminal, and the second pull-up resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the battery.
  • the drain of the N-channel MOS transistor is used as a control terminal of the discharge control switch, the drain thereof is connected to the gate of the second P-channel MOS transistor, the source thereof is configured to be connected to the negative output terminal, and the second pull-up resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the battery.
  • the battery protection circuit further includes: a current detecting component connected between the negative pole of the battery and the negative output terminal, and configured to detect a discharge current of the battery; the battery protection chip further has a current sensing input tube The pin, the current sense input pin is connected to the current detecting component.
  • the current detecting component comprises: a sampling resistor, one end is connected to the negative pole of the battery, and the other end is configured to be connected to the negative output end; and the current sensing input pin is connected to the negative output terminal to detect the battery through the voltage drop across the sampling resistor. The size of the discharge current.
  • the current detecting component further includes: a current limiting resistor connected in series between the negative output terminal and the current sensing input pin; and a capacitor connected in parallel with the current limiting resistor.
  • the battery protection chip further has a charging control pin, and the charging control pin is suspended.
  • an electric power supply device includes: a battery; any battery protection circuit externally connected to the battery, configured to provide a protection control signal to the battery, and controllably output the battery through the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal thereof Electrical energy.
  • the battery is a lithium ion rechargeable battery.
  • an electronic device includes an electrical component, and further comprising: the electrical energy providing device configured to provide electrical energy to the electrical component in a controlled manner.
  • the electronic device further includes: an electric control device configured to provide a battery usage signal to the chip control switch in the power supply device, so that the chip control switch is controlled to be in an on state or an off state.
  • an electric control device configured to provide a battery usage signal to the chip control switch in the power supply device, so that the chip control switch is controlled to be in an on state or an off state.
  • the battery protection circuit of the present invention provides a chip control switch between the positive power input pin of the battery protection chip and the positive electrode of the battery, and between the positive power input pin of the chip and the positive electrode of the battery when the battery is not working.
  • the electrical connection is disconnected, the power supply to the battery protection chip is cut off, and the battery overdischarge caused by the weak power consumption of the battery protection chip is avoided, the battery life is prolonged, and the battery is prevented from being damaged.
  • the discharge control switch is disposed on the positive and positive output ports of the battery.
  • the discharge control switch remains disconnected, and the electrical connection between the battery and the external circuit can be disconnected, thereby avoiding the setting of a dedicated power management circuit for the external electrical components, thereby saving power management costs.
  • the current detecting component is disposed between the negative pole of the battery and the ground of the electrical component, and the detection parameter can be flexibly adjusted, and the discharge can be adjusted only by changing the resistance of the sampling resistor.
  • the current threshold increases the flexibility of the battery protection circuit.
  • the current rechargeable battery is basically provided with a charging IC (Integrated Circuit)
  • the charging IC can completely control the magnitude of the charging current and prevent overcharging. Therefore, the battery protection circuit of the present invention cancels the overcharging. Protection prevents redundant design of the circuit.
  • the battery protection circuit of the present invention is separately provided separately from the battery, and can be applied to a power supply device and an electronic device that are not detachable from the battery, and is activated only when power is required, and can directly cut off the electrical connection between the battery and the electrical component. When the battery is not in use, the power consumption of the battery is completely avoided.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a prior art battery protection circuit
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a battery protection circuit in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of a battery protection circuit in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a battery protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery protection circuit generally includes a battery protection chip 120 and a chip control switch 110, wherein the battery protection chip 120 is used for a battery.
  • the 100 provides various protection control signals (such as an over-discharge protection signal and an over-current protection signal), and the battery protection chip 120 can be selected according to the voltage and power requirements of the battery, such as the Seiko S-8241 series chip mentioned in the background art.
  • a multi-chip with an over-discharge voltage threshold of 2.0V to 3.0V and an advanced unit of 100mV is provided, while the over-discharge voltage threshold of the DW01+ chip is 2.3V.
  • These battery protection chips 120 have at least a chip positive power input pin Vdd.
  • the power supply of the battery protection chip 120 passes through the chip positive power supply
  • the input pin Vdd is input, and when the chip positive power input pin Vdd has no power input, the battery protection chip 120 stops working.
  • the chip control switch 110 is disposed between the positive power input pin Vdd of the chip and the positive terminal of the battery 100, and the chip control switch 110 can be controlled to be in an on state or an off state.
  • the negative power input pin Vss of the battery protection chip 120 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery 100.
  • the battery protection circuit of the embodiment can be selectively disposed outside the battery, that is, the battery protection circuit and the battery protected by the battery protection circuit are separately disposed, and the battery protection circuit can be externally connected to the battery through the interface, so that the chip control switch 110 is facilitated.
  • the battery usage signal is obtained from the outside and is controlled to be turned on and off, satisfying the requirement that the battery is fixedly disposed inside the electronic device.
  • the chip control switch 110 When the chip control switch 110 is in the on state, the chip positive power input pin Vdd of the battery protection chip 120 is connected to the positive pole of the battery 100, the working power is input to the battery protection chip 120, and the battery protection chip 120 operates to provide the battery 100. Protection signals such as discharge and overcurrent.
  • the chip control switch 110 When the chip control switch 110 is in the off state, the connection between the chip positive power input pin Vdd of the battery protection chip 120 and the positive terminal of the battery 100 is disconnected, and the chip positive power input pin Vdd has no power input, so that the battery protection chip 120 stops working and, therefore, does not cause any consumption of power to the battery 100.
  • the long-term accumulation of power consumption of the battery protection chip 120 may cause the battery to be over-discharged, and further shorten the battery life or even damage the battery.
  • the battery protection circuit provided by the embodiment when the battery is not working, the connection between the positive power input pin Vdd of the battery protection chip 120 and the positive electrode of the battery 100 is disconnected, so that the battery protection chip 120 stops power consumption, so that the battery 100 remains.
  • the power when the battery 100 is not used for a long time, will not affect the battery life due to over-discharge.
  • the chip control switch 110 may select an electronic switch, and the electronic switch may select a controllable semiconductor device such as a MOS transistor or a transistor, and at least includes: a first connection end, a second connection end, and a control end.
  • a controllable semiconductor device such as a MOS transistor or a transistor
  • the first connection end of the chip control switch 110 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery 100, and the second connection end of the chip control switch 110 is connected to the chip positive power input pin Vdd of the battery protection chip 120.
  • the on and off states of the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal are controlled by signals received by the control terminal of the chip control switch 110.
  • the control terminal of the chip control switch 110 can receive a battery usage signal from the external control port EN.
  • the receiving end of the chip control switch 110 controls the first connection end of the chip control switch 110 to communicate with the second connection end of the chip control switch 110 to receive the chip of the battery protection chip 120.
  • the positive power input pin Vdd is connected to the positive electrode of the battery 100, and the battery protection chip 120 is powered, and the protection function is started.
  • the battery usage signal can be linked with the power-on signal of the external circuit. For example, the user simultaneously generates a battery usage signal for starting the battery to supply power to the battery, so that the battery 100 supplies power to the battery protection chip 120, and the battery protection chip 120 starts to work.
  • the battery is used to stop the battery from being powered out or not received.
  • the chip control switch 110 is kept in an off state to prevent the battery protection chip 120 from consuming power.
  • the discharge protection portion of the battery protection chip 120 is modified.
  • the battery protection circuit is further provided with a positive output terminal P+ and a negative output terminal P- to output the power of the battery to the outside.
  • the positive output terminal P+ is used to connect the positive electrode of the battery 100 to the power line of the powered device
  • the negative output terminal P- is used to connect the negative electrode of the battery 100 to the ground of the powered device.
  • the battery 100 discharge voltage can also be detected by the chip positive power input pin Vdd of the battery protection chip 120.
  • the voltage between the chip positive power input pin Vdd of the battery protection chip 120 and the chip negative power input pin Vss can be regarded as the discharge voltage of the battery 100.
  • the discharge control pin Dout of the battery protection chip 120 can output a protection signal according to the discharge state of the battery 100. For example, when the operating voltage obtained by the chip positive power input pin Vdd is less than or equal to a predetermined over-discharge voltage threshold, the discharge control pin Dout of the battery protection chip 120 outputs a first protection control signal for preventing the battery from being over-discharged (ie, Over-discharge protection control signal). As previously mentioned, the above overdischarge voltage threshold is determined by the type of battery protection chip 120.
  • the discharge control pin Dout of the battery protection chip 120 can also output a second protection control signal (ie, an overcurrent protection control signal) for preventing overcurrent of the battery when the discharge current of the battery is greater than or equal to a preset discharge current threshold.
  • a second protection control signal ie, an overcurrent protection control signal
  • the discharge control pin Dout of the battery protection chip 120 can output an over-discharge protection control signal and an over-current protection control signal when an abnormality occurs in the battery discharge.
  • the battery protection circuit may also be provided with a discharge control switch 130.
  • the discharge control switch 130 is connected between the positive pole of the battery and the positive output terminal P+, and is configured to cut off the positive and positive output terminals P+ of the battery 100 according to the over-discharge protection control signal or the over-current protection control signal outputted by the discharge control pin Dout. Connection. That is, in this alternative embodiment, the discharge control switch 130 is turned off to stop the battery 100 from being supplied to the outside when the battery discharge is abnormal, and the protection of the battery 100 is achieved.
  • the discharge control switch 130 is disposed between the positive pole of the battery 100 and the positive output terminal P+ of the external power supply, and directly cuts off the battery 100 when it is in an open state.
  • the connection between the positive electrode and the external electrical component eliminates the need for external power components to repeatedly set the power management circuit, saving the cost of power management.
  • the control logic of the battery protection chip 120 is: after the positive power input pin Vdd is connected to the positive electrode of the battery 100, the working state is entered, and the discharge control pin Dout inputs a control signal to cause the discharge control switch 130 to communicate.
  • the positive electrode 100 of the battery is connected to the positive output terminal P+ to supply power normally.
  • the discharge control pin Dout inputs a protection control signal to disconnect the discharge control switch 130, and directly cuts off the power supply 100 and connects.
  • the positive output terminal P+ is connected to realize the protection function of the battery 100.
  • the discharge control switch 130 may generally include a first connection end, a second connection end, and a control end.
  • the first connection end of the discharge control switch 130 is connected to the positive pole of the battery 100
  • the second connection end of the discharge control switch 130 is connected to the positive output terminal P+
  • the control end of the discharge control switch 130 is connected to the discharge control pin Dout.
  • Discharge control The control end of the switch 130 controls the first connection end and the second control end of the discharge control switch 130 to be in an on state or an off state according to the received signal, and receives overdischarge protection at the control end of the discharge control switch 130.
  • the control signal or the overcurrent protection control signal is received, the first connection terminal and the second control terminal of the discharge control switch 130 are controlled to remain in the off state.
  • the setting current detecting part 140 can also be added.
  • the current detecting part 140 can detect the magnitude of the discharge current of the battery 100 and supply a voltage signal corresponding to the magnitude of the discharge current to the current sense input tube Vm of the battery protection chip 120.
  • the current detecting component 140 is connected between the negative electrode and the negative output terminal P- of the battery 100, and converts the magnitude of the discharge current into a corresponding voltage signal, which is supplied to the current sensing input pin. Vm, for the battery protection chip 120 to determine whether the battery 100 is overcurrent.
  • the discharge current detection is performed by using the ON voltage drop of the MOS transistor, the ratio of the current and the voltage of the current detecting component 140 of the present embodiment is adjustable, so that the discharge current threshold of the battery 100 can be adjusted, thereby improving Battery protection flexibility.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of a battery protection circuit according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the positive circuit symbol of the battery 100 is denoted as VBAT
  • the chip U1 serves as the battery protection chip 120
  • the chip U1 The first pin is the discharge control pin Dout
  • the second pin is the current sense input tube Vm
  • the third pin is the charge control pin Cout
  • the fifth pin is the positive power input pin Vdd
  • the sixth pin is Negative power input pin Vss.
  • the negative power input pin Vss is connected to the negative terminal of the battery 100.
  • the first capacitor C1 acts as a decoupling capacitor and is connected in parallel to both ends of the battery 100 to filter out ripples and keep the voltage stable.
  • the first P-channel MOS transistor Q1 and the first pull-up resistor R1 constitute a chip control switch 110, the source of Q1 is used as the first connection terminal of the chip control switch 110, and the drain of Q1 is used as the second of the chip control switch 110.
  • the gate of Q1 serves as the control terminal of the chip control switch 110.
  • R1 is connected between the control terminal of the chip control switch 110 and the positive terminal of the battery 100.
  • the external control port EN When the battery 100 is not in the discharged state, the external control port EN has no signal input or a high level signal. Due to the pull-up of the first pull-up resistor R1, the gate of Q1 is at a high level, and the drain and source of Q1 are disconnected. The positive power input pin Vdd has no power input, and U1 stops working, so that no power of the battery 100 is consumed.
  • the external control port EN When the battery 100 is externally powered, the external control port EN receives a low battery usage signal (the low battery usage signal can be provided by an external electronic device or provided by a grounded manual switch), Q1 is turned on, Q1 The drain and the source are connected, the positive power input pin Vdd is connected to the VBAT, and the chip U1 is powered on.
  • the battery 100 When the battery 100 is in a discharged state, it is necessary to keep the external control port EN maintained at a low level.
  • the second P-channel MOS transistor Q3, the N-channel MOS transistor Q2, and the second The pull resistor R4 constitutes the discharge control switch 130.
  • the source of Q3 is used as the first connection terminal of the discharge control switch 130, and the positive electrode VBAT of the battery 100 is connected, and the drain of Q3 is used as the second connection terminal of the discharge control switch 130, and is connected to the positive output terminal P+.
  • the gate of Q2 serves as the control terminal of the discharge control switch 130, and is connected to the discharge control pin Dout of the chip U1.
  • the drain of Q2 is connected to the gate of Q3, and the source of Q2 is connected to the anode output terminal P-.
  • R4 is connected between the positive electrodes VBAT of battery 100 and the drain of Q2.
  • the discharge control pin Dout of the chip U1 When the battery 100 is not powered out, the discharge control pin Dout of the chip U1 has no output, and the source and gate of the Q3 are kept disconnected due to the pull-up of R4. Therefore, the positive electrode VBAT of the battery 100 is kept disconnected from the positive output terminal P+, and the battery 100 is guaranteed to have no power consumption. Further, in the non-discharged state of the battery 100, the positive electrode of the battery 100 does not have any electrical connection with the external circuit.
  • the discharge control pin Dout of the chip U1 When the battery 100 is normally powered outward, the discharge control pin Dout of the chip U1 outputs a high level, Q2 is turned on, and its source and drain are in an on state. Thus the source of Q2 is pulled low, causing Q3 to turn on.
  • the positive electrode VBAT of the battery 100 and the positive output terminal P+ are kept conductive, so that the battery 100 can be powered outward.
  • the discharge control pin Dout of the chip U1 outputs a low level, the source of the Q2. And the drain is in the off state. Due to the pull-up effect of R4, the source and the gate of Q3 are in an off state, so that the positive VBAT of the battery 100 is disconnected from the positive output terminal P+, and the electrical connection between the positive electrode and the outside of the battery 100 is cut off, thereby realizing the battery 100.
  • the sampling resistor R2, the current limiting resistor R3, and the capacitor C2 constitute a current detecting part 140.
  • One end of the sampling resistor R2 is connected to the negative pole of the battery, and the other end is connected to the negative output terminal P-.
  • the current flowing into the negative electrode of battery 100 causes a voltage drop across R2.
  • the chip U1 can determine the discharge current of the battery 100 by detecting the voltage difference between the Vm pin and the Vss pin. When the voltage difference exceeds the predetermined overcurrent detection voltage threshold of the chip U1, the chip U1 starts overcurrent protection, and its discharge control pin Dout outputs a low level, and the source and drain of Q2 are turned off.
  • R4 is used to disconnect the source and the gate of Q3, so that the positive electrode VBAT of the battery 100 is disconnected from the positive output terminal P+, and the electrical connection between the positive electrode and the external battery 100 is cut off, thereby achieving overcurrent of the battery 100.
  • Protective function is used to disconnect the source and the gate of Q3, so that the positive electrode VBAT of the battery 100 is disconnected from the positive output terminal P+, and the electrical connection between the positive electrode and the external battery 100 is cut off, thereby achieving overcurrent of the battery 100.
  • the current limiting resistor R3 is connected in series between the negative output terminal P- and the current sensing input pin Vm of the chip U1, and the capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with the R3 to avoid U1 damage caused by the inrush current during the fault and improve the reliability of the chip U1.
  • the discharge current threshold of the chip U1 is not adjustable.
  • the discharge current threshold can be adjusted by changing the resistance of the sampling resistor R2, thereby improving the flexibility of the battery protection circuit.
  • the current rechargeable battery is basically provided with a charging IC (integrated circuit)
  • the charging current can completely control the magnitude of the charging current and prevent overcharging, and therefore, in order to avoid redundant design, the chip charging control in the embodiment of the present invention Pin Cout can be set to float.
  • the battery protection circuit is externally connected to the battery 100, and the two can be separately set and electrically connected through the circuit interface.
  • the battery 100 in this embodiment can be integrated only with the battery core, and the battery protection circuit is disposed outside the battery 100 to facilitate the battery protection circuit from the outside.
  • the control port EN receives a low battery usage signal.
  • the circuit schematic shown in Figure 3 is only an example.
  • the components in the circuit can be replaced by other components with the same control logic.
  • the P-channel MOS transistor can be replaced with a PNP transistor
  • the N-channel MOS transistor can be replaced. Replacement is performed using an NPN transistor, and the specific circuit parameters and devices can be flexibly selected based on the battery to be protected and the electrical characteristics of the electrical components that are powered by the battery.
  • the embodiment further provides an electric energy supply device including the protected battery 100 and any of the battery protection circuits described in the above embodiments.
  • the battery protection circuit and the battery 100 can be independently and electrically connected to each other.
  • the power supply device can avoid all power consumption of the battery when the battery is in an idle state, so that the battery can be kept for a long time, and the original power state can be maintained, thereby improving the service life of the battery.
  • the power supply device can control the power output of the battery through the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal to ensure the discharge safety of the battery.
  • the power supply device has at least two outputs and one input.
  • the two output terminals, the positive output terminal P+ and the negative output terminal P- of the battery protection circuit, are controlled to supply power outward.
  • One input is the external control port EN to obtain the battery usage signal.
  • the battery 100 in the electric energy supply device of the present embodiment can use a lithium ion rechargeable battery, and utilizes the advantages of large specific energy and long cycle life while avoiding damage caused by over-discharge and over-current.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device.
  • the electronic device includes useful electrical components and is controlled to supply power to the powered components using the power providing device of the above embodiments.
  • the positive output terminal P+ of the battery protection circuit can be connected to the power line of the electrical component, and the negative output terminal P- of the battery protection circuit can be connected to the ground of the electrical component.
  • the electronic device can preferably use a structure of a non-removable battery. To make more convenient use of space, the electronic device is lighter and thinner and more holistic in the case of using the same battery capacity. And since the power supply device is integrally designed with the electric component, the battery use signal can be generated and provided correspondingly by using the power-on signal of the electric component.
  • the electronic device of the present embodiment further provides an electric power control device that supplies a battery use signal to the external control port EN of the battery protection circuit to cause the chip control switch 110 to be controlled to be turned on or off.
  • the power control device can be a manual switch, and sends a low-level battery usage signal according to the user's power-on operation.
  • the electrical control device can be linked to the activation signal of the electrical component.
  • the electric control device When the electric component is turned off, the electric control device has no output or outputs a high level, and the battery can be zero-powered in the non-power supply state.
  • the electric control device When the electrical component is turned on, the electric control device outputs a low level, so that the battery protection chip starts to work, so that the battery can be reliably protected under the power supply state.
  • the battery protection circuit, the power supply device, and the electronic device in the above embodiments are used to implement battery power supply.
  • the protection function can also avoid the weak power consumption of the battery protection chip when the battery is idle. Therefore, the battery can still ensure the original state of charge after being left unused for a long time, thereby avoiding shortening or even scrapping the battery life due to over-discharge.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池保护电路、电能提供装置与电子装置。该电池保护电路，外接于电池(100)，包括用于为电池(100)提供保护控制信号的电池保护芯片(120)，电池保护芯片(120)至少具有芯片正电源输入管脚(VDD)。该电池保护电路进一步还包括：芯片控制开关(110)，设置在芯片正电源输入管脚(VDD)与电池的正极之间，且配置成受控地处于导通状态或关断状态；而且芯片控制开关(110)处于导通状态下，电池保护芯片(120)的芯片正电源输入管脚(VDD)连通电池的正极，使电池保护芯片(120)开始工作；芯片控制开关(110)处于关断状态下，电池保护芯片(120)的芯片正电源输入管脚(VDD)与电池的正极之间的连接断开，使电池保护芯片(120)停止工作。该电池保护电路能够避免电池保护芯片耗电导致电池过放，从而延长电池使用寿命。

Description

电池保护电路、电能提供装置与电子装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电源保护技术领域，特别涉及一种电池保护电路、电能提供装置与电子装置。
背景技术
电源是电子设备重要的组成部分。可充电电池是其中使用比较广泛的一种，目前智能手机、平板电脑等移动终端大多使用可充电电池作为电源。
充电电池，特别是锂离子电池本身的特点，决定了其不能被过充、过放、过流、短路及超高温充放电，因此充电电池一般需要配合电池保护电路使用。充电电池的保护电路因其使用的保护芯片以及电池的供电电压等不同，电路及参数有所不同，但保护原理类似，常用的充电电池保护芯片包括：日本精工的S-8241系列、日本MITSUMI的MM3061系列、台湾富晶的FS312和FS313系列、台湾类比科技的AAT8632系列、DW01+等等，其工作原理大同小异，只是在具体参数上有所差别。
图1是现有技术电池保护电路的电路原理图，在图1可以使用以上述介绍的任一种充电电池保护芯片，D1和D2两个N沟道MOS管作为放电保护开关和充电保护开关，可充电电池从EB+和EB-两端输出电能。充电时，充电电源接在EB+和EB-两端，当电池的电压超过过压阈值时，电池保护芯片的Cout管脚输出信号使D2的N沟道MOS管关断，充电电池停止充电，防止充电电池因过充电而损坏。电池放电时，当电池的电压低于过放阈值时，充电电池保护芯片的Dout管脚输出信号使D1的N沟道MOS管关断，充电电池停止放电，防止充电电池因过放电而损坏。
另外充电电池保护芯片的Vm管脚为电流感应输入管脚，当充电电池放电电流过大时，D1和D2的导通压降剧增，Vm管脚检测到的电压升高，充电电池的Dout管脚输出保护信号，使D1和D2关断，防止充电电池过流或者短路。
使用以上电池保护电路可以实现充电电池的过充过放以及过流等保护功能，有效保护电池避免因使用不当而损坏，然而充电电池保护芯片的正电源输入管脚Vdd以及负电源输入管脚Vss分别连接于电池的正极和负极上，会导致电池即使在非供电状态下仍然有0.1微安的耗电，虽然耗电量很小，但是在不使用状态下的长期积累仍然会导致电池过放导致报废。而且由于现有的电池保护电路一般集成于电池内部，因此即使将电池取出用电装置后闲置，仍然会导致电池过放报废。
现有技术的解决方案为在长时间不使用的情况下也定时对充电电池进行充电，以防止充电电池过放，从而造成了用户的使用不便。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，提出了本发明以便提供一种克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题的电池保护电路、电能提供装置与电子装置。
本发明一个进一步的目的是防止充电电池长时间搁置后报废。
本发明另一个进一步的目的是使得电池保护电路的保护参数设置更加灵活。
本发明另一个进一步的目的是节省外部用电部件的电源管理成本。
根据本发明的一个方面，本发明提供了一种电池保护电路。该电池保护电路，外接于电池，包括用于为电池提供保护控制信号为电池保护芯片，电池保护芯片至少具有芯片正电源输入管脚，进一步地电池保护电路还包括：芯片控制开关，设置在芯片正电源输入管脚与电池的正极之间，并配置成受控地处于导通状态或关断状态；而且芯片控制开关处于导通状态下，芯片正电源输入管脚连通电池的正极，使电池保护芯片工作，芯片控制开关处于关断状态下，电池保护芯片的芯片正电源输入管脚与电池的正极之间的连接断开，使电池保护芯片停止工作。
可选地，芯片控制开关为电子开关，包括：第一连接端，配置成与电池的正极相连，第二连接端，配置成与电池保护芯片的芯片正电源输入管脚相连；和控制端，配置成从外部接收电池使用信号，并在电池使用信号的控制下导通或关断第一连接端与第二连接端之间的连接。
可选地，芯片控制开关包括：第一P沟道MOS管，其源极用作芯片控制开关的第一连接端，其漏极用作芯片控制开关的第二连接端，其栅极用作芯片控制开关的控制端；和第一上拉电阻，连接于芯片控制开关的控制端和电池的正极之间。
可选地，上述电池保护电路进一步包括：正极输出端和负极输出端，用于向外输出电池的电能。
可选地，电池保护芯片还具有放电控制管脚；电池保护芯片在工作时进一步配置成：在芯片正电源输入管脚获取到的工作电压小于等于预定的过放电压阈值时，通过放电控制管脚输出防止所述电池过放的第一保护控制信号，和/或在电池的放电电流大于等于预设的放电电流阈值时，通过放电控制管脚输出防止电池过流的第二保护控制信号。
可选地，上述电池保护电路还包括：放电控制开关，连接于电池的正极和正极输出端之间，并配置成根据第一保护控制信号或第二保护控制信号切断电池的正极与正极输出端 的连接。
可选地，放电控制开关包括：第一连接端，配置成与电池的正极相连，第二连接端，配置成与正极输出端连接，和控制端，配置成与放电控制管脚相连，并通过接收到的第一保护控制信号或第二保护控制信号关断放电控制开关的第一连接端与放电控制开关的第二连接端之间的连接。
可选地，放电控制开关包括：第二P沟道MOS管，其源极用作放电控制开关的第一连接端，其漏极用作放电控制开关的第二连接端；N沟道MOS管，其栅极用作放电控制开关的控制端，其漏极连接第二P沟道MOS管的栅极，其源极配置成与负极输出端连接；第二上拉电阻，连接于电池的正极和N沟道MOS管的漏极之间。
可选地，上述电池保护电路还包括：电流检测部件，连接于所述电池的负极和所述负极输出端之间，并配置成检测电池的放电电流大小；电池保护芯片还具有电流感应输入管脚，电流感应输入管脚与电流检测部件连接。
可选地，电流检测部件包括：采样电阻，一端连接于电池的负极，另一端配置成连接负极输出端；而且电流感应输入管脚与负极输出端连接，以通过采样电阻上的压降检测电池的放电电流大小。
可选地，电流检测部件还包括：限流电阻，串接于负极输出端与电流感应输入管脚之间；和电容器，与限流电阻并联。
可选地，电池保护芯片还具有充电控制管脚，充电控制管脚悬空设置。
根据本发明的另一个方面，还提供了一种电能提供装置。该电能提供装置包括：电池；外接于电池的如以上介绍的任一种电池保护电路，配置成对电池提供保护控制信号，并通过其正极输出端和负极输出端受控地向外输出电池的电能。
可选地，电池为锂离子充电电池。
根据本发明的另一个方面，还提供了一种电子装置。该电子装置包括用电部件，并且进一步地包括：上述电能提供装置，配置成受控地向用电部件提供电能。
可选地，上述电子装置还包括：用电控制装置，配置成向电能提供装置中的芯片控制开关提供电池使用信号，使芯片控制开关受控地处于导通状态或关断状态。
本发明的电池保护电路，通过在电池保护芯片的芯片正电源输入管脚与电池的正极之间设置芯片控制开关，在电池不工作时，将芯片正电源输入管脚与电池的正极之间的电连接断开，切断对电池保护芯片的供电，避免了由于电池保护芯片微弱耗电导致的电池过放，延长了电池的使用寿命，避免了电池损坏。
此外，本发明的电池保护电路，将放电控制开关设置于电池的正极与正极输出端口之 间，在电池不供电时，放电控制开关保持断开，可将将电池与外部电路的电连接断开，避免了外部用电部件设置专门的电源管理电路，节省了电源管理成本。
此外，本发明的电池保护电路，其电流检测部件设置于电池的负极和用电部件的地线之间，检测参数可以灵活可调，仅需要通过改变其采样电阻的阻值，就可以调整放电电流阈值，提高了电池保护电路的灵活性。
此外，由于当前的充电电池基本都设置有充电IC(Integrated Circuit，集成电路)，通过充电IC完全能够控制充电电流的大小，并防止过充，因此，本发明的电池保护电路，取消了过充保护，避免了电路的冗余设计。
此外，本发明的电池保护电路，与电池分别独立设置，可以适用于电池不可拆卸的电能提供装置以及电子设备中，仅在需要供电时启动，并可以直接切断电池与用电部件的电连接，在不使用电池时，完全避免了电池的耗电。
根据下文结合附图对本发明具体实施例的详细描述，本领域技术人员将会更加明了本发明的上述以及其他目的、优点和特征。
附图说明
后文将参照附图以示例性而非限制性的方式详细描述本发明的一些具体实施例。附图中相同的附图标记标示了相同或类似的部件或部分。在附图中：
图1是现有技术电池保护电路的电路原理图；
图2是根据本发明一个实施例的电池保护电路的示意框图；以及
图3是根据本发明一个实施例的电池保护电路的电路原理图。
具体实施方式
针对现有技术的电池长时间放置导致使用寿命降低甚至损坏的问题，经过发明人的分析和测试，发现其主要原因在于电池保护电路在电池闲置过程中的微弱耗电积累，为了解决这一问题，本实施例首先提供了一种电池保护电路。图2是根据本发明一个实施例的电池保护电路的示意框图，如图所示，该电池保护电路一般性地包括有电池保护芯片120和芯片控制开关110，其中电池保护芯片120用于为电池100提供各种保护控制信号(例如过放保护信号和过流保护信号)，电池保护芯片120可以根据电池的电压和供电要求进行选择，例如背景技术中提到的精工的S-8241系列芯片就提供了过放电压阈值为2.0V至3.0V，进阶单位为100mV的多种芯片，而DW01+芯片的过放电压阈值为2.3V。这些电池保护芯片120至少具有芯片正电源输入管脚Vdd。电池保护芯片120的供电电源通过芯片正电源 输入管脚Vdd输入，在芯片正电源输入管脚Vdd无电源输入时，电池保护芯片120停止工作。
芯片控制开关110设置在芯片正电源输入管脚Vdd与电池100的正极之间，该芯片控制开关110可以受控地处于导通状态或关断状态。电池保护芯片120的负电源输入管脚Vss与电池100的负极连接。
本实施例的电池保护电路可选择性地布置于电池的外部，也就是电池保护电路和该电池保护电路所保护的电池分别独立设置，电池保护电路可以通过接口外接于电池，便于芯片控制开关110从外部获取电池使用信号，并受控地导通和关闭，满足了电池固定设置于电子装置内部的要求。
在芯片控制开关110处于导通状态时，电池保护芯片120的芯片正电源输入管脚Vdd连通到电池100的正极，为电池保护芯片120输入工作电源，电池保护芯片120工作，为电池100提供过放、过流等保护信号。在芯片控制开关110处于关断状态时，电池保护芯片120的芯片正电源输入管脚Vdd与电池100的正极之间的连接断开，芯片正电源输入管脚Vdd无电源输入，使得电池保护芯片120停止工作，因此，不会对电池100的电能造成任何消耗。
电池保护芯片120微弱的耗电长期积累，会导致电池过放，并进一步导致电池使用寿命缩短甚至损坏电池。而使用本实施例提供的电池保护电路，在电池不工作时，断开电池保护芯片120正电源输入管脚Vdd与电池100正极的连接，使电池保护芯片120停止耗电，从而使电池100保持电量，在电池100长期不使用的情况下，不会因过放而影响电池的使用寿命。
在一种可选实施例中，芯片控制开关110可以选用电子开关，该电子开关可以选择MOS管、晶体管等可控半导体器件，其至少包括有：第一连接端、第二连接端、以及控制端。
芯片控制开关110的第一连接端与电池100的正极相连，芯片控制开关110的第二连接端与电池保护芯片120的芯片正电源输入管脚Vdd相连。第一连接端和第二连接端的导通和关断状态由芯片控制开关110的控制端接收的信号控制。
芯片控制开关110的控制端可从外部控制端口EN接收电池使用信号。在接收到启动电池向外供电的电池使用信号时，芯片控制开关110的控制端控制芯片控制开关110的第一连接端与芯片控制开关110的第二连接端连通，使电池保护芯片120的芯片正电源输入管脚Vdd连接电池100的正极，电池保护芯片120得到供电，开始执行保护功能。该电池使用信号可以与外部电路的开机信号联动，例如使用者在开机时同时生成启动电池向外供电的电池使用信号，使电池100向电池保护芯片120供电，电池保护芯片120开始工作。
在芯片控制开关110的控制端接收到停止电池向外供电的电池使用信号或者接收不到 电池使用信号时，保持芯片控制开关110处于关断状态，以避免电池保护芯片120耗电。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中，对电池保护芯片120的放电保护部分进行了改进。如图2所示，电池保护电路中还设置有：正极输出端P+和负极输出端P-，以向外输出所述电池的电能。其中正极输出端P+用于将电池100的正极连接至用电设备的电源线，负极输出端P-用于将电池100的负极连接至用电设备的地线。
通过电池保护芯片120的芯片正电源输入管脚Vdd还可以检测电池100放电电压。在此情况下，电池保护芯片120的芯片正电源输入管脚Vdd和芯片负电源输入管脚Vss之间的电压可认为是电池100放电电压。
电池保护芯片120的放电控制管脚Dout可以根据电池100的放电状态输出保护信号。例如，电池保护芯片120的放电控制管脚Dout在芯片正电源输入管脚Vdd获取到的工作电压小于等于预定的过放电压阈值时，输出防止所述电池过放的第一保护控制信号(即过放保护控制信号)。如前所述，以上过放电压阈值由电池保护芯片120的型号确定。
又例如，电池保护芯片120的放电控制管脚Dout还可以在电池的放电电流大于等于预设的放电电流阈值时，输出防止电池过流的第二保护控制信号(即过流保护控制信号)。
因此，电池保护芯片120的放电控制管脚Dout可以在电池放电出现异常时，输出过放保护控制信号和过流保护控制信号。
在本发明实施例的一个可选实施方案中，如图2所示，电池保护电路还可以设置放电控制开关130。该放电控制开关130连接于电池的正极和正极输出端P+之间，并配置成根据放电控制管脚Dout输出的过放保护控制信号或过流保护控制信号切断电池100的正极与正极输出端P+的连接。也就是说，在该可选实施方案中，在电池放电出现异常时放电控制开关130断开使电池100停止向外部供电，实现了对电池100的保护。
本发明上述可选实施例与现有技术相比，放电控制开关130设置于电池100的正极与向外供电的正极输出端P+之间，在其处于开断状态时，直接切断了电池100的正极与外部用电部件的连接，而无需外部用电部件重复设置电源管理电路，节省了电源管理的成本。
上述可选实施例中，电池保护芯片120的控制逻辑为：在正电源输入管脚Vdd连通电池100正极后，进入工作状态，其放电控制管脚Dout输入控制信号使放电控制开关130连通，使电池正极100连通正极输出端P+，以正常向外供电，在检测到电池100过流或者过放时，放电控制管脚Dout输入保护控制信号使放电控制开关130断开，直接切断电源100与连通正极输出端P+连接，实现了对电池100的保护功能。
可选地，放电控制开关130一般性地可以包括第一连接端、第二连接端、以及控制端。放电控制开关130的第一连接端与电池100的正极相连，放电控制开关130的第二连接端与正极输出端P+连接，放电控制开关130的控制端与放电控制管脚Dout相连。放电控制 开关130的控制端根据接收到的信号控制放电控制开关130的第一连接端和第二控制端之间处于导通状态或关断状态，并且在放电控制开关130的控制端接收到过放保护控制信号或过流保护控制信号时，放电控制开关130的第一连接端和第二控制端被控制保持关断状态。
在芯片控制开关110关断时，电池保护芯片120的正电源输入管脚Vdd无输入，电池保护芯片120停止工作，放电控制开关130的控制端接收的信号保持放电控制开关130断开，以切断电池100的所有供电输出。
在本实施例的一个可选电池保护电路中，还可以增加设置电流检测部件140。该电流检测部件140可以检测电池100的放电电流大小，并向电池保护芯片120的电流感应输入管Vm提供与放电电流大小对应的电压信号。在图2所示的电池保护电路中，电流检测部件140连接在电池100的负极与负极输出端P-之间，并将放电电流的大小转换为对应的电压信号，提供给电流感应输入管脚Vm，以供电池保护芯片120判断电池100是否过流。
与现有技术中利用MOS管的导通压降进行放电电流检测相比，本实施例的电流检测部件140的电流和电压的比例关系可调，从而可以调整电池100的放电电流阈值，提高了电池保护的灵活性。
图3是根据本发明一个可选实施例的电池保护电路的电路原理图，在该可选电路原理图中，电池100的正极电路符号记为VBAT，芯片U1作为电池保护芯片120，芯片U1的第一管脚为放电控制管脚Dout，第二管脚为电流感应输入管Vm，第三管脚为充电控制管脚Cout，第五管脚为正电源输入管脚Vdd，第六管脚为负电源输入管脚Vss。负电源输入管脚Vss与电池100的负极连接。
第一电容C1作为去耦电容，并联于电池100的两端，以滤除纹波，保持电压稳定。第一P沟道MOS管Q1和第一上拉电阻R1组成芯片控制开关110，Q1的源极用作芯片控制开关110的第一连接端，Q1的漏极用作芯片控制开关110的第二连接端，Q1的栅极用作芯片控制开关110的控制端。R1连接于芯片控制开关110的控制端和电池100的正极之间。
在电池100未处于放电状态时，外部控制端口EN无信号输入或者输入高电平信号。由于第一上拉电阻R1的上拉作用，Q1的栅极为高电平，Q1的漏极和源极断开。正电源输入管脚Vdd无电源输入，U1停止工作，从而不消耗电池100的任何电能。
在电池100向外供电时，外部控制端口EN接收到低电平的电池使用信号(该低电平电池使用信号可以由外部电子设备提供或者由一接地手动开关提供)，Q1导通，Q1的漏极和源极连通，正电源输入管脚Vdd连接至VBAT，芯片U1上电工作。在电池100处于放电状态时，需要保持外部控制端口EN维持低电平。
在图3所示的电路原理图中，第二P沟道MOS管Q3、N沟道MOS管Q2、及第二上 拉电阻R4组成放电控制开关130。Q3的源极用作放电控制开关130的第一连接端，连接电池100的正极VBAT，Q3的漏极用作放电控制开关130的第二连接端，连接正极输出端P+。Q2的栅极用作放电控制开关130的控制端，连接芯片U1的放电控制管脚Dout。Q2的漏极连接Q3的栅极，Q2的源极连接正极输出端P-。R4连接于电池100的正极VBAT和Q2的漏极之间。
在电池100不向外供电时，芯片U1的放电控制管脚Dout无输出，由于R4的上拉作用，保持Q3的源极和栅极断开。从而使得电池100的正极VBAT与正极输出端P+之间保持断开，保证电池100无任何耗电。进而使得在电池100的非放电状态下，电池100的正极与外部电路无任何电连接。
在电池100向外正常供电时，芯片U1的放电控制管脚Dout输出高电平，Q2导通，其源极和漏极处于导通状态。从而Q2的源极被拉低，使得Q3导通。电池100的正极VBAT与正极输出端P+之间保持导通，可使电池100向外供电。
在供电过程中，如果出现芯片U1的正电源输入管脚Vdd检测到VBAT的电压低于预设的过放电压阈值的情况，芯片U1的放电控制管脚Dout输出低电平，Q2的源极和漏极处于关断状态。由于R4的上拉作用，Q3的源极和栅极处于断开状态，从而电池100的正极VBAT与正极输出端P+断开，切断了电池100正极与外部的电连接，实现了对电池100的过放保护功能。
在图3所示的电路原理图中，采样电阻R2、限流电阻R3、电容器C2构成了电流检测部件140。采样电阻R2的一端连接于电池的负极，另一端连接负极输出端P-。电池100负极流入的电流导致R2上产生压降。芯片U1可以通过检测Vm管脚和Vss管脚的压差，从而确定电池100的放电电流。在压差超过芯片U1预定的过电流检测电压阈值时，芯片U1启动过流保护，其放电控制管脚Dout输出低电平，Q2的源极和漏极关断。并且利用R4的上拉作用断开Q3的源极和栅极，使得电池100的正极VBAT与正极输出端P+断开，切断了电池100正极与外部的电连接，实现了对电池100的过流保护功能。
限流电阻R3串接于负极输出端P-与芯片U1的电流感应输入管脚Vm之间，电容器C2与R3并联，可以避免故障时的冲击电流导致U1损坏，提高芯片U1的可靠性。
由于芯片U1的预定的过电流检测电压阈值是固定值，现有技术中MOS管的导通压降不可控，芯片U1的放电电流阈值是不可调整的。而在本实施例的电池保护电路中，通过改变采样电阻R2的阻值就可以调整放电电流阈值，提高了电池保护电路的灵活性。
另外，由于当前的充电电池基本都设置有充电IC(集成电路)，通过充电IC完全能够控制充电电流的大小，并防止过充，因此，为了避免冗余设计，本发明实施例中芯片充电控制管脚Cout可以设置为悬空。
电池保护电路外接于电池100，两者可以分别独立设置，通过电路接口电连接。在这种设置方式下，与现有技术中充电电池内部集成保护电路相比，本实施例中电池100可以仅集成设置了电芯，电池保护电路设置于电池100外部，便于电池保护电路从外部控制端口EN接收低电平的电池使用信号。
图3示出的电路原理图仅为示例，实际应用时电路中各部件可以选择其他控制逻辑相同的部件进行替换，例如P沟道MOS管可使用PNP型晶体管进行替换，N沟道MOS管可使用NPN型晶体管进行替换，而且具体电路参数和器件可以根据需要保护的电池以及使用该电池供电的用电部件的用电特点进行灵活选择。
本实施例还提供了一种电能提供装置，包括被保护的电池100以及上述实施例中介绍的任一种电池保护电路。电池保护电路与电池100可以相互独立设置并电连接。该电能提供装置可以在电池处于空闲状态时，避免电池所有的耗电，使得电池长时间放置，仍然可以保持原始的电能状态，提高了电池的使用寿命。而且电能提供装置可通过其正极输出端和负极输出端受控地向外输出电池的电能，保证电池的放电安全。
该电能提供装置至少具备两个输出端和一个输入端。两个输出端即电池保护电路的正极输出端P+和负极输出端P-，以向外受控地供电。一个输入端为外部控制端口EN，以获取电池使用信号。
本实施例的电能提供装置中的电池100可以使用锂离子充电电池，在充分利用其比能量大、循环寿命长的优点的同时，避免过放和过流造成的损坏。
进一步地，本发明实施例还提供了一种电子设备。该电子设备包括有用电部件，并且使用以上实施例的电能提供装置受控地向用电部件供电。电池保护电路的正极输出端P+可以连接用电部件的电源线，电池保护电路的负极输出端P-可以连接用电部件的地线。
该电子设备可以优选使用不可拆卸电池的结构。以更方便地利用空间，使得电子设备在使用同样电池容量的情况下，更加轻薄，整体性更好。并且由于电能提供装置与用电部件一体设计，可以利用用电部件的开机信号相应生成并提供电池使用信号。
本实施例的电子设备进一步地设置用电控制装置，该用电控制装置向电池保护电路的外部控制端口EN提供电池使用信号，使芯片控制开关110受控地导通或关断。该用电控制装置可以为手动开关，根据用户的开机操作送出低电平的电池使用信号。在另外一种可选实施例中，用电控制装置可以与用电部件的开机信号联动。
在用电部件关闭时，用电控制装置无输出或者输出高电平，可以实现电池在非供电状态的零耗电。在用电部件开启时，用电控制装置输出低电平，使得电池保护芯片开始工作，使电池在供电状态下可得到可靠地保护。
利用以上实施例中的电池保护电路、电能提供装置以及电子设备，在实现电池供电状 态下的保护功能同时，也可以在电池闲置时避免电池保护芯片微弱的耗电。从而电池在长时间闲置不用状态下，仍然可以保证原始的电量状态，避免了由于过放导致电池使用寿命缩短甚至报废。
至此，本领域技术人员应认识到，虽然本文已详尽示出和描述了本发明的多个示例性实施例，但是，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下，仍可根据本发明公开的内容直接确定或推导出符合本发明原理的许多其他变型或修改。因此，本发明的范围应被理解和认定为覆盖了所有这些其他变型或修改。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电池保护电路，外接于电池，包括用于为所述电池提供保护控制信号的电池保护芯片，所述电池保护芯片至少具有芯片正电源输入管脚，其特征在于所述电池保护电路还包括：
    芯片控制开关，设置在所述芯片正电源输入管脚与所述电池的正极之间，并配置成受控地处于导通状态或关断状态；而且
    所述芯片控制开关处于导通状态下，所述芯片正电源输入管脚连通所述电池的正极，使所述电池保护芯片工作，
    所述芯片控制开关处于关断状态下，所述芯片正电源输入管脚与所述电池的正极之间的连接断开，使所述电池保护芯片停止工作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池保护电路，其特征在于所述芯片控制开关为电子开关，包括：
    第一连接端，配置成与所述电池的正极相连；
    第二连接端，配置成与所述电池保护芯片的芯片正电源输入管脚相连；和
    控制端，配置成从外部接收电池使用信号，并在所述电池使用信号的控制下导通或关断所述第一连接端与所述第二连接端之间的连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池保护电路，其特征在于所述芯片控制开关包括：
    第一P沟道MOS管，其源极用作所述芯片控制开关的第一连接端，其漏极用作所述芯片控制开关的第二连接端，其栅极用作所述芯片控制开关的控制端；和
    第一上拉电阻，连接于所述芯片控制开关的控制端和所述电池的正极之间。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电池保护电路，其特征在于还包括：
    正极输出端和负极输出端，用于向外输出所述电池的电能。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的电池保护电路，其特征在于
    所述电池保护芯片还具有放电控制管脚；
    所述电池保护芯片在工作时进一步配置成：
    在所述芯片正电源输入管脚获取到的工作电压小于等于预定的过放电压阈值时，通过所述放电控制管脚输出防止所述电池过放的第一保护控制信号；和/或
    在所述电池的放电电流大于等于预设的放电电流阈值时通过所述放电控制管脚输出防止所述电池过流的第二保护控制信号。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池保护电路，其特征在于还包括：
    放电控制开关，连接于所述电池的正极和所述正极输出端之间，并配置成根据所述第一保护控制信号或所述第二保护控制信号切断所述电池的正极与所述正极输出端的连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6中所述的电池保护电路，其特征在于所述放电控制开关包括：
    第一连接端，配置成与所述电池的正极相连，
    第二连接端，配置成与所述正极输出端连接，和
    控制端，配置成与所述放电控制管脚相连，并通过接收到的所述第一保护控制信号或所述第二保护控制信号关断所述放电控制开关的第一连接端与所述放电控制开关的第二连接端之间的连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池保护电路，其特征在于所述放电控制开关包括：
    第二P沟道MOS管，其源极用作所述放电控制开关的第一连接端，其漏极用作所述放电控制开关的第二连接端；
    N沟道MOS管，其栅极用作所述放电控制开关的控制端，其漏极连接所述第二P沟道MOS管的栅极，其源极配置成与所述负极输出端连接；
    第二上拉电阻，连接于所述电池的正极和所述N沟道MOS管的漏极之间。
  9. 根据权利要求5至8任一项所述的电池保护电路，其特征在于
    所述电池保护电路还包括：电流检测部件，连接于所述电池的负极和所述负极输出端之间，并配置成检测所述电池的放电电流大小；
    所述电池保护芯片还具有电流感应输入管脚，所述电流感应输入管脚与所述电流检测部件连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池保护电路，其特征在于
    所述电流检测部件包括：采样电阻，一端连接于所述电池的负极，另一端配置成连接所述负极输出端；而且
    所述电流感应输入管脚与所述负极输出端连接，以通过所述采样电阻上的压降检测所述电池的放电电流大小。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池保护电路，其特征在于所述电流检测部件还包括：
    限流电阻，串接于所述负极输出端与所述电流感应输入管脚之间；和
    电容器，与所述限流电阻并联。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11任一项所述的电池保护电路，其特征在于
    所述电池保护芯片还具有充电控制管脚，所述充电控制管脚悬空设置。
  13. 一种电能提供装置，其特征在于包括：
    电池；和
    外接于所述电池的如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的电池保护电路，配置成对所述电池提供保护控制信号，并通过其正极输出端和负极输出端受控地向外输出所述电池的电能。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电能提供装置，其特征在于
    所述电池为锂离子充电电池。
  15. 一种电子装置，包括用电部件，其特征在于还包括：
    根据权利要求13或14所述的电能提供装置，配置成受控地向所述用电部件提供电能。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电子装置，其特征在于还包括：
    用电控制装置，配置成向所述电能提供装置中的芯片控制开关提供电池使用信号，使所述芯片控制开关受控地处于导通状态或关断状态。
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