WO2016116983A1 - ガソリン直噴用フューエルレール - Google Patents
ガソリン直噴用フューエルレール Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016116983A1 WO2016116983A1 PCT/JP2015/006215 JP2015006215W WO2016116983A1 WO 2016116983 A1 WO2016116983 A1 WO 2016116983A1 JP 2015006215 W JP2015006215 W JP 2015006215W WO 2016116983 A1 WO2016116983 A1 WO 2016116983A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel rail
- fuel
- mpa
- examples
- direct injection
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
- F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
- F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
- F02M55/025—Common rails
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
- F02M55/04—Means for damping vibrations or pressure fluctuations in injection pump inlets or outlets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
- F02M2200/9053—Metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel rail for direct gasoline injection.
- the fuel pressure of the conventional gasoline direct injection system is 20 MPa or less, and the pressure strength is secured by securing the thickness of the fuel rail. In such a fuel pressure region, it is not necessary to use a particularly high-strength material, and the fuel rail is also relatively thin, so that a welded tube can be manufactured.
- the fuel pressure of gasoline direct injection systems as shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2 has tended to increase further, and now exceeds 30 MPa. Therefore, it is necessary to form the fuel rail thick so that it can withstand such a high pressure.
- the present invention is intended to solve the above-described problems, and has a low hardness before forming into a raw tube, maintains good formability, and enables a welded tube to be formed by roll forming.
- the present invention solves the problems as described above, and is used at a fuel pressure of 30 MPa or more, and in a gasoline direct injection fuel rail formed by a steel welded pipe, C, Si, Mn, It consists of an iron alloy containing chemical components of P, S, Nb, and Mo, and the ratio t / D of the plate thickness t to the outer diameter D is 0.2 or less. Can be deposited.
- the in-furnace brazing process of the present invention means a process of raising the temperature to 1000 ° C. or higher in the furnace and gradually cooling from this temperature to room temperature.
- the fuel pressure may be 30 MPa to 80 MPa.
- the present invention is composed of an iron alloy containing a chemical component composed of components of C, Si, Mn, P, S, Nb, and Mo.
- a ferrite-pearlite structure is formed. Therefore, in such a state, low hardness can be maintained and welding quality can be maintained well, so that processing can be facilitated.
- a bainite structure is precipitated by performing brazing in the furnace in the manufacturing process. Due to the presence of this bainite structure, the material has a higher strength than that of the conventional one, and high pressure resistance can be ensured. Therefore, since the entire shape can be formed thin and lightweight, it can be formed inexpensively in a welded tube by roll forming, and has a high strength of 30 MPa or more due to the properties of high strength and high pressure resistance. It becomes possible to obtain a product that can be used against fuel pressure.
- the fuel rail for gasoline direct injection which is an embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
- the chemical components excluding iron and impurities and the blending ratios with respect to all components are shown in Table 1 below.
- Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention include C, Si, Mn, P, S, Nb, and Mo.
- manufacturing methods of Examples 1 and 2 will be described below.
- Examples 1 and 2 are iron alloys composed of the chemical components shown in Table 1, iron, and other impurities. Then, a welded pipe is formed from this material, both ends of the welded pipe are closed with parts, and a socket and a fixture are assembled. After the assembly is completed, copper brazing in the furnace is performed in a furnace at 1000 ° C. or higher, and then gradually cooled, and then shipped as a product through processes such as mold matching and leak check.
- the fuel rails of Examples 1 and 2 were subjected to in-furnace copper brazing as described above.
- the temperature was raised to 1000 ° C. or higher in the furnace, and then gradually cooled. Is what you do.
- the physical properties of the iron alloys of Examples 1 and 2 formed of the above materials are changed.
- a physical property test was performed based on JIS standards.
- a JIS5 test piece (plate thickness 1.6 mm, formation width 25 mm, formation length 350 mm) was formed from the materials of Examples 1 and 2, and a tensile test and a structure observation were performed using this test piece. It was. The results of this tensile test and structure observation are shown in Table 2 below.
- “before furnace passage” means before forming into the raw tube, and “after furnace passage” means after copper brazing in the furnace.
- the fuel rails of Examples 1 and 2 containing chemical components of C, Si, Mn, P, S, Nb, and Mo produce a bainite structure by performing copper brazing in the furnace. It was confirmed that a high strength and high hardness property can be obtained by the presence of the structure than before the forming process into the raw tube. Moreover, since the ferrite structure or the ferrite-pearlite structure is the same as that of the conventional product before forming into the raw tube, it was confirmed that the material can maintain good welding quality and has excellent formability.
- Example 1 the material used for the conventional fuel rail is used.
- Examples 1 and 2 similarly to Examples 1 and 2, a tensile test and a structure observation based on JIS standards were performed.
- Table 1 the compounding ratio with respect to chemical components other than iron and impurities of the material used for the conventional fuel rail and all components is shown in Table 1 as Comparative Example 1.
- Comparative Example 1 is different in chemical composition from Examples 1 and 2, and does not contain Nb and Mo. Further, Ni which is not contained in the materials of Examples 1 and 2; It contains Cr.
- JIS5 test pieces plate thickness 1.6 mm, formation width 25 mm, formation length 350 mm were used. The results are shown in Table 3 below.
- Examples 1 and 2 showed higher values in both tensile strength and hardness than Comparative Example 1. Further, when the structure was confirmed, in Examples 1 and 2, a bainite structure was precipitated, whereas in Comparative Example 1, an austenite structure was observed, and no precipitation of bainite structure was observed. From this, it was confirmed that the materials of Examples 1 and 2 have higher strength and higher hardness than the conventional materials.
- the fuel rail formed of the materials of Examples 1 and 2 it can be formed into a product having the size shown in Table 4.
- D means the outer diameter of the fuel rail
- t means the thickness of the fuel rail.
- “A” in Table 4 is mainly used under a fuel pressure of about 30 MPa.
- the outer diameter D is 11 mm and the wall thickness t is 2.0 mm.
- t / D can be formed as thin as 0.2 or less.
- the outer diameter must be 15 mm and the wall thickness must be 4.0 mm in order to be usable under a fuel pressure of about 30 MPa. Is higher than 0.2 and must be much thicker than that formed from the materials of Examples 1 and 2.
- T / D can be formed as thin as 0.2 or less.
- the t / D is higher than 0.2 because the outer diameter must be 20 mm and the wall thickness must be 5.8 mm in order to be used under a fuel pressure of about 80 MPa. In this case as well, it must be formed much thicker than that formed by the materials of Examples 1 and 2.
- the fuel rail formed of the materials of Examples 1 and 2 can be made thinner and lighter than conventional products, and can be formed by a welded tube by roll forming.
- high strength and high pressure resistance can be obtained. Therefore, a product that can cope with a high fuel pressure of 30 MPa to 80 MPa can be obtained inexpensively and easily.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (2)
- 燃料圧力が30MPa以上で使用されるとともに、鉄鋼製の溶接管にて形成されるガソリン直噴用フューエルレールにおいて、C、Si、Mn、P、S、Nb、Moの化学成分を含む鉄合金から成り、板厚tと外径Dとの比t/Dが0.2以下であり、製造時に炉中ろう付け加工を施すことにより、ベイナイト組織を析出可能としたこと特徴とするガソリン直噴用フューエルレール。
- 燃料圧力は、30MPa~80MPaであることを特徴とする請求項1のガソリン直噴用フューエルレール。
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR112017015647-4A BR112017015647A2 (ja) | 2015-01-22 | 2015-12-14 | A fuel rail for gasoline direct injection |
RU2017129596A RU2659610C1 (ru) | 2015-01-22 | 2015-12-14 | Топливная рампа для прямого впрыска бензина |
CN201580069826.6A CN107110090B (zh) | 2015-01-22 | 2015-12-14 | 汽油直喷用燃料轨 |
US15/542,077 US20180023157A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2015-12-14 | Fuel rail for gasoline direct injection |
EP15878680.6A EP3249211A4 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2015-12-14 | Fuel rail for gasoline direct injection |
KR1020177020565A KR102128912B1 (ko) | 2015-01-22 | 2015-12-14 | 가솔린 직접 분사용 퓨얼 레일 |
MX2017009523A MX2017009523A (es) | 2015-01-22 | 2015-12-14 | Riel de combustible para inyección directa de gasolina. |
US16/699,113 US11015231B2 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2019-11-29 | Method of manufacturing fuel rail for gasoline direct injection |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015009969A JP6789611B2 (ja) | 2015-01-22 | 2015-01-22 | ガソリン直噴用フューエルレールの製造方法 |
JP2015-009969 | 2015-01-22 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/542,077 A-371-Of-International US20180023157A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2015-12-14 | Fuel rail for gasoline direct injection |
US16/699,113 Division US11015231B2 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2019-11-29 | Method of manufacturing fuel rail for gasoline direct injection |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016116983A1 true WO2016116983A1 (ja) | 2016-07-28 |
Family
ID=56416553
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2015/006215 WO2016116983A1 (ja) | 2015-01-22 | 2015-12-14 | ガソリン直噴用フューエルレール |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20180023157A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3249211A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6789611B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102128912B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN107110090B (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112017015647A2 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2017009523A (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2659610C1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016116983A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2019113004A (ja) * | 2017-12-25 | 2019-07-11 | 臼井国際産業株式会社 | 高圧直噴用のレール |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2005226623A (ja) * | 2004-02-16 | 2005-08-25 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Ltd | 分岐接続体を有する燃料蓄圧容器 |
JP2007291416A (ja) * | 2006-04-20 | 2007-11-08 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Ltd | 自動車高圧配管用高張力鋼管 |
JP2010106353A (ja) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-13 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Ltd | 焼入性に優れた高強度鋼製加工品及びその製造方法、並びに高強度かつ耐衝撃特性及び耐内圧疲労特性に優れたディーゼルエンジン用燃料噴射管及びコモンレールの製造方法 |
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US2862136A (en) * | 1956-07-31 | 1958-11-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electron discharge device |
US3200610A (en) * | 1964-01-08 | 1965-08-17 | Jr Leon R Van Steenburgh | Apparatus for making ice members |
US6929288B2 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2005-08-16 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Limited | Connecting structure of branch connector in fuel pressure accumulating container |
FR2838871A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-10-24 | Thales Sa | Procede de fabrication de fenetre hyperfrequence de separation de milieux et fenetre issue du procede |
JP2007016668A (ja) | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-25 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Ltd | 直噴ガソリンエンジン用燃料レール |
EP1914418B1 (en) * | 2005-08-04 | 2012-01-25 | Nippon Steel Corporation | High-pressure fuel injection accumulator distributor for automobile and method of manufacturing the same |
JP4974331B2 (ja) | 2006-02-28 | 2012-07-11 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 耐衝撃特性と強度−延性バランスに優れた鋼製高強度加工品およびその製造方法、並びに高強度かつ耐衝撃特性および耐内圧疲労特性に優れたディーゼルエンジン用燃料噴射管およびコモンレールの製造方法 |
JP4466619B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-05 | 2010-05-26 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 自動車構造部材用高張力溶接鋼管およびその製造方法 |
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2015
- 2015-01-22 JP JP2015009969A patent/JP6789611B2/ja active Active
- 2015-12-14 CN CN201580069826.6A patent/CN107110090B/zh active Active
- 2015-12-14 KR KR1020177020565A patent/KR102128912B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2015-12-14 RU RU2017129596A patent/RU2659610C1/ru active
- 2015-12-14 US US15/542,077 patent/US20180023157A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-12-14 WO PCT/JP2015/006215 patent/WO2016116983A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-12-14 MX MX2017009523A patent/MX2017009523A/es unknown
- 2015-12-14 BR BR112017015647-4A patent/BR112017015647A2/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-12-14 EP EP15878680.6A patent/EP3249211A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-11-29 US US16/699,113 patent/US11015231B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2005226623A (ja) * | 2004-02-16 | 2005-08-25 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Ltd | 分岐接続体を有する燃料蓄圧容器 |
JP2007291416A (ja) * | 2006-04-20 | 2007-11-08 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Ltd | 自動車高圧配管用高張力鋼管 |
JP2010106353A (ja) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-13 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Ltd | 焼入性に優れた高強度鋼製加工品及びその製造方法、並びに高強度かつ耐衝撃特性及び耐内圧疲労特性に優れたディーゼルエンジン用燃料噴射管及びコモンレールの製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP3249211A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20170097198A (ko) | 2017-08-25 |
JP6789611B2 (ja) | 2020-11-25 |
EP3249211A1 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
CN107110090B (zh) | 2020-03-13 |
KR102128912B1 (ko) | 2020-07-01 |
BR112017015647A2 (ja) | 2018-03-13 |
US11015231B2 (en) | 2021-05-25 |
RU2659610C1 (ru) | 2018-07-03 |
US20200095647A1 (en) | 2020-03-26 |
JP2016133100A (ja) | 2016-07-25 |
CN107110090A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
US20180023157A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
MX2017009523A (es) | 2017-12-11 |
EP3249211A4 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
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