WO2016106883A1 - 一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板及其驱动方法 - Google Patents

一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板及其驱动方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016106883A1
WO2016106883A1 PCT/CN2015/071066 CN2015071066W WO2016106883A1 WO 2016106883 A1 WO2016106883 A1 WO 2016106883A1 CN 2015071066 W CN2015071066 W CN 2015071066W WO 2016106883 A1 WO2016106883 A1 WO 2016106883A1
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liquid crystal
sub
pixel region
display panel
crystal display
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PCT/CN2015/071066
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English (en)
French (fr)
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唐岳军
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深圳市华星光电技术有限公司
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Priority to US14/418,607 priority Critical patent/US9897872B2/en
Publication of WO2016106883A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016106883A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133753—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
    • G02F1/133757—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle with different alignment orientations
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
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    • G02F1/134345—Subdivided pixels, e.g. for grey scale or redundancy
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134372—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for fringe field switching [FFS] where the common electrode is not patterned
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
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    • G02F1/134381—Hybrid switching mode, i.e. for applying an electric field with components parallel and orthogonal to the substrates
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    • G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
    • G02F2413/04—Number of plates greater than or equal to 4
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    • G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
    • G02F2413/06—Two plates on one side of the LC cell

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to liquid crystal display technology, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display panel with switchable viewing angle and a driving method thereof.
  • the range of viewing angles (referred to as the viewing angle) is an important performance indicator of the liquid crystal display panel.
  • the liquid crystal display panel needs to change the polarization state of the transmitted light by adjusting the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules, thereby realizing the display function. Therefore, due to the influence of the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecules, the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display is smaller than that of the cathode ray tube display.
  • VA vertical orientation
  • PVA pattern vertical orientation
  • MVA multi-level vertical orientation
  • IPS in-plane switching
  • FFS fringe electric field Techniques such as conversion
  • the liquid crystal display panel has been developed in a wide viewing angle, in some cases, the liquid crystal display panel also needs to have a function of switching between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle.
  • This demand is particularly acute for portable electronic devices such as cell phones, PDAs, and notebook computers that use liquid crystal displays.
  • portable electronic devices such as cell phones, PDAs, and notebook computers that use liquid crystal displays.
  • a user needs to share an image displayed by a portable electronic device with others, and sometimes the user does not want others to see an image displayed by the portable electronic device for reasons of personal privacy protection. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a liquid crystal display panel with a switchable viewing angle.
  • louver to block the film.
  • the louver shielding film is attached to the screen of the liquid crystal display panel. This method is inconvenient to operate and requires the user to carry it with you.
  • the louver blocks the film.
  • the dual backlight system method uses a common backlight system to achieve wide viewing angle display, and another collimated backlight system to achieve narrow viewing angle display. This method will undoubtedly increase the manufacturing cost, thickness, and energy consumption of the liquid crystal display panel.
  • Double-layer LCD panels are used. That is, the image is normally displayed with one main liquid crystal panel, and the display viewing angle is controlled by another additional liquid crystal panel. This method also increases the manufacturing cost, thickness, and energy consumption of the liquid crystal display panel.
  • liquid crystal display panel cannot meet the requirements of portable electronic devices in terms of size and energy consumption.
  • the inventor of the present invention has proposed a liquid crystal display panel with a simpler structure and more convenient operation to switch the viewing angle based on the practical experience and related professional knowledge of the design and manufacture of the liquid crystal display panel, so as to meet portable electronic devices such as mobile phones. High requirements for circuit stability, weight and energy consumption.
  • the present invention provides a liquid crystal display panel with a switchable viewing angle that is simpler in structure and more convenient to operate, and a driving method thereof.
  • the present invention provides a liquid crystal display panel with a switchable viewing angle, comprising an upper substrate, a lower substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the upper and lower substrates, wherein:
  • a pixel unit located in the display area includes a main pixel area and a sub-pixel area;
  • the main pixel area is horizontally aligned, and in the main pixel area, the pixel electrode and the common electrode are arranged on the lower substrate;
  • the sub-pixel region is vertically aligned, and in the sub-pixel region, the upper substrate electrode and the pixel electrode corresponding to each other are disposed on the upper substrate and the lower substrate respectively;
  • the bias voltage when the bias voltage is not applied to the upper substrate electrode of the sub-pixel region, liquid crystal molecules corresponding to the sub-pixel region are not deflected, and the sub-pixel region leaks light at a large viewing angle to realize narrow viewing angle display.
  • a bias voltage is applied to the upper substrate electrode of the pixel region, the liquid crystal molecules corresponding to the sub-pixel region are deflected to a flat shape, and the sub-pixel region does not leak light at a large viewing angle, thereby realizing wide viewing angle display.
  • the liquid crystal display panel further includes two display drivers for respectively controlling voltages on electrodes of the main pixel region and the sub-pixel region; wherein, when only one of the display drivers is located When a voltage is applied to an electrode of the main pixel region, the liquid crystal display panel has a narrow viewing angle mode.
  • the two display drivers simultaneously apply voltages to the electrodes of the main pixel region and the sub-pixel region, the liquid crystal display panel is in a wide viewing angle mode.
  • the liquid crystal molecules of the main pixel region are rotated in a horizontal plane parallel to the upper and lower substrates, and are in an IPS or FFS mode of operation.
  • the liquid crystal molecules of the sub-pixel region are rotated in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the upper and lower substrates, in a VA mode of operation.
  • the pixel electrode and the common electrode of the main pixel region, and the upper substrate electrode and the pixel electrode of the sub-pixel region are each made of a transparent conductive material.
  • the same pixel region is used to achieve horizontal alignment of the main pixel region and vertical alignment of the sub-pixel region.
  • a different alignment of the primary pixel regions and a vertical alignment of the secondary pixel regions are respectively performed using different polyimide materials.
  • the present invention further provides a driving method of a liquid crystal display panel with a switchable viewing angle, wherein a pixel unit of a display area of the liquid crystal display panel includes a main pixel area and a sub-pixel area, wherein the main pixel area is horizontally aligned, A pixel electrode and a common electrode are arranged on the lower substrate in the main pixel region, the sub-pixel region is vertically aligned, and upper and lower substrates are respectively disposed on the lower substrate and the lower substrate in the sub-pixel region.
  • An electrode and a pixel electrode; the driving method comprises the following steps:
  • the bias voltage is not applied to the upper substrate electrode of the sub-pixel region, so that the liquid crystal molecules corresponding to the sub-pixel region are not deflected, thereby causing the sub-pixel region to leak light at a large viewing angle;
  • a bias voltage is applied to the upper substrate electrode of the sub-pixel region, so that the liquid crystal molecules corresponding to the sub-pixel region are deflected to a flat shape, so that the sub-pixel region does not leak light at a large viewing angle.
  • the liquid crystal molecules of the main pixel region rotate in a horizontal plane parallel to the upper and lower substrates, and are in an IPS or FFS mode of operation.
  • the liquid crystal molecules of the sub-pixel region rotate in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the upper and lower substrates, and are in a VA mode of operation.
  • the present invention utilizes whether a bias voltage is applied to the upper substrate electrode to select a wide viewing angle mode or a narrow viewing angle mode. Therefore, it is convenient to operate. Moreover, the present invention can be applied to a negative liquid crystal material by applying a bias voltage to the upper substrate electrode to realize a wide viewing angle mode. Compared with the conventional liquid crystal display using a double backlight system or a double-layer liquid crystal panel to realize wide and narrow viewing angle conversion, the thickness of the liquid crystal panel is reduced, and the manufacturing cost and energy consumption are reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a portion of a display area of a liquid crystal display panel according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2A is a view showing a deflection state of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal display panel of FIG. 1 in a narrow viewing angle;
  • FIG. 2B is a view showing a state of deflection of liquid crystal molecules in a dark state of a narrow viewing angle of the liquid crystal display panel of FIG. 1;
  • 3A is a view showing a deflection state of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal display panel of FIG. 1 in a wide viewing angle;
  • 3B is a view showing a state of deflection of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display panel of FIG. 1 in a wide viewing angle dark state.
  • the panel includes an upper substrate 10 and a lower substrate 20 disposed in parallel with each other, and a liquid crystal layer 30, preferably a negative liquid crystal material, disposed between the upper substrate 10 and the lower substrate 20.
  • the upper substrate 10 may include an upper substrate glass layer, an upper substrate quarter wave plate, an upper substrate half wave plate, and an upper substrate polarizing plate;
  • the lower substrate 20 may include a lower substrate glass layer and a lower substrate.
  • the optical axis directions of the upper substrate quarter wave plate and the lower substrate quarter wave plate are parallel to each other, and the upper substrate half wave plate and the lower substrate half wave plate optical axis direction are parallel to each other, and the upper substrate
  • the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing plate and the direction of the transmission axis of the lower substrate polarizing plate are perpendicular to each other.
  • the pixel unit located in the display area includes a main pixel area 100 and a sub-pixel area 200.
  • the main pixel area 100 is horizontally aligned.
  • the strip-shaped pixel electrode 110 and the common electrode 120 are spaced apart on the lower substrate 20, and the pixel electrode 110 and the common electrode 120 are parallel to each other.
  • the widths of the pixel electrode 110 and the common electrode 120 are equal, and the pitch of the pixel electrode 110 and the common electrode 120 are also equal.
  • the sub-pixel region 100 is vertically aligned.
  • upper substrate electrodes 210 and pixel electrodes 220 corresponding to each other are disposed on the lower substrate 10 and the lower substrate 20, respectively.
  • the pixel electrode 110 and the common electrode 120 located in the main pixel region 100, and the upper substrate electrode 210 and the pixel electrode 220 located in the sub-pixel region 200 may each be made of a transparent conductive material.
  • the transparent conductive material includes one or a combination of ITO, IZO, or IGO.
  • the main pixel region 100 is horizontally aligned and the sub-pixel region 200 is vertically aligned.
  • photo-alignment can be carried out using the same polyimide material or a different polyimide material.
  • the mask region may be used to cover the sub-pixel region, the horizontal alignment operation is performed on the main pixel region, and then the mask is used to cover the main pixel region, and the vertical alignment operation is performed on the sub-pixel region.
  • a vertical alignment film can be formed first in the sub-pixel region without a rubbing process, followed by coating a horizontal alignment film on the vertical alignment film, and then performing a rubbing process to achieve horizontal alignment. Thereafter, the horizontal alignment film on the vertical alignment film of the sub-pixel region is selectively removed by photolithography, thereby exposing the vertical alignment film of the sub-pixel region.
  • the liquid crystal molecules corresponding to the main pixel region and the sub-pixel region are respectively deflected correspondingly, and the liquid crystal display panel is correspondingly narrowed.
  • Perspective display and wide viewing angle display For example, the liquid crystal molecules of the main pixel region rotate in a horizontal plane parallel to the upper and lower substrates, in an IPS or FFS mode of operation.
  • the liquid crystal molecules of the sub-pixel region rotate in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the upper and lower substrates, and are in a VA mode of operation.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show the deflection state of liquid crystal molecules in the above-described liquid crystal display panel in a narrow viewing angle display mode.
  • the corresponding liquid crystal molecules rotate in a plane parallel to the upper and lower substrates.
  • the bias voltage is not applied to the upper substrate electrode of the sub-pixel region, or the bias voltage applied to the upper substrate electrode of the sub-pixel region is small, and the degree of driving liquid crystal molecules is not deflected, the sub-pixel region corresponds to The liquid crystal molecules maintain a large pretilt angle (labeled alpha in the figure). In this case, when the display screen is viewed at a large angle of view, lateral light leakage occurs in the sub-pixel region, whereby the liquid crystal display panel realizes a narrow viewing angle display.
  • 3A and 3B show the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules in the above-described liquid crystal display panel in the wide viewing angle display mode.
  • the corresponding liquid crystal molecules rotate in a plane parallel to the upper and lower substrates.
  • the angle of rotation of the liquid crystal molecules in a plane parallel to the upper and lower substrates is changed.
  • a corresponding bias voltage is applied to the upper substrate electrode of the sub-pixel region, or a bias voltage applied to the upper substrate electrode of the sub-pixel region is larger than a voltage threshold for driving liquid crystal molecules to be deflected, and the sub-pixel region corresponds to The liquid crystal molecules are deflected and the pretilt angle (labeled alpha) is reduced.
  • the liquid crystal display panel realizes a wide viewing angle display.
  • two display drivers may be provided to respectively control the voltages on the electrodes of the main pixel region and the sub-pixel region, thereby achieving switching between the narrow viewing angle display and the wide viewing angle display.
  • the liquid crystal display panel is in a narrow viewing angle mode
  • the two display drivers simultaneously apply voltages to the electrodes of the main pixel region and the sub-pixel region, the liquid crystal display panel is Wide viewing angle mode.
  • the voltage on the common electrode in the main pixel region may be constant, and the purpose of controlling the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules in the main pixel region is achieved only by applying a voltage on the corresponding pixel electrode. Since the voltage for controlling the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules is applied to the pixel electrodes of the main pixel region or the sub-pixel region is a prior art, it will not be described in detail herein.
  • the invention realizes a wide viewing angle mode by applying a bias voltage to the upper substrate electrode of the sub-pixel region, and can realize wide and narrow viewing angle conversion conveniently, and is particularly suitable for a liquid crystal panel using a negative liquid crystal material.
  • the present invention provides a liquid crystal display with wide and narrow viewing angle conversion, which reduces the thickness of the liquid crystal panel, and reduces manufacturing cost and energy consumption.

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Abstract

一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板及其驱动方法，该液晶显示面板显示区的像素单元包括主像素区（100）和次像素区（200）；主像素区（100）为水平配向，并且在主像素区（100）内，下基板（30）上间隔排布像素电极（110）和公共电极（120）；次像素区（200）为垂直配向，并且在次像素区（200）内，上基板（10）下和下基板（30）上分别设置相互对应的上基板电极（210）和像素电极（220）。其中，当次像素区（200）的上基板电极（210）没有施加偏置电压时，次像素区（200）对应的液晶分子不发生偏转，次像素区（200）大视角漏光，实现窄视角显示，当次像素区（200）的上基板电极（210）施加有偏置电压时，次像素区（200）对应的液晶分子偏转至平躺状，次像素区（200）大视角不再漏光，实现宽视角显示。

Description

一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板及其驱动方法
本申请要求享有2014年12月31日提交的名称为“一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板及其驱动方法”的中国专利申请为CN 201410856071.1的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及液晶显示技术，尤其指一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板及其驱动方法。
背景技术
可视角范围(简称可视角)是液晶显示面板的一个重要的性能指标。液晶显示面板需要通过调节液晶分子的排布来改变所透过的光线的偏振状态，进而实现显示功能。故，由于液晶分子的光学各向异性的影响，液晶显示器的可视角小于阴极射线管显示器的可视角。随着技术的不断发展，为了增大液晶显示器的可视角，垂直取向(VA)模式、花样垂直取向(PVA)模式、多筹垂直取向(MVA)模式、面内转换(IPS)模式、边缘电场转换(FFS)模式等技术被相继提出，且实现了液晶显示器的宽视角显示。
虽然现在的液晶显示面板已经朝着宽视角的方向发展，但是在某些情况下液晶显示面板还需要具备宽视角与窄视角相互切换的功能。对于手机、掌上电脑、笔记本电脑等采用液晶显示器的便携式电子设备而言，这种需求尤其突出。例如，有时用户需要与他人分享便携式电子设备显示的图像，而有时出于保护个人隐私的原因用户不希望他人看到便携式电子设备显示的图像。因此，有必要提供一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板。
在现有技术中，为了实现宽视角与窄视角相互切换，研究人员提出了以下几种解决方案。
1、利用百叶遮挡膜。当用户希望液晶显示面板窄视角显示图像时，将百叶遮挡膜附在液晶显示面板的屏幕上。这种方法操作不便，并且需要用户随身携带 百叶遮挡膜。
2、采用双背光系统。双背光系统法是用一个普通背光系统实现宽视角显示，再用另一个准直背光系统实现窄视角显示。这种方法无疑会增加液晶显示面板的制造成本、厚度以及能耗。
3、采用双层液晶板。即，用一块主液晶板正常地显示图像，用另一块附加液晶板控制显示视角。这种方法也会增加液晶显示面板的制造成本、厚度以及能耗。
显然，上述液晶显示面板在尺寸和能耗方面都不能满足便携式电子设备的要求。
为此，本发明的发明人基于从事液晶显示面板设计制造的实务经验和相关的专业知识，提出一种结构更加简单、操作更加方便的可切换视角的液晶显示面板，以满足手机等便携式电子设备对电路稳定性、重量以及能耗的高要求。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提出了一种结构更加简单、操作更加方便的可切换视角的液晶显示面板及其驱动方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板，包括上基板、下基板和位于所述上、下基板之间的液晶层，其中：
位于显示区的像素单元包括主像素区和次像素区；
所述主像素区为水平配向，并且在所述主像素区内，所述下基板上间隔排布像素电极和公共电极；
所述次像素区为垂直配向，并且在所述次像素区内，所述上基板下和所述下基板上分别设置相互对应的上基板电极和像素电极；
其中，当所述次像素区的上基板电极没有施加偏置电压时，所述次像素区对应的液晶分子不发生偏转，所述次像素区大视角漏光，实现窄视角显示，当所述次像素区的上基板电极施加有偏置电压时，所述次像素区对应的液晶分子偏转至平躺状，所述次像素区大视角不再漏光，实现宽视角显示。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述液晶显示面板还包括两个显示驱动器，分别用于控制所述主像素区和次像素区的电极上的电压；其中，当其中仅一个所述显示驱动器向所述主像素区的电极施加电压时，所述液晶显示面板为窄视角模式， 当两个所述显示驱动器同时向所述主像素区和次像素区的电极施加电压时，所述液晶显示面板为宽视角模式。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述主像素区的液晶分子在平行于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为IPS或FFS工作模式。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述次像素区的液晶分子在垂直于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为VA工作模式。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述主像素区的像素电极和公共电极，以及所述次像素区的上基板电极和像素电极均由透明导电材料制成。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上使用同一种聚炳亚胺材料对所述主像素区实现水平配向和对所述次像素区实现垂直配向。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上使用不同的聚炳亚胺材料分别对所述主像素区实现水平配向和对所述次像素区实现垂直配向。
此外，本发明还提供一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板的驱动方法，所述液晶显示面板显示区的像素单元包括主像素区和次像素区，所述主像素区为水平配向，在所述主像素区内的下基板上间隔排布有像素电极和公共电极，所述次像素区为垂直配向，在所述次像素区内的上基板下和下基板上分别设置有相互对应的上基板电极和像素电极；所述驱动方法包括以下步骤：
在窄视角显示模式下，不对所述次像素区的上基板电极施加偏置电压，使所述次像素区对应的液晶分子不发生偏转，进而使得所述次像素区大视角漏光；
在宽视角显示模式下，对所述次像素区的上基板电极施加偏置电压，使所述次像素区对应的液晶分子偏转至平躺状，进而使得所述次像素区大视角不再漏光。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述驱动方法中：
所述主像素区的液晶分子在平行于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为IPS或FFS工作模式。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述驱动方法中：
所述次像素区的液晶分子在垂直于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为VA工作模式。
与现有技术相比，本发明的一个或多个实施例可以具有如下优点：
本发明利用是否对上基板电极施加偏置电压来选择宽视角模式或窄视角模 式，因此操作便利。而且本发明在对上基板电极施加偏置电压来实现宽视角模式，可以适用于负性液晶材料。相较于传统的采用双背光系统或双层液晶板来实现宽、窄视角转换的液晶显示器，减小了液晶板的厚度，降低了制造成本和能耗。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例共同用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1是根据本发明一实施例的液晶显示面板的部分显示区的俯视图；
图2A是图1的液晶显示面板处于窄视角亮态下的液晶分子的偏转状态；
图2B是图1的液晶显示面板处于窄视角暗态下的液晶分子的偏转状态；
图3A是图1的液晶显示面板处于宽视角亮态下的液晶分子的偏转状态；
图3B是图1的液晶显示面板处于宽视角暗态下的液晶分子的偏转状态。
具体实施方式
本发明基于混合配光的技术为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，以下结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细说明。
下面结合图1～图3对本方法进行详细说明。
图1显示了本发明实施例一的液晶显示面板的部分显示区的俯视图。与现有技术相同，该面板包括彼此平行设置的上基板10和下基板20，以及设置在上基板10与下基板20之间的液晶层30，优选负性液晶材料。
在本实施例中，上基板10可以包括上基板玻璃层、上基板四分之一波片、上基板二分之一波片和上基板偏振片；下基板20可以包括下基板玻璃层、下基板四分之一波片、下基板二分之一波片和下基板偏振片。其中，上基板四分之一波片和下基板四分之一波片光轴方向相互平行，上基板二分之一波片和下基板二分之一波片光轴方向相互平行，上基板偏振片透光轴方向和下基板偏振片透光轴方向相互垂直。
位于显示区的像素单元包括主像素区100和次像素区200。
主像素区100为水平配向。在主像素区100内，细条形的像素电极110和公共电极120间隔地排布在下基板20上，且像素电极110和公共电极120相互平行。通常，像素电极110和公共电极120的宽度相等，像素电极110和公共电极120的间距也相等。
次像素区100为垂直配向。在次像素区200内，在上基板10下和下基板20上分别设置有相互对应的上基板电极210和像素电极220。
上述位于主像素区100的像素电极110和公共电极120，以及位于次像素区200的上基板电极210和像素电极220可以均采用透明导电材料制作。所述透明导电材料包括ITO、IZO或IGO中的一种或其组合。
此外，为了实现宽视角与窄视角的切换，对主像素区100进行水平配向和对次像素区200进行垂直配向。具体地，可以使用同一种聚炳亚胺材料或者不同的聚炳亚胺材料进行光配向。
如果使用同一种聚炳亚胺材料，可以先使用掩膜覆盖次像素区，对主像素区完成水平配向操作，然后再使用掩膜覆盖主像素区，对次像素区完成垂直配向操作。
如果使用不同的聚炳亚胺材料，可以不经摩擦制程，首先在次像素区形成垂直配向膜，接着在垂直配向膜上涂布水平配向膜，然后执行摩擦制程以实现水平配向。之后，通过光刻选择性地去除次像素区的垂直配向膜上的水平配向膜，从而露出次像素区的垂直配向膜。
通过向水平配向的主像素区和垂直配向的次像素区的电极分别施加相应的电压，使得主像素区和次像素区所对应的液晶分子分别发生相应的偏转，液晶显示面板得以实现相应的窄视角显示和宽视角显示。例如，主像素区的液晶分子在平行于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为IPS或FFS工作模式。次像素区的液晶分子在垂直于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为VA工作模式。
具体工作方式如下。
图2A和图2B显示了上述液晶显示面板处于窄视角显示模式下的液晶分子的偏转状态。
当仅向主像素区中的电极(像素电极和/或公共电极)施加相应的电压时，由于主像素区为水平配向，所对应的液晶分子在平行于上、下基板的平面内旋转。通过控制电压的大小，改变液晶分子在在平行于上、下基板的平面内的旋转角度。 同时，由于没有对次像素区的上基板电极施加偏置电压，或者对次像素区的上基板电极施加的偏置电压很小，还没有达到驱动液晶分子偏转的程度，那么次像素区所对应的液晶分子保持有大的预倾角(图中标示为alpha)。在这种情况下，当大视角地观看显示屏时，次像素区出现侧向漏光，由此液晶显示面板实现窄视角显示。
图3A和3B显示了上述液晶显示面板处于宽视角显示模式下的液晶分子的偏转状态。
当向主像素区中的电极(像素电极和/或公共电极)施加相应的电压时，由于主像素区为水平配向，所对应的液晶分子在平行于上、下基板的平面内旋转。通过控制电压的大小，改变液晶分子在在平行于上、下基板的平面内的旋转角度。同时，向次像素区的上基板电极施加相应的偏置电压，或者对次像素区的上基板电极施加的偏置电压较大，超过了驱动液晶分子偏转的电压阈值，那么次像素区所对应的液晶分子发生偏转，预倾角(图中标示为alpha)减小。当电压达到一定的大小时，次像素区的液晶分子完全“倾倒”成平躺状，次像素区大视角不再漏光，此时液晶显示面板实现了宽视角显示。
由此，在具体实施时，可以设置两个显示驱动器，分别控制主像素区和次像素区的电极上的电压，进而实现窄视角显示和宽视角显示的切换。例如，当其中仅一个显示驱动器向主像素区的电极施加电压时，液晶显示面板为窄视角模式，当两个显示驱动器同时向主像素区和次像素区的电极施加电压时，液晶显示面板为宽视角模式。
需要说明的是，在具体实施时根据需要，主像素区中的公共电极上的电压可以一定，仅通过在对应的像素电极上施加电压，达到控制主像素区的液晶分子偏转的目的。由于对主像素区或次像素区的像素电极施加用于控制液晶分子偏转角度的电压为现有技术，因此此处不做细述。
本发明通过对次像素区的上基板电极施加偏置电压来实现宽视角模式，可以很方便地实现宽、窄视角转换，尤其适用于采用负性液晶材料的液晶面板。相较于传统的采用双背光系统或双层液晶板，本发明提供的实现宽、窄视角转换的液晶显示器，减小了液晶面板的厚度，降低了制造成本和能耗。
上述仅为本发明的具体实施案例，本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术的技术人员在本发明所述的技术规范内，对本发明的修改或替换，都应 在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板，包括上基板、下基板和位于所述上、下基板之间的液晶层，其中：
    位于显示区的像素单元包括主像素区和次像素区；
    所述主像素区为水平配向，并且在所述主像素区内，所述下基板上间隔排布像素电极和公共电极；
    所述次像素区为垂直配向，并且在所述次像素区内，所述上基板下和所述下基板上分别设置相互对应的上基板电极和像素电极；
    其中，当所述次像素区的上基板电极没有施加偏置电压时，所述次像素区对应的液晶分子不发生偏转，所述次像素区大视角漏光，实现窄视角显示，当所述次像素区的上基板电极施加有偏置电压时，所述次像素区对应的液晶分子偏转至平躺状，所述次像素区大视角不再漏光，实现宽视角显示。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其中还包括：
    两个显示驱动器，分别控制所述主像素区和次像素区的电极上的电压；
    其中，当其中仅一个所述显示驱动器向所述主像素区的电极施加电压时，所述液晶显示面板为窄视角模式，当两个所述显示驱动器同时向所述主像素区和次像素区的电极施加电压时，所述液晶显示面板为宽视角模式。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其中：
    所述主像素区的液晶分子在平行于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为IPS或FFS工作模式。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的液晶显示面板，其中：
    所述主像素区的液晶分子在平行于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为IPS或FFS工作模式。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其中：
    所述次像素区的液晶分子在垂直于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为VA工作模式。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的液晶显示面板，其中：
    所述次像素区的液晶分子在垂直于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为VA工作模式。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的液晶显示面板，其中：
    所述次像素区的液晶分子在垂直于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为VA工作模式。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其中：
    所述主像素区的像素电极和公共电极，以及所述次像素区的上基板电极和像素电极均由透明导电材料制成。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其中：
    使用同一种聚炳亚胺材料对所述主像素区实现水平配向和对所述次像素区实现垂直配向。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其中：
    使用同一种聚炳亚胺材料对所述主像素区实现水平配向和对所述次像素区实现垂直配向。
  11. 如权利要求2所述的液晶显示面板，其中：
    使用同一种聚炳亚胺材料对所述主像素区实现水平配向和对所述次像素区实现垂直配向。
  12. 如权利要求3所述的液晶显示面板，其中：
    使用同一种聚炳亚胺材料对所述主像素区实现水平配向和对所述次像素区实现垂直配向。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其中：
    使用不同的聚炳亚胺材料分别对所述主像素区实现水平配向和对所述次像素区实现垂直配向。
  14. 如权利要求2所述的液晶显示面板，其中：
    使用不同的聚炳亚胺材料分别对所述主像素区实现水平配向和对所述次像素区实现垂直配向。
  15. 如权利要求3所述的液晶显示面板，其中：
    使用不同的聚炳亚胺材料分别对所述主像素区实现水平配向和对所述次像素区实现垂直配向。
  16. 一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板的驱动方法，所述液晶显示面板显示区的像素单元包括主像素区和次像素区，所述主像素区为水平配向，在所述主像素区内的下基板上间隔排布有像素电极和公共电极，所述次像素区为垂直配向，在所述次像素区内的上基板下和下基板上分别设置有相互对应的上基板电极和像 素电极；所述驱动方法包括以下步骤：
    在窄视角显示模式下，不对所述次像素区的上基板电极施加偏置电压，使所述次像素区对应的液晶分子不发生偏转，进而使得所述次像素区大视角漏光；
    在宽视角显示模式下，对所述次像素区的上基板电极施加偏置电压，使所述次像素区对应的液晶分子偏转至平躺状，进而使得所述次像素区大视角不再漏光。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的驱动方法，其中：
    所述主像素区的液晶分子在平行于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为IPS或FFS工作模式。
  18. 如权利要求16所述的驱动方法，其中：
    所述次像素区的液晶分子在垂直于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为VA工作模式。
  19. 如权利要求17所述的驱动方法，其中：
    所述次像素区的液晶分子在垂直于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为VA工作模式。
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