CN104460138B - 一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板及其驱动方法 - Google Patents

一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板及其驱动方法 Download PDF

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CN104460138B
CN104460138B CN201410856071.1A CN201410856071A CN104460138B CN 104460138 B CN104460138 B CN 104460138B CN 201410856071 A CN201410856071 A CN 201410856071A CN 104460138 B CN104460138 B CN 104460138B
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CN104460138A (zh
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唐岳军
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TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板及其驱动方法。该液晶显示面板显示区的像素单元包括主像素区和次像素区；主像素区为水平配向，并且在主像素区内，下基板上间隔排布像素电极和公共电极；次像素区为垂直配向，并且在次像素区内，上基板下和下基板上分别设置相互对应的上基板电极和像素电极。其中，当次像素区的上基板电极没有施加偏置电压时，次像素区对应的液晶分子不发生偏转，次像素区大视角漏光，实现窄视角显示，当次像素区的上基板电极施加有偏置电压时，次像素区对应的液晶分子偏转至平躺状，次像素区大视角不再漏光，实现宽视角显示。

Description

一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板及其驱动方法
技术领域
本发明涉及液晶显示技术，尤其指一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板及其驱动方法。
背景技术
可视角范围(简称可视角)是液晶显示面板的一个重要的性能指标。液晶显示面板需要通过调节液晶分子的排布来改变所透过的光线的偏振状态，进而实现显示功能。故，由于液晶分子的光学各向异性的影响，液晶显示器的可视角小于阴极射线管显示器的可视角。随着技术的不断发展，为了增大液晶显示器的可视角，垂直取向(VA)模式、花样垂直取向(PVA)模式、多筹垂直取向(MVA)模式、面内转换(IPS)模式、边缘电场转换(FFS)模式等技术被相继提出，且实现了液晶显示器的宽视角显示。
虽然现在的液晶显示面板已经朝着宽视角的方向发展，但是在某些情况下液晶显示面板还需要具备宽视角与窄视角相互切换的功能。对于手机、掌上电脑、笔记本电脑等采用液晶显示器的便携式电子设备而言，这种需求尤其突出。例如，有时用户需要与他人分享便携式电子设备显示的图像，而有时出于保护个人隐私的原因用户不希望他人看到便携式电子设备显示的图像。因此，有必要提供一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板。
在现有技术中，为了实现宽视角与窄视角相互切换，研究人员提出了以下几种解决方案。
1、利用百叶遮挡膜。当用户希望液晶显示面板窄视角显示图像时，将百叶遮挡膜附在液晶显示面板的屏幕上。这种方法操作不便，并且需要用户随身携带百叶遮挡膜。
2、采用双背光系统。双背光系统法是用一个普通背光系统实现宽视角显示，再用另一个准直背光系统实现窄视角显示。这种方法无疑会增加液晶显示面板的制造成本、厚度以及能耗。
3、采用双层液晶板。即，用一块主液晶板正常地显示图像，用另一块附加液晶板控制显示视角。这种方法也会增加液晶显示面板的制造成本、厚度以及能耗。
显然，上述液晶显示面板在尺寸和能耗方面都不能满足便携式电子设备的要求。
为此，本发明的发明人基于从事液晶显示面板设计制造的实务经验和相关的专业知识，提出一种结构更加简单、操作更加方便的可切换视角的液晶显示面板，以满足手机等便携式电子设备对电路稳定性、重量以及能耗的高要求。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提出了一种结构更加简单、操作更加方便的可切换视角的液晶显示面板及其驱动方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板，包括上基板、下基板和位于所述上、下基板之间的液晶层，其特征在于：
位于显示区的像素单元包括主像素区和次像素区；
所述主像素区为水平配向，并且在所述主像素区内，所述下基板上间隔排布像素电极和公共电极；
所述次像素区为垂直配向，并且在所述次像素区内，所述上基板下和所述下基板上分别设置相互对应的上基板电极和像素电极；
其中，当所述次像素区的上基板电极没有施加偏置电压时，所述次像素区对应的液晶分子不发生偏转，所述次像素区大视角漏光，实现窄视角显示，当所述次像素区的上基板电极施加有偏置电压时，所述次像素区对应的液晶分子偏转至平躺状，所述次像素区大视角不再漏光，实现宽视角显示。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述液晶显示面板还包括两个显示驱动器，分别用于控制所述主像素区和次像素区的电极上的电压；其中，当其中仅一个所述显示驱动器向所述主像素区的电极施加电压时，所述液晶显示面板为窄视角模式，当两个所述显示驱动器同时向所述主像素区和次像素区的电极施加电压时，所述液晶显示面板为宽视角模式。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述主像素区的液晶分子在平行于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为IPS工作模式。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述次像素区的液晶分子在垂直于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为VA工作模式。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述主像素区的像素电极和公共电极，以及所述次像素区的上基板电极和像素电极均由透明导电材料制成。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上使用同一种聚炳亚胺材料对所述主像素区实现水平配向和对所述次像素区实现垂直配向。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上使用不同的聚炳亚胺材料分别对所述主像素区实现水平配向和对所述次像素区实现垂直配向。
此外，本发明还提供一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板的驱动方法，所述液晶显示面板显示区的像素单元包括主像素区和次像素区，所述主像素区为水平配向，在所述主像素区内的下基板上间隔排布有像素电极和公共电极，所述次像素区为垂直配向，在所述次像素区内的上基板下和下基板上分别设置有相互对应的上基板电极和像素电极；所述驱动方法包括以下步骤：
在窄视角显示模式下，不对所述次像素区的上基板电极施加偏置电压，使所述次像素区对应的液晶分子不发生偏转，进而使得所述次像素区大视角漏光；
在宽视角显示模式下，对所述次像素区的上基板电极施加偏置电压，使所述次像素区对应的液晶分子偏转至平躺状，进而使得所述次像素区大视角不再漏光。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述驱动方法中：
所述主像素区的液晶分子在平行于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为IPS工作模式。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述驱动方法中：
所述次像素区的液晶分子在垂直于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为VA工作模式。
与现有技术相比，本发明的一个或多个实施例可以具有如下优点：
本发明利用是否对上基板电极施加偏置电压来选择宽视角模式或窄视角模式，因此操作便利。而且本发明在对上基板电极施加偏置电压来实现宽视角模式，可以适用于负性液晶材料。相较于传统的采用双背光系统或双层液晶板来实现宽、窄视角转换的液晶显示器，减小了液晶板的厚度，降低了制造成本和能耗。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例共同用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1是根据本发明一实施例的液晶显示面板的部分显示区的俯视图；
图2A是图1的液晶显示面板处于窄视角亮态下的液晶分子的偏转状态；
图2B是图1的液晶显示面板处于窄视角暗态下的液晶分子的偏转状态；
图3A是图1的液晶显示面板处于宽视角亮态下的液晶分子的偏转状态；
图3B是图1的液晶显示面板处于宽视角暗态下的液晶分子的偏转状态。
具体实施方式
本发明基于混合配光的技术为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，以下结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细说明。
下面结合图1～图3对本方法进行详细说明。
图1显示了本发明实施例一的液晶显示面板的部分显示区的俯视图。与现有技术相同，该面板包括彼此平行设置的上基板10和下基板30，以及设置在上基板10与下基板30之间的液晶层20，优选负性液晶材料。
在本实施例中，上基板10可以包括上基板玻璃层、上基板四分之一波片、上基板二分之一波片和上基板偏振片；下基板30可以包括下基板玻璃层、下基板四分之一波片、下基板二分之一波片和下基板偏振片。其中，上基板四分之一波片和下基板四分之一波片光轴方向相互平行，上基板二分之一波片和下基板二分之一波片光轴方向相互平行，上基板偏振片透光轴方向和下基板偏振片透光轴方向相互垂直。
位于显示区的像素单元包括主像素区100和次像素区200。
主像素区100为水平配向。在主像素区100内，细条形的像素电极110和公共电极120间隔地排布在下基板30上，且像素电极110和公共电极120相互平行。通常，像素电极110和公共电极120的宽度相等，像素电极110和公共电极120的间距也相等。
次像素区200为垂直配向。在次像素区200内，在上基板10下和下基板30上分别设置有相互对应的上基板电极210和像素电极220。
上述位于主像素区100的像素电极110和公共电极120，以及位于次像素区200的上基板电极210和像素电极220可以均采用透明导电材料制作。所述透明导电材料包括ITO、IZO或IGO中的一种或其组合。
此外，为了实现宽视角与窄视角的切换，对主像素区100进行水平配向和对次像素区200进行垂直配向。具体地，可以使用同一种聚炳亚胺材料或者不同的聚炳亚胺材料进行光配向。
如果使用同一种聚炳亚胺材料，可以先使用掩膜覆盖次像素区，对主像素区完成水平配向操作，然后再使用掩膜覆盖主像素区，对次像素区完成垂直配向操作。
如果使用不同的聚炳亚胺材料，可以不经摩擦制程，首先在次像素区形成垂直配向膜，接着在垂直配向膜上涂布水平配向膜，然后执行摩擦制程以实现水平配向。之后，通过光刻选择性地去除次像素区的垂直配向膜上的水平配向膜，从而露出次像素区的垂直配向膜。
通过向水平配向的主像素区和垂直配向的次像素区的电极分别施加相应的电压，使得主像素区和次像素区所对应的液晶分子分别发生相应的偏转，液晶显示面板得以实现相应的窄视角显示和宽视角显示。例如，主像素区的液晶分子在平行于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为IPS工作模式。次像素区的液晶分子在垂直于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为VA工作模式。
具体工作方式如下。
图2A和图2B显示了上述液晶显示面板处于窄视角显示模式下的液晶分子的偏转状态。
当仅向主像素区中的电极(像素电极和/或公共电极)施加相应的电压时，由于主像素区为水平配向，所对应的液晶分子在平行于上、下基板的平面内旋转。通过控制电压的大小，改变液晶分子在在平行于上、下基板的平面内的旋转角度。同时，由于没有对次像素区的上基板电极施加偏置电压，或者对次像素区的上基板电极施加的偏置电压很小，还没有达到驱动液晶分子偏转的程度，那么次像素区所对应的液晶分子保持有大的预倾角(图中标示为alpha)。在这种情况下，当大视角地观看显示屏时，次像素区出现侧向漏光，由此液晶显示面板实现窄视角显示。
图3A和3B显示了上述液晶显示面板处于宽视角显示模式下的液晶分子的偏转状态。
当向主像素区中的电极(像素电极和/或公共电极)施加相应的电压时，由于主像素区为水平配向，所对应的液晶分子在平行于上、下基板的平面内旋转。通过控制电压的大小，改变液晶分子在在平行于上、下基板的平面内的旋转角度。同时，向次像素区的上基板电极施加相应的偏置电压，或者对次像素区的上基板电极施加的偏置电压较大，超过了驱动液晶分子偏转的电压阈值，那么次像素区所对应的液晶分子发生偏转，预倾角(图中标示为alpha)减小。当电压达到一定的大小时，次像素区的液晶分子完全“倾倒”成平躺状，次像素区大视角不再漏光，此时液晶显示面板实现了宽视角显示。
由此，在具体实施时，可以设置两个显示驱动器，分别控制主像素区和次像素区的电极上的电压，进而实现窄视角显示和宽视角显示的切换。例如，当其中仅一个显示驱动器向主像素区的电极施加电压时，液晶显示面板为窄视角模式，当两个显示驱动器同时向主像素区和次像素区的电极施加电压时，液晶显示面板为宽视角模式。
需要说明的是，在具体实施时根据需要，主像素区中的公共电极上的电压可以一定，仅通过在对应的像素电极上施加电压，达到控制主像素区的液晶分子偏转的目的。由于对主像素区或次像素区的像素电极施加用于控制液晶分子偏转角度的电压为现有技术，因此此处不做细述。
本发明通过对次像素区的上基板电极施加偏置电压来实现宽视角模式，可以很方便地实现宽、窄视角转换，尤其适用于采用负性液晶材料的液晶面板。相较于传统的采用双背光系统或双层液晶板，本发明提供的实现宽、窄视角转换的液晶显示器，减小了液晶面板的厚度，降低了制造成本和能耗。
上述仅为本发明的具体实施案例，本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术的技术人员在本发明所述的技术规范内，对本发明的修改或替换，都应在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板，包括上基板、下基板和位于所述上、下基板之间的液晶层，其特征在于：
位于显示区的像素单元包括主像素区和次像素区；
所述主像素区为水平配向，并且在所述主像素区内，所述下基板上间隔排布像素电极和公共电极；
所述次像素区为垂直配向，并且在所述次像素区内，所述上基板下和所述下基板上分别设置相互对应的上基板电极和像素电极；
其中，当所述次像素区的上基板电极没有施加偏置电压时，所述次像素区对应的液晶分子不发生偏转，所述次像素区大视角漏光，实现窄视角显示，当所述次像素区的上基板电极施加有偏置电压时，所述次像素区对应的液晶分子偏转至平躺状，所述次像素区大视角不再漏光，实现宽视角显示。
2.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于，还包括：
两个显示驱动器，分别控制所述主像素区和次像素区的电极上的电压；
其中，当其中仅一个所述显示驱动器向所述主像素区的电极施加电压时，所述液晶显示面板为窄视角模式，当两个所述显示驱动器同时向所述主像素区和次像素区的电极施加电压时，所述液晶显示面板为宽视角模式。
3.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于：
所述主像素区的液晶分子在平行于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为IPS工作模式。
4.如权利要求1～3任意一项所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于：
所述次像素区的液晶分子在垂直于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为VA工作模式。
5.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于：
所述主像素区的像素电极和公共电极，以及所述次像素区的上基板电极和像素电极均由透明导电材料制成。
6.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于：
使用同一种聚炳亚胺材料对所述主像素区实现水平配向和对所述次像素区实现垂直配向。
7.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于：
使用不同的聚炳亚胺材料分别对所述主像素区实现水平配向和对所述次像素区实现垂直配向。
8.一种可切换视角的液晶显示面板的驱动方法，所述液晶显示面板显示区的像素单元包括主像素区和次像素区，所述主像素区为水平配向，在所述主像素区内的下基板上间隔排布有像素电极和公共电极，所述次像素区为垂直配向，在所述次像素区内的上基板下和下基板上分别设置有相互对应的上基板电极和像素电极；所述驱动方法包括以下步骤：
在窄视角显示模式下，不对所述次像素区的上基板电极施加偏置电压，使所述次像素区对应的液晶分子不发生偏转，进而使得所述次像素区大视角漏光；
在宽视角显示模式下，对所述次像素区的上基板电极施加偏置电压，使所述次像素区对应的液晶分子偏转至平躺状，进而使得所述次像素区大视角不再漏光。
9.如权利要求8所述的驱动方法，其特征在于：
所述主像素区的液晶分子在平行于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为IPS工作模式。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的驱动方法，其特征在于：
所述次像素区的液晶分子在垂直于所述上、下基板的水平面内发生旋转，为VA工作模式。
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