WO2016103362A1 - 貫入試験方法 - Google Patents
貫入試験方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016103362A1 WO2016103362A1 PCT/JP2014/084121 JP2014084121W WO2016103362A1 WO 2016103362 A1 WO2016103362 A1 WO 2016103362A1 JP 2014084121 W JP2014084121 W JP 2014084121W WO 2016103362 A1 WO2016103362 A1 WO 2016103362A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- penetration
- load
- soil
- rod
- torque
- Prior art date
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an intrusion test method for determining the underground soil and stratum structure.
- the penetration test method described in Patent Document 1 is known as a penetration test method for knowing the underground soil structure and stratum structure.
- the penetration test method described in Patent Document 1 penetrates into the ground while rotating a rod with a screw point attached to the tip, detects rotational load torque, and prepares torque judgment criteria for various soils prepared in advance. Compared with the value, the soil quality corresponding to the rotational load torque is determined.
- the present invention has been created in view of the above problems, and applies a predetermined load and rotation to penetrate the penetration rod into the ground, and obtains test data that fluctuates due to the penetration of the penetration rod.
- This test data is compared with the stratum structure data already obtained on another land that satisfies the same topographical condition in the area where the penetration test site belongs, and It is characterized by determining the stratum structure.
- the test data is based on the rotational load torque that the penetrating rod receives from the soil, the load applied to the penetrating rod, the penetrating depth of the penetrating rod, the number of rotations of the penetrating rod, the penetrating speed of the penetrating rod, and the rotational load torque. Selection from the group of correction torque excluding the influence of peripheral friction, correction load excluding the influence of soil peripheral friction from the load, penetration energy of the penetrating rod, normalized torque, normalized N sw , and plastic potential coefficient c p It is desirable that the data is one or more data. In addition, it is desirable to obtain a plurality of test data at a predetermined timing.
- the present invention collates test data such as rotational load torque and the like with existing stratum structure data in the area to which the penetration test site belongs, and determines the soil / stratum structure in the land.
- the soil structure / stratum structure estimated from the test data can be supplemented / supported by the stratum structure data, even if the test data varies due to the characteristics of the soil, the soil structure is accurate and reliable.
- advantages such as being able to determine the geological structure.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2. It is a conceptual diagram for the description of the circumferential friction which acts on the penetration rod penetrated into the ground. It is a plot figure of the test data (correction torque) used for judgment of a soil and stratum structure. It is a plot figure of the test data (load before correction
- test data plastic potential coefficient
- test data normalized Nsw
- reference numeral 1 denotes an automatic penetration testing machine, which has a lifting platform 3 that can be lifted and lowered along a standing column 2.
- the elevator 3 is provided with a chuck motor 4, and a chuck unit 6 is connected to an output shaft 4 a of the chuck motor 4 via a torque detection mechanism 5.
- the chuck unit 6 has a hollow structure disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-2731, and is disposed so as to be rotatable with respect to the elevator 3.
- a rod-shaped penetrating rod 7 is detachably attached to the chuck unit 6. And it is rotatably held integrally with the chuck unit 6.
- the penetrating rod 7 includes a rod-shaped rod 7a held by the chuck unit 6 and a sharp pointed screw point 7b integrally connected to the tip of the rod 7a.
- the torque detection mechanism 5 is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-299370.
- the torque detection mechanism 5 is provided on the chuck motor side and the chuck unit side of the planetary gear mechanism 5a.
- a differential is generated, and the strain of the structural material caused by this operation is detected by the strain gauge 5b.
- the output shaft 4a of the chuck motor 4 is connected to the planetary gear mechanism 5a of the torque detection mechanism 5.
- the sprocket 8 is integrated with the output shaft 5c of the planetary gear mechanism 5a. It is mounted for rotation.
- a sprocket 9 is also rotatably attached to the lower part of the chuck unit 6, and an annular chain 10 is wound around these sprockets 8 and 9 to drive the chuck motor 4 via the planetary gear mechanism 5 a. It transmits to the unit 6, and it is comprised so that the chuck
- an elevating motor 11 is provided at the rear part of the elevating platform 3, and an output shaft 11a of the elevating motor 11 is provided with a one-way clutch 12 and a brake means 13 as shown in FIG.
- the sprocket 14 is connected.
- the sprocket 14 is always meshed with a chain member 2 a arranged extending in the longitudinal direction of the support column 2, and the elevator 3 is moved along the support column 2 by rotating the sprocket 14 along the chain member 2 a.
- a plurality of weight adjustment weights 3a are detachably disposed at the front portion of the lifting / lowering base 3, and the total equipment mass of the equipment including the weight 3a (including the weight of the lifting / lowering base 3 itself) In other words, the penetrating rod 7 can be loaded. Due to the total mass of the equipment including the elevator 3, it is possible to apply a maximum load of 1 KN to the penetrating rod 7.
- the structure of the lifting motor 11 or the sprocket 14 is the same as that disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-346668, and one of the lifting motors 11 is operated by the one-way clutch 12. Only the drive is transmitted to the sprocket 14, and the rotation of the sprocket 14 can be braked by the operation of the brake means 13. Specifically, when the elevating motor 11 is driven to rotate the sprocket 14 in the direction in which the elevating platform 3 is raised, the drive of the elevating motor 11 is transmitted to the sprocket 14 by the action of the one-way clutch 12.
- the one-way clutch 12 idles and the driving of the lifting / lowering motor 11 is not transmitted to the sprocket 14. It is configured as follows. Therefore, when the lifting / lowering motor 11 is reversely driven while the screw point 7b is in contact with the ground, the resistance of the lifting / lowering motor 11 received by the sprocket 14 is released, and the penetration rod 7 (rod 7a or screw point 7b) The load by the total equipment mass including the lifting platform 3 can be applied. This load can be freely changed from 0 N to a maximum load of 1 KN by changing the force with which the brake means 13 brakes the sprocket 14. As the brake means 13, it is preferable to use a powder brake or a powder clutch.
- Reference numeral 15 in the figure denotes a control unit that controls the driving of the chuck motor 4, the lifting motor 11, the brake means 13, and the like, as well as detection means provided in each part of the automatic penetration testing machine 1.
- Various test data are determined from the signal.
- a detection means in addition to the torque detection mechanism 5, a proximity sensor that is turned on / off by detecting the passage of teeth when the sprocket 8 rotates is located at a position facing the teeth of the sprocket 8 on the chuck unit 6 side. (Not shown) is provided.
- a rotary encoder 16 is connected to the rotation shaft of the sprocket 14 so that the amount of rotation of the sprocket 14 can be detected.
- the penetration test starts from a position where the screw point 7b at the tip of the penetration rod 7 is in contact with the ground surface. Up to this position, a manual operation button (not shown) provided in the control unit 15 is pushed to reversely drive the lifting motor 11 to lower the lifting platform 3.
- a test start signal is given to the control unit 15 by pushing a start button (not shown) from this position, the control unit 15 starts penetrating control of the penetrating rod 7 into the ground. That is, the control unit 15 receives the test start signal and reversely drives the lifting motor 11 and rotates the chuck motor 4. As a result, a load due to the mass of the lifting platform 3 and the like is applied to the penetrating rod 7 and rotation by driving the chuck motor 4 is applied. Under this load and rotation, the penetration rod 7 penetrates into the ground.
- the control unit 15 controls the brake means 13 to increase the load applied to the penetrating rod 7 in the order of the minimum load 50N to 150N, 250N, 500N, 750N, 1000N (1KN).
- each load value, the rotational load torque that the penetrating rod 7 receives from the soil under each load, the half-rotation number of the penetrating rod 7 under each load (the penetration that counted one revolution of the penetrating rod 7 as 2) The number of rotations of the rod 7) and the increment of the penetration amount of the penetration rod 7 under each load are calculated and acquired.
- the control unit 15 calculates and acquires the penetration depth of the screw point 7b under each load by integrating the increment of the penetration amount, and calculates the penetration speed of the screw point 7b from the penetration amount per unit time. Get.
- the test data (load, rotational load torque, half rotation speed, penetration amount increment, penetration depth, penetration speed) acquired in the control unit 15 in this way is stored in the storage unit of the control unit 15 based on the penetration depth. Is done.
- the rotational load torque is acquired by processing the signal of the strain gauge 5b of the torque detection mechanism 5 in the control unit 15. Further, the number of half revolutions of the penetrating rod 7 is determined by counting the ON / OFF signal of a proximity sensor (not shown) that detects the passage of teeth of the sprocket 8 in the control unit 15 and counting the number of penetrating rods 7 per signal. Calculated by multiplying by the rotation angle and dividing by 180. Further, the increment of the penetration amount of the penetration rod 7 is calculated by calculating the number of rotations of the sprocket 14 from the signal of the rotary encoder 16 in the control unit 15 and multiplying this by the penetration amount per one revolution of the sprocket (the descending amount of the lifting platform 3). To calculate.
- the control unit 15 repeats the above processing for each unit section with a section where the penetration rod 7 penetrates 25 cm as a unit section, and penetrates the screw point 7b to a predetermined penetration depth (for example, a depth of 10 m in the ground). .
- the rod 7a of the penetration rod 7 is extended by screwing an extension rod (not shown) to the upper screw portion 7c as necessary.
- the Enomoto automatic penetration testing machine 1 processes test data by applying a plasticity analogy model to the rotational load torque corresponding to the aforementioned load.
- the plasticity analogy model is a mathematical model that describes the relationship between the load and displacement of a structure, using the same framework (analogue) as the constitutive law that gives the relationship between soil stress and strain.
- the load applied to the structure includes a vertical load, a moment, a horizontal load, etc., but the load at the time of destruction of the structure changes depending on the combination of other loads.
- the magnitude of such a combined load is described as a yield surface, and the displacement increment corresponding to each of these loads is described using a plastic potential function.
- the test that penetrates the penetrating rod into the ground by applying load and rotation such as the Swedish sounding test and the penetration test introduced in this example, applies the rotational load torque in the rotation stage in addition to the vertical load in the load stage. Since it is a load test, it can be said that it is one of the problems of combined loads to which the plasticity analogy model can be applied.
- the plasticity analogy model for such penetration tests is constructed as follows.
- the penetration energy ⁇ E at the time of penetration by the rotational load torque T and the load W applied to the screw point 7b is: It can be expressed as.
- ⁇ n ht is an increase in half rotation speed
- ⁇ s t is an increase in penetration amount.
- the rotational load torque T and the load W are the rotational load torque and the load from which the component due to the friction of the peripheral surface of the soil acting on the surface of the rod 7a is removed, that is, the rotational load torque and the load that are net loaded on the screw point 7b. .
- correction torque and correction load are referred to as correction torque and correction load.
- Equation 1 The value on the right side of Equation 1 indicates the energy at the time of penetration due to a load on the left, and the energy at the time of penetration due to rotation addition on the right. That is, the energy ⁇ E is represented by the sum of the penetration energy due to the load and the penetration energy due to the rotation.
- this number 1 to normalized using the product of the maximum diameter D of the scuttled load W p and the screw point 7b, It becomes.
- T n is a normalized torque
- W n is a normalized load.
- T n and .DELTA.n ht and W n and .delta.s t / D is determined to have a coaxiality respectively.
- the rotational load torque obtained by the penetration test and the yield curved surface by the load can be expressed by an ellipse having a center at the origin. Therefore, using the yield surface coefficients c y that determines the shape of the yield surface, It expresses.
- this number 3 is expressed using the number 2, If this is arranged, the yield surface can be expressed in another form as follows.
- Plastic potential coefficient c p is to yield surface obtained by processing the test data in the mathematical model known as macro elements, which indicate the slope of a straight line intersecting at right angles through the coordinate origin, geological, soil each Shows different values.
- the macro element is also called a plasticity analogy model, and uses the same framework (analogue) as the constitutive law that gives the relationship between the stress and strain of the soil, and describes the relationship between the load and displacement of the structure. That's it.
- the load applied to the structure includes a vertical load, a moment, a horizontal load, etc., but the load at the time of destruction of the structure changes depending on the combination of other loads.
- the magnitude of such a combined load is described as a yield surface, and the displacement increments corresponding to these loads are described using a plastic potential function.
- the test that penetrates the penetrating rod into the ground by applying load and rotation such as the Swedish sounding test and the penetration test introduced in this example, applies the rotational load torque in the rotation stage in addition to the vertical load in the load stage. Since this is a load test, it can be said that this is one of the problems of combined loads to which microelements can be applied.
- FIG. 5 shows a conceptual diagram of the peripheral friction acting on the penetrating rod 4.
- the load W a and the rotational load torque T a taking into consideration the circumferential friction (actually the penetration rod 7 and the rotational load torque detected in the penetration test) are expressed by Equations 9 and 10.
- the basis of soil determination of the correction torque T, the correction load W, the penetration energy ⁇ E, the normalized torque T n , the plastic potential coefficient c p and the normalized N sw is obtained by using the above formulas.
- Test data to be obtained are obtained, and plots obtained by plotting them corresponding to the penetration depth are obtained (see FIGS. 6 to 13 and FIGS. 15 to 22).
- the calculation and plotting of each test data may be performed by the control unit 15, or may be performed by another arithmetic device such as a personal computer.
- the present embodiment also creates for each plot of the uncorrected load W a and penetration rate, subject to determination of the soil-strata structure.
- the borehole column diagram obtained by the standard penetration test (hereinafter referred to as the terrain structure data of another land that satisfies the same topographic condition as the test site) (Simply called columnar diagram) is acquired using a database such as a boring columnar diagram search system by GIS (Geographic Information System). And the obtained columnar figure and the said plot figure are matched, and the soil quality and stratum structure in each penetration depth of a test implementation site are determined. Whether or not the columnar map is obtained at the same topographical conditions as the test site is judged from the similarity of the sedimentary environment (depositing soil) in the area and topography of the test site.
- GIS Geographic Information System
- the sedimentary environment is estimated from the area and topography of the test site, and it is confirmed whether it is close to the estimated deposition environment of the test site by checking the neighboring columnar diagrams. If it is approximated, the columnar map is adopted as an index for determining the soil and stratum structure. If not approximated, a columnar map of another land is searched.
- the plots of the correction torque T are used primarily, and the values appearing in each plot are complemented using other plots.
- the boundary of the formation (the one-dot chain line in FIG. 6 to FIG. 13 or FIG. 15 to FIG. 22) is determined from the fluctuation characteristics (value magnitude, fluctuation pattern). Since it is known that the data shown in each plot shows different fluctuation characteristics depending on soil properties such as cohesive soil, sandy soil, and humus soil, the boundary of the stratum can be determined therefrom. However, since only the rough soil properties such as cohesive soil, sandy soil, and humus soil can be determined from the fluctuation characteristics of the plot diagram, the plot diagram in the light of the columnar diagram (see FIGS. 14 and 23) will be described next. The detailed soil and stratum structure between each boundary will be judged. Thereby, more accurate soil quality and stratum structure in the ground of the test site can be determined.
- the above example is an example in which the soil quality at each depth indicated by the columnar map and the soil quality at each depth in the plot map are almost the same, but the columnar map is a layer structure of land different from the test site. Therefore, the soil / stratum structure determined from the plot may be slightly different from that shown in the columnar diagram.
- An example of this is shown in FIGS. 15 to 22 (both are plots obtained by a penetration test of a song in Minami-ku, Saitama City, Saitama Prefecture).
- FIGS. 15 to 22 both are plots obtained by a penetration test of a song in Minami-ku, Saitama City, Saitama Prefecture).
- sand is mixed with silt at a depth of 5 to 6 m, but in each plot diagram, two types of fluctuation characteristics are observed.
- the layer has a relatively high value at a depth of 5 to 6 m and the layer has a low value and is divided into layers.
- the test data such as the correction torque T shows a fluctuation characteristic having a high value and a large amplitude in the case of sandy soil, and shows a fluctuation characteristic having a small amplitude and a low value in the case of clay soil. Therefore, in this test site, it is determined that the sand mixed silt formation shown in the columnar diagram is divided into sandy soil and cohesive soil. This determination is highly reliable because there is a backing that is silt mixed with sand in the columnar diagram. Similarly, in the section with a depth of 1 to 3 m in FIGS.
- the siltous fine sand is shown in the columnar figure, but each plot shows the characteristics of sandy soil at the top and bottom and viscous soil at the middle. ing. For this reason, it is determined as sandy soil that sandwiches silt as a whole. Note that this layer may be determined to be divided into three layers of viscous soil / sandy soil / viscous soil.
- the load applied to the penetrating rod 7 is changed stepwise to obtain the rotational load torque under each load every time the screw point 7b penetrates a unit section of 25 cm. Moreover, you may acquire the rotational load torque with respect to the different load for every predetermined depth by the following method. That is, while penetrating the rod 7a every predetermined depth (for example, 25 cm), the penetrating rod 7 is penetrated into the ground by appropriately performing self-sinking and rotational penetration according to a normal Swedish sounding test method.
- the load is once set to 0 (zero), and from this point, the load is 50N, 150N, 250N, 500N, 750N, 1KN (however, the self-sinking penetration occurred while penetrating the predetermined depth).
- the load is increased) and the penetration rod 4 is rotated for each load to obtain rotational load torque and other test data. This correction from the obtained test data torque T, energy &Dgr; E, seeking plastic potential coefficient c p, etc., it is also possible to perform the determination of the formation.
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
図1ないし図4において、1は自動貫入試験機であり、立設された支柱2に沿って昇降可能な昇降台3を有する。この昇降台3には、チャック用モータ4が設けられており、このチャック用モータ4の出力軸4aには、トルク検出機構5を介してチャックユニット6が連結されている。このチャックユニット6は、特開2005-2731号公報に示される中空状の構造で昇降台3に対して回転自在に配置されており、このチャックユニット6には、棒状の貫入ロッド7が着脱可能かつチャックユニット6と一体に回転可能に保持されている。この貫入ロッド7は、チャックユニット6に保持される棒状のロッド7aと、このロッド7aの先端に一体に連結された先端尖鋭なスクリューポイント7bとから成る。
特許第4705520号公報等に示された実験結果から、貫入試験で得られる回転負荷トルクと荷重による降伏曲面は、原点に中心を有する楕円で表記できることが確かめられている。そこで、この降伏曲面の形状を決定する降伏曲面係数cyを用いて、
一方、トルクおよび荷重の各周面摩擦成分Tf,Wfについては、数14で表すことができる。
2 支柱
2a チェーン部材
3 昇降台
3a おもり
4 チャック用モータ
4a 出力軸
5 トルク検出機構
5a 遊星歯車機構
5b 歪みゲージ
5c 出力軸
6 チャックユニット
7 貫入ロッド
7a ロッド
7b スクリューポイント
7c ねじ部
8 スプロケット
9 スプロケット
10 環状チェーン
11 昇降用モータ
11a 出力軸
12 一方向クラッチ
13 ブレーキ手段
14 スプロケット
15 制御ユニット
16 ロータリエンコーダ
Claims (3)
- 所定の荷重と回転とを付与して貫入ロッドを地中に貫入し、
この貫入ロッドの貫入に関与して変動する試験データを取得し、
この試験データと、当該貫入試験実施地が属する地域内の同一地形条件を満たす別の土地で既に得られている地層構造データとを照合し、当該貫入試験実施地の地中の土質・地層構造を判定することを特徴とする貫入試験方法。 - 試験データは、貫入ロッドが土から受ける回転負荷トルク、貫入ロッドに負荷される荷重、貫入ロッドの貫入深さ、貫入ロッドの回転回数、貫入ロッドの貫入速度、回転負荷トルクから土の周面摩擦の影響を除いた補正トルク、荷重から土の周面摩擦の影響を除いた補正荷重、貫入ロッドの貫入エネルギ、正規化トルク、正規化Nsw、塑性ポテンシャル係数cpの群から選択される一または複数のデータであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の貫入試験方法。
- 試験データは、所定のタイミングで複数取得されることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の貫入試験方法。
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JP2016565724A JPWO2016103362A1 (ja) | 2014-12-24 | 2014-12-24 | 貫入試験方法 |
PCT/JP2014/084121 WO2016103362A1 (ja) | 2014-12-24 | 2014-12-24 | 貫入試験方法 |
PH12017501188A PH12017501188A1 (en) | 2014-12-24 | 2017-06-23 | Penetration test method |
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PCT/JP2014/084121 WO2016103362A1 (ja) | 2014-12-24 | 2014-12-24 | 貫入試験方法 |
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JP (1) | JPWO2016103362A1 (ja) |
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EP3548667A4 (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2020-06-24 | CRP Developments Limited | PENETRATION TEST APPARATUS |
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JP6857167B2 (ja) * | 2018-12-27 | 2021-04-14 | ジャパンホームシールド株式会社 | 層序判定装置及びプログラム |
Citations (2)
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JPH11200355A (ja) * | 1998-01-14 | 1999-07-27 | Kajima Corp | 地質の調査方法 |
JP2009133164A (ja) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-18 | Nitto Seiko Co Ltd | 貫入試験方法 |
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JPS54147610A (en) * | 1978-05-12 | 1979-11-19 | Shimazaki Mixing Equip | Injection system of ground injection agent |
JPH10195859A (ja) * | 1997-01-10 | 1998-07-28 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 自動貫入試験機 |
JP4456296B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-23 | 2010-04-28 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 地盤調査方法 |
JP6270316B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-11 | 2018-01-31 | 日東精工株式会社 | 一軸圧縮強さの推定方法 |
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JPH11200355A (ja) * | 1998-01-14 | 1999-07-27 | Kajima Corp | 地質の調査方法 |
JP2009133164A (ja) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-18 | Nitto Seiko Co Ltd | 貫入試験方法 |
Cited By (1)
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EP3548667A4 (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2020-06-24 | CRP Developments Limited | PENETRATION TEST APPARATUS |
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