WO2016102103A1 - Sensor zur messung der kohlenstoffdioxidkonzentration in einem gasgemisch und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents
Sensor zur messung der kohlenstoffdioxidkonzentration in einem gasgemisch und verfahren zu seiner herstellung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016102103A1 WO2016102103A1 PCT/EP2015/074747 EP2015074747W WO2016102103A1 WO 2016102103 A1 WO2016102103 A1 WO 2016102103A1 EP 2015074747 W EP2015074747 W EP 2015074747W WO 2016102103 A1 WO2016102103 A1 WO 2016102103A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- dielectric layer
- sensor
- sensor according
- carbonate
- Prior art date
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- RGJBFEZXCLYYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;indium;oxotin Chemical compound [Cu].[In].[Sn]=O RGJBFEZXCLYYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052454 barium strontium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkaline earth metal carbonate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021446 cobalt carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N hydroxyformaldehyde Chemical compound O[14CH]=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940093474 manganese carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007704 wet chemistry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/002—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the work function voltage
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/227—Sensors changing capacitance upon adsorption or absorption of fluid components, e.g. electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor sensors, MOS capacitors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/221—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance by investigating the dielectric properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/226—Construction of measuring vessels; Electrodes therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/307—Disposable laminated or multilayered electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/221—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance by investigating the dielectric properties
- G01N2027/222—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance by investigating the dielectric properties for analysing gases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/004—CO or CO2
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sensor for measuring the carbon dioxide concentration in a gas mixture, in particular in the ambient air. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a sensor according to the invention. State of the art
- CO2 carbon dioxide
- infrared sensors mainly infrared sensors have been used which require a relatively large amount of installation space.
- Solid electrolyte devices such as barium carbonate / gold electrodes operating at high temperatures are also used.
- the sensor according to the invention for measuring the carbon dioxide concentration in a gas mixture, in particular in the ambient air has a dielectric layer which is arranged between a layer-shaped first electrode and a layer-shaped second electrode.
- a dielectric layer is understood as meaning a layer which may consist of only one single layer or of several partial layers, wherein the partial layers may have a different composition and / or structure.
- the second electrode is a composite electrode having at least one carbonate and / or phosphate as a first material of the composite electrode and having at least a second material of the composite electrode.
- the second material of the composite electrode has an electrical conductivity of more than 10 -2 S / m, preferably more than 10 4 S / m
- the second electrode changes its work function as a function of the CO 2 concentration of the gas mixture
- the thickness of the dielectric layer is preferably at most 10 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the first electrode is preferably at most 5 ⁇ .
- the thickness of the second electrode is preferably at most 100 ⁇ m.
- MIM metal-insulator-metal structure
- Impedance preferably in response to an externally applied electric field and thus the bias. It is particularly preferably at least locally umpolarisierbar that it has a relative permittivity in the polarized state, by a factor greater than or equal to 1, 001, most preferably greater than or equal to 1, 1, smaller than in a non-polarized state ,
- the conductivity of the dielectric layer is preferably in the range of 10 "8 S / m to 10 " 3 S / m in order to ensure sufficient electrical insulation between the two electrodes.
- the dielectric layer consists of a ferroelectric, ie of a material whose unit cells have an electric dipole moment due to the lattice structure, which can be aligned in the electric field.
- the ferroelectric is barium titanate (BaTiC), lead zirconate titanate (Pb (Zr x Tixi -x ) 03, PZT) or barium strontium titanate (Ba x Sri -x TiO 3, BST).
- Ferroelectrics are in the inventive
- the dielectric preferably has a coercive field strength of less than 3 V / layer thickness, in order to enable rapid reversal in the alternating electric field. If the surface potential or the work function of at least one of the electrodes changes, this acts as a bias offset and leads to a measurable change in the impedance of the sensor according to the invention.
- the carbonate is preferably selected from the list consisting of lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate, barium carbonate, manganese carbonate, cobalt carbonate, nickel carbonate, copper carbonate and mixtures of several of these carbonates.
- Particularly preferred is barium carbonate which, at temperatures between 0.degree. C. and 100.degree. C. and the usual relative humidities of at least 10%, has a large surface potential. shows potential changes as a function of the CO 2 concentration in the gas mixture.
- Particularly suitable phosphates are apatites and / or hydroxyl apatites which contain at least one of the cations Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ or Ba 2+ .
- the second electrode preferably has such a high gas permeability that a saturation of the signal is set in a maximum of 30 minutes when, according to Lundström I., Sundgren H., Winquist, F., Eriksson M., Krantz-Rückler C, Lloyd- Spetz A., Sensors and Actuators B 121 (2007) 247-262 is applied to the gate of a gas-sensitive field-effect transistor and exposed to a carbon dioxide atmosphere. This means that their ratio between porosity and thickness is chosen so that a good interaction with the gas mixture can be achieved.
- the second material is in particular selected from platinum, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, zinc, indium-tin-oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) or an alloy or a mixture of several of these elements or compounds.
- the material of the first electrode is preferably selected from the same materials as the material of the second electrode. These precious metals and noble metal alloys do not react with conventional atmospheric constituents in the usual concentration, or do not react to any significant extent, so that aging of the electrodes is prevented. Together, the two electrodes serve to impress an electric field in the sensor according to the invention or to influence a reaction between the carbonate and / or the phosphate and carbon dioxide contained in the gas mixture.
- the first electrode is preferably applied to a membrane of a Mikrotropicplatte as a substrate.
- a particularly advantageous operating temperature is for example 50 ° C.
- the first electrode is set up as a heating element of the microtitre plate.
- a separate heating element for example in the form of a platinum meander, can be dispensed with and a especially good heat transfer to the dielectric layer and on the second electrode possible.
- the first material is arranged between the second material and the dielectric layer.
- the first material may form a sub-layer which contacts the dielectric, and the second material may form a further sub-layer protecting the first material on the side of the first material facing away from the dielectric.
- the second material is in the form of particles that are coated with the first material and / or contain the first material in pores of the particles. This allows a high superficial interaction between the first material and the second material.
- the second electrode comprises a mixture of particles of the first material and particles of the second material.
- Such a second electrode is easy to manufacture and yet allows sufficient contact between the first material and the second material.
- the inventive method for producing a sensor for measuring the carbon dioxide concentration in a gas mixture comprises the following steps:
- the second electrode is applied as a composite electrode comprising at least one carbonate and / or a phosphate as the first material of the composite electrode and at least one second material of the composite electrode having an electrical conductivity of more than 10 -5 S / m, preferably more than 10 4 S
- the deposition of the electrodes and the dielectric layer can, for example, wet-chemically from a solution, from a suspension or from a colloid solution or also physically, in particular by means of CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition), Sputtering, ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) or PLD (Physical Layer Deposition) respectively.
- CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
- MOCVD Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition
- Sputtering ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) or PLD (Physical Layer Deposition) respectively.
- ALD Atomic Layer Deposition
- PLD Physical Layer Deposition
- the second electrode contains a carbonate, this can be applied in particular by at least one of the second electrode when the second electrode is applied
- Oxide is applied, which is then reacted with carbon dioxide to the at least one carbonate.
- first barium oxide can be deposited and then reacted to barium carbonate.
- the method according to the invention is in
- the second electrode in a first step, the first material deposited on the dielectric layer, thereby forming a first sub-layer of the second electrode.
- the second material is deposited on the first material, thereby forming a second partial layer.
- Formed phosphate which is covered by a metallic front electrode.
- the second material in the form of particles deposited on the dielectric layer and in a second step, the first material on the surface of the second material and / or in pores of the second material deposited.
- Suitable methods for depositing the first material or a precursor of the first material, such as an oxide, into cavities of the porous second material are, in particular, CVD, MOCVD, ALD or wet-chemical methods.
- the first material and the second material are deposited simultaneously on the dielectric layer.
- wet-chemical processes can be used in which, for example, alkali or alkaline earth salts to a salt or colloid solution of second material are added.
- an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate is formed on the surface of the second material or in cavities between particles of the second material in the presence of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- the first electrode and the second electrode are connected after completion of the method according to the invention, in particular by means of corresponding leads to a transmitter.
- This can be set up, in particular, to read out the impedance or capacitance of the sensor as a function of the gas mixture.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically the production of a sensor for measuring the carbon dioxide concentration in a gas mixture in a first embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 2 shows schematically the production of a sensor for measuring the carbon dioxide concentration in a gas mixture in a second embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 3 shows schematically the production of a sensor for measuring the carbon dioxide concentration in a gas mixture in a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 shows how, in one exemplary embodiment of the invention, the two electrodes and the dielectric layer of a sensor for measuring the carbon dioxide concentration in a gas mixture are arranged on a microtitre plate.
- FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a desired temperature cycle during operation of a sensor according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- a substrate 1 which is an exempt membrane of a micro heating plate, for example by means of CVD in the middle of the substrate 1, a first
- Electrode 2 is deposited from platinum. On this CVD a dielectric layer 3 is deposited from lead zirconate titanate.
- a porous first sub-layer 41 of barium carbonate is applied by means of CVD.
- a porous second sub-layer 42 of platinum is likewise applied to the first sub-layer 41 by means of sputtering.
- the two partial layers 41, 42 together form the second electrode 4.
- the first electrode 2 has a thickness 2 of 100 nm.
- the dielectric layer 3 has a thickness d ⁇ of 500 nm.
- the second electrode 4 has a thickness d 4 of 200 nm.
- FIG. 1 A second embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. First, in the same manner as in the embodiment, a structure of a substrate 1, a first electrode 2, and a dielectric layer 3 is provided. Then, in the first step 71, platinum is deposited on the dielectric layer 3 from a colloidal solution so as to form a porous particle layer 43 on the dielectric layer 3. Subsequently, in a second step 72, barium oxide is first deposited by means of CVD on the surface and in the pores of the particles 43, and then converted by means of carbon dioxide to barium carbonate. Thereby, a barium carbonate layer is generated on and in the particles 43, so that coated particles 44 are obtained. In a third embodiment of the invention shown in FIG.
- a structure of the substrate 1 of the first electrode 2 and the dielectric layer 3 is provided.
- all materials of the second electrode 4 are deposited on the dielectric layer 3. This is done wet-chemically by adding barium chloride to a colloidal platinum solution. During drying in the presence of oxygen and carbon dioxide oxide then forms barium carbonate 45 on the surface and in voids between particles 46 of the platinum.
- FIG. 4 shows how the substrate 1 is arranged as an exempt membrane in a microheating plate 5.
- the Mikrotropicplatte 5 forms a cavity 51.
- Substrate 1 is arranged so that the first electrode 2, the dielectric layer 3 and the second electrode 4 face away from the cavity 51.
- a heater plane not shown, implemented, wherein the first electrode 2 acts as a heating element.
- the structure shown enables a power consumption of the sensor of well below 100 mW already in continuous operation. Furthermore, due to the low thermal mass of the overall structure, rapid modulation at different operating temperatures is possible. It is possible to realize a duty-cycle of 1:10 and to measure within a very short time at different temperatures. In this case, use is made of the fact that adsorption and desorption reactions taking place at the second electrode 4 are accelerated by continuous or pulsed heating and thus the response or regeneration times of the sensor can be shortened.
- Fig. 5 is an exemplary set temperature cycle of the shown in Fig. 4
- the target temperature T is plotted over the time t in a diagram.
- a period ti of one second elapses.
- the maximum temperature reached during heating is kept for less than 50 ms for a period t.2.
- the setpoint temperature T is lowered, held again for the period t.2 at the lowered setpoint temperature T and finally again for a period t.2 to a higher, but not the initial target temperature T corresponding setpoint temperature T increases before the heating for the remainder of the period ti is turned off.
- Readings 91, 92, 93, 94, 95 of the sensor according to the invention can take place at regular intervals, so that at least a first reading 91 at the maximum target temperature T reached a second reading 92 at the lowered setpoint temperature T and a third reading 93 at the again increased target temperature T takes place.
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KR1020177017038A KR20170094240A (ko) | 2014-12-22 | 2015-10-26 | 가스 혼합물 내 이산화탄소 농도 측정용 센서 및 센서 제조 방법 |
CN201580069963.XA CN107003263B (zh) | 2014-12-22 | 2015-10-26 | 用于测量气体混合物中的二氧化碳浓度的传感器及其制造方法 |
US15/535,496 US10690612B2 (en) | 2014-12-22 | 2015-10-26 | Sensor for measuring the carbon dioxide concentration in a gas mixture, and method for manufacture thereof |
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DE102014226810.9A DE102014226810A1 (de) | 2014-12-22 | 2014-12-22 | Sensor zur Messung der Kohlenstoffdioxidkonzentration in einem Gasgemisch und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
DE102014226810.9 | 2014-12-22 |
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PCT/EP2015/074747 WO2016102103A1 (de) | 2014-12-22 | 2015-10-26 | Sensor zur messung der kohlenstoffdioxidkonzentration in einem gasgemisch und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US10690612B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20170094240A (de) |
CN (1) | CN107003263B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102014226810A1 (de) |
TW (1) | TWI701431B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2016102103A1 (de) |
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CN109580724A (zh) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-05 | 萧育仁 | 微型气体传感器及其制造方法 |
JP6806100B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-31 | 2021-01-06 | 日立金属株式会社 | ガスセンサ |
US11585798B1 (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2023-02-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Dielectric materials for sensing and detection of toxic chemicals |
KR102298686B1 (ko) * | 2020-01-28 | 2021-09-07 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | Mim 구조를 사용하는 가스 센서 및 이를 포함하는 가스 검출장치 |
CN111307872A (zh) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-19 | 长江师范学院 | 一种铁电薄膜表面功函数的测定方法 |
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TWI701431B (zh) | 2020-08-11 |
US20170343503A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
TW201625938A (zh) | 2016-07-16 |
US10690612B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 |
KR20170094240A (ko) | 2017-08-17 |
DE102014226810A1 (de) | 2016-06-23 |
CN107003263A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
CN107003263B (zh) | 2020-09-22 |
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