WO2016090739A1 - 一种凝血检测仪器 - Google Patents

一种凝血检测仪器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016090739A1
WO2016090739A1 PCT/CN2015/071804 CN2015071804W WO2016090739A1 WO 2016090739 A1 WO2016090739 A1 WO 2016090739A1 CN 2015071804 W CN2015071804 W CN 2015071804W WO 2016090739 A1 WO2016090739 A1 WO 2016090739A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cup
positioning
magnetic body
blood coagulation
plate
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Application number
PCT/CN2015/071804
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何强
邓文法
Original Assignee
广州阳普医疗科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 广州阳普医疗科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 广州阳普医疗科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2016090739A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016090739A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
    • G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
    • G01N33/49—Blood
    • G01N33/4905—Determining clotting time of blood
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
    • G01N11/14—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of blood detection, in particular to a blood coagulation detecting instrument.
  • the hospital usually uses a thromboelastograph to monitor the patient's coagulation from the entire dynamic process, and uses a thromboelastometer to analyze the patient's blood and then output a thromboelastogram.
  • the current working principle of the thromboelastograph is to monitor the change of the torsion force of the overhang by a sensor on the upper end of the suspension wire, and a cup cap with a cylinder is suspended at the lower end, and the cylinder of the cup invades the cup containing the blood sample.
  • the cup body is mounted on the thermostatic control panel, and the thermostatic control panel rotates back and forth at an angle of 4° 45' to drive the cup body to rotate and affect the blood sample.
  • the resistance of the fibrin adhesion in the blood sample is different. Therefore, the power transmitted to the hanging wire through the cylinder on the cup cover is different, reflecting the difference in the data on the sensor, thereby achieving the purpose of detecting the blood coagulation process.
  • the main components of the existing thromboelastograph are: an automatic adjustment thermostat (37 ° C) heating and thermostat control panel 106; a cup cap 104 with a small cylinder inserted into the test cup 105; a test cup 105 is a suspended cylindrical body 103 carried on the thermostatic control panel 106, which can connect the cup cover 104, a hanging wire 102 connected to the suspended cylindrical body 103, and a sensor 101.
  • the upper end of the hanging wire 102 is connected to the sensor 101, and the lower end is connected to the tapered cylinder 103 and integrated.
  • the torque generated by the rotation of the overhanging wire 102 is reflected by the sensor 101.
  • the tapered cylinder 103 and the cup cover 104 are interference-fitted by a mechanical shaft hole, and the lower end test cup 105 is closely placed at an angle of 4° 45'.
  • the rotation of the thermostatic control panel 106 can drive the test cup 105 to rotate; the blood sample 107 is contained between the cup wall and the cylinder.
  • the back and forth rotation of the test cup 105 cannot drive the cup cover 104 with the small cylinder, and the signal is reflected by the sensor 101.
  • the test cup 105 and the lid 104 are tested.
  • the resistance between the cylinders is due to the adhesion of fibrin.
  • the rotation of the test cup 105 causes the cup cover 104 to move at the same time, and the resistance increases as the fibrin increases.
  • the test cup 105 also drives the movement of the cup cover 104. With the change, continue testing over time, fibrin will gradually dissolve, and the resistance will slowly decrease. This signal depicts a unique thrombus elasticity map through the sensor.
  • the current thromboelastograph has the following drawbacks:
  • the operation steps are numerous and the workload of medical staff is increased. From the beginning to the end of the operation, the medical staff should open the installation button, install the cup cover and the cup body. After the installation is completed, the installation button should be restored and then the subsequent test is performed. After the test, repeat the above steps for disassembly. This process greatly increases the workload of medical staff.
  • the operating environment requirements due to the limitations of the structure of the instrument itself, the test environment requires a high degree of horizontality and verticality, it is easy to cause problems such as inaccurate results, errors or test failures due to vibration and insufficient placement of the instrument.
  • the present invention provides a blood coagulation detecting instrument.
  • the apparatus includes a test mechanism for detecting blood elasticity, a sample placement mechanism for placing a blood sample, and a transmission mechanism for effecting the test mechanism to approach or away from the sample placement mechanism;
  • the testing mechanism includes a rotating unit, a testing unit, and a bracket supporting the component, the rotating unit including a first magnetic body, a second magnetic body, a first servo motor, and a rotating rod, and the first magnetic body and the second magnetic body are spaced apart
  • the first magnetic body is fixedly connected to the first servo motor
  • the second magnetic body is fixedly connected to the rotating rod to rotate the second magnetic body when the first magnetic body rotates;
  • the sample placement mechanism includes a thermostatic unit for holding a blood sample and a sample cup assembly for holding a blood sample, the sample cup assembly including a cup and a lid, the cup being a container having an opening at one end, the cup a cover covering the opening of the cup, the cup cover being provided with a stirring flap facing the surface of the cup, the stirring flap being received in the cup, the cup being provided with the rotating rod a through hole, such that the transmission rod is inserted into the through hole to drive the cup cover to rotate;
  • the rotating rod When the testing mechanism is in the first position, the rotating rod is inserted into the through hole of the cup cover to realize the connection between the rotating rod and the lid;
  • the transmission rod drives the cup cover away from the cup body and the stirring flap is located inside the cup body
  • the first servo motor drives the preset rotation angle
  • the first magnetic body rotates, the first magnetic body drives the second magnetic body to rotate under the action of the magnetic force, and the second magnetic body drives the stirring blade to rotate in the cup body
  • the test unit further includes a signal generator and a processor, the signal generator generates a signal according to the rotation condition of the second magnetic body, and sends the signal to the processor, and the processor will draw with the received signal Thromboelastogram.
  • the position of the center of gravity of the first magnetic body and the first servo motor The rotating shaft is fixedly connected, the second magnetic body is mounted at one end of the rotating rod, and the center of gravity of the second magnetic body is connected with the rotating rod, and the straight line of the N pole and the S pole of the first magnetic body is perpendicular to the rotating shaft.
  • the magnetic force of the first magnetic body is greater than the magnetic force of the second magnetic body, and the first magnetic body and the second magnetic body are cylindrical bodies, and the first magnetic body and the second magnetic body are along Vertically spaced and parallel.
  • the bracket includes a mounting plate for mounting a first servo motor at a top end of the bracket, a positioning plate for supporting rotation of the second magnetic body at a bottom end of the bracket, and a vertical connecting the mounting plate and the positioning plate. board.
  • the material of the positioning plate is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyetheretherketone.
  • the signal generator includes a code wheel, a signal transceiver, and a disk surface of the code wheel is provided with at least one window, and the rotating rod passes through a center of the code wheel and is fixedly connected to the code wheel.
  • the signal transceiver includes a pair of pulse emitters and a pulse receiving pole on both sides of the code wheel, and the pulse emitter transmits a pulse signal to the code wheel, so that the pulse signal passes through a window of the code wheel, and the pulse receiving end receives the pulse signal When the pulse signal emitted by the pulse emitter is blocked by the code wheel, the pulse receiving pole does not receive the pulse signal.
  • the window is a rectangular window, and the four rectangular windows are equally spaced along the circumferential direction of the code wheel.
  • the cross section of the window is trapezoidal in the direction of the surface of the parallel code disc.
  • the code wheel is located at one end of the rotating rod near the second magnetic body, and the end of the rotating rod is provided with a through hole in a radial direction, and the second magnetic body passes through the through hole, The center of gravity of the two magnetic bodies is located in the through hole.
  • the circumference of the rotating rod on the side of the code wheel facing away from the second magnetic body is provided with a positioning hole, and the rotating rod passes through the positioning hole, and the tapered boss abuts against the hole wall of the positioning hole.
  • the rod body of the rotating rod passing through the positioning hole is provided with a limiting slot
  • the limiting slot is an annular groove disposed around the circumferential direction of the rotating rod
  • the limiting slot is provided with a limiting buckle.
  • the other end of the rotating rod includes a guiding tip and a tapered portion
  • the guiding tip is located at the end of the tapered portion and is tapered
  • the diameter of the tapered portion gradually decreases toward the guiding tip And continuously integrated with the guiding tip.
  • the thermostat unit includes a mounting support and a thermostatic control assembly on the mounting support, the thermostatic control assembly including an insulating support plate for fixing and supporting the thermostatic auxiliary plate and preventing its temperature from diverging.
  • a constant temperature auxiliary plate mounted on the heat insulating support plate and a thermostat holder for heating and detecting the temperature of the constant temperature auxiliary plate mounted on the lower surface of the constant temperature auxiliary plate, so that the temperature of the constant temperature auxiliary plate is higher than the required temperature
  • the threshold thermostat holder stops heating the thermostat auxiliary plate, and the thermostat holder heats the thermostatic auxiliary plate when the temperature of the thermostatic auxiliary plate is lower than a desired temperature threshold.
  • the thermostatic auxiliary plate is provided with a positioning groove for accommodating the sample cup assembly, the sample cup assembly is placed in the positioning groove, and a rectangular notch is disposed on the end surface of the positioning groove, the sample
  • the outer surface of the cup of the cup assembly is provided with a handle that cooperates with the indentation, the sample cup assembly being placed in a positioning slot in which the handle is snapped.
  • the cup body is a container having an opening at one end, the bottom of the cup body has a certain taper, and a handle is arranged on the side wall of the cup body, and the handle and the rectangle on the positioning groove The notches cooperate to limit relative rotation between the cup and the positioning groove.
  • the cup body is a cone having a wall thickness of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, the cup volume is greater than 100 microliters, the handle is a right triangle, and the handle is disposed at the The cup is adjacent to the side wall of the opening.
  • the cup cover is circular and fits with the opening of the cup body
  • the through hole is a tapered hole and is located at the center of the cup cover
  • the taper of the tapered hole adopts Mohs Taper and can cooperate with the tapered portion of the rotating rod.
  • the lower surface of the cup cover is evenly disposed with four agitating fins around the center of the circle, and the four agitating fins are symmetrically distributed on the lower surface of the cup cover, so that the agitating flap can be rotated.
  • the blood sample in the cup is stirred by the rod.
  • the agitating flap has two agitating teeth arranged in parallel.
  • the cup lid and the cup body are made of a biocompatible polymer material.
  • the sample placement mechanism further includes a capping unit for disengaging the cup cover from the rotating rod after the end of the test, the capping unit includes a force applying component, and one end is mounted on the The connecting plate on the force component and the detaching cover mounted on the other end of the connecting plate, the detaching cover can be rotated by a certain angle under the action of the urging assembly to directly above the positioning groove.
  • the force applying component is a servo motor
  • the servo motor is mounted on a support of the thermostat unit
  • the connecting plate is connected to a rotating shaft of the servo motor
  • the rotating surface of the stripping cover can be The upper surface of the lid is parallel or the strip is rotated from top to bottom directly above the positioning groove.
  • one end of the stripper has a cylindrical boss connected to the connecting plate, and the other end of the strip has a semi-circular notch.
  • the capping unit further includes an initial position for positioning the detachment cover.
  • the first positioning sensor switch is located on the mounting support.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a ball screw and a guide rail, and the guide rail is provided with a reciprocating sliding slider, the ball screw includes a screw and a nut rotating around the screw,
  • the bracket of the testing mechanism includes an adapter plate that is coupled to the nut and the slider, respectively.
  • the testing mechanism further includes a receiving plate for mounting the guide rail, the rail being mounted on a surface of the receiving plate, the receiving plate being placed perpendicular to the support of the sample placement mechanism.
  • the testing mechanism further includes a second positioning sensing switch and a third positioning sensing switch for positioning the slider position, wherein the second positioning sensing switch and the third positioning sensing switch are both disposed on the guide rail.
  • the second positioning sensor switch on the same side of the receiving plate is configured to output a signal when the testing mechanism is in the first position
  • the third positioning sensor switch is configured to output a signal when the testing mechanism is in the second position.
  • the receiving plate is provided with a fourth positioning sensor switch for outputting a signal when the slider is at the top end of the rail to prompt the cup cover to move away from the cup body by the testing mechanism. .
  • the blood coagulation detecting device comprises an electrical control unit, and the electrical control unit is electrically connected to the first positioning sensing switch, the second positioning sensing switch, the third positioning sensing switch and the fourth positioning sensing switch, first The positioning sensing switch, the second positioning sensing switch, the third positioning sensing switch and the fourth positioning sensing switch transmit the collected signals to the electrical control unit.
  • the blood coagulation detecting instrument adopts the function of magnetic attraction, passes the first magnetic body and the first The traction force of the two magnetic body pulls the blood sample in the cup stirring cup body, and converts the microscopic complex biological changes in the blood coagulation process into pulse signals through the code wheel and the signal transceiver to collect and process into a thrombus elastic force diagram, so that the test process is operated. Simple, reducing the workload of the operator and saving costs.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a structural view showing an embodiment of the blood coagulation detecting instrument of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of an embodiment of the blood coagulation detecting apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a blood coagulation detecting apparatus of the present invention in which a sample cup assembly is placed;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a blood coagulation detecting apparatus of the present invention for adding a blood sample to a cup;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the stirring of a blood sample by a test mechanism of an embodiment of the blood coagulation detecting apparatus of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of another perspective of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing an operation of taking off the lid of an embodiment of the blood coagulation detecting apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the embodiment of the blood coagulation detecting apparatus of the present invention after the cup cover is removed;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the blood coagulation detecting apparatus of the present invention for removing the sample cup assembly by removing the cover plate;
  • Figure 11 is a structural view of a sample cup assembly of an embodiment of the blood coagulation detecting apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a structural view showing the connection of the code wheel and the rotating rod of an embodiment of the blood coagulation detecting instrument of the present invention
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line V in Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a structural view of another perspective of Figure 12;
  • Figure 15 is a structural view showing an embodiment of a constant temperature auxiliary plate of an embodiment of the blood coagulation detecting apparatus of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a blood coagulation detecting instrument, which is used for solving the complicated operation process of the blood coagulation detector on the market, the failure of the blood sample detection, the misdiagnosis caused by the inaccurate detection result, the large workload of the medical staff and the high cost. problem.
  • an embodiment of the coagulation testing apparatus of the present invention includes a testing mechanism 110 for detecting blood elasticity, a sample placement mechanism 120 for placing a blood sample, and for implementing the testing mechanism toward or away from The transmission mechanism 130 of the sample placement mechanism;
  • the testing mechanism includes a rotating unit, a testing unit, and a bracket supporting the above components, the rotating unit including a first magnetic body 111, a second magnetic body 112, a first servo motor 113, and a rotating lever 114, the first magnetic body 111 and The second magnetic body 112 is spaced apart, the first magnetic body 111 is fixedly coupled to the first servo motor, and the second magnetic body 112 is fixedly coupled to the rotating rod 114 to drive the first magnetic body 111 when rotated.
  • the second magnetic body 112 rotates.
  • the sample placement mechanism includes a thermostat unit 121 for holding a blood sample and a sample cup assembly 122 for holding a blood sample.
  • the sample cup assembly 122 includes a cup body 1221 and a cup lid 1222.
  • the cup body 1221 has an opening at one end.
  • the lid 1222 is closed to the opening of the cup 1221.
  • the lid 1222 is provided with a stirring flap 1223 facing the surface of the cup 1221.
  • the stirring flap 1223 is accommodated with the cup 1221.
  • the cup cover 1222 is provided with a through hole that cooperates with the rotating rod 114, so that the transmission rod is inserted into the through hole to drive the cup cover 1222 to rotate.
  • the rotating rod 114 When the testing mechanism is in the first position, the rotating rod 114 is inserted into the through hole of the cup cover 1222 to The rotating rod 114 is connected to the lid 1222.
  • the transmission rod drives the cup cover 1222 away from the cup body 1221 and the agitating fin 1223 is located inside the cup body 1221, and the first servo motor 113 rotates by a preset
  • the first magnetic body 111 rotates under the action of the magnetic force
  • the second magnetic body 112 drives the stirring fin 1223 at the cup. Rotate inside 1221.
  • the test unit further includes a signal generator and a processor, the signal generator generates a pulse signal according to the rotation condition of the second magnetic body 112, and sends the pulse signal to the processor, and the processor will utilize the received The signal draws a thromboelastogram.
  • the blood coagulation detecting instrument uses the magnetic attraction function to pull the cup cover 1222 to stir the blood sample in the cup body 1221 by the traction force of the first magnetic body 111 and the second magnetic body 112, and passes through the code wheel 123 and the signal transceiver.
  • complex microscopic biological changes are converted into pulse signals for collection and processing into thromboelastograms, which makes the test process simple, reduces the workload of the operator, and saves costs.
  • the structure of the coagulation detecting instrument will be specifically described below.
  • the blood coagulation detecting instrument includes a testing mechanism, a sample placing mechanism, and a transmission mechanism for realizing that the testing mechanism is close to or away from the sample placing mechanism;
  • the testing mechanism includes a rotating unit, a testing unit, and a bracket 124 supporting the above components;
  • the rotating unit includes a first magnetic body 111, a second magnetic body 112, a first servo motor 113, and a rotating rod 114, that is, the N pole of the first magnetic body 111 and the S pole of the second magnetic body 112 are on the same side,
  • the S pole of a magnetic body 111 is located on the same side as the N pole of the second magnetic body 112, and a magnetic attraction between the first magnetic body 111 and the second magnetic body 112 is generated, and the first magnetic body 111 is rotatable.
  • the second magnetic body 112 is rotated, the position of the center of gravity of the first magnetic body 111 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the first servo motor 113, and the second magnetic body 112 is mounted at one end of the rotating rod 114, and the second magnetic body The position of the center of gravity of the 112 is connected to the rotating lever 114, and the straight line of the N pole and the S pole of the first magnetic body 111 is perpendicular to the rotating shaft.
  • the first magnetic body 111 and the second magnetic body 112 are cylindrical, and the magnetic value of the first magnetic body 111 is greater than the magnetic value of the second magnetic body 112, so that the first magnetic body 111 can be smoothly and easily Driving the second magnetic body 112 to rotate, wherein the center distance between the first magnetic body and the second magnetic body 112 is greater than the sum of the radii of the two, that is, the first magnetic body 111 and the second magnetic body 112 are vertically spaced and parallel
  • the setting avoids the problem of inaccurate test results due to the contact of the first magnetic body and the second magnetic body.
  • the bracket 124 includes a mounting plate 1241 for mounting a first servo motor 113 at a top end of the bracket 124, and a positioning plate 1242 for supporting rotation of the second magnetic body 112 at a bottom end of the bracket 124.
  • the positioning plate 1242 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene or polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with a small friction factor, and other self-lubricating properties can also be adopted.
  • the force is reduced to a minimum.
  • the test unit includes a signal generator and a processor.
  • the signal generator includes a code wheel 123 and a signal transceiver 125.
  • the signal transceiver 125 sends the generated pulse signal to the processor, and the processor will utilize the received pulse signal.
  • Drawing a thromboelastogram, specifically, at least one window 1231 is provided on the disk surface of the code wheel 123, and the rotating rod 114 passes through the center of the code wheel 123 and is fixedly connected with the code wheel 123, preferably, with an interference fit
  • the signal transceiver 125 includes a code wheel 123.
  • the pulse emitter transmits a pulse signal to the code wheel 123, passes through the window 1231 of the code wheel 123, and the pulse receiver receives the pulse signal, and the pulse signal emitted by the pulse emitter passes When the code wheel 123 is blocked, the pulse signal does not pass through the window 1231, and the pulse receiving end does not receive the pulse signal.
  • the first magnetic body 111 rotates regularly with a certain angle ⁇ amplitude under the driving of the first servo motor 113.
  • the angle ⁇ of the first magnetic body 111 rotates is a fixed value.
  • ⁇ ' should be larger than the angle ⁇ of the area of the window 1231 on the code wheel 123, and the second magnetic body 112 is driven by the magnetic force to drive the code wheel 123 to rotate at an angle.
  • the ⁇ ' amplitude rotates positively and negatively.
  • the blood sample contained in the cup body 1221 is stirred at an angle ⁇ ', and the agitation fins 1223 at the lower end of the cup cover 1222 are generated as the fibrin adhesion changes in the blood sample.
  • the change in resistance is reflected in the amplitude variation of the rotational angle ⁇ ' of the code wheel 123, and the signal transceiver 125 continuously transmits a certain number of pulses, which is accepted when the window 1231 of the code wheel 123 passes through the transceiver port of the signal transceiver 125.
  • the pulse signal When the pulse signal is received, the pulse signal is not received in other regions, and the change of the rotation angle ⁇ ' of the code wheel 123 is judged according to the number of received pulse signals. After the signal processing, the whole process of the hemorrhagic condensation process is reflected and drawn. Blood elasticity map.
  • the window 1231 is a rectangular window which is disposed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the code wheel 123, wherein, in the surface direction of the parallel code wheel 123,
  • the window 1231 has a trapezoidal cross section, that is, a narrowing direction from top to bottom along the cross section, preferably an isosceles trapezoid, wherein 0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 180 degrees, 0 ⁇ 90 degrees, by adopting such a structure, the instrument itself occurs When tilted, the edge of the window 1231 on the code wheel 123 does not block the pulse signal.
  • the misjudgment is caused because the error in the actual part processing and assembly, the vibration of the instrument during operation, and the horizontal environment that is not satisfied are inevitable that the code wheel 123 swings in the vertical direction by a certain angle ⁇ , so that the actual signal
  • the transceiver 125 transmits the pulse signal s1 or s2 and the disk surface of the code wheel 123 cannot be absolutely perpendicular, thereby causing a pulse number error when the pulse is received, and the window 1231 is designed to avoid the cross section of other shapes when the isosceles trapezoid is designed. Error problem.
  • the code wheel 123 is located at one end of the rotating rod 114 near the second magnetic body 112.
  • the end of the rotating rod 114 is provided with a through hole 1226 in the radial direction, and the second magnetic body 112 passes through.
  • the through hole 1226 and the center of gravity of the second magnetic body 112 are located in the through hole 1226, so that when the second magnetic body 112 rotates, vibration is not generated due to the asymmetry of the center of gravity.
  • a tapered boss 1141 is disposed on the rotating rod 114 on the side of the code wheel 123 facing away from the second magnetic body 112.
  • the positioning plate 1242 is provided with a positioning hole, and the rotating rod 114 is disposed. Through the positioning hole, the tapered boss 1141 abuts against the hole wall of the positioning hole, so that the contact area between the rotating rod 114 and the positioning plate 1242 becomes smaller during the rotation of the rotating rod 114, and the friction Reduce the force, minimize the impact of friction on the test results, and improve the accuracy of the test results.
  • the rod body of the rotating rod 114 passing through the positioning hole is provided with a limiting slot 1142, and the limiting slot 1142 is a surrounding rotating rod.
  • the annular groove is arranged in the circumferential direction of the 114, and the limit buckle 1143 is added to the limiting slot 1142.
  • the rotation lever 114 is restricted due to the cooperation of the limiting buckle 1143 and the limiting slot 1142.
  • the axial movement displacement makes the rotating rods 114 located on both sides of the positioning holes less prone to axial sway.
  • the other end of the rotating lever 114 includes a guiding tip 1143 and a tapered portion 1144 which is located at the end of the rotating lever 114 and is tapered to be used with the lid.
  • the tapered portion 1144 itself has a certain taper, that is, the diameter of the tapered portion 1144 gradually decreases toward the guiding tip 1143, and is continuously integrated with the guiding tip 1143, in the cup.
  • the cover 1222 is mated, it is also easy to assemble by the interference fit and is not easy to fall off, and the problem that the blood sample detection is easy to fail and the detection result is inaccurate due to the assembly failure and vibration caused by the artificial assembly is avoided.
  • the sample placement mechanism includes a thermostatic unit 121, a sample cup assembly 122, and a capping unit.
  • the structure of each part is specifically described below:
  • the thermostat unit 121 includes a mounting bracket 1211 and a thermostatic control assembly on the mounting bracket 1211.
  • the thermostatic control assembly includes an insulating support plate 1212 and a thermostatic auxiliary plate mounted on the thermal insulating support plate 1212. 1213 and a thermostat holder 1214 mounted on the lower surface of the thermostatic auxiliary plate 1213.
  • the heat insulating support plate 1212 is made of a non-metallic material with high heat insulation and high hardness for fixing and supporting the thermostatic auxiliary plate 1213 and preventing the temperature from diverging.
  • the thermostat holder 1214 is used to heat and detect the temperature of the thermostat auxiliary plate 1213, and to detect whether the temperature of the thermostatic auxiliary plate 1213 is a required temperature threshold.
  • the thermostat holder 1214 stops heating the thermostatic auxiliary plate 1213. If the temperature is lower than the required temperature threshold, the thermostat holder 1214 heats the constant temperature auxiliary plate 1213, thereby achieving the purpose of keeping the temperature of the constant temperature auxiliary plate 1213 constant at a desired temperature threshold.
  • the required temperature is required.
  • the threshold is 37 degrees Celsius.
  • the thermostatic auxiliary plate 1213 is provided with a positioning groove 1215 for accommodating the sample cup assembly 122.
  • the sample cup assembly 122 is placed in the positioning groove 1215.
  • the positioning groove 1215 is a cylinder.
  • the axial direction of the cylinder is perpendicular to the surface of the thermostatic auxiliary plate 1213.
  • a rectangular notch 1216 is disposed on the end surface of the positioning groove 1215, and a handle corresponding to the rectangular notch 1216 is disposed on the outer surface of the cup 1221 of the sample cup assembly 122. 1224, sample cup assembly 122 is placed in position In the slot 1215, the handle 1224 is caught in the rectangular notch 1216.
  • the shape of the positioning slot 1215 can be a square tube or other structural shape, and the sample cup assembly 122 can be placed in the positioning slot 1215 without relative rotation. Specifically, the positioning groove 1215 is used for positioning the sample cup assembly 122 to prevent the shaking of the blood sample due to the increase of the fibrin viscosity of the blood sample during the test, thereby affecting the test result.
  • the sample cup assembly 122 includes a cup 1221 which is a container having an opening at one end, the bottom of the cup 1221 having a taper for easier placement in the positioning groove 1215, the cup body.
  • the shape of the 1221 is adapted to the positioning groove 1215.
  • the positioning groove 1215 is a cylinder, and the cup 1221 is also referred to as a cylinder.
  • the wall thickness of the cup 1221 is preferably 0.5 mm to 3 mm, and the volume is set to be More than 100 microliters, a handle 1224 is provided on the side wall of the cup 1221.
  • the handle 1224 is a right triangle, and the handle 1224 is disposed on a side wall of the cup 1221 near the opening, and the handle 1224 can be positioned.
  • the rectangular notch 1216 on the groove 1215 cooperates to restrict the relative rotation between the cup body 1221 and the positioning groove 1215, thereby preventing the rotation of the cup 1221 from affecting the test result when the blood sample is tested, and is also convenient to take by hand, thereby avoiding the artificial assembly cup.
  • the failure of the cover 1222 and the vibration causes the test results to be inaccurate and the test fails, greatly reducing the labor and material costs.
  • the sample cup assembly 122 further includes a cup cover 1222.
  • the cup cover 1222 is circular and can be adapted to the opening of the cup body 1221.
  • the upper surface of the cup cover 1222 is provided with a through hole, the through hole being specific. It may be a tapered hole 1225.
  • the tapered hole 1225 is located at the center of the cup cover 1222.
  • the taper of the tapered hole 1225 is designed by Morse taper and can be matched with the tapered portion 1144 of the rotating rod 114.
  • the structure utilizes the self-locking function of the Morse taper itself to convert the axial force into a rotating radial force such that the cup cover 1222 is tightly coupled to the tapered portion 1144 of the rotating rod 114.
  • Cup cover 1222 The lower surface is provided with at least one agitating fin 1223, which is evenly distributed on the lower surface of the cup cover 1222.
  • the agitating fin 1223 can stir the blood sample in the cup 1221 by the rotating rod 114, through the stirring fin. Stirring the blood sample can make the stirring fins have better contact, which can increase the contact area and the stirring resistance, facilitate the drawing of the degree of blood sample coagulation, and improve the test accuracy.
  • agitating fins 1223 are uniformly disposed around the center of the lower surface of the cup cover 1222, and the four agitating fins 1223 are symmetrically distributed on the lower surface of the cup cover 1222, so that the cup cover 1222 is in the process of rotation.
  • the force is evenly distributed to avoid vibration due to unbalanced distribution of the stirring fins.
  • each of the agitating fins 1223 has an n-shape, that is, each of the agitating fins 1223 has two pieces of agitating teeth, and the two agitating teeth are arranged in parallel, and the structure is made in the process of stirring. Increasing the toughness of the stirring fin 1223 and increasing the resistance of the blood sample to the stirring fin 1223, more accurately monitoring the degree of coagulation of the blood sample, and improving the test accuracy.
  • the cup cover 1222 and the cup body 1221 of the sample cup assembly 122 are made of a biocompatible polymer material and have a certain toughness, and are all disposable supplies, and the lid 1222 is used before use.
  • the cup body 1221 is fastened and sealed to ensure the inside of the cup body 1221 to be cleaned and to avoid contamination of the blood sample.
  • the sample placement mechanism further includes a capping unit for detaching the cup lid 1222 from the rotating rod 114 after the end of the test, thereby facilitating the operator to remove the sample cup assembly 122 as a whole.
  • the capping unit includes a force applying component 126, a connecting plate 1261 whose one end is mounted on the force applying component 126, and a stripping cover 1262 installed at the other end of the connecting plate 1261, the capping cover
  • the plate 1262 can be rotated a certain angle under the action of the force applying assembly 126 to directly above the positioning groove 1215 to block the sample cup assembly 122 from following the rotating rod 114, that is, blocking the sample cup assembly 122 along
  • the axial direction of the rotating rod 114 continues to rise, so that the sample cup assembly 122 is separated from the rotating rod 114, which can play the role of automatic capping, and solves the problem that the medical personnel have many operation steps, large workload, and artificial assembly.
  • the cup cover 1222 is automatically assembled with the rotating rod 114. After the test is completed, the cup cover 1222 is automatically removed by the stripping cover 1262 to solve the problem of large workload and operation process of the medical staff. complicated question.
  • the force applying component 126 can be a servo motor
  • the servo motor is mounted on the support of the thermostat unit 121
  • the connecting plate 1261 is connected to the rotating shaft of the servo motor, and the servo is controlled by outputting a control signal.
  • the connecting plate 1261 is driven to drive the stripping cover 1262 to rotate.
  • the rotating surface of the stripping cover 1262 can be parallel to the upper surface of the lid 1222, that is, rotate in the horizontal direction, and of course, can also be rotated in the vertical direction. That is, the detaching cover plate 1262 is rotated from the top to the bottom to the directly above the positioning groove 1215. In the embodiment, the detachable cover plate 1262 is rotated in the horizontal direction to rotate directly above the positioning groove 1215.
  • the stripping cover 1262 has a cylindrical boss connected to the connecting plate 1261 at one end, and the other end of the stripping cover 1262 has a semi-circular notch, so that the stripping cover 1262 can be better rotated above the lid 1222. This makes the stripping process smoother and less prone to deflection.
  • the capping unit further includes a first positioning sensor switch for positioning the initial position of the stripping cover 1262.
  • the angle from the initial position to the directly above the positioning slot 1215 can be set as needed, and the rotation angle is greater than zero degrees.
  • the first positioning sensor switch is located on the mounting bracket 1211.
  • the rotation angle of the stripping cover 1262 is 90 degrees, and is rotated to the first positioning sensor switch 1263 after the stripping cover 1262 completes the capping.
  • the first positioning sensor switch 1263 is a pulse transceiver, the pulse signal is reflected by the stripping cover 1262, the first positioning sensor switch 1263 outputs a signal, and the servo motor stops rotating, so that the stripping cover 1262 is positioned at the initial position.
  • the transmission mechanism 130 includes a ball screw 131 and a guide rail 132.
  • the ball screw 131 includes a screw 1311 and a nut 1312.
  • the ball screw 131 can also adopt other devices that can slowly raise or lower the test mechanism.
  • the shock absorbing buffer problem can also be replaced by a cylinder, which is not limited.
  • the bracket 124 of the testing mechanism includes an adapter plate 1241 for connecting the nut 1312 and the slider, and a slider 1321 that is reciprocally slidable on the rail 132.
  • the screw 1311 of the ball screw serves as an active body.
  • a servo motor is disposed at a bottom end of the screw 1311, and the servo motor drives the screw 1311 to rotate.
  • the slider can slide up and down to guide the rail 132, and the nut 1312 is linearly moved by the rotation of the screw 1311, so that the test mechanism is located on the nut 1312. It can be achieved close to or away from the sample placement mechanism.
  • the testing mechanism further includes a receiving plate 115 for mounting the guide rail 132, the guide rail 132 is mounted on a surface of the receiving plate 115, the receiving plate 115 is placed perpendicular to the support of the sample placing mechanism, that is, the receiving plate 115 is disposed in the vertical direction, and the guide rails 132 are disposed on the receiving plate 115 in the vertical direction.
  • the testing mechanism further includes a second positioning sensing switch (not shown) for positioning the slider position and a third positioning sensing switch (not shown), the second positioning sensing switch and The third positioning sensor switches are disposed on the receiving plate 115 on the same side of the rail 132, and the second positioning sensor switch and the third positioning sensor switch are disposed on the receiving plate on the same side of the rail, and the second positioning sensor
  • the switch is configured to output a signal when the test mechanism is in the first position, and when in the first position, the rotating rod 114 is coupled to the cup cover 1222, and the third positioning sensing switch is used to be in the second position of the testing mechanism When the signal is output, in the second position, the rotating rod 114 drives the lid 1222 to rotate and stir the sample located in the cup 1221.
  • the receiving plate is provided with a fourth positioning sensor switch 1264 for outputting a signal when the slider is at the top end of the rail to prompt the cup cover 1222 to move away from the cup body 1221 by the testing mechanism.
  • a four-position sensing switch is disposed on the receiving plate 115 near the top end of the guide rail 132 for placing the sample or removing the sample at the end of the test.
  • the positioning sensor switch can be set at a predetermined position for prompting positioning.
  • the sensor switch can include a transmitter and a receiver.
  • the transmitter emits a light signal to the receiver, and a blocking plate 1265 can be mounted on the slider.
  • the blocking plate 1265 on the slider moves between the transmitter and the receiver, and the positioning sensing switch can output a signal to prompt the slider to move to a predetermined position.
  • the instrument further comprises a display screen for displaying the measurement result
  • the processor generates a thrombus elastic map according to the pulse signal, and sends the thrombus elastic force diagram to the display screen.
  • the display screen can not only display the measurement result, but also Other parameters, such as operation time, etc., can be displayed, and are not specifically limited.
  • the instrument further comprises a level meter for detecting whether the instrument is currently in a horizontally placed state, and the level meter can also display the horizontal state through the display screen, so that the operator can adjust the state of the instrument to avoid the unstable condition of the instrument and improve the condition.
  • the detection accuracy of the instrument is a level meter for detecting whether the instrument is currently in a horizontally placed state, and the level meter can also display the horizontal state through the display screen, so that the operator can adjust the state of the instrument to avoid the unstable condition of the instrument and improve the condition. The detection accuracy of the instrument.
  • the blood coagulation detecting instrument comprises an electric control unit, and the electric control unit is electrically connected to the first positioning inductive switch 1263, the second positioning inductive switch and the third positioning inductive switch, the first positioning inductive switch 1263, the second positioning inductive switch and the third positioning
  • the inductive switch electric power transmits the collected signal to the electric control unit, and the electric control unit controls the movement of the servo motor according to the signals of the respective positioning inductive switches, and controls the servo motor to stop rotating when moving to the designated position, and the electric control unit can also be used to implement the control device.
  • the overall electrical work can supply power to the display, etc., and will not be described in detail.
  • the coagulation test instrument is started up and the system is initialized;
  • the test mechanism performs initial position correction on the code wheel 123 and the signal transceiver 125, so that the signal transceiver 125 can normally complete the transmission or reception of the pulse signal after the code wheel 123 is rotated by the moving angle.
  • the sample cup assembly 122 is placed in the positioning slot 1215 of the sample placement mechanism, the thermostat unit 121 starts heating, and the temperature is kept constant, the test mechanism moves to the first position under the driving mechanism, and the second positioning sensor switch outputs The signal prompting test mechanism is in the first position.
  • the rotating rod 114 is inserted into the tapered hole 1225 of the cup cover 1222, and the rotating rod 114 is coupled with the cup cover 1222.
  • the transmission structure drives the testing mechanism to move upward to the top of the guide rail 132.
  • the four positioning sensor switch output signals indicate that the testing mechanism is at the top end of the guide rail 132.
  • the cup body 1221 and the cup cover 1222 are completely separated, and the detecting personnel adds a blood sample to the cup body 1221, and the testing mechanism moves downwardly under the driving mechanism to In the second position, the third positioning sensor switch output signal indicates the current position.
  • the agitating fin 1223 on the cup cover 1222 protrudes into the blood sample in the cup 1221, and the first servo motor 113 of the testing mechanism rotates.
  • the first magnetic body 111 is rotated positively and positively at a certain angle ⁇ by the first servo motor 113 to test the blood viscosity.
  • the angle ⁇ of the rotation of the first magnetic body 111 is a fixed value and should be greater than the angle ⁇ ' of the rotation of the code wheel 123, and ⁇ ' should be larger than the angle ⁇ of the area of the window 1231 on the code wheel 123, in the magnetic force
  • the action of the second magnetic body 112 drives the code wheel 123 to rotate at an angle ⁇ ' amplitude.
  • Resistance change reflects to the code wheel
  • the signal transceiver 125 continuously transmits a certain number of pulses when the amplitude of the rotation angle ⁇ ' of 123 is changed.
  • the window 1231 of the code wheel 123 passes through the transceiver port of the signal transceiver 125, the pulse signal is received, and other areas are received.
  • the pulse signal is not received, and the change of the rotation angle ⁇ ' of the code wheel 123 is judged according to the number of received pulse signals.
  • the entire appearance of the hemorrhagic condensation process is reflected, and the blood elasticity diagram is drawn.
  • the blood elastic drawing can be displayed or printed through the display screen, and the capping unit is rotated above the positioning groove 1215 to block the cup cover 1222.
  • the testing mechanism moves upwards under the driving mechanism, and the rotating rod 114 also rises as the testing mechanism rises. At this time, the cup cover 1222 on the rotating rod 114 can not continue to move upward due to the blocking of the capping unit, so that the cup cover 1222 is separated from the rotating rod 114 to achieve the purpose of automatic capping.
  • the function of the invention is to solve the problem that the operation process of the blood coagulation detector on the market is complicated, the blood sample detection is easy to fail, the misdiagnosis caused by the detection result is inaccurate, the workload of the medical staff is large, and the cost is high.
  • the invention connects the sample cup cover 1222 with the automatic assembly of the tapered section of the lower end of the code wheel 123, and automatically removes the cup cover 1222 through the stripping cover 1262 after the test is completed, thereby solving the problem that the medical staff has a large workload and a complicated operation process.
  • the problem that the blood sample detection is easy to fail and the detection result is inaccurate due to the assembly failure and vibration caused by the artificial assembly is avoided.
  • the material selected in the invention is a common common material, and the structural design specifically solves the high cost caused by the equipment being easy to be damaged. problem.
  • the doctor only needs to place the sample cup, press the test button, and add the blood sample to the sample cup. After the test, the sample cup can be taken away.
  • the instrument is easy to operate, greatly reducing the workload of the medical staff and improving the workload.
  • the work efficiency avoids the inaccuracy of the test results and the test failure due to the failure of the artificially assembled cup cover 1222 and the vibration, which greatly reduces the labor and material costs.
  • the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit. It can be electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.
  • the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the storage medium may include: Read only memory (ROM, Re10d Only Memory), random access memory (R10M, R10ndom 10ccess Memory), magnetic or optical disk.

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Abstract

一种凝血检测仪器，所述仪器包括用于检测血液弹力的测试机构（110）、用于放置血液样本的样品放置机构（120）以及用于实现测试机构（110）靠近或者远离所述样品放置机构（120）的传动机构（130），该凝血检测仪器采用磁力吸引的作用，通过第一磁力体（111）和第二磁力体（112）的牵引力来牵动杯盖（1222）搅拌杯体（1221）中血样，并通过码盘（123）和信号收发器（125）将血凝过程中微观发生复杂的生物变化转换成脉冲信号进行采集处理成血栓弹力图，使得测试过程操作简单，降低操作人员的工作量，节省了成本。

Description

一种凝血检测仪器
本申请要求于2014年12月12日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410773207.2、发明名称为“一种凝血检测仪器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及血液检测领域，特别涉及一种凝血检测仪器。
背景技术
目前医院通常采用血栓弹力图仪从整个动态过程来监测病人的凝血全貌，利用血栓弹力仪对病人的血液进行分析而后输出血栓弹力图。
目前的血栓弹力图仪主要工作原理是通过悬垂丝上端装有一传感器来监测悬垂丝扭力的变化，下端悬吊着一带有圆柱体的杯盖，杯盖的圆柱体侵入在盛有血样的杯体中，杯体装在恒温控制板上，恒温控制板以4°45'角度来回转动带动杯体转动并影响着血样，随着时间的增加，血样中的纤维蛋白的黏附性产生的阻力不同，从而通过杯盖上圆柱体传到悬垂丝的动力不同，反映传感器上的数据变化不同，从而达到检测血凝过程的目的。
如图1所示，现有血栓弹力图仪的主要部件有：自动调节恒温(37℃)的加热及恒温控制板106；插入测试杯105中的带有小圆柱体的杯盖104；测试杯105是承载在恒温控制板106上，可连接杯盖104的悬垂圆柱体103、与悬垂圆柱体103连接的悬垂丝102，传感器101。
悬垂丝102上端连接传感器101，下端连接锥形圆柱103并成为一体。悬垂丝102的转动产生的扭力会通过传感器101反应出来，锥形圆柱103与杯盖104通过机械式的轴孔过盈配合，下端测试杯105紧密的安置在能以4°45'角 度来回转动的恒温控制板106上，恒温控制板106的转动能带动测试杯105转动；杯壁与圆柱体中间盛放血样107。当血样107标本呈液态时，测试杯105的来回转动不能带动带有小圆柱体的杯盖104，通过传感器101反映出信号是一条直线，当血样107开始凝固时，测试杯105与杯盖104的圆柱体之间因纤维蛋白黏附性而产生阻力，测试杯105的转动带动杯盖104同时运动，随着纤维蛋白的增加阻力也不断增大，所述测试杯105带动杯盖104的运动也随之变化，继续测试随着时间的增加，纤维蛋白将逐渐溶解，阻力也慢慢减小，此信号通过传感器描绘出特有的血栓弹力图。
当前血栓弹力图仪有如下缺陷：
1、操作动作要求较高、耗费成本高。安装杯体、杯盖都必须小心翼翼操作，由于每个人的用力差异，通常会出现杯体未放到反应池底部，造成结果不准，杯盖装配不紧导致测试过程掉落等问题，这会导致血样的重新采集和试剂的重新添加，由于试剂样本的价格昂贵，这将导致人力物力等成本耗费较高。
2、操作步骤繁多，医护人员工作量增大。从操作开始到结束，医护人员要打开安装按钮，安装杯盖、杯体，安装完成后要恢复安装按钮再进行后续测试，测试完之后重复上述步骤进行拆卸。此过程大大地增加了医务人员的工作量。
3、操作环境要求，由于仪器本身结构的限制，测试环境要求水平度和垂直度较高，很容易由于震动和仪器的放置不够水平导致出现结果不准、错误或测试失败等问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种凝血检测仪器。
所述仪器包括用于检测血液弹力的测试机构、用于放置血液样本的样品放置机构以及用于实现测试机构靠近或者远离所述样品放置机构的传动机构；
测试机构包括转动单元、测试单元以及支撑上述部件的支架，所述转动单元包括第一磁力体、第二磁力体、第一伺服电机以及转动杆，所述第一磁力体和第二磁力体间隔设置，所述第一磁力体与第一伺服电机固定连接，所述第二磁力体与转动杆固定连接，以使得所述第一磁力体转动时带动所述第二磁力体转动；
所述样品放置机构包括用于保持血样的恒温单元及用于盛放血样的样本杯组件，所述样本杯组件包括杯体及杯盖，所述杯体为有一端开口的容器，所述杯盖与所述杯体的开口盖合，所述杯盖朝向杯体的表面设有搅拌翼片，所述搅拌翼片容纳与所述杯体内，所述杯盖设有与所述转动杆配合的通孔，以使得所述传动杆插入所述通孔带动杯盖转动；
所述测试机构处于第一位置时，所述转动杆插入所述杯盖的通孔以实现所述转动杆与杯盖连接；
所述测试机构处于第二位置时，所述传动杆带动所述杯盖远离所述杯体且使得搅拌翼片位于所述杯体内部，以及所述第一伺服电机以预设转动角度带动所述第一磁力体转动，第一磁力体在磁力的作用下带动所述第二磁力体转动，所述第二磁力体带动所述搅拌翼片在所述杯体内转动，及
所述测试单元还包括信号发生器及处理器，所述信号发生器根据所述第二磁力体的转动情况生成信号，并将所述信号发送至处理器，处理器将利用收到的信号绘制血栓弹力图。
作为一种优选的方案，所述第一磁力体的重心位置与所述第一伺服电机的 转轴固定连接，所述第二磁力体安装在转动杆的一端，第二磁力体的重心位置与转动杆连接，所述第一磁力体的N极和S极所在直线与所述转轴垂直。
作为一种优选的方案，所述第一磁力体的磁力大于第二磁力体的磁力，所述第一磁力体和所述第二磁力体为圆柱体，第一磁力体与第二磁力体沿竖直方向间隔且平行设置。
作为一种优选的方案，所述支架包括位于支架顶端用于安装第一伺服电机的安装板、位于支架底端用于支撑第二磁力体转动的定位板以及连接安装板与定位板的竖直板。
作为一种优选的方案，所述定位板的材料为聚四氟乙烯或聚醚醚酮。
作为一种优选的方案，所述信号生成器包括码盘、信号收发器，所述码盘的盘面设置至少一个窗口，所述转动杆穿过所述码盘的中心并与码盘固定连接，所述信号收发器包括位于码盘两侧的一对脉冲发射极和脉冲接收极，脉冲发射极向码盘发射脉冲信号，以使得脉冲信号经过码盘的窗口，脉冲接收极接收到该脉冲信号，当脉冲发射极发射的脉冲信号被码盘阻挡时，脉冲接收极不会接收到该脉冲信号。
作为一种优选的方案，所述窗口为矩形窗，所述四个矩形窗沿着码盘圆周方向等间隔设置。
作为一种优选的方案，在平行码盘的表面方向，所述窗口的截面为梯形。
作为一种优选的方案，所述码盘位于转动杆靠近第二磁力体的一端，所述转动杆的端部沿径向设有贯通孔，所述第二磁力体穿过该贯通孔，第二磁力体的重心位置位于该贯通孔内。
作为一种优选的方案，在码盘背离第二磁力体一侧的转动杆上环绕圆周方 向设有锥形凸台，所述定位板上设有定位孔，所述转动杆穿过所述定位孔，所述锥形凸台抵靠在所述定位孔的孔壁上。
作为一种优选的方案，所述转动杆穿过定位孔的杆体设有限位槽，所述限位槽为环绕转动杆圆周方向设置的环形沟槽，所述限位槽中设有限位扣，以使得限位所述转动杆。
作为一种优选的方案，所述转动杆的另一端包括导向尖端和锥形部，所述导向尖端位于锥形部的末端且成锥形体，所述锥形部的直径朝向导向尖端逐渐减小且与导向尖端连续设置成一体。
作为一种优选的方案，所述恒温单元包括安装支座及位于安装支座上的恒温控制组件，所述恒温控制组件包括用于固定和支撑恒温辅助板并防止其温度发散的隔热支撑板、安装在隔热支撑板上的恒温辅助板以及安装在恒温辅助板下表面的用于加热和探测恒温辅助板的温度的恒温保持器，以使得在恒温辅助板的温度高于所需的温度阈值时恒温保持器停止对恒温辅助板加热，在所述恒温辅助板的温度低于所需的温度阈值时所述恒温保持器对所述恒温辅助板进行加热。
作为一种优选的方案，所述恒温辅助板设有一用于容纳样本杯组件的定位槽，所述样本杯组件放置在定位槽中，所述定位槽的端面上设置有一矩形缺口，所述样本杯组件的杯体外表面设置与该缺口配合的把手，所述样本杯组件放置在定位槽内，所述把手卡在所述缺口中。
作为一种优选的方案，所述杯体为具有一端开口的容器，所述杯体的底部具有一定锥度，在杯体的侧壁上设有一把手，所述把手与所述定位槽上的矩形缺口相配合，以限制杯体与定位槽之间发生相对转动。
作为一种优选的方案，所述杯体为圆锥体，杯体壁厚为0.5毫米至3毫米，所述杯体容积大于100微升，所述把手呈直角三角形，所述把手设置在所述杯体靠近开口的侧壁上。
作为一种优选的方案，所述杯盖为圆形且与杯体的开口相适合，所述通孔为锥形孔且位于所述杯盖的中心，所述锥形孔的锥度采用莫氏锥度且可与转动杆的锥形部配合。
作为一种优选的方案，所述杯盖的下表面围绕圆心均匀设置四个搅拌翼片，所述四个搅拌翼片对称分布在杯盖的下表面，以使得所述搅拌翼片可在转动杆的带动下搅拌所述杯体中的血样。
作为一种优选的方案，所述搅拌翼片具有两片平行设置的搅拌齿。
作为一种优选的方案，所述杯盖和所述杯体采用具有生物相容性的高分子材料。
作为一种优选的方案，所述样品放置机构还包括脱盖单元，用于在测试结束后将所述杯盖从转动杆上进行脱离，所述脱盖单元包括施力组件、一端安装在施力组件上的连接板以及安装在连接板另一端的脱盖板，所述脱盖板可在所述施力组件的作用下转动一定角度转至定位槽正上方。
作为一种优选的方案，所述施力组件为伺服电机，所述伺服电机安装在恒温单元的支座上，所述连接板与伺服电机的转轴连接，所述脱盖板的转动面可以与杯盖的上表面平行或者所述脱盖板由上至下转动到定位槽正上方。
作为一种优选的方案，所述脱盖板一端具有与所述连接板连接的圆柱凸台，所述脱盖板的另一端具有半圆形缺口。
作为一种优选的方案，所述脱盖单元还包括用于定位脱盖板的初始位置的 第一定位感应开关，所述第一定位感应开关位于所述安装支座上。
作为一种优选的方案，所述传动机构包括滚珠丝杠和导轨，所述导轨上设有可往复滑动的滑块，所述滚珠丝杠包括螺杆和环绕所述螺杆转动行进的螺母，所述测试机构的支架包括转接板，所述转接板分别与所述螺母及所述滑块连接。
作为一种优选的方案，所述测试机构还包括用于安装所述导轨的承接板，所述导轨安装在承接板的表面，所述承接板与所述样品放置机构的支座成垂直放置。
作为一种优选的方案，所述测试机构还包括用于定位滑块位置的第二定位感应开关和第三定位感应开关，所述第二定位感应开关和第三定位感应开关均设置在导轨的同一侧的承接板上，所述第二定位感应开关用于在测试机构处于第一位置时输出信号，所述第三定位感应开关用于在测试机构处于第二位置时输出信号。
作为一种优选的方案，所述承接板设有第四定位感应开关，用于在所述滑块处于导轨顶端时输出信号，以提示所述杯盖在测试机构的带动下远离所述杯体。
作为一种优选的方案，所述凝血检测仪器包括电气控制单元，电气控制单元与第一定位感应开关、第二定位感应开关、第三定位感应开关和第四定位感应开关电性连接，第一定位感应开关、第二定位感应开关、第三定位感应开关和第四定位感应开关将采集的信号输送至电气控制单元。
从以上技术方案可以看出，本发明实施例具有以下优点：
本发明提供的凝血检测仪器，采用磁力吸引的作用，通过第一磁力体和第 二磁力体的牵引力来牵动杯盖搅拌杯体中血样，并通过码盘和信号收发器将血凝过程中微观发生复杂的生物变化转换成脉冲信号进行采集处理成血栓弹力图，使得测试过程操作简单，降低操作人员的工作量，节省了成本。
附图说明
图1是现有技术的结构示意图；
图2是本发明凝血检测仪器的一种实施例的结构图；
图3是本发明凝血检测仪器的一种实施例的爆炸视图；
图4是本发明凝血检测仪器的一种实施例放置样品杯组件的示意图；
图5是本发明凝血检测仪器的一种实施例向杯体中加入血样的示意图；
图6是本发明凝血检测仪器的一种实施例测试机构对血样进行搅拌的示意图；
图7是图6另一视角的示意图；
图8是本发明凝血检测仪器的一种实施例进行脱掉杯盖操作的示意图；
图9是本发明凝血检测仪器的一种实施例杯盖脱掉后的示意图；
图10是本发明凝血检测仪器的一种实施例脱盖板复位取走样品杯组件的示意图；
图11是本发明凝血检测仪器的一种实施例样品杯组件的结构图；
图12是本发明凝血检测仪器的一种实施例码盘与转动杆连接的结构图；
图13是图12中V向的剖视图；
图14是图12另一视角的结构图；
图15是本发明凝血检测仪器的一种实施例恒温辅助板的结构图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例提供了一种凝血检测仪器，用于解决目前市面上的凝血全貌检测仪的操作过程复杂、血样检测容易失败、检测结果不准导致的误诊、医务人员工作量大和高昂的成本的问题。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
结合图2所示，本发明凝血检测仪器的一种实施例，所述仪器包括用于检测血液弹力的测试机构110、用于放置血液样本的样品放置机构120以及用于实现测试机构靠近或者远离所述样品放置机构的传动机构130；
测试机构包括转动单元、测试单元以及支撑上述部件的支架，所述转动单元包括第一磁力体111、第二磁力体112、第一伺服电机113以及转动杆114，所述第一磁力体111和第二磁力体112间隔设置，所述第一磁力体111与第一伺服电机固定连接，所述第二磁力体112与转动杆114固定连接，以使得所述第一磁力体111转动时带动所述第二磁力体112转动。
所述样品放置机构包括用于保持血样的恒温单元121及用于盛放血样的样本杯组件122，所述样本杯组件122包括杯体1221及杯盖1222，所述杯体1221为有一端开口的容器，所述杯盖1222与所述杯体1221的开口盖合，所述杯盖1222朝向杯体1221的表面设有搅拌翼片1223，所述搅拌翼片1223容纳与所述杯体1221内，所述杯盖1222设有与所述转动杆114配合的通孔，以使得所述传动杆插入所述通孔带动杯盖1222转动。
测试机构处于第一位置时，所述转动杆114插入所述杯盖1222的通孔以 实现所述转动杆114与杯盖1222连接。
测试机构处于第二位置时，所述传动杆带动所述杯盖1222远离所述杯体1221且使得搅拌翼片1223位于所述杯体1221内部，以及所述第一伺服电机113以预设转动角度带动所述第一磁力体111转动，第一磁力体111在磁力的作用下带动所述第二磁力体112转动，所述第二磁力体112带动所述搅拌翼片1223在所述杯体1221内转动。
所述测试单元还包括信号发生器及处理器，所述信号发生器根据所述第二磁力体112的转动情况生成脉冲信号，并将所述脉冲信号发送至处理器，处理器将利用收到的信号绘制血栓弹力图。
本发明提供的凝血检测仪器，采用磁力吸引的作用，通过第一磁力体111和第二磁力体112的牵引力来牵动杯盖1222搅拌杯体1221中血样，并通过码盘123和信号收发器将血凝过程中微观发生复杂的生物变化转换成脉冲信号进行采集处理成血栓弹力图，使得测试过程操作简单，降低操作人员的工作量，节省了成本。
下面对凝血检测仪器的结构进行具体介绍。
所述凝血检测仪器包括测试机构、样品放置机构以及用于实现测试机构靠近或者远离所述样品放置机构的传动机构；
测试机构包括转动单元、测试单元以及支撑上述部件的支架124；
所述转动单元包括第一磁力体111、第二磁力体112、第一伺服电机113以及转动杆114，即第一磁力体111的N极与第二磁力体112的S极位于同一侧，第一磁力体111的S极与第二磁力体112的N极位于同一侧，第一磁力体111和第二磁力体112之间产生磁性相吸的作用，第一磁力体111转动可带 动第二磁力体112转动，所述第一磁力体111的重心位置与所述第一伺服电机113的转轴固定连接，所述第二磁力体112安装在转动杆114的一端，第二磁力体112的重心位置与转动杆114连接，所述第一磁力体111的N极和S极所在直线与所述转轴垂直。
优选地，所述第一磁力体111和所述第二磁力体112为圆柱体，第一磁力体111的磁力值大于第二磁力体112的磁力值，从而使第一磁力体111能顺利轻松的带动第二磁力体112转动，其中第一磁力体和第二磁力体112的中心距离大于两者的半径之和，即第一磁力体111与第二磁力体112沿竖直方向间隔且平行设置，避免了由于第一磁力体和第二磁力体的接触而导致测试结果的不准的问题。
结合图2和图3所示，所述支架124包括位于支架124顶端用于安装第一伺服电机113的安装板1241、位于支架124底端用于支撑第二磁力体112转动的定位板1242以及连接安装板1241与定位板1242的竖直板1243，所述定位板1242采用材料为摩擦因数较小的聚四氟乙烯或聚醚醚酮(PEEK)，也可采用其他具有自润滑性良好、机械强度高、耐高温、耐冲击、阻燃、耐酸碱、耐水解、耐磨、耐疲劳、耐辐照性能的材料，尤其用于与码盘123接触面的材料，使其配合的摩擦力降低到最小。
所述测试单元包括信号生成器及处理器，所述信号生成器包括码盘123、信号收发器125，信号收发器125将产生的脉冲信号发送至处理器，处理器将利用收到的脉冲信号绘制血栓弹力图，具体为所述码盘123的盘面设置至少一个窗口1231，所述转动杆114穿过所述码盘123的中心并与码盘123固定连接，优选地，采用过盈配合的方式，所述信号收发器125包括位于码盘123 两侧的一对脉冲发射极和脉冲接收极，脉冲发射极向码盘123发射脉冲信号，经过码盘123的窗口1231，脉冲接收极接收到该脉冲信号，当脉冲发射极发射的脉冲信号经过码盘123上阻挡时，脉冲信号不会穿过窗口1231，脉冲接收极不会接收到该脉冲信号。
对于如何生成血栓弹力图的过程需要重点说明：
所述第一磁力体111在第一伺服电机113的带动下以一定值角度ω幅度有规律的正反转动，在测试血液粘度最大时，所述第一磁力体111转动的角度ω为定值且应大于码盘123的转动的角度ω'，而ω'应大于码盘123上的窗口1231所在区域的角度σ，在磁力的作用下带动第二磁力体112并带动码盘123转动以角度ω'幅度正反转动。上述杯盖1222与码盘123紧密配合后以角度ω'的幅度搅拌杯体1221中盛放的血样，随着血样中纤维蛋白黏附性的变化，从而对杯盖1222下端的搅拌翼片1223产生阻力的变化反应到码盘123的转动角度ω'的幅度变化上，上述信号收发器125连续发射一定数量的脉冲，当所述码盘123的窗口1231经过信号收发器125的收发端口时才能接受到脉冲信号，其他区域则接收不到脉冲信号，根据接收到的脉冲信号的数量来判断码盘123的转动角度ω'的变化，经过信号的处理后反应出血凝过程的全貌，并画出血液弹力图。
结合图12和图13所示，优选4个窗口1231,所述窗口1231为矩形窗，所述四个矩形窗沿着码盘123圆周方向等间隔设置，其中，在平行码盘123的表面方向，所述窗口1231的截面为梯形，即沿截面从上到下方向上变窄，优选等腰梯形，其中0〈10〈180度，0〈β〈90度，通过采用这样的结构，使得仪器本身发生倾斜的时候，码盘123上窗口1231的边缘不会遮挡脉冲信号， 造成误判，因为在实际零部件加工和装配存在的误差、仪器工作时的震动和所处的水平环境不满足等因素势必会存在码盘123在垂直方向上向摆动一定角度θ，使得实际信号收发器125发射脉冲信号s1或s2与码盘123盘面不可能绝对垂直，从而会导致脉冲接收时产生脉冲数量误差，而窗口1231设计为上述等腰梯形时则可以避免截面为其他形状时产生的误差问题。
结合图14所示，所述码盘123位于转动杆114靠近第二磁力体112的一端，所述转动杆114的端部沿径向设有贯通孔1226，所述第二磁力体112穿过该贯通孔1226，第二磁力体112的重心位置位于该贯通孔1226内，这样在第二磁力体112自转的时候，不会因为重心不对称导致震动的产生。
结合图14所示，在码盘123背离第二磁力体112一侧的转动杆114上环绕圆周方向设有锥形凸台1141，所述定位板1242上设有定位孔，所述转动杆114穿过所述定位孔，所述锥形凸台1141抵靠在所述定位孔的孔壁上，这样在转动杆114转动的过程中，转动杆114与定位板1242的接触面积变小，摩擦力降低，尽量减小摩擦对测试结果的影响，提高测试结果的准确性。
结合图3所示，为了防止转动杆114在定位板1242上沿着上下方向窜动，所述转动杆114穿过定位孔的杆体设有限位槽1142，所述限位槽1142为环绕转动杆114圆周方向设置的环形沟槽，在限位槽1142中加装限位扣1143，转动杆114在受到外力作用时候，由于限位扣1143和限位槽1142的配合存在，限制了转动杆114轴向的运动位移，使得位于定位孔两侧的转动杆114不易发生轴向窜动。
结合图14所示，所述转动杆114的另一端包括导向尖端1143和锥形部1144，所述导向尖端1143位于转动杆114的末端且成锥形体，用于在与杯盖 1222配合时起到导向定位作用，方便插入杯盖1222，锥形部1144自身具有一定锥度，即锥形部1144的直径朝向导向尖端1143逐渐减小，与导向尖端1143连续设置成一体，在于杯盖1222配合的时候，也通过过盈配合实现轻松装配并且不容易脱落，避免了由于人为装配出现装配不到位和震动导致的血样检测容易失败和检测结果不准的问题。
样品放置机构包括恒温单元121、样本杯组件122以及脱盖单元，下面对各部分结构进行具体说明：
结合图3所示，恒温单元121包括安装支座1211及位于安装支座1211上的恒温控制组件，所述恒温控制组件包括隔热支撑板1212、安装在隔热支撑板1212上的恒温辅助板1213以及安装在恒温辅助板1213下表面的恒温保持器1214，所述隔热支撑板1212采用隔热和硬度高的非金属材料，用于固定和支撑恒温辅助板1213并防止其温度发散，所述恒温保持器1214用于加热和探测恒温辅助板1213的温度，检测恒温辅助板1213的温度是否所需的温度阈值，如果高于所需的温度阈值恒温保持器1214停止对恒温辅助板1213加热，如果温度低于所需的温度阈值恒温保持器1214对恒温辅助板1213进行加热，从而达到保持恒温辅助板1213温度恒定在所需的温度阈值的目的，在本实施例中，所需的温度阈值为37摄氏度。
结合图15所示，所述恒温辅助板1213设有一用于容纳样本杯组件122的定位槽1215，所述样本杯组件122放置在定位槽1215中，本实施例中，定位槽1215采用圆筒结构，圆筒的轴向方向与恒温辅助板1213的表面垂直，在定位槽1215的端面上设置有一矩形缺口1216，在样本杯组件122的杯体1221外表面设置与该矩形缺口1216配合的把手1224，样本杯组件122放置在定位 槽1215内，该把手1224卡在所述矩形缺口1216中，当然定位槽1215的形状可以为方筒或者其他结构形状，满足样本杯组件122放置在定位槽1215中不会发生相对转动即可，具体可不做限定，定位槽1215为用于定位样本杯组件122，防止在测试过程中由于血样的纤维蛋白粘度增加带动其一起晃动，影响测试结果。
结合图11所示，样本杯组件122包括杯体1221，所述杯体1221为具有一端开口的容器，所述杯体1221的底部具有一定锥度，以便更容易放置在定位槽1215内，杯体1221形状与定位槽1215相适合即可，例如，定位槽1215采用圆筒，则杯体1221也涉及为圆柱体，在本实施例中杯体1221壁厚优选0.5毫米～3毫米，容积设为大于100微升，在杯体1221的侧壁上设有一把手1224，优选地，所述把手1224呈直角三角形，所述把手1224设置在杯体1221靠近开口的侧壁上，该把手1224可以定位槽1215上的矩形缺口1216相配合，限制杯体1221与定位槽1215之间发生相对转动，防止在测试血样时候杯体1221转动影响测试结果，也方便用手拿取，避免了由于人为装配杯盖1222不到位和震动的因素造成测试结果不准确和测试失败，大大的降低了人力和物力成本。
结合图11所示，样本杯组件122还包括杯盖1222，杯盖1222为圆形，可以与杯体1221的开口相适合，所述杯盖1222上表面设有一通孔，该通孔具体的可以为锥形孔1225，优选地，所述锥形孔1225位于杯盖1222的中心，所述锥形孔1225的锥度采用莫氏锥度设计并可与转动杆114的锥形部1144配合，本结构利用莫氏锥度本身具有的自锁功能，能把轴向的力转化为转动的径向力的原理使得杯盖1222与转动杆114的锥形部1144紧密连接。杯盖1222 下表面设有至少一个搅拌翼片1223，所述搅拌翼片1223均匀分布在杯盖1222的下表面，搅拌翼片1223可在转动杆114的带动下搅拌杯体1221中血样，通过搅拌翼片搅拌血样，可以使得搅拌翼片更好的接触，可以增加接触面积和搅拌阻力，便于绘制血样凝固的程度，提高测试准确性。
结合图11所示，优选地，在杯盖1222的下表面围绕圆心均匀设置四个搅拌翼片1223，四个搅拌翼片1223对称分布在杯盖1222的下表面，使得杯盖1222在转动过程中受力均匀，避免因为搅拌翼片分布不平衡产生振动。
结合图11所示，优选地，每个搅拌翼片1223的形状为n形，即每个搅拌翼片1223具有两片搅拌齿，两个搅拌齿平行设置，通过该结构使得在搅拌的过程中提高搅拌翼片1223的韧性以及增大血样对搅拌翼片1223的阻力，更准确的监测出血样凝固的程度，提高测试准确性。
优选地，所述样本杯组件122的杯盖1222和杯体1221采用具有生物相容性的高分子材料制成并带有一定的韧性，均为一次性耗材用品，在使用之前杯盖1222与杯体1221扣合密封，保证了杯体1221内部的清洁，避免血样受到污染。
结合图9和图10所示，样品放置机构还包括脱盖单元，用于在测试结束后将所述杯盖1222从转动杆114上进行脱离，便于操作人员将样本杯组件122整体取下。
结合图9和图10所示，所述脱盖单元包括施力组件126、一端安装在施力组件126上的连接板1261以及安装在连接板1261另一端的脱盖板1262，所述脱盖板1262可在施力组件126的作用下转动一定角度转至定位槽1215正上方，阻挡样本杯组件122跟随转动杆114提升，即阻挡样本杯组件122沿 转动杆114的轴向方向上持续上升，使得样本杯组件122与转动杆114分离，这样可以起到自动脱盖的作用，解决了医护人员操作步骤繁多、工作量大、人为装配出现的用力不一导致的结果不准、错误或测试失败的问题，杯盖1222与转动杆114的自动化装配连接，测试完毕后通过脱盖板1262自动卸掉杯盖1222来解决医务人员工作量大、操作过程复杂的问题。
结合图9和图10所示，优选地，施力组件126可以采用伺服电机，伺服电机安装在恒温单元121的支座上，连接板1261与伺服电机的转轴连接，通过输出控制信号，控制伺服电机转动，带动连接板1261，进而带动脱盖板1262转动，脱盖板1262的转动面可以与杯盖1222的上表面平行，即沿着水平方向转动，当然也可以在竖直方向上转动，即脱盖板1262由上至下转动到定位槽1215正上方，在本实施例中采用脱盖板1262水平方向转动的方式转动至定位槽1215正上方。
优选地，所述脱盖板1262一端具有与连接板1261连接的圆柱凸台，脱盖板1262的另一端具有半圆形缺口，使得脱盖板1262可以更好的转动到杯盖1222的上方，使得脱盖过程更平稳，不容易发生偏转。
优选地，所述脱盖单元还包括第一定位感应开关，用于定位脱盖板1262的初始位置，从初始位置转动到定位槽1215正上方的角度可以根据需要设置，转动角度大于零度即可，所述第一定位感应开关位于所述安装支座1211上，本实施例中，脱盖板1262的转动角度为90度，在脱盖板1262完成脱盖后转动到第一定位感应开关1263正上方，第一定位感应开关1263为脉冲收发器，脉冲信号经过脱盖板1262的反射，第一定位感应开关1263输出信号，伺服电机停止转动，使得脱盖板1262定位在初始位置。
结合图2和图3所示，下面介绍一下实现测试机构靠近或远离样品放置机构的传动机构的结构，具体包括以下：
所述传动机构130包括滚珠丝杠131和导轨132，所述滚珠丝杠131包括螺杆1311和螺母1312，滚珠丝杠131也可以采用其他可以缓慢提升或者降落测试机构的装置，当然如果能够解决好减震缓冲问题，也可以采用气缸代替，不做限定。
所述测试机构的支架124包括用于连接螺母1312和滑块的转接板1241，在导轨132上可往复滑动的设置滑块1321，本实施例中，滚珠丝杠的螺杆1311作为主动体，在螺杆1311的底端设置有伺服电机，伺服电机带动螺杆1311转动，滑块在导轨132可以上下滑动起到导向作用，通过螺杆1311的转动带动螺母1312直线运动，这样位于螺母1312上的测试机构可以实现靠近或者远离样品放置机构。
优选地，所述测试机构还包括用于安装导轨132的承接板115，导轨132安装在承接板115的表面，所述承接板115与所述样品放置机构的支座成垂直放置，即承接板115沿竖直方向设置，所述导轨132沿竖直方向设置在承接板115上。
优选地，所述测试机构还包括用于定位滑块位置的第二定位感应开关(图中未示出)和第三定位感应开关(图中未示出)，所述第二定位感应开关和第三定位感应开关均设置在导轨132的同一侧的承接板115上，所述第二定位感应开关和第三定位感应开关均设置在导轨的同一侧的承接板上，所述第二定位感应开关用于在测试机构处于第一位置时输出信号，处于第一位置时，转动杆114与杯盖1222连接，所述第三定位感应开关用于在测试机构处于第二位置 时输出信号，处于第二位置时，转动杆114带动杯盖1222转动搅拌位于杯体1221中的样品。
所述承接板设有第四定位感应开关1264，用于在所述滑块处于导轨顶端时输出信号，以提示所述杯盖1222在测试机构的带动下远离所述杯体1221，所述第四定位感应开关设置在靠近导轨132顶端的承接板115上，用于放置样品或者结束测试时候移除样品的操作
需要说明的是，定位感应开关可以设置在预定的位置，用于提示定位，感应开关可以包括发射器和接收器，发射器向接收器发射光信号，可以在滑块上安装阻隔板1265，用于遮挡光信号，接收器没有接收到光信号时则说明滑块上的阻隔板1265移动到了发射器和接收器之间，定位感应开关可以输出信号提示滑块运动到预定位置。
优选的，所述仪器还包括用于显示测量结果的显示屏，处理器根据脉冲信号生成血栓弹力图，再将血栓弹力图发送至显示屏显示，当然，显示屏不仅仅可以显示测量结果，也可以显示其他参数，例如操作时间等，具体不进行限定。
优选的，所述仪器还包括水平仪，用于检测仪器当前是否处于水平放置的状态，所述水平仪也可以通过显示屏将水平状态显示，方便操作人员调整仪器状态，避免仪器不平稳的情况，提高仪器的检测精度。
凝血检测仪器包括电气控制单元，电气控制单元与第一定位感应开关1263、第二定位感应开关和第三定位感应开关电性连接，第一定位感应开关1263、第二定位感应开关和第三定位感应开关电将采集的信号输送至电气控制单元，电气控制单元根据各个定位感应开关的信号控制伺服电机运动，到运动到指定位置则控制伺服电机停止转动，电气控制单元也可以用于实现控制装置 整体的电气工作，可以为显示屏进行供电等等，具体不作赘述。
结合图4至图10所示，为了方便对本发明的理解，下面提供凝血检测仪器的一种实施例的应用场景加以说明：
凝血检测仪器开机启动，进行系统初始化；
测试机构对码盘123和信号收发器125进行初始位置矫正，使得码盘123转动移动角度之后信号收发器125可以正常的完成发送或接收脉冲信号。
将样本杯组件122放置在样品放置机构的定位槽1215中，恒温单元121开始进行加热，并保持温度恒定不变，测试机构在传动机构的带动下运动到第一位置，第二定位感应开关输出信号提示测试机构处于第一位置，此时转动杆114插入杯盖1222的锥形孔1225中，转动杆114与杯盖1222配合连接在一起，传动结构带动测试机构向上运动至导轨132顶端，第四定位感应开关输出信号提示测试机构处于导轨132顶端，此时杯体1221和杯盖1222处于完全分离状态，检测人员向杯体1221内加入血样，测试机构在传动机构的带动下向下运动至第二位置，第三定位感应开关输出信号提示当前位置，此时，杯盖1222上的搅拌翼片1223伸入到杯体1221内的血样中，测试机构的第一伺服电机113转动，所述第一磁力体111在第一伺服电机113的带动下以一定值角度ω幅度有规律的正反转动，在测试血液粘度最大时，所述第一磁力体111转动的角度ω为定值且应大于码盘123的转动的角度ω'，而ω'应大于码盘123上的窗口1231所在区域的角度σ，在磁力的作用下带动第二磁力体112并带动码盘123转动以角度ω'幅度正反转动。上述杯盖1222与码盘123紧密配合后以角度ω'的幅度搅拌杯体1221中盛放的血样，随着血样中纤维蛋白黏附性的变化，从而对杯盖1222下端的搅拌翼片1223产生阻力的变化反应到码盘 123的转动角度ω'的幅度变化上，上述信号收发器125连续发射一定数量的脉冲，当所述码盘123的窗口1231经过信号收发器125的收发端口时才能接受到脉冲信号，其他区域则接收不到脉冲信号，根据接收到的脉冲信号的数量来判断码盘123的转动角度ω'的变化，经过信号的处理后反应出血凝过程的全貌，并画出血液弹力图。
血液弹力图绘制完成可以通过显示屏显示或者打印，脱盖单元转动到定位槽1215上方以阻挡杯盖1222，测试机构在传动机构的带动下向上运动，转动杆114也随着测试机构上升而上升，此时处在转动杆114上的杯盖1222由于脱盖单元的阻挡，杯盖1222不能继续向上运动，使得杯盖1222与转动杆114分离，达到自动脱盖的目的。
本发明的作用是解决目前市面上的凝血全貌检测仪的操作过程复杂、血样检测容易失败、检测结果不准导致的误诊、医务人员工作量大和高昂的成本的问题。
本发明通过将样品杯盖1222与码盘123下端的锥形段的自动化装配连接，测试完毕后通过脱盖板1262自动卸掉杯盖1222来解决医务人员工作量大、操作过程复杂的问题，避免了由于人为装配出现装配不到位和震动导致的血样检测容易失败和检测结果不准的问题，本发明选用材料为常见的普通材料，结构设计特殊解决了由于设备易坏导致的高昂的成本的问题。
整个操作过程中医生只需放置样品杯，按下测试按钮，并向样品杯加入血样，测试完后拿走样品杯即可，本仪器操作简便，大大地降低了医护人员的工作量，提高了工作效率，避免了由于人为装配杯盖1222不到位和震动的因素造成测试结果不准确和测试失败，大大的降低了人力和物力成本。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的内容以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统，装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统，装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接， 可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述实施例的各种方法中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，该程序可以存储于一计算机可读存储介质中，存储介质可以包括：只读存储器(ROM，Re10d Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(R10M，R10ndom 10ccess Memory)、磁盘或光盘等。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
以上对本发明所提供的一种凝血检测仪器进行了详细介绍，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明实施例的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会
有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述仪器包括用于检测血液弹力的测试机构、用于放置血液样本的样品放置机构以及用于实现测试机构靠近或者远离所述样品放置机构的传动机构；
    测试机构包括转动单元、测试单元以及支撑上述部件的支架，所述转动单元包括第一磁力体、第二磁力体、第一伺服电机以及转动杆，所述第一磁力体和第二磁力体间隔设置，所述第一磁力体与第一伺服电机固定连接，所述第二磁力体与转动杆固定连接，以使得所述第一磁力体转动时带动所述第二磁力体转动；
    所述样品放置机构包括用于保持血样的恒温单元及用于盛放血样的样本杯组件，所述样本杯组件包括杯体及杯盖，所述杯体为有一端开口的容器，所述杯盖与所述杯体的开口盖合，所述杯盖朝向杯体的表面设有搅拌翼片，所述搅拌翼片容纳与所述杯体内，所述杯盖设有与所述转动杆配合的通孔，以使得所述传动杆插入所述通孔带动杯盖转动；
    所述测试机构处于第一位置时，所述转动杆插入所述杯盖的通孔以实现所述转动杆与杯盖连接；
    所述测试机构处于第二位置时，所述传动杆带动所述杯盖远离所述杯体且使得搅拌翼片位于所述杯体内部，以及所述第一伺服电机以预设转动角度带动所述第一磁力体转动，第一磁力体在磁力的作用下带动所述第二磁力体转动，所述第二磁力体带动所述搅拌翼片在所述杯体内转动，及
    所述测试单元还包括信号发生器及处理器，所述信号发生器根据所述第二磁力体的转动情况生成信号，并将所述信号发送至处理器，处理器将利用收到的信号绘制血栓弹力图。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述第一磁力体的重心位置与所述第一伺服电机的转轴固定连接，所述第二磁力体安装在转动杆的一端，第二磁力体的重心位置与转动杆连接，所述第一磁力体的N极和S极所在直线与所述转轴垂直。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述第一磁力体的磁力大于第二磁力体的磁力，所述第一磁力体和所述第二磁力体为圆柱体，第一磁力体与第二磁力体沿竖直方向间隔且平行设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述支架包括位于支架顶端用于安装第一伺服电机的安装板、位于支架底端用于支撑第二磁力体转动的定位板以及连接安装板与定位板的竖直板。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述定位板的材料为聚四氟乙烯或聚醚醚酮。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述信号生成器包括码盘、信号收发器，所述码盘的盘面设置至少一个窗口，所述转动杆穿过所述码盘的中心并与码盘固定连接，所述信号收发器包括位于码盘两侧的一对脉冲发射极和脉冲接收极，脉冲发射极向码盘发射脉冲信号，以使得脉冲信号经过码盘的窗口，脉冲接收极接收到该脉冲信号，当脉冲发射极发射的脉冲信号被码盘阻挡时，脉冲接收极不会接收到该脉冲信号。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述窗口为矩形窗，所述四个矩形窗沿着码盘圆周方向等间隔设置。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，在平行码盘的表面方向，所述窗口的截面为梯形。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述码盘位于转动杆靠近第二磁力体的一端，所述转动杆的端部沿径向设有贯通孔，所述第二磁力体穿过该贯通孔，第二磁力体的重心位置位于该贯通孔内。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，在码盘背离第二 磁力体一侧的转动杆上环绕圆周方向设有锥形凸台，所述定位板上设有定位孔，所述转动杆穿过所述定位孔，所述锥形凸台抵靠在所述定位孔的孔壁上。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述转动杆穿过定位孔的杆体设有限位槽，所述限位槽为环绕转动杆圆周方向设置的环形沟槽，所述限位槽中设有限位扣，以使得限位所述转动杆。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述转动杆的另一端包括导向尖端和锥形部，所述导向尖端位于锥形部的末端且成锥形体，所述锥形部的直径朝向导向尖端逐渐减小且与导向尖端连续设置成一体。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述恒温单元包括安装支座及位于安装支座上的恒温控制组件，所述恒温控制组件包括用于固定和支撑恒温辅助板并防止其温度发散的隔热支撑板、安装在隔热支撑板上的恒温辅助板以及安装在恒温辅助板下表面的用于加热和探测恒温辅助板的温度的恒温保持器，以使得在恒温辅助板的温度高于所需的温度阈值时恒温保持器停止对恒温辅助板加热，在所述恒温辅助板的温度低于所需的温度阈值时所述恒温保持器对所述恒温辅助板进行加热。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述恒温辅助板设有一用于容纳样本杯组件的定位槽，所述样本杯组件放置在定位槽中，所述定位槽的端面上设置有一矩形缺口，所述样本杯组件的杯体外表面设置与该缺口配合的把手，所述样本杯组件放置在定位槽内，所述把手卡在所述缺口中。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述杯体为具有一端开口的容器，所述杯体的底部具有一定锥度，在杯体的侧壁上设有一把手，所述把手与所述定位槽上的矩形缺口相配合，以限制杯体与定位槽之间发生相对转动。
  16. 根据权利要求1或15所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述杯体为圆锥体，杯体壁厚为0.5毫米至3毫米，所述杯体容积大于100微升，所述把手呈直角三角形，所述把手设置在所述杯体靠近开口的侧壁上。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述杯盖为圆形且与杯体的开口相适合，所述通孔为锥形孔且位于所述杯盖的中心，所述锥形孔的锥度采用莫氏锥度且可与转动杆的锥形部配合。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述杯盖的下表面围绕圆心均匀设置四个搅拌翼片，所述四个搅拌翼片对称分布在杯盖的下表面，以使得所述搅拌翼片可在转动杆的带动下搅拌所述杯体中的血样。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述搅拌翼片具有两片平行设置的搅拌齿。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述杯盖和所述杯体采用具有生物相容性的高分子材料。
  21. 根据权利要求14所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述样品放置机构还包括脱盖单元，用于在测试结束后将所述杯盖从转动杆上进行脱离，所述脱盖单元包括施力组件、一端安装在施力组件上的连接板以及安装在连接板另一端的脱盖板，所述脱盖板可在所述施力组件的作用下转动一定角度转至定位槽正上方。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述施力组件为伺服电机，所述伺服电机安装在恒温单元的支座上，所述连接板与伺服电机的转轴连接，所述脱盖板的转动面可以与杯盖的上表面平行或者所述脱盖板由 上至下转动到定位槽正上方。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述脱盖板一端具有与所述连接板连接的圆柱凸台，所述脱盖板的另一端具有半圆形缺口。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述脱盖单元还包括用于定位脱盖板的初始位置的第一定位感应开关，所述第一定位感应开关位于所述安装支座上。
  25. 根据权利要求1所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述传动机构包括滚珠丝杠和导轨，所述导轨上设有可往复滑动的滑块，所述滚珠丝杠包括螺杆和环绕所述螺杆转动行进的螺母，所述测试机构的支架包括转接板，所述转接板分别与所述螺母及所述滑块连接。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述测试机构还包括用于安装所述导轨的承接板，所述导轨安装在承接板的表面，所述承接板与所述样品放置机构的支座成垂直放置。
  27. 根据权利要求1所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述测试机构还包括用于定位滑块位置的第二定位感应开关和第三定位感应开关，所述第二定位感应开关和第三定位感应开关均设置在导轨的同一侧的承接板上，所述第二定位感应开关用于在测试机构处于第一位置时输出信号，所述第三定位感应开关用于在测试机构处于第二位置时输出信号。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述承接板设有第四定位感应开关，用于在所述滑块处于导轨顶端时输出信号，以提示所述杯盖在测试机构的带动下远离所述杯体。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的凝血检测仪器，其特征在于，所述凝血检测仪器包括电气控制单元，电气控制单元与第一定位感应开关、第二定位感应开 关、第三定位感应开关和第四定位感应开关电性连接，第一定位感应开关、第二定位感应开关、第三定位感应开关和第四定位感应开关将采集的信号输送至电气控制单元。
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