WO2016084676A1 - Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides et élément de commande de lumière - Google Patents

Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides et élément de commande de lumière Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016084676A1
WO2016084676A1 PCT/JP2015/082399 JP2015082399W WO2016084676A1 WO 2016084676 A1 WO2016084676 A1 WO 2016084676A1 JP 2015082399 W JP2015082399 W JP 2015082399W WO 2016084676 A1 WO2016084676 A1 WO 2016084676A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
liquid crystal
display device
crystal display
control member
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PCT/JP2015/082399
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
康 浅岡
昇平 勝田
奨 越智
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シャープ株式会社
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Publication of WO2016084676A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016084676A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device and a light control member.
  • Liquid crystal display devices are widely used as portable electronic devices such as smartphones, or displays for televisions, personal computers, and the like.
  • the display has become particularly high-definition, and the development of a display that supports a super high-definition video (7680 Pixel ⁇ 4320 Pixel) having a resolution that is four times the width and width of the conventional full high-definition video (1920 Pixel ⁇ 1080 Pixel) is progressing.
  • a liquid crystal display device exhibits excellent display characteristics when a display screen is viewed from the front.
  • the contrast is lowered and the visibility is likely to deteriorate. For this reason, various methods have been proposed to widen the viewing angle range in which the screen can be observed with good visibility.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a VA (Vertically Alignment) mode liquid crystal display device and a MVA (Multi-domain Vertical Alignment) mode liquid crystal display device having good viewing angle characteristics.
  • VA Very Alignment
  • MVA Multi-domain Vertical Alignment
  • the transmittance is improved and the structure in the cell is simplified.
  • the number of domains is two, the average direction of the major axis of the liquid crystal molecules contained in each domain is different from each other by 180 ° when a voltage is applied.
  • a direction parallel to the major axis of the liquid crystal molecules is referred to as a director.
  • the display is not as good as when the liquid crystal display device is viewed from the front. There is no big change in the image.
  • this liquid crystal display device is viewed obliquely from above and below, the color change of the display image is larger than when the liquid crystal display device is viewed from the front. That is, the VA mode liquid crystal display device having two domains in one pixel has a problem that the viewing angle characteristic has a high azimuth angle and the viewing angle characteristic has a large azimuth angle dependency.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device having a small viewing angle dependency, and provides a light control member used for reducing the viewing angle dependency of the liquid crystal display device.
  • a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a first alignment film, a second substrate having a second alignment film, the first alignment film, and the second alignment film.
  • the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate are orthogonal to each other and form an angle that is not parallel to the first direction
  • the light control member includes a light-transmitting base material, a light shielding portion provided on the first surface of the base material, A light diffusing portion having a light emitting end surface in a region where the light shielding portion of the first surface of the base material is not formed, and a position partially overlapping with the light shielding portion when viewed from the normal direction of the base material
  • a light incident end face located on the side, and an inclined face located between the light exit end face and the light incident end face, and the planar shape of the light shielding part viewed from the normal direction of the substrate is A first straight portion intersecting the first direction is included
  • the azimuth distribution of the light diffusion intensity of the light control member viewed from the normal direction of the substrate may be two-fold symmetric.
  • the first linear portion is larger than 45 ° and smaller than 90 ° with respect to the first direction when viewed from the normal direction of the substrate. An angle may be formed.
  • the first linear portion when viewed from the normal direction of the base material, is one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate. It may intersect with the absorption axis of the plate.
  • At least a part of the first linear portion may be provided with a non-forming portion where the light shielding portion is not formed.
  • a portion of the light diffusing portion that faces the non-forming portion may have a rounded shape.
  • a portion of the first linear portion that faces the non-forming portion has a rounded shape, and the light diffusing portion has a light incident end face side.
  • the portion that faces the non-forming portion may have a larger radius of curvature than the portion that faces the non-forming portion of the first straight portion.
  • a portion corresponding to the first straight portion of the outer peripheral edge of the light shielding portion is defined as a straight edge, and the first When the portion corresponding to the portion facing the non-forming portion among the straight portions is a curved edge, the total length of the straight edges may be longer than the total length of the curved edges.
  • At least one non-formation portion may be disposed in the pixel.
  • the planar shape includes the first straight portion and an intersecting portion that intersects the first direction and intersects the first straight portion. And a second straight line portion.
  • the first angles facing each other across the intersection may be equal to each other.
  • the second angle adjacent to the first angle may be different from the first angle.
  • the first angle may be oriented in the first direction and an obtuse angle.
  • a portion of the light diffusing portion that faces the intersecting portion may have a rounded shape.
  • a portion of the first straight portion and the second straight portion that faces the intersecting portion has a rounded shape, and the light diffusion portion
  • the portion facing the intersecting portion on the light incident end face side may have a larger radius of curvature than the portion facing the intersecting portion of the first straight portion and the second straight portion.
  • portions corresponding to the first straight line portion and the second straight line portion of the outer peripheral edge of the light shielding portion when viewed from the normal direction of the base material.
  • the total length of the straight edges is It may be longer than the total length of the second curved edges.
  • At least one intersection may be disposed in the pixel.
  • At least one of the intersecting portions may be disposed in a pixel having a relatively high visibility transmittance among the pixels.
  • the pixel may include a plurality of sub-pixels, and the same number of the intersections may be disposed in the plurality of sub-pixels.
  • the pixel may have two domains, and the intersections may be arranged in the same number in each of the two domains.
  • the light-shielding portion may include a plurality of X-shaped light-shielding layers that are scattered on the first surface.
  • the planar shape may have a polygonal line shape having a bent portion at least partially.
  • At least one bent portion may be disposed in the pixel.
  • the planar shape may include a plurality of the first straight portions extending linearly in parallel with each other.
  • the width of the first straight line portion may be constant.
  • the interval between the two adjacent first linear portions may be random.
  • the planar shape may have a connecting portion that connects between the two adjacent first straight portions.
  • the liquid crystal display device further includes a lighting device disposed on a light incident side of the liquid crystal panel, and the lighting device has the first direction as viewed from the normal direction of the base material.
  • the amount of light emitted in a direction perpendicular to the first direction may be larger than the amount of light emitted in a direction parallel to the first direction.
  • the first of the plurality of luminance curves indicating the luminance distribution of light emitted from the illumination device in the azimuth angle direction viewed from the normal direction of the base material.
  • the first luminance curve showing the luminance distribution of light emitted in a direction parallel to the first direction and the second luminance curve showing the luminance distribution of light emitted in a direction perpendicular to the first direction It may have a two-fold symmetrical shape.
  • the light control member may include a sealing member that covers an outer peripheral portion of a region where the light shielding portion exists.
  • the sealing member may be disposed in a region other than the display region of the liquid crystal display device.
  • the index indicating the position of the light control member relative to the liquid crystal panel may be provided on the outer peripheral portion of the region where the light shielding portion exists.
  • the sealing member may be formed of the same material as the light diffusion portion.
  • the light control member of one aspect of the present invention includes a light-transmitting base material, a light shielding portion provided on the first surface of the base material, and the light shielding portion on the first surface of the base material.
  • a light diffusing portion having a region where no light is formed as a light exit end surface, and a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the light diffusing portion, provided at a position partially overlapping with the light shielding portion when viewed from the normal direction of the base material
  • a low-refractive-index part having a refractive index, and the light diffusion part includes the light emission end face located on the substrate side, a light incident end face located on the side opposite to the substrate side, and the light emission end face And the inclined surface located between the light incident end face, and the planar shape of the light shielding portion viewed from the normal direction of the substrate is relative to one side of the planar shape of the substrate
  • a sealing member having a first linear portion that intersects and covering an outer peripheral portion of a region where the light shield
  • the light control member of one aspect of the present invention includes a light-transmitting base material, a light shielding portion provided on the first surface of the base material, and the light shielding portion on the first surface of the base material.
  • a light diffusing portion having a region where no light is formed as a light exit end surface, and a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the light diffusing portion, provided at a position partially overlapping with the light shielding portion when viewed from the normal direction of the base material
  • a low-refractive-index part having a refractive index, and the light diffusion part includes the light emission end face located on the substrate side, a light incident end face located on the side opposite to the substrate side, and the light emission end face And a tilted surface positioned between the light incident end face, and the planar shape of the light shielding portion viewed from the normal direction of the base material is disposed on the side opposite to the base material side
  • a sealing member that covers the outer periphery of the region where the light shielding portion exists
  • the light control member of one aspect of the present invention includes a light-transmitting base material, a light shielding portion provided on the first surface of the base material, and the light shielding portion on the first surface of the base material.
  • a light diffusing portion having a region where no light is formed as a light exit end surface, and a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the light diffusing portion, provided at a position partially overlapping with the light shielding portion when viewed from the normal direction of the base material
  • a low-refractive-index part having a refractive index, and the light diffusion part includes the light emission end face located on the substrate side, a light incident end face located on the side opposite to the substrate side, and the light emission end face And the inclined surface located between the light incident end face, and the planar shape of the light shielding portion viewed from the normal direction of the substrate is relative to one side of the planar shape of the substrate
  • the light control member of one aspect of the present invention includes a light-transmitting base material, a light shielding portion provided on the first surface of the base material, and the light shielding portion on the first surface of the base material.
  • a light diffusing portion having a region where no light is formed as a light exit end surface, and a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the light diffusing portion, provided at a position partially overlapping with the light shielding portion when viewed from the normal direction of the base material
  • a low-refractive-index part having a refractive index, and the light diffusion part includes the light emission end face located on the substrate side, a light incident end face located on the side opposite to the substrate side, and the light emission end face And the inclined surface located between the light incident end face, and the planar shape of the light shielding portion viewed from the normal direction of the substrate is relative to one side of the planar shape of the substrate A first straight portion that intersects, and a second straight portion that has a cross portion that intersects the first straight portion,
  • the present invention it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device having a small viewing angle dependency without applying a complicated circuit structure.
  • a light control member used for reducing the viewing angle dependency of the liquid crystal display device.
  • (A) to (F) are views for explaining the action of the planar shape of the light shielding layer of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 41 is a diagram for explaining a method for measuring the strong scattering direction of the light control member, and includes a cross section taken along line A1-A1 of FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the azimuth angle and light reception intensity in the light reception angle of 30 degrees. It is a figure which shows orientation distribution of the light-diffusion intensity
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment.
  • the liquid crystal display device 1 of this embodiment includes a liquid crystal panel 2, a backlight 8, and a light control member 9.
  • the liquid crystal panel 2 includes a first polarizing plate 3, a first retardation film 4, a liquid crystal cell 5, a second retardation film 6, and a second polarizing plate 7.
  • the liquid crystal cell 5 is schematically illustrated, but the detailed structure thereof will be described later.
  • the backlight 8 of the present embodiment corresponds to the lighting device in the claims.
  • the observer views the display image of the liquid crystal display device 1 through the light control member 9.
  • the side on which the light control member 9 is disposed is referred to as the viewing side.
  • the side on which the backlight 8 is disposed is referred to as the back side.
  • the x axis is defined as the horizontal direction of the screen of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the y axis is defined as the vertical direction of the screen of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the z axis is defined as the thickness direction of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the horizontal direction of the screen corresponds to the left-right direction when the observer views the liquid crystal display device 1 facing the front.
  • the vertical direction of the screen corresponds to the up-down direction when the observer views the liquid crystal display device 1 facing the front.
  • the light emitted from the backlight 8 is modulated by the liquid crystal panel 2, and a predetermined image, character, or the like is displayed by the modulated light. Further, when the light emitted from the liquid crystal panel 2 passes through the light control member 9, the light distribution of the emitted light becomes wider than before entering the light control member 9, and the light is emitted from the light control member 9. .
  • liquid crystal panel 2 an active matrix transmissive liquid crystal panel will be described as an example.
  • the liquid crystal panel applicable to the present embodiment is not limited to an active matrix transmissive liquid crystal panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel 2 applicable to the present embodiment may be, for example, a transflective (transmission / reflection type) liquid crystal panel.
  • a simple matrix type liquid crystal panel in which each pixel does not include a switching thin film transistor may be used.
  • a thin film transistor is abbreviated as TFT.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the liquid crystal panel 2.
  • the liquid crystal cell 5 includes a TFT substrate 10, a color filter substrate 12, and a liquid crystal layer 11.
  • the TFT substrate 10 functions as a switching element substrate.
  • the color filter substrate 12 is disposed to face the TFT substrate 10.
  • the liquid crystal layer 11 is sandwiched between the TFT substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 12.
  • the TFT substrate 10 of this embodiment corresponds to the first substrate in the claims.
  • the color filter substrate 12 of this embodiment corresponds to the second substrate in the claims.
  • the liquid crystal layer 11 is sealed in a space surrounded by the TFT substrate 10, the color filter substrate 12, and a frame-shaped seal member (not shown).
  • the sealing member bonds the TFT substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 12 at a predetermined interval.
  • the liquid crystal panel 2 of the present embodiment performs display in a VA (Vertical Alignment) mode.
  • a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used for the liquid crystal layer 11.
  • a spacer 13 is disposed between the TFT substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 12.
  • the spacer 13 is a spherical or columnar member. The spacer 13 keeps the distance between the TFT substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 12 constant.
  • a TFT 19 having a semiconductor layer 15, a gate electrode 16, a source electrode 17, a drain electrode 18 and the like is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 14 constituting the TFT substrate 10 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side.
  • the transparent substrate 14 for example, a glass substrate can be used.
  • the TFT 19 of this embodiment functions as a switching element provided in each pixel.
  • a semiconductor layer 15 is formed on the transparent substrate 14.
  • the semiconductor layer 15 is made of a quaternary mixed crystal semiconductor material containing, for example, indium (In), gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), and oxygen (O).
  • a quaternary mixed crystal semiconductor material containing, for example, indium (In), gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), and oxygen (O).
  • ⁇ -Si AmorphousconSilicon
  • a gate insulating film 20 is formed on the transparent substrate 14 so as to cover the semiconductor layer 15.
  • a material of the gate insulating film 20 for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated film thereof is used.
  • a gate electrode 16 is formed on the gate insulating film 20 so as to face the semiconductor layer 15.
  • a laminated film of W (tungsten) / TaN (tantalum nitride), Mo (molybdenum), Ti (titanium), Al (aluminum), Cu (copper), or the like is used.
  • a first interlayer insulating film 21 is formed on the gate insulating film 20 so as to cover the gate electrode 16.
  • a material of the first interlayer insulating film 21 for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated film thereof is used.
  • a source electrode 17 and a drain electrode 18 are formed on the first interlayer insulating film 21.
  • a contact hole 22 and a contact hole 23 are formed through the first interlayer insulating film 21 and the gate insulating film 20 in the first interlayer insulating film 21 and the gate insulating film 20.
  • the source electrode 17 is connected to the source region of the semiconductor layer 15 through the contact hole 22.
  • the drain electrode 18 is connected to the drain region of the semiconductor layer 15 through the contact hole 23.
  • a second interlayer insulating film 24 is formed on the first interlayer insulating film 21 so as to cover the source electrode 17 and the drain electrode 18.
  • the same material as the first interlayer insulating film 21 described above or an organic insulating material is used.
  • a pixel electrode 25 is formed on the second interlayer insulating film 24.
  • a contact hole 26 is formed through the second interlayer insulating film 24 in the second interlayer insulating film 24.
  • the pixel electrode 25 is connected to the drain electrode 18 through the contact hole 26.
  • the pixel electrode 25 is connected to the drain region of the semiconductor layer 15 using the drain electrode 18 as a relay electrode.
  • a transparent conductive material such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide) is used.
  • the image signal supplied to the source electrode 17 through the source bus line passes through the semiconductor layer 15 and the drain electrode 18 to form a pixel electrode. 25.
  • the form of the TFT 19 may be the top gate type TFT shown in FIG. 2 or the bottom gate type TFT.
  • a first alignment film 27 is formed on the entire surface of the second interlayer insulating film 24 so as to cover the pixel electrode 25.
  • the first alignment film 27 has an alignment regulating force for vertically aligning liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 11.
  • the alignment process is performed on the first alignment film 27 using a photo-alignment technique. That is, in this embodiment, a photo-alignment film is used as the first alignment film 27.
  • a black matrix 30, a color filter 31, a planarizing layer 32, a counter electrode 33, and a second alignment film 34 are sequentially formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 29 constituting the color filter substrate 12 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side.
  • the black matrix 30 has a function of blocking light transmission in the inter-pixel region.
  • the black matrix 30 is formed of, for example, a metal such as Cr (chromium) or a Cr / Cr oxide multilayer film, or a photoresist in which carbon particles are dispersed in a photosensitive resin.
  • the color filter 31 includes one of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) pigments for each sub-pixel having a different color that constitutes one pixel.
  • One color filter 31 of R, G, and B is disposed to face one pixel electrode 25 on the TFT substrate 10.
  • the color filter 31 may have a multicolor configuration of three or more colors of R, G, and B. For example, a four-color configuration in which yellow (Y) is added, a four-color configuration in which white (W) is added, or yellow (Y), cyan (C), and magenta (M) are added 6 A color configuration may be used.
  • the planarization layer 32 is composed of an insulating film that covers the black matrix 30 and the color filter 31.
  • the planarization layer 32 has a function of relaxing and leveling the level difference formed by the black matrix 30 and the color filter 31.
  • a counter electrode 33 is formed on the planarization layer 32.
  • a transparent conductive material similar to that of the pixel electrode 25 is used.
  • a second alignment film 34 is formed on the entire surface of the counter electrode 33.
  • the second alignment film 34 has an alignment regulating force that vertically aligns the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 11.
  • the alignment process is performed on the second alignment film 34 using a photo-alignment technique. That is, in this embodiment, a photo-alignment film is used as the second alignment film 34.
  • the backlight 8 which is an illumination device includes a light source 36 and a light guide 37.
  • the light source 36 is disposed on the end face of the light guide 37.
  • As the light source 36 for example, a light emitting diode, a cold cathode tube, or the like is used.
  • the backlight 8 of the present embodiment is an edge light type backlight.
  • the light guide 37 has a function of guiding the light emitted from the light source 36 to the liquid crystal panel 2.
  • a resin material such as acrylic resin is used.
  • the light incident on the end face of the light guide 37 from the light source 36 is totally reflected inside the light guide 37 and propagates, and is emitted from the upper surface (light emission surface) of the light guide 37 with a substantially uniform intensity.
  • a scattering sheet and a prism sheet are disposed on the upper surface of the light guide 37, and a scattering sheet is disposed on the lower surface of the light guide 37.
  • the light emitted from the upper surface of the light guide 37 is scattered by the scattering sheet, then condensed by the prism sheet, and is emitted after being substantially parallelized.
  • White PET may be used as the scattering sheet.
  • a BEF sheet (trade name) manufactured by Sumitomo 3M may be used.
  • the backlight 8 may not have directivity.
  • a backlight in which the direction of light emission is controlled and the directivity is set somewhat moderately is used.
  • the backlight 8 may have directivity.
  • a first polarizing plate 3 is provided between the backlight 8 and the liquid crystal cell 5.
  • the first polarizing plate 3 functions as a polarizer that controls the polarization state of light incident on the liquid crystal cell 5.
  • a second polarizing plate 7 is provided between the liquid crystal cell 5 and the light control member 9.
  • the second polarizing plate 7 functions as a polarizer that controls the transmission state of light emitted from the liquid crystal cell 5.
  • the transmission axis of the first polarizing plate 3 and the transmission axis of the second polarizing plate 7 are in a crossed Nicols arrangement.
  • a first retardation film 4 is provided between the first polarizing plate 3 and the liquid crystal cell 5 to compensate for the phase difference of light.
  • a second retardation film 6 is provided between the second polarizing plate 7 and the liquid crystal cell 5 to compensate for the phase difference of light.
  • a TAC film is used as the retardation film (first retardation film 4, second retardation film 6) of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a driving circuit of the liquid crystal display device, and illustrates a schematic wiring diagram of a driver and a timing controller (TCON) of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the liquid crystal display device 1 of the present embodiment has four TCONs 80, and the four TCONs 80 are input to the source driver 81 and the gate driver 82 in the upper right region, upper left region, lower right region, and lower left region of the screen 83, respectively. The signal is controlled.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing gate bus lines and source bus lines of the liquid crystal display device 1, and is an enlarged view of an image display area of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the TFT substrate 10 has a plurality of pixels PX arranged in a matrix.
  • the pixel PX is a basic unit of display.
  • a plurality of source bus lines SB are formed on the TFT substrate 10 so as to extend in parallel to each other.
  • a plurality of gate bus lines GB are formed on the TFT substrate 10 so as to extend in parallel to each other.
  • the plurality of gate bus lines GB are orthogonal to the plurality of source bus lines SB.
  • a plurality of source bus lines SB and a plurality of gate bus lines GB are formed in a lattice pattern.
  • a rectangular area defined by the adjacent source bus line SB and the adjacent gate bus line GB is one pixel PX.
  • the source bus line SB is connected to the source electrode 17 of the TFT 19.
  • the gate bus line GB is connected to the gate electrode 16 of the TFT 19.
  • two source bus lines SB1, SB2 are formed for one column of pixels PX, and the first source bus line SB1 has an odd row (Line 1, 3,). ) Of pixels PX are connected, and pixels PX of even-numbered rows (Lines 2, 4,...) Are connected to the second source bus line SB2.
  • two gate bus lines GB are selected, and signals are written to the pixels PX two rows at a time.
  • the video signal When a video signal is input from the outside, the video signal is divided into four and supplied to four TCONs 80, and two gate bus lines GB are simultaneously selected. Therefore, at the first timing, the video is displayed on the first row, the second row, the 2161th row, the 2162th row, and then the fourth row, the fourth row, the 2163th row, the 2164th row, and so on. Is displayed, and after the last gate bus line GB in the 4320th row is selected, the next video signal is written again from above.
  • the driving method is not limited to the simultaneous writing of the four lines, and scanning may be performed line by line when the wiring capacity is sufficiently small and the response speed of the liquid crystal is sufficiently high.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the light control member 9 as viewed from the viewing side.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of the light control member 9 and a cross-sectional view from two directions.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view including the outer periphery of the light control member 9.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the intersection 103 of the light shielding layer 40 of the light control member 9.
  • a sealing member 150 described later is indicated by a two-dot chain line.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the light control member 9 as viewed from the viewing side.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of the light control member 9 and a cross-sectional view from two directions.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view including the outer periphery of the light control member 9.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the intersection 103 of the light shielding layer 40 of the light control member 9.
  • a sealing member 150 described later is indicated by a two-dot chain line.
  • the upper left side is a plan view of the light control member 9
  • the lower left side is a cross-sectional view along the line AA of the upper left side plan view
  • the upper right side is along the BB line of the upper left side plan view. It is sectional drawing.
  • the light control member 9 includes a base material 39, a light shielding layer 40, a light diffusion portion 41, and a hollow portion 42.
  • the light shielding layer 40 is formed on the first surface 39 a (surface opposite to the viewing side) of the base material 39.
  • the light diffusion portion 41 is formed in a region other than the region where the light shielding layer 40 is formed on the first surface 39 a of the base material 39.
  • the light shielding layer 40 is provided on the first surface 39 a at a position that does not overlap the light diffusion portion 41 when viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39.
  • the hollow portion 42 is provided at a position that partially overlaps the light shielding layer 40 when viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39.
  • the light shielding layer 40 of the present embodiment corresponds to the light shielding portion in the claims.
  • the light control member 9 is disposed on the second polarizing plate 7 with the light diffusion portion 41 facing the second polarizing plate 7 and the base material 39 facing the viewing side.
  • the light control member 9 is fixed to the second polarizing plate 7 through the adhesive layer 43.
  • the base material 39 examples include transparent resin base materials such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyethersulfone (PES) film.
  • TAC triacetyl cellulose
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PES polyethersulfone
  • the base material 39 becomes a base when the material for the light shielding layer 40 and the light diffusion portion 41 is applied later in the manufacturing process.
  • the base material 39 needs to have heat resistance and mechanical strength in a heat treatment step during the manufacturing process. Therefore, as the base material 39, a glass base material or the like may be used in addition to the resin base material. However, it is preferable that the thickness of the base material 39 is as thin as possible without impairing the heat resistance and mechanical strength.
  • the total light transmittance of the base material 39 is preferably 90% or more as defined in JIS K7361-1. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained.
  • a transparent resin substrate having a thickness of, for example, 100 ⁇ m is used as the substrate 39.
  • the light shielding layer 40 is formed in a lattice pattern as viewed from the normal direction of the first surface 39a of the base material 39.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 is a first linear portion 101 that extends linearly in one direction and a second shape that intersects the first linear portion 101.
  • the first straight line portion 101 and the second straight line portion 102 are portions having a certain width in the light shielding layer 40.
  • a crossing portion 103 is formed at a portion where the first straight portion 101 and the second straight portion 102 intersect in the light shielding layer 40.
  • the light shielding layer 40 is made of an organic material having light absorptivity and photosensitivity, such as carbon black that absorbs visible light, a black resist including a pigment and a dye, and black ink.
  • a metal film such as Cr (chromium) or a Cr / Cr oxide multilayer film may be used.
  • the light diffusing unit 41 is made of an organic material having optical transparency and photosensitivity such as acrylic resin and epoxy resin. Further, the total light transmittance of the light diffusing portion 41 is preferably 90% or more in accordance with JIS K7361-1. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained.
  • the light diffusing portion 41 has a light exit end face 41a, a light incident end face 41b, and a reflecting face 41c.
  • the light diffusing unit 41 uses a region of the first surface 39a of the base 39 where the light shielding layer 40 is not formed as a light emission end surface 41a.
  • the light emission end surface 41 a is a surface in contact with the base material 39.
  • the light incident end surface 41b is a surface facing the light emitting end surface 41a.
  • the reflection surface 41 c is a tapered inclined surface of the light diffusion portion 41.
  • the reflection surface 41c is a surface that reflects light incident from the light incident end surface 41b.
  • the area of the light incident end face 41b is larger than the area of the light exit end face 41a.
  • the light diffusion part 41 is a part that contributes to the transmission of light in the light control member 9. As shown in the lower left part of FIG. 6, among the light incident on the light diffusing portion 41, the light L1 is emitted from the light emitting end face 41a without being reflected by the reflecting surface 41c. Of the light incident on the light diffusing unit 41, the light L2 is totally reflected by the reflecting surface 41c of the light diffusing unit 41 and guided in a state of being substantially confined inside the light diffusing unit 41, and the light emitting end surface 41a. Is injected from.
  • the light control member 9 is arranged so that the base material 39 faces the viewing side. Therefore, of the two opposing surfaces of the light diffusing portion 41, the surface with the smaller area becomes the light emission end surface 41a. On the other hand, the surface with the larger area becomes the light incident end surface 41b.
  • the inclination angle of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusing portion 41 (the angle ⁇ c formed between the light incident end surface 41b and the reflection surface 41c) is, for example, about 80 ° ⁇ 5 °.
  • the angle of inclination ⁇ c of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusing portion 41 allows the incident light from the left and right directions to be emitted substantially in the vertical direction when emitted from the light control member 9, and the incident light can be sufficiently diffused. If it is a proper angle, it will not be specifically limited.
  • the inclination angle of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusing unit 41 is constant.
  • the height t1 from the light incident end surface 41b of the light diffusion portion 41 to the light emitting end surface 41a is set to be larger than the layer thickness t2 of the light shielding layer 40.
  • the thickness t2 of the light shielding layer 40 is about 150 nm as an example.
  • the height t1 from the light incident end face 41b to the light emitting end face 41a of the light diffusing portion 41 is, for example, about 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • a portion surrounded by the reflection surface 41 c of the light diffusion portion 41 and the light shielding layer 40 is a hollow portion 42. In the hollow portion 42, an inert gas such as nitrogen and argon, or a gas such as air is present.
  • the refractive index of the base material 39 and the refractive index of the light diffusion portion 41 are substantially equal.
  • the reason is as follows. For example, consider a case where the refractive index of the base material 39 and the refractive index of the light diffusion portion 41 are greatly different. In this case, when light incident from the light incident end surface 41 b exits from the light diffusion portion 41, unnecessary light refraction or reflection may occur at the interface between the light diffusion portion 41 and the base material 39. In this case, there is a possibility that problems such as failure to obtain a desired viewing angle and a decrease in the amount of emitted light may occur.
  • the light diffusion portion 41 is formed of, for example, a transparent acrylic resin
  • the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is an interface between the transparent acrylic resin and air.
  • the hollow portion 42 may be filled with another low refractive index material.
  • the critical angle is the smallest, and the incident angle range in which the light is totally reflected by the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is the widest. As a result, light loss is further suppressed, and high luminance can be obtained.
  • the hollow portion 42 of the present embodiment corresponds to the low refractive index portion in the claims.
  • the light shielding layer 40 is formed in a lattice pattern as viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39.
  • the planar shape around the intersection 103 seen from the normal direction of the base material 39 is an X shape that is long in the x-axis direction. That is, the light shielding layer 40 exhibits an anisotropic shape.
  • the first angle K1 formed by the first straight line portion 101 and the second straight line portion 102 at the intersecting portion 103 of the light shielding layer 40 is an obtuse angle, for example, 100 to 120 °. .
  • the second angle K2 adjacent to the first angle K1 is different from the first angle K1.
  • the second angle K2 is an acute angle, for example, 60 to 80 °.
  • the first angles K1 that face each other across the intersection 103 are substantially equal to each other, and the second angles K2 that face each other across the intersection 103 are also substantially equal to each other.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 is two-fold symmetric.
  • At least one intersection 103 is arranged in one pixel of the liquid crystal panel 2.
  • one pixel PX of the liquid crystal panel 2 includes three subpixels of red (R), green (G), and blue (B).
  • At least one intersection 103 is arranged in a green G pixel having a relatively high visibility transmittance among the pixels PX.
  • the same number of intersections 103 are arranged in each of the three subpixels. Note that when the pixel PX includes a yellow pixel, at least one intersection 103 may be arranged in the yellow pixel.
  • the width W1 of the first straight portion 101 is substantially constant, and the width W2 of the second straight portion 102 is also substantially constant.
  • the width W1 of the first straight line portion 101 and the width W2 of the second straight line portion 102 are substantially equal to each other (W1 ⁇ W2), for example, 10 ⁇ m.
  • the widths W1 and W2 of the linear portion are too small, the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion having an inversely tapered shape may stick to each other in the exposure process described later, and the hollow portion may not be formed. If the hollow portion cannot be formed, the light diffusion performance with respect to the area ratio (aperture ratio) of the region where the light shielding layer is not formed may be deteriorated. Moreover, even if the width W1 and W2 of the straight portion are too large, the opening on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion having an inversely tapered shape may become larger than necessary, and the light diffusing performance with respect to the aperture ratio may be deteriorated. .
  • the interval Wa between the two adjacent first linear portions 101 is random, and the interval Wb between the two adjacent second linear portions 102 is also random.
  • the interval Wa between the two adjacent first linear portions 101 and the interval Wb between the two adjacent second linear portions 102 are, for example, 6 to 40 ⁇ m.
  • the ratio of the occupied area of the light shielding layer 40 to the total area of the first surface 39a of the base 39 is, for example, 30% ⁇ 10%.
  • a portion corresponding to the lower part of the light shielding layer 40 is a hollow part 42.
  • the light control member 9 has a hollow portion 42 corresponding to the light shielding layer 40.
  • a light diffusion portion 41 is provided in a portion other than the hollow portion 42.
  • the light diffusing portions 41 are provided in a scattered manner on one surface 39 a of the base material 39.
  • the planar shape of the light diffusing portion 41 viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 is an elongated rhombus extending in the x-axis direction, or a parallelogram having long sides inclined at an acute angle with the x-axis direction.
  • the major axis direction of the rhombus that is the planar shape is substantially aligned with the x-axis direction
  • the minor axis direction of the rhombus that is the planar shape are aligned in the y-axis direction.
  • planar shape of the light diffusing unit 41 may not be a long rhombus extending in the x-axis direction or a parallelogram having a long side inclined at an acute angle with the x-axis direction in all the light diffusing units 41.
  • Other shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, and a semicircle may be included.
  • the openings of the light diffusion portion 41 may be formed so as to overlap each other.
  • the first linear portion 101 forming a part of the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 is inclined at an acute angle with the x-axis direction, and from the lower left to the upper right in the plan view of FIG. It extends toward.
  • the second straight line portion 102 forming a part of the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 is inclined at an acute angle with the x-axis direction and extends from the upper left to the lower right in the plan view of FIG.
  • the first straight line portion 101 and the second straight line portion 102 are arranged so as to be inclined closer to the x-axis direction than the y-axis direction.
  • the bisector Dk1 of the first angle K1 is arranged to face the y-axis direction
  • the bisector Dk2 of the second angle K2 is arranged to face the x-axis direction.
  • a plurality of source bus lines SB extending in parallel with each other and a plurality of gate bus lines GB extending in parallel with each other are orthogonal to each other.
  • the bisector Dk1 having the first angle K1 and the bisector Dk2 having the second angle K2 shown in FIG. It may be arranged so as to face the extending direction.
  • the reflection surface 41 c of the light diffusion portion 41 corresponds to the first straight portion 101 and the second straight portion 102 of the light shielding layer 40. From this, when the direction of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is considered, the ratio of the reflection surface 41c parallel to the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction in the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is extremely small. Most of the reflection surface 41c forms an angle with the direction and the y-axis direction.
  • the traveling direction of light is projected onto the xy plane
  • the light Lx incident from the x-axis direction and reflected by the reflecting surface 41c travels in the y-axis direction, enters from the y-axis direction, and is reflected from the reflecting surface 41c.
  • the light Ly reflected at has a high rate of traveling in the x-axis direction.
  • the light Lx diffused from the x-axis direction to the y-axis direction is lighter than the light Ly diffused from the y-axis direction to the x-axis direction. large.
  • planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 may partially include shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, and a semicircle. Further, a part of the light shielding layer 40 may be formed to overlap.
  • the light control member 9 includes a sealing member 150 that covers the outer peripheral portion of the region where the light shielding layer 40 exists.
  • the sealing member 150 is disposed in a region other than the display region of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the sealing member 150 has a rectangular frame shape in plan view of FIG. 7, and is disposed, for example, in a frame portion of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the sealing member 150 is formed of the same material as that of the light diffusion portion 41. Note that the sealing member 150 may be formed of a material different from that of the light diffusion portion 41.
  • an index 134 indicating the position of the light control member 9 with respect to the liquid crystal panel 2 is provided in the region where the sealing member 150 is disposed in the light control member 9.
  • the indicator 134 indicating the position of the light control member 9 with respect to the liquid crystal panel 2 is provided on the outer periphery of the region where the light shielding layer 40 exists.
  • the indicators 134 are arranged at the four corners of the sealing member 150 having a rectangular frame shape in plan view of FIG. Note that the position and number of the indicators 134 may be changed as necessary.
  • a portion 41 r (hereinafter referred to as a curved portion of the light diffusion portion) of the light diffusion portion 41 that faces the intersection portion 103 has a rounded shape that protrudes toward the hollow portion 42. .
  • a portion 103 r of the light shielding layer 40 facing the intersecting portion 103 (hereinafter referred to as “curved portion of the intersecting portion”) of the first straight portion 101 and the second straight portion 102 is recessed toward the light diffusion portion 41. It has a rounded shape.
  • the curved portion 41 r on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion 41 has a larger radius of curvature than the curved portion 103 r of the intersecting portion 103.
  • the curved portion 41r on the light emission end face side of the light diffusing portion 41 has a radius of curvature substantially equal to the curved portion 103r of the intersecting portion 103. Therefore, the curved portion 41 r on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion 41 has a larger radius of curvature than the curved portion 41 r on the light exit end face side of the light diffusing portion 41. Note that light can be reflected in various directions by the reflecting surface formed on the curved portion 41r of the light diffusion portion 41, and the change in viewing angle characteristics can be smoothed.
  • portions of the outer peripheral edge of the light shielding layer 40 corresponding to the first straight portion 101 and the second straight portion 102 are defined as straight edges 111 and 112, and the curve of the intersecting portion 103.
  • a portion corresponding to the portion 103r is defined as a curved edge 113.
  • the total length of all the straight edges 111 and 112 is longer than the total length of all the curved edges 113.
  • the curved edge 113 of the present embodiment corresponds to the second curved edge in the claims.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are schematic views showing the arrangement direction of the light shielding layer 40 with respect to the light control member 9.
  • a light control member manufacturing base material 86 that is larger than the size of the formation region 9E of one light control member 9 is prepared in advance, and thereafter Alternatively, the light control member manufacturing base material 86 may be cut and divided to cut out the light control member 9 having a desired size.
  • the light control member manufacturing base material 86 including the formation regions 9E of the plurality of light control members 9 is prepared in advance, and then the light control member manufacturing base material 86 is cut and divided to form a plurality of light control members 9. You may produce it collectively.
  • the light control member manufacturing base material 86 includes at least one light control member 9 formation region 9E.
  • the light control member manufacturing base material 86 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is a part of a roll-shaped raw fabric used in the Roll to Roll method.
  • the bisector Dk2 of the second angle K2 of the light shielding layer 40 is the edge of the light control member manufacturing base material 86.
  • the light control member manufacturing base material 86 may be divided by a straight line that is aligned in parallel with 86F and parallel to the edge 86F.
  • the bisector Dk2 having the second angle K2 of the light shielding layer 40 forms an angle of 45 ° with the edge 86F of the base material 86 for manufacturing the light control member.
  • the light control member manufacturing base material 86 may be divided by a straight line that forms an angle of 45 ° with the edge 86F of the base material 86.
  • the angle formed by the bisector Dk2 of the second angle K2 of the light shielding layer 40 and the edge 86F of the base material 86 for manufacturing the light control member does not necessarily need to be 45 °, and may be about 45 ° ⁇ 15 °. Good.
  • the absorption axis or the transmission axis of the polarizing plate has the light control member manufacturing base material 86 for convenience of the manufacturing process. Often coincides with the longitudinal direction. Therefore, the bisector of the second angle K2 of the light shielding layer 40 is set so that the bisector Dk2 of the second angle K2 of the light shielding layer 40 is inclined 45 ° with respect to the absorption axis or transmission axis of the polarizing plate. It is desirable to employ the arrangement shown in FIG. 10 in which the line Dk2 forms an angle of 45 ° with the edge 86F of the light control member manufacturing base material 86.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the definition of the polar angle and the azimuth angle.
  • the angle formed by the observer's line-of-sight direction F with respect to the normal line direction E of the screen of the liquid crystal display device 1 is defined as a polar angle ⁇ .
  • the angle formed by the direction of the line segment G when the line-of-sight direction F of the observer is projected on the screen with reference to the positive direction (0 ° direction) of the x-axis is defined as an azimuth angle ⁇ .
  • FIG. 12 is a front view of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the horizontal direction (x-axis direction) is the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° direction.
  • the vertical direction (y-axis direction) is the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction.
  • the transmission axis P1 of the first polarizing plate 3 is arranged in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 45 ° -225 °
  • the transmission axis P2 of the second polarizing plate 7 is set to have an azimuth angle ⁇ : 135 °- It is arranged in the 315 ° direction.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing an arrangement relationship between the light control member 9 and the pixel 50 including the VA mode liquid crystal included in the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the light control member 9 is arranged on the pixel 50.
  • the pixel 50 and the light control member 9 are shown in parallel in FIG.
  • the transmission axis P1 of the first polarizing plate 3 and the transmission axis P2 of the second polarizing plate 7 are shown.
  • the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51, the transmission axis P1 of the first polarizing plate 3, and the transmission axis P2 of the second polarizing plate 7 are illustrated as appropriate.
  • the pixel 50 in this embodiment employs a VA structure in which one pixel 50 is divided into two domains, a first domain 50a and a second domain 50b, a so-called two-domain VA structure.
  • a rectangular pixel is divided into two by a straight line parallel to the longitudinal direction to form a vertically long domain.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the pixel 50 are aligned substantially vertically when no voltage is applied.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 are illustrated in a conical shape.
  • the vertex of the cone means the end of the liquid crystal molecule 51 on the back side.
  • the bottom surface of the cone indicates the end of the liquid crystal molecule 51 on the viewing side.
  • the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 means the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 51, and the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is from the end on the back side of the liquid crystal molecules 51 to the end on the viewing side. Defined as heading.
  • the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is indicated by an arrow D.
  • the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 coincides with the long side direction of the pixel or the long side direction of the domain.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the first domain 50a and the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the second domain 50b are inclined in directions different from each other by 180 ° in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction. Oriented. Specifically, the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the first domain 50a are inclined such that the polar angle ⁇ at the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° is larger than 0 °. The liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the second domain 50b are inclined such that the polar angle ⁇ at the azimuth angle ⁇ : 270 ° is larger than 0 °.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 By aligning the liquid crystal molecules 51 in this way, in the first domain 50a, the liquid crystal molecules 51 have an azimuth angle ⁇ of 90 ° and a polar angle of 90 ° at the center in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 11 when a voltage is applied. Tilt down closer to °. In the second domain 50b, at the central portion in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 11 when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules 51 are tilted so that the azimuth angle ⁇ is 270 ° and the polar angle approaches 90 °.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the first domain 50a and the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the second domain 50b have an azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270. In the ° direction, they fall down in directions different from each other by 180 °. Note that the liquid crystal molecules 51 in the vicinity of the first alignment film 27 and the second alignment film 34 are regulated by the first alignment film 27 and the second alignment film 34, so that even when a voltage is applied. It remains vertical.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the first domain 50a and the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the second domain 50b do not necessarily need to be tilted in directions different from each other by 180 °, and may be tilted in directions different from each other by about 180 ° ⁇ 10 °. That's fine.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the first domain 50a and the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the second domain 50b are tilted in a direction greatly deviated from 180 °, the first domain 50a and the second domain 50b are transmitted. Rate balance may be lost.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the first domain 50a and the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the second domain 50b are tilted in a direction shifted by several degrees from 180 °. Also good.
  • the same number of intersections 103 are arranged in each of the first domain 50a and the second domain 50b.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating gamma characteristics when the polar angle ⁇ is changed in a liquid crystal display device of a comparative example that does not include the light control member 9.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the polar angle (°)
  • the vertical axis indicates the gamma value at each polar angle.
  • a curve Cx shows gamma characteristics when the polar angle ⁇ is changed in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 °
  • a curve Cy changes the polar angle ⁇ in the direction of azimuth angle 90 ° -270 °.
  • the gamma characteristic is shown.
  • the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is 90 ° -270 ° as shown in FIG.
  • the gamma value is adjusted to be maximum at a polar angle of 0 ° and 2.2.
  • the input (gradation) is Gr
  • the output (normalized luminance at each angle) is Br
  • the viewing angle characteristics in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° direction and the viewing angle characteristics in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction The difference is due to the fact that the liquid crystal molecules are aligned so as to tilt only in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 °.
  • the viewpoint moves in the minor axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules, so the birefringence difference of the liquid crystal molecules is so large Absent.
  • the viewpoint is moved in the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules, and further along the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted.
  • the birefringence difference of the liquid crystal molecules is large.
  • D is substantially equal. That is, the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules 51 are tilted when a voltage is applied, that is, the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 intersects the first straight portion 101 and the second straight portion 102 of the light shielding layer 40 of the light control member 9.
  • a light control member 9 is disposed on the surface.
  • the first straight portion 101 and the second straight portion 102 When viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39, the first straight portion 101 and the second straight portion 102 have an angle larger than 45 ° and smaller than 90 ° with respect to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 forms an angle larger than 0 ° and smaller than 45 ° with respect to the direction perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51. It has a first straight line portion 101 and a second straight line portion 102.
  • the angle formed by the first straight line portion 101 and the second straight line portion 102 with respect to the direction perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is about 33.7 °.
  • the first straight line of the light shielding layer 40 of the light control member 9 is used.
  • the portion 101 and the second linear portion 102 and the absorption axes P1 and P2 of the first polarizing plate 3 and the second polarizing plate 7 form an acute angle.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 is 45 ° with respect to the absorption axes P1 and P2 of one of the first polarizing plate 3 and the second polarizing plate 7.
  • the first straight portion 101 and the second straight portion 102 are formed at an angle of less than.
  • the traveling direction of the light when the traveling direction of the light is projected onto the xy plane, the light Lx incident from the x-axis direction and reflected by the reflecting surface 41c travels in the y-axis direction, enters from the y-axis direction, and is reflected by the reflecting surface.
  • the light Ly reflected by 41c has a high rate of traveling in the x-axis direction.
  • the amount of light Lx that enters from the x-axis direction and travels in the y-axis direction is compared with the amount of light Ly that enters from the y-axis direction and travels in the x-axis direction, it enters from the x-axis direction.
  • the amount of light Lx traveling in the y-axis direction is larger than the light Ly entering from the y-axis direction and traveling in the x-axis direction. The reason for this will be described below with reference to FIG.
  • FIGS. 15A to 15F show light-shielding layers having various shapes and arrangements and light reflection states.
  • the traveling direction of light is indicated by an arrow, and this arrow is a projection of the traveling direction of light on the xy plane.
  • the direction has a component in the z-axis direction.
  • the angles ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 are angles formed by the light incident direction and the light emitting direction when projected onto the xy plane.
  • a reflecting surface having an angle larger than 0 ° and smaller than 90 ° with respect to the x-axis may be used.
  • FIG. 15A consider a planar light shielding layer 40X obtained by rotating the first straight line portion and the second straight line portion by 45 ° with respect to the x axis and the y axis.
  • the reflection surface 41Xc makes an angle of 45 ° with respect to the x-axis.
  • the reflection surface 41Xc is arranged in the direction perpendicular to the formation surface of the light shielding layer 40X toward the back side of the paper surface of FIG.
  • the light L1 incident on the reflecting surface 41Xc from the negative side to the positive side of the x axis is reflected by the reflecting surface 41Xc, changes its direction by 90 ° on the xy plane, and travels in a direction parallel to the y axis. . That is, the angle ⁇ 1 formed by the incident direction and the emission direction of the light L1 projected onto the xy plane is 90 °.
  • the reflection surface 41Xc is not arranged in the vertical direction with respect to the light shielding layer 40X, but as shown in FIG. It inclines diagonally toward the broken line (outside shape of hollow part) shown inside the solid line which shows the external shape of the light shielding layer 40X toward the back side.
  • the angle ⁇ 2 is smaller than 90 °, and the light L2 incident on the reflecting surface 41Xc from the negative side of the x axis toward the positive side is reflected by the reflecting surface 41Xc and then in a direction parallel to the y axis. It does not advance, but proceeds in a direction inclined to the negative side of the x axis from the direction parallel to the y axis.
  • the first straight line portion 101 and the second straight line portion 102 are viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 as in the present embodiment. Are arranged so as to form an angle larger than 45 ° and smaller than 90 ° with respect to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51. In this case, as shown in FIG.
  • the reflection surface 41c is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the formation surface of the light shielding layer 40, the angle ⁇ 3 is larger than 90 °, and the negative x-axis
  • the light L3 incident on the reflection surface 41c from the side toward the positive side is reflected by the reflection surface 41c and does not travel in the direction parallel to the y axis, but is closer to the positive side of the x axis than the direction parallel to the y axis. Proceed in a tilted direction.
  • the actual reflecting surface 41 c is inclined obliquely toward the broken line (outer shape of the hollow portion) shown inside the solid line indicating the outer shape of the light shielding layer 40.
  • the angle ⁇ 4 can be set to 90 °, and the light L4 incident on the reflecting surface 41c from the negative side of the x axis toward the positive side is reflected by the reflecting surface 41c and then in a direction parallel to the y axis. move on.
  • the first straight portion and the second straight portion are liquid crystal molecules.
  • a light-shielding layer 40A arranged to form an angle larger than 0 ° and smaller than 45 ° with respect to the direction D of 51 directors.
  • the angle ⁇ 5 is smaller than 90 ° and the negative value of the x axis is negative.
  • the light L5 incident on the reflecting surface 41Ac from the side toward the positive side is reflected by the reflecting surface 41Ac, and does not travel in the direction parallel to the y axis, but is closer to the negative side of the x axis than the direction parallel to the y axis. Proceed in a tilted direction.
  • the angle ⁇ 6 is further smaller than the angle ⁇ 5, and the reflecting surface is directed from the negative side of the x axis toward the positive side.
  • the light L6 incident on 41Ac is reflected by the reflecting surface 41Ac, and then travels in a direction tilted to the negative side of the x axis from the direction parallel to the y axis.
  • the first straight line portion 101 and the second straight line portion 102 are arranged so as to form an angle larger than 45 ° and smaller than 90 ° with respect to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 when viewed from the normal direction.
  • the first straight line portion and the second straight line portion are larger than 0 ° with respect to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51.
  • the light shielding layer 40A arranged so as to form an angle smaller than 45 °, when comparing the three cases, light entering the reflecting surface from a direction parallel to the x axis and traveling in a direction parallel to the y axis (2) when viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39, the amount of the first straight portion 10
  • the light shielding layer 40 has the first and second linear portions 102 arranged so as to form an angle larger than 45 ° and smaller than 90 ° with respect to the director direction D of the liquid crystal molecules 51.
  • the light is incident from the x-axis direction.
  • the amount of light traveling in the y-axis direction is larger than the light traveling from the y-axis direction and traveling in the x-axis direction.
  • the light incident on the light control member 9 from the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° is greater than 45 ° with respect to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules in the light shielding layer 40 and Reflected by the reflecting surface 41c of the light diffusing portion 41 arranged corresponding to the first straight line portion 101 and the second straight line portion 102 that form an angle smaller than 90 °, the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction Is injected into.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ c of the light diffusing portion 41 is smaller than 90 ° (see FIG.
  • the polar angle ⁇ in the light traveling direction changes in a direction larger than that before entering the light control member 9. .
  • the light control member 9 is used to intentionally move light traveling in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° having inferior viewing angle characteristics. What is necessary is just to mix. Thereby, the difference of the viewing angle characteristic for every direction is relieved. Thereby, the variation of the luminance change is averaged, and the change of the gamma characteristic depending on the polar angle ⁇ in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° can be improved.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ which is the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51: 90 ° -270
  • the viewing angle characteristics in the ° direction are improved.
  • the viewing angle characteristics in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° perpendicular to the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted are good.
  • the light control member 9 it is possible to further improve the viewing angle characteristics in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° to 270 ° and to reduce the difference in viewing angle characteristics depending on the azimuth angle.
  • the viewing angle characteristics can be improved while maintaining a high transmittance without complicating the structure in the cell.
  • a liquid crystal panel that performs display in a TN (TwistedwNematic) mode may be used, or a liquid crystal panel that performs display in other liquid crystal modes may be used.
  • a liquid crystal panel that performs display in the TN mode includes a configuration in which a negative-type liquid crystal layer having a hybrid alignment in which the left-right characteristics are superior to the vertical characteristics is used as the viewing angle compensation layer.
  • a WV film (trade name) manufactured by Fuji Film may be used as the negative liquid crystal layer.
  • the first alignment film has an alignment regulating force that horizontally aligns the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer
  • the second alignment film includes the liquid crystal molecules that constitute the liquid crystal layer.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 is the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules, the first polarizing plate 3 and It has the 1st linear part 101 and the 2nd linear part 102 which cross
  • (Manufacturing method of liquid crystal display device) 16 to 19 are perspective views showing the manufacturing process of the light control member 9 step by step.
  • the manufacturing method of the light control member 9 constituting the liquid crystal display device 1 having the above configuration will be mainly described.
  • the outline of the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal panel 2 will be described first. First, the TFT substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 12 are respectively produced. Thereafter, the surface of the TFT substrate 10 on which the TFT 19 is formed and the surface of the color filter substrate 12 on which the color filter 31 is formed are arranged to face each other. Thereafter, the TFT substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 12 are bonded together via a seal member. Thereafter, liquid crystal is injected into a space surrounded by the TFT substrate 10, the color filter substrate 12, and the seal member. The first retardation film 4, the first polarizing plate 3, the second retardation film 6, and the second polarizing plate 7 are attached to both surfaces of the liquid crystal cell 5 thus formed using an optical adhesive or the like. Match. The liquid crystal panel 2 is completed through the above steps.
  • the manufacturing method of the TFT substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 12 may be a conventional method, and the description thereof is omitted.
  • a polyethylene terephthalate base material 39 having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m is prepared.
  • a black negative resist containing carbon as a light shielding layer material is applied to one surface of the substrate 39 using a slit coater.
  • the coating film 45 with a film thickness of 150 nm is formed.
  • the substrate 39 on which the coating film 45 is formed is heated with a heater, and the coating film 45 is pre-baked at a temperature of 90 ° C. Thereby, the solvent in the black negative resist is volatilized.
  • the coating film 45 is irradiated with light L through a photomask 47 in which an opening pattern 46 having a lattice shape, for example, a lattice shape, is exposed.
  • an exposure apparatus using a mixed line of i-line having a wavelength of 365 nm, h-line having a wavelength of 404 nm, and g-line having a wavelength of 436 nm is used.
  • the exposure dose is 100 mJ / cm 2 .
  • the coating film 45 made of black negative resist is developed using a dedicated developer, dried at 100 ° C., and the planar shape is as shown in FIG.
  • the lattice-shaped light shielding layer 40 is formed on one surface of the base material 39.
  • the transparent negative resist is exposed using the light shielding layer 40 made of a black negative resist as a mask to form the hollow portion 42. Therefore, the position of the opening pattern 46 of the photomask 47 corresponds to the position where the hollow portion 42 is formed.
  • the planar light-shielding layer 40 having a lattice shape corresponds to a non-formation region (hollow portion 42) of the light diffusion portion 41 in the next step.
  • the opening pattern 46 is a lattice pattern, and the width of the straight line portion is constant.
  • the arrangement (interval) (pitch) between two adjacent linear portions in the opening pattern 46 is neither regular nor periodic.
  • the interval (pitch) between the opening patterns 46 is preferably smaller than the interval (pitch, for example, 60 ⁇ m) between the pixels of the liquid crystal panel 2.
  • the light shielding layer 40 is formed by a photolithography method using a black negative resist, but the present invention is not limited to this. In addition to this, if a photomask in which the opening pattern 46 and the light shielding pattern of the present embodiment are reversed is used, a positive resist having light absorption can also be used. Alternatively, the light shielding layer 40 may be directly formed using a vapor deposition method, a printing method, or the like.
  • the light shielding layer 140F when the light shielding layer is formed by using a printing method such as an ink jet method, the light shielding layer 140F includes a plurality of dot-like portions 140a as shown in FIG.
  • the dotted portion 140a is a minimum unit dot constituting a pattern formed by the printing apparatus.
  • the light shielding layer is not limited to a uniform film, and may be composed of an assembly of a plurality of minute regions.
  • a transparent negative resist made of an acrylic resin is applied to the upper surface of the light shielding layer 40 as a light diffusion portion material using a slit coater.
  • the coating film 48 with a film thickness of 20 ⁇ m is formed.
  • the base material 39 on which the coating film 48 is formed is heated with a heater, and the coating film 48 is pre-baked at a temperature of 95 ° C. Thereby, the solvent in the transparent negative resist is volatilized.
  • the coating film 48 is irradiated with diffused light F from the base material 39 side using the light shielding layer 40 as a mask to perform exposure.
  • an exposure apparatus using a mixed line of i-line having a wavelength of 365 nm, h-line having a wavelength of 404 nm, and g-line having a wavelength of 436 nm is used.
  • the exposure amount is 500 mJ / cm 2 .
  • the substrate 39 on which the coating film 48 is formed is heated with a heater, and post-exposure baking (PEB) of the coating film 48 is performed at a temperature of 95 ° C.
  • PEB post-exposure baking
  • the coating film 48 made of a transparent negative resist is developed using a dedicated developer, post-baked at 100 ° C., and a transparent resin layer (light diffusion portion 41) having a hollow portion 42 as shown in FIG. Is formed on one surface of the substrate 39.
  • the transparent negative resist constituting the coating film 48 is radially spread so as to spread outward from the non-formation region of the light shielding layer 40. To be exposed. Thereby, the forward tapered hollow portion 42 is formed.
  • the light diffusion portion 41 has a reverse tapered shape. The inclination angle of the reflection surface 41 c of the light diffusion portion 41 can be controlled by the degree of diffusion of the diffused light F.
  • the transparent negative resist constituting the coating film 48 is exposed radially so as to spread outward from the non-formation region of the light shielding layer 40, so that the light diffusion portion 41.
  • the diffused light F is larger than the curved portion 41r on the light emitting end face side of the light diffusing portion 41.
  • the outline of the irradiation area can be blurred.
  • the radius of curvature of the curved portion 41r on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion 41 can be controlled.
  • the radius of curvature of the curved portion 41r on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion 41 can be made larger than the radius of curvature of the curved portion 41r on the light exit end face side of the light diffusing portion 41.
  • the sealing member 150 is indicated by a two-dot chain line. When the sealing member 150 is formed of the same material as that of the light diffusion portion 41, the sealing member 150 may be formed in the same process as the light diffusion portion 41 formation process.
  • the light F used here parallel light, diffused light, or light whose intensity at a specific emission angle is different from that at another emission angle, that is, light having strength at a specific emission angle can be used.
  • the inclination angle of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusing unit 41 becomes a single inclination angle of, for example, about 60 ° to 90 °.
  • the tilt angle changes continuously, and the cross-sectional shape becomes a curved inclined surface.
  • an inclined surface having a slope angle corresponding to the strength is obtained.
  • the inclination angle of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusing unit 41 can be adjusted.
  • the curved portion 41r on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion 41 which is a portion away from the light shielding layer 40 in the light diffusing portion 41 has a light diffusion.
  • the curvature radius of the curved portion 41r on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion 41 can be controlled by blurring the outline of the irradiation region of the diffused light F rather than the curved portion 41r on the light emitting end face side of the portion 41,
  • the radius of curvature of the curved portion 41r on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion 41 can be made larger than the radius of curvature of the curved portion 41r on the light exit end face side of the light diffusing portion 41. Thereby, it becomes possible to adjust the light diffusibility of the light control member 9 so that the target visibility can be obtained.
  • a diffusion plate having a haze of about 50 is arranged on the optical path of the light emitted from the exposure apparatus. You may irradiate light through. Further, when developing with a developer, the developer may be pressurized and sprayed onto a transparent negative resist to promote removal of unnecessary resist.
  • the total light transmittance of the light control member 9 is preferably 90% or more. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained, and the optical performance required for the light control member can be sufficiently exhibited.
  • the total light transmittance is as defined in JIS K7361-1. In the present embodiment, an example in which a liquid resist is used has been described, but a film resist may be used instead of this configuration.
  • the completed light control member 9 is placed with the adhesive layer 43 in a state where the base material 39 faces the viewing side and the light diffusion portion 41 faces the second polarizing plate 7. To the liquid crystal panel 2.
  • a heat and pressure treatment may be performed.
  • a part of the adhesive layer 43 enters a part of the hollow portion 42 during the heat and pressure.
  • the adhesive layer 43 that has entered the hollow portion 42 is cured.
  • the cured adhesive layer 43 is caught on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion 41 having a reverse taper shape. Therefore, the adhesion of the light control member 9 to the liquid crystal panel 2 is improved.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer 43 is preferably smaller than the height t1 (see FIG. 6) of the light diffusion portion 41 so that the hollow portion 42 is not filled with the adhesive layer 43.
  • the heat and pressure treatment By applying the heat and pressure treatment, the adhesion of the light control member 9 to the liquid crystal panel 2 is improved, and depending on the pressure, the inclination angle of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusing portion 41 is reduced, and the light diffusibility is increased. it can.
  • a method for the heat and pressure treatment for example, an autoclave device, a warming laminator, or the like can be used. Through the above steps, the liquid crystal display device 1 of the present embodiment is completed.
  • the viewing angle characteristics are obtained by mixing light of different directions by the light control member 9.
  • the orientation dependency of is relaxed.
  • light in the left-right direction that is excellent in viewing angle characteristics is preferentially mixed in the vertical direction that is inferior in viewing angle characteristics. Therefore, even if the observer tilts the line of sight from the front direction (normal direction) of the liquid crystal display device 1 to any direction, a good display can be visually recognized, and the liquid crystal display device has excellent viewing angle characteristics. 1 can be provided.
  • an interference fringe pattern is visually recognized when the period of each pattern is slightly shifted.
  • a light control member in which a plurality of light diffusion portions are arranged in a matrix and a liquid crystal panel in which a plurality of pixels are arranged in a matrix are overlapped, the periodic pattern by the light diffusion portions of the light control members and the liquid crystal panel.
  • the interval Wa between the two first linear portions 101 adjacent to each other in the light shielding layer 40 and the interval Wb between the second linear portions 102 are random.
  • the light diffusing portion 41 is formed in a region other than the region where the light shielding layer 40 is formed. Therefore, moire due to light interference does not occur with the regular arrangement of the pixels of the liquid crystal panel 2, and the display quality can be maintained.
  • the interval Wa between the two first linear portions 101 adjacent to each other in the light shielding layer 40 and the interval Wb between the second linear portions 102 are random. However, not all the intervals are necessarily random. . If a plurality of intervals are aperiodic, the occurrence of moire can be suppressed. Furthermore, when some moiré is allowed depending on the situation and application, the interval Wa between the two first linear portions 101 adjacent to each other in the light shielding layer 40 and the interval Wb between the second linear portions 102 are determined. It may be arranged periodically.
  • the width W1 of the first straight portion 101 is substantially constant, and the width W2 of the second straight portion 102 is also substantially constant. Therefore, the width of the hollow portion 42 arranged corresponding to the first straight portion 101 and the second straight portion 102 is also constant, and it is difficult for the adjacent light diffusion portions 41 to contact each other with the hollow portion 42 interposed therebetween. Can do.
  • the curved portion 41 r that is a portion facing the intersecting portion 103 in the light diffusing portion 41 has a rounded shape that protrudes toward the hollow portion 42. Therefore, the light incident on the reflection surface 41c along the curved portion 41r of the light diffusion portion 41 is reflected in a different direction from the light incident on the reflection surface 41c along the first straight line portion 101 and the second straight line portion 102.
  • light Lx1 incident on the reflective surface 41c along the first straight line portion 101 and the second straight line portion 102 from the negative side to the positive side of the x-axis is reflected by the reflective surface 41c.
  • the process proceeds in a direction parallel to the y-axis.
  • the light Lx2 incident on the reflection surface 41c along the curved portion 41r of the light diffusion portion 41 from the negative side to the positive side of the x axis is reflected by the reflection surface 41c and then travels in a direction parallel to the y axis.
  • the process proceeds in a direction inclined to the positive side of the x axis from the direction parallel to the y axis.
  • the light diffusibility can be enhanced by making the curved portion 41r of the light diffusion portion 41 into a rounded shape.
  • At least one intersection 103 is disposed in the pixel PX. Therefore, it is possible to reduce variations in luminance characteristics in each pixel PX, compared to the case where the intersection 103 is arranged only in some pixels PX.
  • At least one intersection 103 is arranged in a green G pixel having a relatively high visibility transmittance among the pixels PX.
  • the human eye has different sensitivity depending on the wavelength of light, and the wavelength of green light (495 nm to 570 nm) is relatively sensitive and appears bright.
  • the intersection 103 By arranging the intersection 103 in the green G pixel, the influence on the sensitivity of the human eye compared to the case where the intersection 103 is arranged in a pixel having a relatively low visibility transmittance among the pixels PX. Therefore, the effect of improving the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device can be enhanced.
  • one pixel PX of the liquid crystal panel 2 is composed of three sub-pixels of red (R), green (G), and blue (B).
  • the same number of units 103 are arranged in three subpixels. For this reason, it is possible to reduce variations in luminance characteristics in each sub-pixel as compared with a case where different numbers of intersections 103 are arranged in three sub-pixels.
  • the same number of intersections 103 are arranged in the first domain 50a and the second domain 50b. Therefore, it is possible to reduce variations in luminance characteristics in each domain, compared to a case where different numbers of intersections 103 are arranged in two domains.
  • the light control member 9 includes a sealing member 150 that covers the outer peripheral portion of the region where the light shielding layer 40 exists. Therefore, the light shielding layer 40 is not exposed to the outside, and the hollow portion 42 disposed corresponding to the light shielding layer 40 is not exposed to the outside. Therefore, it is possible to prevent water or the like from entering the hollow portion 42 from the outside. If a liquid such as water enters the hollow portion 42, the reflectance at the tapered inclined surface of the light diffusing portion 41 is lowered, and visibility may be impaired.
  • the sealing member 150 is disposed in a region other than the display region of the liquid crystal display device 1. Therefore, even when an observer views the display image of the liquid crystal display device 1, the sealing member 150 is not visually recognized in the display area of the liquid crystal display device 1. Accordingly, display quality can be maintained.
  • the sealing member 150 is formed of the same material as the light diffusion portion 41. Therefore, compared with the case where the sealing member 150 is formed of a material different from that of the light diffusion portion 41, it is not necessary to prepare a material dedicated to the sealing member 150, and the material cost can be reduced.
  • a sealing member 150 that has a second straight portion 102 and covers the outer periphery of the region where the light shielding layer 40 exists.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 is the absorption axis of the polarizing plate disposed on the side opposite to the base material 39 side (for example, the light incident end face 41b side of the light diffusion portion 41)
  • the light control member 9 used for reducing the viewing angle dependency of the liquid crystal display device 1 can be provided. Further, in the light control member 9, it is possible to prevent water or the like from entering the hollow portion 42 from the outside.
  • a second linear portion 102 having an intersection 103 that intersects the first linear portion 101, and the curved portion 41 r on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion 41 is a curved portion 103 r of the intersecting portion 103. Larger radius of curvature. Therefore, the light can be reflected in various directions by the reflecting surface formed on the curved portion 41r of the light diffusing portion 41, and the change in viewing angle characteristics can be smoothed.
  • the total length of all of the lengths of the straight edges 111 and 112 when viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 is the length of the curve edge 113. It is longer than the total length of all.
  • the azimuth distribution of the light diffusion intensity of the light control member 9 viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39 is two-fold symmetric.
  • the first straight portion 101 forms 33.7 ° with respect to the long side of the base material 39
  • the second straight portion 102 has 146.
  • the direction in which the light diffusion intensity is relatively increased in the light control member 9 (hereinafter referred to as “strong scattering direction”) is a direction V1 orthogonal to the first straight line portion 101 and the second straight line portion 102.
  • the direction V2 is orthogonal to the direction.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the azimuth distribution of the light diffusion intensity of the light control member 9 as viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39.
  • FIG. 22 shows an azimuth distribution of light diffusion intensity at a polar angle of 30 ° as an example.
  • the azimuth distribution of the light diffusion intensity of the light control member 9 viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39 is two-fold symmetric.
  • the light diffusion intensity of the light control member 9 viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 is as follows: azimuth angle 33.7 °, azimuth angle 146.3 °, azimuth angle 213.7 °, azimuth angle 326 at a polar angle of 30 °. Maximum value at 3 °.
  • the direction of the azimuth angle at these maximum values coincides with the strong scattering direction shown in FIG.
  • the intensity of the light diffusion intensity of the light control member 9 as viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 (intensity strength shown in FIG. 22, medium intensity weakness) will be described later (see FIG. 41).
  • FIG. 23 is a plan view of the light control member 209 of the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 23, the light control member 209 of this embodiment differs in the structure of a light shielding layer with respect to the light control member 9 of 1st Embodiment.
  • the light shielding layer 40 is formed in a lattice pattern as viewed from the normal direction of the first surface 39a of the base material 39.
  • the light control member 209 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of X-shaped light shielding layers 240 that are scattered on the first surface 39 a of the base material 39.
  • the plurality of light shielding layers 240 are randomly arranged as viewed from the normal direction of the first surface 39 a of the base material 39.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 240 viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 includes a first straight line portion 201 that extends linearly in one direction and a second straight line portion 202 that intersects the first straight line portion 201. And have. In the light shielding layer 240, an intersection 203 is formed at a portion where the first straight portion 201 and the second straight portion 202 intersect. The first straight line portion 201 and the second straight line portion 202 form an angle larger than 45 ° and smaller than 90 ° with respect to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules when viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39. .
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 240 viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39 is an X shape that is long in the x-axis direction.
  • the width W1 of the first straight line portion 201 is substantially constant, and the width W2 of the second straight line portion 202 is also substantially constant.
  • the width W1 of the first straight line portion 201 and the width W2 of the second straight line portion 202 are substantially equal to each other (W1 ⁇ W2).
  • a portion (corresponding to the curved portion 41r of the light diffusion portion shown in FIG. 8) of the light diffusion portion facing the intersection portion 203 has a rounded shape that protrudes toward the hollow portion.
  • the portion of the first straight portion 201 and the second straight portion 202 of the light shielding layer 240 that faces the intersecting portion 203 (corresponding to the intersecting curved portion 103r shown in FIG.
  • the curved portion on the light incident end face side of the light diffusion portion has a larger radius of curvature than the curved portion of the intersecting portion 203.
  • the curved portion on the light emission end face side of the light diffusing portion has a radius of curvature substantially equal to the curved portion of the intersecting portion 203. Therefore, the curved part on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing part has a larger radius of curvature than the curved part on the light emitting end face side of the light diffusing part.
  • a portion corresponding to the first straight portion 201 and the second straight portion 202 in the outer peripheral edge of the light shielding layer 240 is a straight edge (the straight edge 111 shown in FIG. 8). , 112), and a portion corresponding to the curved portion of the intersection 203 is defined as a curved edge (corresponding to the curved edge 113 shown in FIG. 8).
  • the total length of all the lengths of the straight edges is longer than the total length of all the lengths of the curved edges.
  • FIG. 24 is a plan view showing one light shielding layer 240 among the plurality of light shielding layers 240.
  • the length of the light shielding layer 240 in the left-right direction (hereinafter referred to as “left-right length”) is B1.
  • the length of the light shielding layer 240 in the vertical direction (hereinafter referred to as “vertical length”) is B2.
  • the light shielding layer 240 has an anisotropic shape in which the left-right length B1 and the vertical length B2 are different.
  • the ratio (B1 / B2) of the left and right length B1 to the vertical length B2 of the light shielding layer 240 is, for example, 1 or more and 3 or less.
  • the left and right length B1 of the light shielding layer 240 is, for example, 10 to 20 ⁇ m
  • the vertical length B2 of the light shielding layer 240 is, for example, 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the ratio of the horizontal length B1 to the vertical length B2 is different.
  • the left-right direction (direction along the left-right length B1) of all the light shielding layers 240 is arranged in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° direction.
  • FIG. 25 is a graph showing the relationship between human visual acuity and the size of an object that can be recognized by human eyes.
  • the size of the light shielding layer 240 in plan view should be reduced to some extent. The reason is that if the size of the light shielding layer 240 in plan view is too large, the light shielding layer 240 may be recognized as a dot when an observer views the display image of the liquid crystal display device.
  • the left and right length B1 of the light shielding layer 240 is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
  • a method for guiding the left and right length B1 of the light shielding layer 240 will be described.
  • a range AR1 above the curve C shown in FIG. 25 is a range in which an object can be recognized by human eyes.
  • the range AR2 below the curve C is a range in which an object cannot be recognized by human eyes.
  • This curve C is defined by equation (3) derived from the following equation.
  • the visual acuity ⁇ is derived from the following equation (1) when the minimum viewing angle is ⁇ (minutes).
  • the minimum viewing angle ⁇ is derived from the following equation (2), where V (mm) is the size of an object that can be recognized by the human eye, and W (m) is the distance from the human eye to the object.
  • V [ ⁇ W ⁇ 2 ⁇ / (360/60) ⁇ ⁇ 1000] / ⁇ (4)
  • the distance W from the human eye to the object is about 20 to 30 cm.
  • the distance W from the human eye to the object is 25 cm.
  • the minimum visual acuity for obtaining a driving license is 0.7.
  • the size V of the object that can be recognized by the human eye is 100 ⁇ m. If the size V of the object is 100 ⁇ m or less, it will be difficult to recognize the object with human eyes. That is, the left-right length B1 of the light shielding layer 240 is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less. Thereby, it is suppressed that the light shielding layer 240 is recognized as a dot on the display screen of the liquid crystal display device. In this case, the vertical length B2 of the light shielding layer 240 is set shorter than the left and right length B1 of the light shielding layer 240 and 100 ⁇ m or less.
  • 85V type Super Hi-Vision compatible display is about 103Pixel / Inch
  • 60V type is about 146Pixel / Inch.
  • the color filter is composed of three colors of R, G, and B
  • the pixel size is about 82 ⁇ m ⁇ 246 ⁇ m for the 85V type and 58 ⁇ m ⁇ 174 ⁇ m for the 60V type.
  • the size of the light shielding layer 240 is 40 ⁇ m or less, it is not visually recognized as a dot. However, when many light shielding layers 240 are arranged over a plurality of pixels, light emitted from different pixels is mixed, resulting in a decrease in resolution.
  • the left and right length B1 of the light shielding layer 240 is 1/3 to 1/2 with respect to the width of the pixel.
  • the left and right length B1 of the light shielding layer 240 is, for example, 19 ⁇ m or less.
  • the height t1 (see FIG. 6) of the light diffusion portion 41 is equal to or less than the widths W1 and W2 of the linear portions of the light shielding layer 240.
  • FIG. 26 is a plan view of the light shielding layer 240X of the comparative example.
  • FIG. 27 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the planar shape of the light shielding layer 240 of the second embodiment. 26 and 27, the light diffused from the x-axis direction toward the y-axis direction is denoted by a symbol Lx, and the light diffused from the y-axis direction toward the x-axis direction is denoted by a symbol Ly.
  • the light shielding layer 240X of the comparative example a light shielding layer having a diamond shape in plan view is considered.
  • the light incident on the light control member is reflected by the reflection surface of the light diffusing portion arranged corresponding to the four sides of the rhombus.
  • the reflection surfaces of the light diffusion portions are arranged at a total of four locations (two-dot chain line portions shown in FIG. 26).
  • the light incident on the light control member 209 is a light diffusion that is arranged corresponding to the first straight line portion 201 and the second straight line portion 202 of the light shielding layer 240. It is reflected by the reflection surface of the part. Focusing on the upper half with respect to the intersection 203 of the X-shaped light shielding layer 240, the reflection surface of the light diffusing portion includes two locations on the upper left side and the lower right side of the first linear portion 201, and the second straight line. It is arranged at a total of four locations (two-dot chain line portion shown in FIG. 27), two locations on the upper right side and lower left side of the portion 202.
  • the reflection surface of the light diffusing portion is also arranged in a total of four locations (not shown) in the lower half of the X-shaped light shielding layer 240. Therefore, the X-shaped light shielding layer 240 as a whole is a reflective surface of the light diffusing portion. Are arranged in a total of eight locations. Therefore, in the case of the X-shaped light shielding layer 240 of the present embodiment, the number of reflection surfaces of the light diffusion portion is larger than that in the case of the diamond-shaped light shielding layer 240X. If the layer 240X has the same area, the amount of light Lx incident from the x-axis direction and traveling in the y-axis direction can be increased. That is, if the same aperture ratio is used in the present embodiment and the comparative example, the present embodiment has higher light reflection performance than the comparative example.
  • the display screen is excellent in viewing angle characteristics by suppressing a change in gamma characteristics when the display screen is viewed obliquely in any orientation. An image can be realized.
  • FIGS. 28 to 31 are plan views showing light control members 209A, 209B, 209C, and 209D of the present modification. As shown in FIGS. 28 to 31, the light control members 209A, 209B, 209C, and 209D of the present modification are different from the light control member 209 of the second embodiment in the configuration of the light shielding layer.
  • the light control members 209A, 209B, 209C, and 209D of the present modification also have the width of the first straight line portion in the light shielding layer (the first line shown in FIG. 23), similarly to the light control member 209 of the second embodiment. (Corresponding to the width W1 of the straight line portion) is substantially constant, and the width of the second straight line portion (corresponding to the width W2 of the second straight line portion shown in FIG. 23) is also substantially constant. The width of the first straight line portion and the width of the second straight line portion are substantially equal to each other.
  • a portion (corresponding to the curved portion 41r of the light diffusion portion shown in FIG.
  • the portion of the light shielding layer that faces the intersection (corresponding to the curved portion 103r of the intersection shown in FIG. 8) of the first straight portion and the second straight portion is rounded toward the light diffusion portion.
  • the curved portion on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion has a larger radius of curvature than the curved portion at the intersection.
  • the curved portion on the light emission end face side of the light diffusion portion has a radius of curvature that is substantially equal to the curved portion of the intersection.
  • the curved part on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing part has a larger radius of curvature than the curved part on the light emitting end face side of the light diffusing part.
  • portions corresponding to the first straight portion and the second straight portion of the outer peripheral edge of the light shielding layer are straight edges (corresponding to the straight edges 111 and 112 shown in FIG. 8).
  • a portion corresponding to the curved portion of the intersection is defined as a curved edge (corresponding to the curved edge 113 shown in FIG. 8).
  • the total length of all the straight edge lengths is longer than the total length of all the curved edge lengths.
  • the ratio of the left and right length B1 to the vertical length B2 is substantially equal in all the light shielding layers 240.
  • the light control member 209A of the first modified example of the second embodiment includes a light shielding layer 240A having a different ratio of the left and right length B1 to the vertical length B2. . It is desirable that the ratio of the left and right length B1 to the vertical length B2 is different within a range of 1 or more and 3 or less.
  • the left and right directions of all the light shielding layers 240 are arranged in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 °.
  • the left-right direction of a part of the plurality of light shielding layers 240B is the other light shielding.
  • the direction is different from the horizontal direction of the layer 240B.
  • the left-right direction of some of the light shielding layers 240B is deviated from the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 °.
  • all the light shielding layers 240 are scattered on the base material 39.
  • a part of the light shielding layers 240C among the plurality of light shielding layers 240C is one of the other light shielding layers 240C. Connected to the department.
  • the planar shape of all the light shielding layers 240 was X-shaped.
  • the planar shape of a part of the plurality of light shielding layers 240D is circular or elliptical. It is. In addition to circular and elliptical shapes, for example, other planar light shielding layers such as hexagons may be mixed.
  • FIGS. 32 and 33 a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 32 and 33.
  • the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the configuration of the light shielding layer in the light control member is different from that of the first embodiment. Therefore, in this embodiment, the description of the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device is omitted, and the light control member is described.
  • FIG. 32 is a plan view of the light control member 309 of the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 33 is a plan view showing a non-forming portion 304 of the light shielding layer 340 of the third embodiment.
  • the light control member 309 of this embodiment differs in the structure of a light shielding layer with respect to the light control member 9 of 1st Embodiment.
  • the width of the first straight portion 301 in the light shielding layer 340 (the width of the first straight portion shown in FIG. 8) is the same as that of the light control member 9 of the first embodiment. (Corresponding to W1) is substantially constant, and the width of the second straight line portion 302 (corresponding to the width W2 of the second straight line portion shown in FIG. 8) is also substantially constant.
  • the width of the first straight line portion 301 and the width of the second straight line portion 302 are substantially equal to each other.
  • a portion (corresponding to the curved portion 41r of the light diffusing portion shown in FIG. 8) of the light diffusing portion 341 facing the intersecting portion 303 has a rounded shape that protrudes toward the hollow portion 42.
  • a portion of the first straight portion 301 and the second straight portion 302 of the light shielding layer 340 that faces the intersecting portion 303 is directed toward the light diffusion portion 341. It has a concave rounded shape.
  • the curved portion on the light incident end face side of the light diffusion portion 341 has a larger radius of curvature than the curved portion of the intersecting portion 303.
  • the curved portion on the light emission end face side of the light diffusing portion 341 has a radius of curvature substantially equal to the curved portion of the intersecting portion 303.
  • the curved portion on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion 341 has a larger radius of curvature than the curved portion on the light exit end face side of the light diffusing portion 341.
  • portions corresponding to the first straight portion 301 and the second straight portion 302 in the outer peripheral edge of the light shielding layer 340 are straight edges (the straight edges 111 shown in FIG. 8). , 112), and a portion corresponding to the curved portion of the intersecting portion 303 is defined as a curved edge (corresponding to the curved edge 113 shown in FIG. 8).
  • the total length of all the lengths of the straight edges is longer than the total length of all the lengths of the curved edges.
  • the light shielding layer 40 is formed continuously without the first straight portion 101 and the second straight portion 102 being interrupted.
  • the non-forming part 304 in which the light shielding layer 340 is not formed on at least a part of the first straight part 301 and the second straight part 302. Is provided.
  • a plurality of non-forming portions 304 are randomly arranged as viewed from the normal direction of the first surface 39a of the base 39.
  • the non-forming portion 304 is at least one of the first straight portion 301, the second straight portion 302, and the intersecting portion 303 in the light shielding layer 340 when viewed from the normal direction of the first surface 39 a of the base material 39.
  • the department Provided in the department.
  • a portion 341r facing the non-forming portion 304 of the light diffusing portion 341 (hereinafter referred to as “curved portion of the light diffusing portion”) has a rounded shape that is concave toward the hollow portion 42.
  • a portion 304 r (hereinafter referred to as “curved portion of the non-formed portion”) of the light shielding layer 340 facing the non-formed portion 304 among the first straight portion 301 and the second straight portion 302 is directed toward the light diffusion portion 341. And has a rounded and convex shape.
  • the curved portion 341r on the light incident end face side of the light diffusion portion 341 has a larger radius of curvature than the curved portion 304r of the non-forming portion 304.
  • the curved portion 341r on the light emission end face side of the light diffusing portion 341 has a radius of curvature substantially equal to the curved portion 304r of the non-forming portion 304. Therefore, the curved portion 341r on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion 341 has a larger radius of curvature than the curved portion 341r on the light exit end face side of the light diffusing portion 341.
  • the portions corresponding to the first straight portion 301 and the second straight portion 302 are defined as straight edges 311, 312, and the non-forming portion 304.
  • a portion corresponding to the curved portion 304r is defined as a curved edge 314.
  • the total length of all the straight edges 311, 312 is added to be longer than the total length of all the curved edges 314.
  • the curved edge 314 of the present embodiment corresponds to the curved edge in the claims.
  • the curved portion 341 r that is a portion facing the non-forming portion 304 of the light diffusing portion 341 has a rounded shape that is concave toward the hollow portion 42. Therefore, the light incident on the reflection surface along the curved portion 341r of the light diffusion portion 341 is reflected in a direction different from the light incident on the reflection surfaces along the first straight line portion 301 and the second straight line portion 302. For example, as shown in FIG. 33, the light Lx1 incident on the reflecting surface along the second straight line portion 302 from the negative side to the positive side of the x-axis is reflected by the reflecting surface and then parallel to the y-axis.
  • the light Lx3 incident on the reflecting surface along the curved portion 341r of the light diffusing unit 341 from the negative side to the positive side of the x axis is reflected by the reflecting surface and does not travel in the direction parallel to the y axis.
  • the process proceeds in a direction inclined to the positive side of the x axis from the direction parallel to the y axis and a direction inclined to the negative side of the x axis from the direction parallel to the y axis.
  • FIG. 34 is a plan view of the light control member 409 of the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 34, the light control member 409 of this embodiment differs in the structure of a light shielding layer with respect to the light control member 309 of 3rd Embodiment.
  • the width of the first straight portion 401 in the light shielding layer 440 (the width of the first straight portion shown in FIG. 8). (Corresponding to W1) is substantially constant, and the width of the second straight line portion 402 (corresponding to the width W2 of the second straight line portion shown in FIG. 8) is also substantially constant.
  • the width of the first straight line portion 401 and the width of the second straight line portion 402 are substantially equal to each other.
  • a portion (corresponding to the curved portion 41r of the light diffusing portion shown in FIG. 8) of the light diffusing portion 441 facing the intersection 403 has a rounded shape that protrudes toward the hollow portion 42. .
  • a portion of the first straight portion 401 and the second straight portion 402 of the light shielding layer 440 that faces the intersecting portion 403 is directed toward the light diffusion portion 441. It has a concave rounded shape.
  • the curved portion on the light incident end face side of the light diffusion portion 441 has a larger radius of curvature than the curved portion of the intersecting portion 403.
  • the curved portion on the light emission end face side of the light diffusion portion 441 has a radius of curvature substantially equal to the curved portion of the intersecting portion 403.
  • the curved portion on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion 441 has a larger radius of curvature than the curved portion on the light exit end face side of the light diffusing portion 441.
  • a portion corresponding to the first straight portion 401 and the second straight portion 402 in the outer peripheral edge of the light shielding layer 440 is a straight edge (the straight edge 111 shown in FIG. 8). , 112), and a portion corresponding to the curved portion of the intersection 403 is defined as a curved edge (corresponding to the curved edge 113 shown in FIG. 8).
  • the total length of all the lengths of the straight edges is longer than the total length of all the lengths of the curved edges.
  • a portion corresponding to the first straight portion 401 and the second straight portion 402 in the outer peripheral edge of the light shielding layer 440 is defined as a straight edge (a straight edge 311 shown in FIG. 32). , 312), and a portion corresponding to the curved portion of the non-forming portion 404 is a curved edge (corresponding to the curved edge 314 shown in FIG. 33).
  • the total length of all the lengths of the straight edges is longer than the total length of all the lengths of the curved edges.
  • a plurality of non-formed portions 304 are randomly arranged as viewed from the normal direction of the first surface 39a of the base 39.
  • at least one non-forming part 404 is arranged in the pixel PX.
  • the non-forming portion 404 of the present embodiment is arranged in a plurality in a random manner when viewed from the normal direction of the first surface 39a of the base material 39, and in addition, the first straight portion 401 and the first linear portion 401 in the light shielding layer 440 are arranged.
  • the two straight portions 402 and the intersecting portion 403 are all provided.
  • At least one non-forming part 404 is arranged in the pixel PX. Therefore, it is possible to reduce variation in luminance characteristics in each pixel PX, compared to the case where the non-formation part 404 is arranged only in some pixels PX.
  • FIG. 35 is a plan view of a light control member 509 according to the fifth embodiment.
  • FIG. 36 is a plan view showing a bent portion 505 of the light shielding layer 540 of the fifth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 35, the light control member 509 of the present embodiment is different from the light control member 9 of the first embodiment in the configuration of the light shielding layer.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 includes the first straight portion 101 and the second straight portion 102 that are linear.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 540 has a polygonal line shape having a bent portion 505 at least partially.
  • a plurality of the bent portions 505 are randomly arranged as viewed from the normal direction of the first surface 39a of the base 39. That is, the bent portion 505 is irregularly provided on at least a part of the light shielding layer 540 when viewed from the normal direction of the first surface 39 a of the base material 39. At least one bent portion 505 is disposed in the pixel PX.
  • a portion 541v of the light diffusion portion 541 facing the bent portion 505 has a polygonal line shape along the bent portion 505 of the light shielding layer 540.
  • the bent part 541v of the light diffusion part 541 has a polygonal line shape that is concave toward the hollow part 42 and a polygonal line shape that is convex toward the hollow part 42.
  • the bent portion 505 of the light shielding layer 540 has a polygonal line shape that is convex toward the light diffusion portion 541 and a polygonal line shape that is concave toward the light diffusion portion 541.
  • the bent portion 541v on the light incident end face side of the light diffusion portion 541 has a larger radius of curvature than the bent portion 505 of the light shielding layer 540.
  • the bent portion 541v on the light emission end face side of the light diffusion portion 541 has a radius of curvature substantially equal to the bent portion 505 of the light shielding layer 540. Therefore, the bent portion 541v on the light incident end face side of the light diffusion portion 541 has a larger radius of curvature than the bent portion 541v on the light emission end face side of the light diffusion portion 541.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 540 has a polygonal line shape having a bent portion 505 at least partially.
  • the bent portion 541v of the light diffusion portion 541 has a polygonal line shape along the bent portion 505 of the light shielding layer 540. Therefore, the light incident on the reflection surface of the light diffusion portion 541 is reflected in different directions depending on the degree of bending of the reflection surface. For example, as shown in FIG. 36, the light Lx4 incident on the reflecting surface of the light diffusing unit 541 from the negative side to the positive side of the x axis is reflected by the reflecting surface and then travels in a direction parallel to the y axis.
  • the reflection surface having a different degree of bending does not advance in the direction parallel to the y-axis, but proceeds in a direction inclined more to the negative side of the x-axis than the direction parallel to the y-axis.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 540 into a polygonal line shape, the light diffusibility can be enhanced, and the effect of improving the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device can be enhanced.
  • At least one bent portion 505 is disposed in the pixel PX. Therefore, it is possible to reduce variations in luminance characteristics in each pixel PX, compared to the case where the bent portion 505 is arranged only in some pixels PX.
  • FIG. 37 is a plan view of a light control member 609 according to the sixth embodiment.
  • FIG. 38 is a plan view showing the bent portion 605 and the non-formed portion 604 of the light shielding layer 640 of the sixth embodiment.
  • the light control member 609 of this embodiment differs in the structure of the light shielding layer from the light control member 9 of the fifth embodiment.
  • the bent portion 641v on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion 641 is more than the bent portion 605 of the light shielding layer 640, similarly to the light control member 509 of the fifth embodiment.
  • the bent portion 641v on the light emission end face side of the light diffusing portion 641 has a radius of curvature substantially equal to the bent portion 605 of the light shielding layer 640. Therefore, the bent portion 641v on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion 641 has a larger radius of curvature than the bent portion 641v on the light exit end face side of the light diffusing portion 641.
  • the light shielding layer 540 is continuously formed without interruption.
  • the non-forming part 604 in which the light shielding layer 640 is not formed is provided in at least a part of the light shielding layer 640.
  • a plurality of non-formed portions 604 are randomly arranged as viewed from the normal direction of the first surface 39 a of the base material 39.
  • a portion 641r facing the non-forming portion 604 of the light diffusion portion 641 has a rounded shape that is concave toward the hollow portion.
  • Have A portion 604r of the light shielding layer 640 facing the non-forming portion 604 has a rounded shape that is convex toward the light diffusion portion 641.
  • the curved portion 641r on the light incident end face side of the light diffusion portion 641 has a larger radius of curvature than the curved portion 604r of the non-forming portion 604.
  • the curved portion 641r on the light emission end face side of the light diffusing portion 641 has a radius of curvature substantially equal to the curved portion 604r of the non-forming portion 604. Therefore, the curved portion 641r on the light incident end face side of the light diffusing portion 641 has a larger radius of curvature than the curved portion 641r on the light exit end face side of the light diffusing portion 641.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 640 has a polygonal line shape having a bent portion 605 at least partially.
  • the bent portion 641v of the light diffusion portion 641 has a polygonal line shape along the bent portion 605 of the light shielding layer 640. Therefore, the light incident on the reflection surface of the light diffusing unit 641 is reflected in different directions depending on the degree of bending of the reflection surface. For example, as shown in FIG. 38, the light Lx4 incident on the reflecting surface of the light diffusing unit 641 from the negative side to the positive side of the x axis is reflected by the reflecting surface and then travels in a direction parallel to the y axis.
  • the reflection surface having a different degree of bending does not advance in the direction parallel to the y-axis, but proceeds in a direction inclined more to the negative side of the x-axis than the direction parallel to the y-axis.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 640 into a polygonal line shape, the light diffusibility can be enhanced, and the effect of improving the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device can be enhanced.
  • the curved portion 641r that is the portion facing the non-forming portion 604 in the light diffusion portion 641 has a rounded shape that is concave toward the hollow portion. Therefore, the light incident on the reflection surface along the curved portion 641r of the light diffusion portion 641 is reflected in a direction different from the light incident on the reflection surface along the straight line portion. For example, as shown in FIG. 38, the light Lx1 incident on the reflecting surface along the straight portion from the negative side of the x axis toward the positive side is reflected by the reflecting surface and then travels in a direction parallel to the y axis.
  • the light Lx3 incident on the reflecting surface along the curved portion 641r of the light diffusing unit 641 from the negative side to the positive side of the x axis is reflected by the reflecting surface and does not travel in the direction parallel to the y axis.
  • the process proceeds in a direction inclined to the positive side of the x axis from the direction parallel to the y axis and a direction inclined to the negative side of the x axis from the direction parallel to the y axis.
  • a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 39 to 43.
  • the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the configuration of the light shielding layer in the light control member is different from that of the first embodiment. Therefore, in this embodiment, the description of the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device is omitted, and the light control member is described.
  • FIG. 39 is a plan view of a light control member 709 according to the seventh embodiment.
  • the light control member 709 of this embodiment differs in the structure of a light shielding layer with respect to the light control member 9 of 1st Embodiment.
  • a sealing member that covers the outer periphery of the region where the light shielding layer 740 exists (the seal shown in FIG. 7). Equivalent to the stop member 150).
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 is formed in a lattice pattern having a first straight portion 101 and a second straight portion 102.
  • the light control member 709 of the present embodiment has a plurality of first straight portions 701 in which the planar shape of the light shielding layer 740 extends linearly in parallel with each other.
  • the first straight line portion 701 is a portion having a certain width in the light shielding layer 740.
  • the width W1 of the first straight portion 701 is substantially constant.
  • the interval Wa between two adjacent first linear portions 701 is random.
  • the first straight line portion 701 When viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39, the first straight line portion 701 forms an angle larger than 45 ° and smaller than 90 ° with respect to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules. Since the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 and the absorption axes P1 and P2 of the first polarizing plate 3 and the second polarizing plate 7 form an angle of 45 °, the first straight line is formed in the light shielding layer 740 of the light control member 709. An angle J1 formed by the portion 701 and the absorption axis P2 of the second polarizing plate 7 has an angle larger than 45 °.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 740 viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 has the first linear portion 701 that forms an angle larger than 45 ° with respect to the absorption axis P2 of the second polarizing plate 7. is doing.
  • the planar shape of the light diffusion portion 741 viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39 is also at an angle larger than 45 ° with respect to the absorption axis P2 of the second polarizing plate 7.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 740 includes a plurality of first linear portions 701 extending linearly in parallel with each other, and thus the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 is the first linear portion.
  • the pattern of the light shielding layer 740 is simple as compared with the case where it is formed in a lattice pattern having 101 and the second straight portion 102. Therefore, the pattern of the light shielding layer 740 can be easily produced by a method such as printing.
  • the azimuth distribution of the light diffusion intensity of the light control member 709 viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 is two-fold symmetric.
  • the first straight portion 701 forms 33.7 ° with respect to the long side of the substrate 39 as shown in FIG. That is, consider a case where the first straight line portion 701 forms 33.7 ° with respect to the direction perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51.
  • the direction in which the light diffusion intensity is relatively increased in the light control member 709 (hereinafter referred to as “strong scattering direction”) is a direction V 1 orthogonal to the first straight line portion 701.
  • FIG. 41 is a diagram for explaining a method for measuring the strong scattering direction of the light control member 709, and includes a cross section taken along line A1-A1 of FIG.
  • FIG. 42 is a graph showing the relationship between the azimuth angle and the light reception intensity at a light reception angle of 30 °.
  • the horizontal axis represents the azimuth angle (°)
  • the vertical axis represents the received light intensity.
  • the normal line of the base material 39 in the light control member 709 is ⁇ 11 .
  • the light source 731 irradiates the light control member 709 with the parallel light LA.
  • an angle (light projection angle) between the normal ⁇ 11 and the parallel light LA is ⁇ 11 .
  • the parallel light LA that has entered the light control member 709 (light diffusion unit 741) is scattered by the light control member 709, and reflected light LB on the side opposite to the incident side of the parallel light LA with respect to the light control member 709. A part is emitted and received by the light receiver 732.
  • the angle (light receiving angle) of the normal alpha 11 and the reflected light LB to beta 12.
  • the intensity of the light received by the light receiver 732 is defined as the received light intensity.
  • the intensity of the parallel light LA emitted from the light source 731, the light projection angle ⁇ 11, and the light reception angle ⁇ 12 of the reflected light LB received by the light receiver 732 are fixed, and the light control member 709 is changed to the normal ⁇
  • the direction in which the received light intensity is relatively strong is the strong scattering direction
  • the direction in which the received light intensity is relatively weak is the weak scattering direction.
  • the light control member 709 is an anisotropic light control member having a strong scattering direction and a weak scattering direction when viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39.
  • the direction in which the light receiver 732 receives the reflected light LB (light receiving direction) is arranged on the same plane (on the same A1-A1 cross section).
  • FIG. 43 is a diagram illustrating the azimuth distribution of the light diffusion intensity of the light control member 709 viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39.
  • FIG. 43 shows an azimuth distribution of light diffusion intensity at a polar angle of 30 ° as an example.
  • the azimuth distribution of the light diffusion intensity of the light control member 709 viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39 is two-fold symmetric.
  • the light diffusion intensity of the light control member 709 viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 is maximum at an azimuth angle of 146.3 ° and an azimuth angle of 326.3 ° at a polar angle of 30 °.
  • the direction of the azimuth angle at these maximum values coincides with the direction V1 shown in FIG. 40 and the strong scattering direction shown in FIG.
  • the light reception intensity in the strong scattering direction shown in FIG. Light intensity is weak
  • the received light intensity in the middle between the strong scattering direction and the weak scattering direction is the light intensity.
  • the angle J2 formed by the first linear portion 701A and the absorption axis P2 of the second polarizing plate 7 is less than 45 °. It may be an angle.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 740A viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39 has the first straight portion 701A that forms an angle of less than 45 ° with the absorption axis P2 of the second polarizing plate 7. Also good.
  • the planar shape of the light diffusion portion 741 ⁇ / b> A viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39 also forms an angle of less than 45 ° with the absorption axis P ⁇ b> 2 of the second polarizing plate 7.
  • FIG. 7 The basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the present modification is the same as that of the seventh embodiment, and the configuration of the light shielding layer in the light control member is different from that of the seventh embodiment. Therefore, in this modification, the description of the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device is omitted, and the light control member will be described.
  • FIGS. 45 to 47 are plan views showing light control members 709B, 709C, and 709D of the present modification. As shown in FIGS. 45 to 47, the light control members 709B, 709C, and 709D of the present modification are different from the light control member 709 of the seventh embodiment in the configuration of the light shielding layer.
  • the light control members 709B, 709C, and 709D of this modification also have the width of the first straight line portion in the light shielding layer (the first straight line portion shown in FIG. 39), similarly to the light control member 709 of the seventh embodiment. (Corresponding to the width W1) is substantially constant.
  • the interval between two adjacent first linear portions in the light shielding layer (corresponding to the interval Wa between the two adjacent first linear portions shown in FIG. 39) is random.
  • a portion corresponding to the first straight portion of the outer peripheral edge of the light shielding layer is defined as a straight edge (corresponding to the straight edge 311 shown in FIG. 32), and the non-forming portion 704 is formed.
  • a portion corresponding to the curved portion is defined as a curved edge (corresponding to the curved edge 314 shown in FIG. 33).
  • the total length of all the lengths of the straight edges is longer than the total length of all the lengths of the curved edges.
  • the light shielding layer 740 is formed continuously without the first straight portion 701 being interrupted.
  • the non-forming portion 704 in which the light shielding layer 740B is not formed on at least a part of the first linear portion 701B. Is provided.
  • a plurality of non-forming portions 704 are randomly arranged as viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39.
  • the light diffusion portion 741B is connected in the non-forming portion 704.
  • the light diffusion portion 741 is disposed between all the two first linear portions 701 adjacent to each other in the light shielding layer 740.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 740C is a connection that connects two adjacent first linear portions 701C. Part 706. That is, a non-formation region where the light diffusion unit 741C is not formed is provided in at least a part of the light diffusion unit 741C, and the connecting portion 706 is disposed in this non-formation region.
  • a non-forming portion 704 in which the light shielding layer 740D is not formed is provided in at least a part of the first linear portion 701D.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 740D has a connecting portion 706 that connects two adjacent first linear portions 701D.
  • FIGS. 48 and 49 are sectional views of light control members 809A and 809B of the eighth embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 48 and 49, the light control members 809A and 809B of the present embodiment are different from the light control member 9 of the first embodiment in the configuration of the reflection surfaces 841Ac and 841Bc of the light diffusion portions 841A and 841B. .
  • the inclination angle of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is constant.
  • the inclination angles of the reflection surfaces 841Ac and 841Bc of the light diffusion portions 841A and 841B continuously change.
  • the cross-sectional shapes of the reflection surfaces 841Ac and 841Bc of the light diffusion portions 841A and 841B are curved inclined surfaces.
  • the reflection surface 841Ac of the light diffusion portion 841A is curved toward the hollow portion 842A, and the portion of the hollow portion 842A on the reflection surface 841Ac side is concave.
  • the reflection surface 841Bc of the light diffusion portion 841B is curved toward the hollow portion 842B, and the portion of the hollow portion 842B on the reflection surface 841Bc side is convex.
  • FIG. FIG. 50 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the inclination angle of the reflection surface of the light diffusion portion and the area ratio when the distribution of the inclination angle of the reflection surface of the light diffusion portion is the same between the first reflection surface and the second reflection surface. It is.
  • FIG. 51 is a diagram showing the relationship between the inclination angle of the reflection surface of the light diffusion portion and the area ratio when the distribution of the inclination angle of the reflection surface of the light diffusion portion is different between the first reflection surface and the second reflection surface. It is.
  • the horizontal axis represents the inclination angle of the reflection surface of the light diffusion portion.
  • the vertical axis represents the area ratio of the reflection surface of the light diffusion portion.
  • the area ratio is the ratio of the area of a portion having a certain inclination angle to the area of the entire reflection surface when the reflection surface of the light diffusion portion is viewed from the side.
  • the inclination angle is an angle formed by a tangent line at a predetermined position of the curved portion of the reflection surface and the light incident end surface of the light diffusion portion.
  • the tilt angle ⁇ 1 of the first reflecting surface is larger than the tilt angle ⁇ 2 of the second reflecting surface will be described.
  • the inclination angle of the reflection surface of the light diffusing portion has a width in the angle distribution around the main inclination angle.
  • the distribution of the inclination angle of the reflection surface of the light diffusing section may be the same distribution for the inclination angle ⁇ 1 of the first reflection surface and the inclination angle ⁇ 2 of the second reflection surface.
  • different inclination distributions may be used for the inclination angle ⁇ 1 of the first reflecting surface and the inclination angle ⁇ 2 of the second reflecting surface.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ 1 of the first reflecting surface contributes more to the symmetry of the luminance distribution than the inclination angle ⁇ 2 of the second reflecting surface. Therefore, in order to improve the symmetry of the luminance distribution, the distribution of the inclination angle ⁇ 1 of the first reflecting surface is preferably narrow.
  • the ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
  • the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is the same as that of the eighth embodiment, and the configuration of the reflection surface of the light diffusion portion in the light control member is different from that of the eighth embodiment. Therefore, in this embodiment, description of the basic structure of a liquid crystal display device is abbreviate
  • FIGS. 52 and 53 are cross-sectional views of the light control members 909A and 909B of this embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 52 and 53, the light control members 909A and 909B of the present embodiment are different from the light control members 809A and 809B of the eighth embodiment in the configuration of the reflection surface of the light diffusion portion.
  • the inclination angles of the reflection surfaces of the light diffusion portions 841A and 841B continuously change, and the cross sections of the reflection surfaces of the light diffusion portions 841A and 841B
  • the shape was a curved inclined surface.
  • the reflecting surfaces 941Ac and 941Bc of the light diffusion portions 941A and 941B have a plurality of different inclination angles.
  • the cross-sectional shapes of the reflection surfaces 941Ac and 941Bc of the light diffusion portions 941A and 941B are polygonal inclined surfaces.
  • the reflection surface 941Ac of the light diffusion portion 941A has three inclined surfaces with different inclination angles, and the portion of the hollow portion 942A on the reflection surface 941Ac side is concave.
  • the reflection surface 941Bc of the light diffusion portion 941B has three inclined surfaces having different inclination angles, and the portion of the hollow portion 942B on the reflection surface 941Bc side is convex.
  • FIG. 54 is an exploded perspective view of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment.
  • the light shielding layers 240 are randomly arranged in the plane, and the density of the light shielding layers 240 is not different depending on the location.
  • the light shielding layer 1040 has a high density directly above the black matrix 30 of the liquid crystal panel 2 and a low density directly above the color filter 31. It is arranged to be.
  • illustration of individual light shielding layers is omitted.
  • the light control member 1009 when the light control member 1009 is present, the light control member 1009 is absent.
  • the amount of light transmitted in the front direction (azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 °, polar angle ⁇ : 0 ° direction) is smaller. This tendency becomes more prominent as more light shielding layers 1040 are arranged.
  • the light shielding layer 1040 is disposed in a region where light traveling in the vertical direction is absorbed by the black matrix 30 from the beginning, the amount of light in the front direction is not reduced.
  • the light that is transmitted obliquely through the color filter 31 and is incident on the light control member 1009 immediately above the black matrix 30 is reflected by the reflection surface of the light diffusing portion immediately below the light shielding layer 1040.
  • by increasing the light shielding layer 1040 immediately above the black matrix 30 light diffusibility can be enhanced without reducing the amount of light in the front direction, and the effect of improving the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device can be enhanced.
  • FIG. 55 is a perspective view showing another example of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment.
  • the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is disturbed, and the display image when viewed through the polarizing plate is locally darkened linearly. Therefore, in addition to the black matrix 30, by increasing the light shielding layer 1040 immediately above the domain boundary G, the light diffusibility is improved without reducing the amount of light in the front direction, and the effect of improving the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device is enhanced. be able to.
  • any of the methods in order to align the high density area of the light shielding layer 1040 with the position of the black matrix 30 or the domain boundary G, it is necessary to align the positions of the liquid crystal panel 2 and the light diffusion member 1009 and bond them together.
  • a marker 1032 for alignment is formed on the liquid crystal panel 2
  • a marker 1034 for alignment is formed on the light control member 1009
  • the positions of the corresponding markers 1032 and 1034 are
  • the liquid crystal panel 2 and the light control member 1009 may be bonded together while confirming with a camera so as to match.
  • the alignment marker 1034 in the light control member 1009 is provided in the outer peripheral portion of the region where the sealing member 150 is arranged, that is, the region where the light shielding layer 40 exists, as in the light control member 9 shown in FIG. It may be done.
  • the eleventh embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
  • the basic configuration of the light control member of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the configuration of the backlight is different from that of the first embodiment. Therefore, in this embodiment, description of a liquid crystal panel and a light control member is abbreviate
  • the light control member 9 of the first embodiment preferentially mixes light emitted from the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0-180 ° direction of the liquid crystal panel 2 with light emitted from the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90-270 ° direction. It has a function to make it. Therefore, as the amount of light originally emitted from the backlight in the direction of azimuth ⁇ : 0 to 180 ° increases, the amount of light reflected in the direction of azimuth ⁇ : 90 to 270 ° increases. As a result, the effect of improving the viewing angle characteristic with respect to the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90-270 ° direction is increased.
  • the amount of light emitted in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0-180 ° direction which is the azimuth of the liquid crystal panel excellent in viewing angle characteristics, is emitted in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90-270 ° direction. It is desirable to have more light than the amount of light.
  • the backlight 1108 shown in FIG. 57 has a characteristic that the amount of light emitted in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0-180 ° direction is larger than the amount of light emitted in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90-270 ° direction.
  • the backlight 1108 has a structure for increasing the amount of light emitted in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 to 180 ° more than the amount of light emitted in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 to 270 °. I have.
  • the backlight 1108 is configured so that the amount of light emitted in a direction perpendicular to the director direction D of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is parallel to the director direction D of the liquid crystal molecules 51 when viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39. More than the amount of light emitted in the direction.
  • the backlight 1108 includes a light guide 1137, a light source 36, and a prism sheet 1190.
  • the light source 36 is the same as the backlight 8 of the first embodiment.
  • the prism sheet 1190 is cut as a structure on a surface facing the light guide 1137 on a plane (yz plane) perpendicular to the end surface 1137c of the light guide 1137 and perpendicular to the light exit surface 1137b of the light guide 1137.
  • the cross section is triangular, and includes a plurality of convex portions 1190S extending in a direction parallel to the end surface 1137c.
  • the prism sheet 1190 is called a so-called turning lens sheet.
  • FIG. 58 is a diagram showing the relationship between the polar angle and the luminance of the backlight in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° direction and the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction of the liquid crystal display device.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the polar angle (°)
  • the vertical axis indicates the luminance.
  • a curve Ux shows the luminance characteristics in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 °
  • a curve Uy shows the luminance characteristics in the direction of azimuth angle 90 ° -270 °.
  • the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is 90 ° -270 ° as shown in FIG.
  • the curve Ux and the curve Uy have a two-fold symmetrical shape. Specifically, in the azimuth angle direction viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39, among a plurality of luminance curves indicating the luminance distribution of light emitted from the backlight 1108, at least parallel to the director direction D of the liquid crystal molecules 51.
  • a curve Uy (first luminance curve) indicating the luminance distribution of light emitted in a specific direction
  • a curve Ux (second luminance) indicating the luminance distribution of light emitted in a direction perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51.
  • Brightness curve has a two-fold symmetrical shape.
  • the backlight 1108 of the present embodiment since the amount of light emitted in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 to 180 ° is relatively large, the viewing angle characteristics of the light control member The improvement effect can be further enhanced.
  • FIG. 59 is a cross-sectional view showing a backlight 1108A of another example of the eleventh embodiment.
  • the basic configuration of the backlight 1108A illustrated in FIG. 59 is the same as that of the above-described backlight 1108, and the configuration of the prism sheet in the backlight is different from that of the above-described backlight 1108. Therefore, in the following, description of the basic configuration of the backlight will be omitted, and the prism sheet will be described.
  • the prism sheet 1190 has a structure, as shown in FIG. 57, on the surface facing the light guide 1137, perpendicular to the end surface 1137c of the light guide 1137, and the light guide 1137.
  • the cross section cut by a plane (yz plane) perpendicular to the light exit surface 1137b is triangular, and has a plurality of convex portions 1190S extending in a direction parallel to the end surface 1137c.
  • the prism sheet 1190A is a plane that is perpendicular to the end surface 1137c of the light guide 1137 and perpendicular to the light exit surface 1137b of the light guide 1137 (yz plane).
  • the cross-section cut in FIG. 3 is triangular and extends in a direction parallel to the end face 1137c, and faces the liquid crystal panel 2 (see FIG. 1) and faces the opposite side (opposite to the protruding direction of the protrusion 1190S).
  • a plurality of convex portions 1190AS are provided.
  • a 3M BEF sheet (trade name) is used as the prism sheet 1190A.
  • the amount of light emitted in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 to 180 ° is relatively large, so that the effect of improving the viewing angle characteristics by the light control member is further enhanced. be able to.
  • the light incident end surface 41b of the light diffusing portion 41 is larger than the light emitting end surface 41a.
  • the light diffusing part 41 has a larger area of the light incident end face 41b than the area of the light emitting end face 41a.
  • the light diffusion part 1241 in which the area of the light incident end face 1241b is smaller than the area of the light exit end face 1241a is partially mixed.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ c of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is smaller than 90 °
  • the inclination angle ⁇ c ′ of the reflection surface 1241c of the light diffusion portion 1241 is larger than 90 °. Due to the difference in configuration, the function of the light diffusing unit 41 and the function of the light diffusing unit 1241 are different.
  • the light is incident on the reflection surface 1241c of the light diffusing unit 1241, the light is reflected in a direction in which the angle of the light beam becomes smaller with respect to the normal direction of the base material 39, and a part of the light is in the normal direction (front direction) of the liquid crystal display device. ) Is injected.
  • the difference in viewing angle characteristics between the front direction and the oblique direction is alleviated.
  • the viewing angle characteristic in the oblique direction is improved when the image adjustment in the front direction is performed.
  • the difference in viewing angle characteristics between the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0-180 ° direction and the ⁇ : 90-270 ° direction similar to the first embodiment is alleviated.
  • the effect of alleviating the difference in viewing angle characteristics between the normal direction of the liquid crystal display device, that is, the front direction and the oblique direction of the screen functions.
  • the difference in display quality between the front direction and the diagonal direction when the screen is viewed from an oblique direction is improved.
  • FIG. 61 is a schematic diagram of an exposure process in the manufacturing process of the light control member 1209 of the present embodiment.
  • the exposure process is divided into two times, as shown in FIG.
  • the photomask 1210 is used to shield a part of the resist 1211 from being exposed, and in the second exposure step, the photomask 1210 is removed so that the entire surface of the resist 1211 is exposed.
  • the controllability of the tilt angle can be changed by changing the light diffusion degree in the first and second exposure steps.
  • the light control member 1209 including the light diffusing portion 1241 having the inclination angle of the reflection surface 1241c larger than 90 ° reflects the light in the oblique direction to the front direction, thereby outputting the characteristic in the front direction, for example, the input gradation.
  • the brightness and chromaticity of the image to be performed may be different from the state without the light control member 1209. In this case, either image adjustment is performed after the light control member 1209 is bonded, or different image adjustments are performed in advance on the assumption that the luminance and chromaticity are changed by the light control member 1209. Can be solved.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of the first to twelfth embodiments described above can be applied to various electronic devices.
  • electronic devices including the liquid crystal display devices of the first to twelfth embodiments will be described with reference to FIGS. 62 to 64.
  • FIG. The liquid crystal display devices according to the first to twelfth embodiments described above can be applied to, for example, a thin television shown in FIG.
  • a thin television 1350 illustrated in FIG. 62 includes a display portion 1351, a speaker 1352, a cabinet 1353, a stand 1354, and the like.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of the first to twelfth embodiments described above can be suitably applied.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of the first to twelfth embodiments described above can be applied to, for example, the smartphone 1360 shown in FIG.
  • a smartphone 1360 illustrated in FIG. 63 includes a voice input unit 1361, a voice output unit 1362, an operation switch 1364, a display unit 1365, a touch panel 1363, a housing 1366, and the like.
  • the display unit 1365 the liquid crystal display devices of the first to twelfth embodiments described above can be suitably applied.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of the first to twelfth embodiments described above can be applied to, for example, a notebook computer 1370 shown in FIG.
  • a notebook computer 1370 illustrated in FIG. 64 includes a display portion 1371, a keyboard 1372, a touch pad 1373, a main switch 1374, a camera 1375, a recording medium slot 1376, a housing 1377, and the like.
  • the display unit 1371 the liquid crystal display devices of the first to twelfth embodiments described above can be suitably applied.
  • an image with a small viewing angle dependency can be displayed.
  • the azimuth angle direction where the gamma characteristic change depending on the polar angle of the liquid crystal panel is large and the vertical direction of the X-shaped light shielding layer of the light control member are completely It is not necessary to match, and it is only necessary that they match.
  • the technique in the aspect of the present invention includes in the range. From this, in the liquid crystal display device according to one aspect of the present invention, the liquid crystal panel has a liquid crystal molecule director in a middle region of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer when a voltage is applied in the first direction and in different directions.
  • the light transmittance When it deviates from 45 ° by 5 °, the light transmittance is expected to decrease by about 10%, but when it deviates greatly by more than 5 °, the rate of decrease in the transmittance increases significantly, affecting the display performance. It is to do.
  • At least one of an antireflection structure, a polarizing filter layer, an antistatic layer, an antiglare treatment layer, and an antifouling treatment layer is provided on the viewing side of the base material of the light control member. May be. According to this configuration, it is possible to add a function to reduce external light reflection, a function to prevent the adhesion of dust and dirt, a function to prevent scratches, and the like according to the type of layer provided on the viewing side of the substrate. Further, it is possible to prevent deterioration of viewing angle characteristics with time.
  • the antireflection structure a configuration in which an antiglare layer is provided on the viewing side of the base material of the light control member may be used.
  • the antiglare layer for example, a dielectric multilayer film that cancels external light using light interference is used.
  • a so-called moth-eye structure may be provided on the viewing side of the base material of the light control member.
  • the moth-eye structure includes the following structures and shapes.
  • the moth-eye structure is a concavo-convex shape with a period equal to or less than the wavelength of visible light, and is a shape or structure using the principle of a so-called “Moth-eye” configuration.
  • the two-dimensional size of the convex portions constituting the concavo-convex pattern is 10 nm or more and less than 500 nm. Reflection is suppressed by continuously changing the refractive index for light incident on the base material from the refractive index of the incident medium (air) to the refractive index of the base material along the depth direction of the unevenness.
  • the shape of the hollow part or the light-diffusion part was made into the shape of a quadrangular pyramid, other shapes may be sufficient.
  • the inclination angle of the reflection surface of the light diffusing portion is not necessarily symmetric about the optical axis.
  • the shape of the hollow part or the light diffusing part is a quadrangular pyramid shape as in the above embodiment, the inclination angle of the reflecting surface of the light diffusing part is axisymmetric about the optical axis. A line-symmetric angular distribution is obtained as the center.
  • the inclination angle of the reflection surface of the light diffusing unit may be asymmetric.
  • the areas of the two domains may be different, and the director direction of the liquid crystal molecules may not be completely different by 180 °.
  • the present invention is applied when there are at least two domains in a pixel, and there may be three or more domains.
  • the vertical direction of the light shielding layer of the light control member may be arranged in accordance with the azimuth direction in which the viewing angle characteristics are desired to be improved.
  • one pixel PX of the liquid crystal panel 2 has three sub-pixels of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) having a rectangular shape.
  • An example in which the three sub-pixels are configured by pixels and arranged in the horizontal direction (arrow H direction) with the long-side direction directed in the vertical direction (arrow V direction) of the screen is shown.
  • the arrangement of the sub-pixels is not limited to this example.
  • the three sub-pixels R, G, B are oriented in the horizontal direction (arrow H direction) on the long side. May be arranged in the vertical direction (arrow V direction).
  • one pixel of the liquid crystal panel 2 is a rectangular sub-pixel of red (R), green (G), blue (B), and yellow (Y).
  • the four subpixels may be arranged in the horizontal direction (arrow H direction) with the long side direction directed in the vertical direction (arrow V direction) of the screen.
  • the four sub-pixels R, G, B, and Y are oriented in the horizontal direction (arrow H direction) and the long side direction in the vertical direction (arrow V direction). It may be arranged.
  • one pixel of the liquid crystal panel is composed of four square R, G, B, and Y sub-pixels, and 2 pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions of the screen. They may be arranged in two rows and two columns.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention can be used for a liquid crystal display device and a light control member.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides (1), qui comprend un panneau à cristaux liquides (2) et un élément de commande de lumière (9) qui est disposé sur le côté d'émission de lumière du panneau à cristaux liquides (2). Le panneau à cristaux liquides (2) comprend de multiples pixels, dans lesquels le directeur des molécules de cristaux liquides dans une région intermédiaire dans la direction d'épaisseur de la couche de cristaux liquides (11) se dirige dans une première direction lorsqu'une tension est appliquée. L'axe d'absorption d'une première lame de polariseur (3) et l'axe d'absorption de la seconde lame de polariseur (7) sont perpendiculaires l'un à l'autre et forment un angle non-parallèle par rapport à la première direction. L'élément de commande de lumière (9) comprend un substrat (39), des unités de blocage de lumière (40), des unités de diffusion de lumière (41) et des unités à faible indice de réfraction (42). La forme plate des unités de blocage de lumière (40), vue depuis la direction normale du substrat (39), présente une première partie en ligne droite qui coupe la première direction.
PCT/JP2015/082399 2014-11-25 2015-11-18 Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides et élément de commande de lumière WO2016084676A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109270730A (zh) * 2018-08-15 2019-01-25 住华科技股份有限公司 光学膜、显示装置及其制造方法
TWI727481B (zh) * 2018-08-15 2021-05-11 住華科技股份有限公司 光學膜

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WO2012157517A1 (fr) * 2011-05-13 2012-11-22 シャープ株式会社 Élément de diffusion lumineuse ainsi que procédé de fabrication de celui-ci, et dispositif d'affichage
WO2013151034A1 (fr) * 2012-04-02 2013-10-10 シャープ株式会社 Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides
WO2014034471A1 (fr) * 2012-08-27 2014-03-06 シャープ株式会社 Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides
WO2014092017A1 (fr) * 2012-12-11 2014-06-19 シャープ株式会社 Élément de diffusion de lumière et dispositif d'affichage

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WO2012157517A1 (fr) * 2011-05-13 2012-11-22 シャープ株式会社 Élément de diffusion lumineuse ainsi que procédé de fabrication de celui-ci, et dispositif d'affichage
WO2013151034A1 (fr) * 2012-04-02 2013-10-10 シャープ株式会社 Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides
WO2014034471A1 (fr) * 2012-08-27 2014-03-06 シャープ株式会社 Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides
WO2014092017A1 (fr) * 2012-12-11 2014-06-19 シャープ株式会社 Élément de diffusion de lumière et dispositif d'affichage

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109270730A (zh) * 2018-08-15 2019-01-25 住华科技股份有限公司 光学膜、显示装置及其制造方法
TWI695190B (zh) * 2018-08-15 2020-06-01 住華科技股份有限公司 光學膜、顯示裝置及其製造方法
TWI727481B (zh) * 2018-08-15 2021-05-11 住華科技股份有限公司 光學膜
CN109270730B (zh) * 2018-08-15 2022-03-25 住华科技股份有限公司 光学膜、显示装置及其制造方法

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