WO2016088596A1 - Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides - Google Patents

Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016088596A1
WO2016088596A1 PCT/JP2015/082854 JP2015082854W WO2016088596A1 WO 2016088596 A1 WO2016088596 A1 WO 2016088596A1 JP 2015082854 W JP2015082854 W JP 2015082854W WO 2016088596 A1 WO2016088596 A1 WO 2016088596A1
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Prior art keywords
light
liquid crystal
crystal display
display device
luminance
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PCT/JP2015/082854
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
奨 越智
昇平 勝田
康 浅岡
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シャープ株式会社
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Publication of WO2016088596A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016088596A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S2/00—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
  • This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-242916 filed in Japan on December 1, 2014, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Liquid crystal display devices are widely used as portable electronic devices such as smartphones, or displays for televisions, personal computers, and the like.
  • the display has become particularly high-definition, and the development of a display that supports a super high-definition video (7680 Pixel ⁇ 4320 Pixel) having a resolution that is four times the width and width of the conventional full high-definition video (1920 Pixel ⁇ 1080 Pixel) is progressing.
  • a liquid crystal display device exhibits excellent display characteristics when a display screen is viewed from the front.
  • the contrast is lowered and the visibility is likely to deteriorate. For this reason, various methods have been proposed to widen the viewing angle range in which the screen can be observed with good visibility.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a VA (Vertically Alignment) mode liquid crystal display device and a MVA (Multi-domain Vertical Alignment) mode liquid crystal display device having good viewing angle characteristics.
  • VA Very Alignment
  • MVA Multi-domain Vertical Alignment
  • the transmittance is improved and the structure in the cell is simplified.
  • the number of domains is two, the average direction of the major axis of the liquid crystal molecules contained in each domain is different from each other by 180 ° when a voltage is applied.
  • a direction parallel to the major axis of the liquid crystal molecules is referred to as a director.
  • the display is not as good as when the liquid crystal display device is viewed from the front. There is no big change in the image.
  • this liquid crystal display device is viewed obliquely from above and below, the color change of the display image is larger than when the liquid crystal display device is viewed from the front. That is, the VA mode liquid crystal display device having two domains in one pixel has a problem that the viewing angle characteristic has a high azimuth angle and the viewing angle characteristic has a large azimuth angle dependency.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device having a small viewing angle dependency.
  • a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a first alignment film, a second substrate having a second alignment film, the first alignment film, and the second alignment film.
  • a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the film, a first polarizing plate disposed on the light incident side of the liquid crystal layer, and a second polarizing plate disposed on the light emission side of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the director of the liquid crystal molecules in the intermediate region of the thickness comprises a plurality of pixels facing the first direction, the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate are orthogonal to each other, An angle non-parallel to the first direction is formed, and the light control member has light transmittance.
  • a light-shielding portion provided on the first surface of the base material, a light diffusion portion having a light-emitting end surface in a region where the light-shielding portion of the first surface of the base material is not formed, A low-refractive-index part provided at a position partially overlapping with the light-shielding part as viewed from the normal direction of the substrate, and having a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the light-diffusion part, the light-diffusion part, The light emission end face located on the substrate side, the light incident end face located on the opposite side of the substrate side, and an inclined surface located between the light emission end face and the light incident end face
  • the illumination device is configured to determine the amount of light emitted in a direction perpendicular to the first direction, as viewed from the normal direction of the base material, and the amount of light emitted in a direction parallel to the first direction. Provide a structure that is larger than the amount.
  • the first of the plurality of luminance curves indicating the luminance distribution of light emitted from the illumination device in the azimuth angle direction viewed from the normal direction of the base material.
  • the first luminance curve showing the luminance distribution of light emitted in a direction parallel to the first direction and the second luminance curve showing the luminance distribution of light emitted in a direction perpendicular to the first direction It may have a two-fold symmetrical shape.
  • the luminance distribution of light emitted from the illumination device in a direction parallel to the first direction in the azimuth direction viewed from the normal direction of the substrate is shown.
  • the full width at half maximum of the first luminance curve may be smaller than the full width at half maximum of the second luminance curve indicating the luminance distribution of light emitted from the lighting device in a direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the luminance distribution of light emitted from the illumination device in a direction parallel to the first direction in the azimuth direction viewed from the normal direction of the substrate is shown.
  • the first luminance curve has a shape in which the luminance decreases as the polar angle increases when the horizontal axis of the luminance distribution is a polar angle and the vertical axis is the luminance, and the luminance is the polar angle
  • the angle exceeds a predetermined angle it becomes smaller than the threshold value, and after exceeding the predetermined angle, the threshold value may not be exceeded.
  • the threshold value may have a value of substantially 30% when the luminance when the polar angle is 0 ° is 100%.
  • the illumination device may include a light guide and a light source provided on an end face of the light guide.
  • the structure has a triangular cross-section cut in a plane perpendicular to the end face and perpendicular to the light exit surface of the light guide, and is parallel to the end face. There may be a plurality of convex portions extending in a direction perpendicular to the first direction and projecting toward the light exit surface.
  • the illumination device may include a first light scattering sheet that anisotropically scatters light emitted from the structure.
  • the first light scattering sheet may scatter light emitted from the structure in a direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the first light scattering sheet has a shape in which a cross section cut along a plane parallel to the end surface and perpendicular to the light exit surface of the light guide has a curvature.
  • a plurality of protrusions may be provided that extend in a direction perpendicular to the end face and parallel to the first direction and protrude toward the surface facing the liquid crystal panel.
  • the structure has a triangular cross-section cut in a plane perpendicular to the end face and perpendicular to the light exit surface of the light guide, and is parallel to the end face.
  • the illumination device includes a light shielding sheet that blocks a part of light emitted from the structure, and the light shielding sheet is in a direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the apex angle of the convex portion on the side facing the liquid crystal panel may be larger than 90 ° and smaller than 180 °.
  • the illuminating device transmits first polarized light toward the liquid crystal panel and transmits second polarized light out of the light emitted from the structure. You may provide the sheet
  • a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a first alignment film, a second substrate having a second alignment film, the first alignment film, and the second alignment film.
  • a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the film, a first polarizing plate disposed on the light incident side of the liquid crystal layer, and a second polarizing plate disposed on the light emission side of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the director of the liquid crystal molecules in the intermediate region of the thickness comprises a plurality of pixels facing the first direction, the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate are orthogonal to each other, An angle non-parallel to the first direction is formed, and the light control member has light transmittance.
  • a light-shielding portion provided on the first surface of the base material, a light diffusion portion having a light-emitting end surface in a region where the light-shielding portion of the first surface of the base material is not formed, A low-refractive-index part provided at a position partially overlapping with the light-shielding part as viewed from the normal direction of the substrate, and having a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the light-diffusion part, the light-diffusion part, The light emission end face located on the substrate side, the light incident end face located on the opposite side of the substrate side, and an inclined surface located between the light emission end face and the light incident end face
  • the lighting device includes a base and a light source disposed on the liquid crystal panel side of the base.
  • the illumination device includes a light shielding sheet that blocks a part of light emitted from the light source, and the light shielding sheet is elongated in a direction perpendicular to the first direction. And a plurality of light shields arranged at intervals in a direction parallel to the first direction.
  • the illumination device includes a first light scattering sheet that anisotropically scatters the light emitted from the light source, and the first light scattering sheet includes the first light scattering sheet, The light emitted from the light source may be scattered in a direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the illumination device may include a second light scattering sheet that isotropically scatters the light emitted from the light source.
  • the planar shape of the light-shielding portion viewed from the normal direction of the base material is two parallel linear portions intersecting the first direction, or the A straight portion having a finite width intersecting the first direction may be included.
  • the planar shape may be a polygon.
  • the polygon may be a rhombus.
  • FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing a state of one process following FIG. 19. It is a perspective view which shows the mode of one process following FIG. It is a top view which expands and shows a light shielding layer. It is a perspective view of the backlight of the other example of 1st Embodiment.
  • the figure which shows the relationship between the polar angle and the normalization brightness
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment.
  • the liquid crystal display device 1 of this embodiment includes a liquid crystal panel 2, a backlight 8, and a light control member 9.
  • the liquid crystal panel 2 includes a first polarizing plate 3, a first retardation film 4, a liquid crystal cell 5, a second retardation film 6, and a second polarizing plate 7.
  • the liquid crystal cell 5 is schematically illustrated, but the detailed structure thereof will be described later.
  • the backlight 8 of the present embodiment corresponds to the lighting device in the claims.
  • the observer views the display image of the liquid crystal display device 1 through the light control member 9.
  • the side on which the light control member 9 is disposed is referred to as the viewing side.
  • the side on which the backlight 8 is disposed is referred to as the back side.
  • the x axis is defined as the horizontal direction of the screen of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the y axis is defined as the vertical direction of the screen of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the z axis is defined as the thickness direction of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the horizontal direction of the screen corresponds to the left-right direction when the observer views the liquid crystal display device 1 facing the front.
  • the vertical direction of the screen corresponds to the up-down direction when the observer views the liquid crystal display device 1 facing the front.
  • the light emitted from the backlight 8 is modulated by the liquid crystal panel 2, and a predetermined image, character, or the like is displayed by the modulated light. Further, when the light emitted from the liquid crystal panel 2 passes through the light control member 9, the light distribution of the emitted light becomes wider than before entering the light control member 9, and the light is emitted from the light control member 9. .
  • liquid crystal panel 2 an active matrix transmissive liquid crystal panel will be described as an example.
  • the liquid crystal panel applicable to the present embodiment is not limited to an active matrix transmissive liquid crystal panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel 2 applicable to the present embodiment may be, for example, a transflective (transmission / reflection type) liquid crystal panel.
  • a simple matrix type liquid crystal panel in which each pixel does not include a switching thin film transistor may be used.
  • a thin film transistor is abbreviated as TFT.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the liquid crystal panel 2.
  • the liquid crystal cell 5 includes a TFT substrate 10, a color filter substrate 12, and a liquid crystal layer 11.
  • the TFT substrate 10 functions as a switching element substrate.
  • the color filter substrate 12 is disposed to face the TFT substrate 10.
  • the liquid crystal layer 11 is sandwiched between the TFT substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 12.
  • the TFT substrate 10 of this embodiment corresponds to the first substrate in the claims.
  • the color filter substrate 12 of this embodiment corresponds to the second substrate in the claims.
  • the liquid crystal layer 11 is sealed in a space surrounded by the TFT substrate 10, the color filter substrate 12, and a frame-shaped seal member (not shown).
  • the sealing member bonds the TFT substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 12 at a predetermined interval.
  • the liquid crystal panel 2 of the present embodiment performs display in a VA (Vertical Alignment) mode.
  • a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used for the liquid crystal layer 11.
  • a spacer 13 is disposed between the TFT substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 12.
  • the spacer 13 is a spherical or columnar member. The spacer 13 keeps the distance between the TFT substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 12 constant.
  • a TFT 19 having a semiconductor layer 15, a gate electrode 16, a source electrode 17, a drain electrode 18 and the like is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 14 constituting the TFT substrate 10 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side.
  • the transparent substrate 14 for example, a glass substrate can be used.
  • the TFT 19 of this embodiment functions as a switching element provided in each pixel.
  • a semiconductor layer 15 is formed on the transparent substrate 14.
  • the semiconductor layer 15 is made of a quaternary mixed crystal semiconductor material containing, for example, indium (In), gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), and oxygen (O).
  • a quaternary mixed crystal semiconductor material containing, for example, indium (In), gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), and oxygen (O).
  • ⁇ -Si AmorphousconSilicon
  • a gate insulating film 20 is formed on the transparent substrate 14 so as to cover the semiconductor layer 15.
  • a material of the gate insulating film 20 for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated film thereof is used.
  • a gate electrode 16 is formed on the gate insulating film 20 so as to face the semiconductor layer 15.
  • a laminated film of W (tungsten) / TaN (tantalum nitride), Mo (molybdenum), Ti (titanium), Al (aluminum), or the like is used.
  • a first interlayer insulating film 21 is formed on the gate insulating film 20 so as to cover the gate electrode 16.
  • a material of the first interlayer insulating film 21 for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated film thereof is used.
  • a source electrode 17 and a drain electrode 18 are formed on the first interlayer insulating film 21.
  • a contact hole 22 and a contact hole 23 are formed through the first interlayer insulating film 21 and the gate insulating film 20 in the first interlayer insulating film 21 and the gate insulating film 20.
  • the source electrode 17 is connected to the source region of the semiconductor layer 15 through the contact hole 22.
  • the drain electrode 18 is connected to the drain region of the semiconductor layer 15 through the contact hole 23.
  • a second interlayer insulating film 24 is formed on the first interlayer insulating film 21 so as to cover the source electrode 17 and the drain electrode 18.
  • the same material as the first interlayer insulating film 21 described above or an organic insulating material is used.
  • a pixel electrode 25 is formed on the second interlayer insulating film 24.
  • a contact hole 26 is formed through the second interlayer insulating film 24 in the second interlayer insulating film 24.
  • the pixel electrode 25 is connected to the drain electrode 18 through the contact hole 26.
  • the pixel electrode 25 is connected to the drain region of the semiconductor layer 15 using the drain electrode 18 as a relay electrode.
  • a transparent conductive material such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide) is used.
  • the image signal supplied to the source electrode 17 through the source bus line passes through the semiconductor layer 15 and the drain electrode 18 to form a pixel electrode. 25.
  • the form of the TFT 19 may be the top gate type TFT shown in FIG. 2 or the bottom gate type TFT.
  • a first alignment film 27 is formed on the entire surface of the second interlayer insulating film 24 so as to cover the pixel electrode 25.
  • the first alignment film 27 has an alignment regulating force for vertically aligning liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 11.
  • the alignment process is performed on the first alignment film 27 using a photo-alignment technique. That is, in this embodiment, a photo-alignment film is used as the first alignment film 27.
  • a black matrix 30, a color filter 31, a planarizing layer 32, a counter electrode 33, and a second alignment film 34 are sequentially formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 29 constituting the color filter substrate 12 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side.
  • the black matrix 30 has a function of blocking light transmission in the inter-pixel region.
  • the black matrix 30 is formed of, for example, a metal such as Cr (chromium) or a Cr / Cr oxide multilayer film, or a photoresist in which carbon particles are dispersed in a photosensitive resin.
  • the color filter 31 includes one of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) pigments for each sub-pixel having a different color that constitutes one pixel.
  • One color filter 31 of R, G, and B is disposed to face one pixel electrode 25 on the TFT substrate 10.
  • the color filter 31 may have a multicolor configuration of three or more colors of R, G, and B. For example, a four-color configuration in which yellow (Y) is added, a four-color configuration in which white (W) is added, or yellow (Y), cyan (C), and magenta (M) are added 6 A color configuration may be used.
  • the planarization layer 32 is composed of an insulating film that covers the black matrix 30 and the color filter 31.
  • the planarization layer 32 has a function of relaxing and leveling the level difference formed by the black matrix 30 and the color filter 31.
  • a counter electrode 33 is formed on the planarization layer 32.
  • a transparent conductive material similar to that of the pixel electrode 25 is used.
  • a second alignment film 34 is formed on the entire surface of the counter electrode 33.
  • the second alignment film 34 has an alignment regulating force that vertically aligns the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 11.
  • the alignment process is performed on the second alignment film 34 using a photo-alignment technique. That is, in this embodiment, a photo-alignment film is used as the second alignment film 34.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the backlight 8 of the present embodiment.
  • the backlight 8 that is a lighting device includes a light source 36, a light guide 37, and a prism sheet 90.
  • the light source 36 is disposed on the end surface 37 a of the light guide 37.
  • As the light source 36 for example, a light emitting diode, a cold cathode tube, or the like is used.
  • the light guide 37 is formed of, for example, an acrylic resin.
  • the backlight 8 of the present embodiment is an edge light type backlight.
  • the light source 36 emits light toward the end surface 37 a of the light guide 37.
  • the light guide 37 has a function of guiding light emitted from the light source 36 to the liquid crystal panel 2. Specifically, the light guide 37 emits light incident from the end surface 37a from the upper surface 37b, which is a light emitting surface, while propagating the light inside.
  • a resin material such as acrylic resin is used.
  • the prism sheet 90 has a cross section cut as a structure on a surface facing the light guide 37 by a plane (yz plane) perpendicular to the end surface 37a of the light guide 37 and perpendicular to the upper surface 37b of the light guide 37. Is a triangular shape, and includes a plurality of convex portions 90S extending in a direction parallel to the end surface 37a and projecting toward the upper surface 37b of the light guide 37.
  • the prism sheet 90 is called a so-called turning lens sheet.
  • the prism sheet 90 changes the traveling direction of the light to a direction close to the normal direction of the liquid crystal panel 2 and emits the light.
  • a reflective sheet is disposed on the lower surface 37 c of the light guide 37.
  • the reflection sheet reflects light emitted from the lower surface 37 c of the light guide 37 and re-enters the light from the lower surface 37 c of the light guide 37.
  • the backlight 8 of the present embodiment is a so-called directional backlight that controls the light emission direction and has directivity.
  • the thickness of the light guide 37 gradually decreases from the end surface 37a where the light source 36 is disposed toward the opposite end surface 37d. That is, the upper surface 37b and the lower surface 37c of the light guide 37 are not parallel to each other, and the shape of the light guide 37 viewed from the side is a wedge shape. Light incident from the end surface 37a of the light guide 37 travels in the y-axis direction while being repeatedly reflected between the upper surface 37b and the lower surface 37c of the light guide 37.
  • the incident angle of light with respect to the upper and lower surfaces of the light guide is constant no matter how many times it is reflected.
  • the light guide 37 has a wedge shape as in the present embodiment, the incident angle decreases every time light is reflected once by the upper surface 37b and the lower surface 37c of the light guide 37.
  • the critical angle at the upper surface 37b of the light guide 37 that is, the light guide 37 is configured.
  • the critical angle at the interface between the acrylic resin and the air is about 42 ° from Snell's law.
  • the light repeats total reflection between the upper surface 37b and the lower surface 37c, and when the incident angle of the light to the upper surface 37b becomes smaller than 42 ° which is a critical angle, the total reflection condition is not satisfied, and the light is external. It is injected into the space. Accordingly, the light is emitted with a substantially constant emission angle with respect to the upper surface 37 b of the light guide 37.
  • the backlight 8 has a narrow light distribution in the yz plane and has directivity in the yz plane.
  • the backlight 8 has a light distribution that is wider than the light distribution in the yz plane in the xz plane and does not have directivity in the xz plane.
  • the backlight 8 may not have directivity.
  • a backlight in which the direction of light emission is controlled and the directivity is set somewhat moderate may be used.
  • the first polarizing plate 3 is provided between the backlight 8 and the liquid crystal cell 5.
  • the first polarizing plate 3 functions as a polarizer that controls the polarization state of light incident on the liquid crystal cell 5.
  • a second polarizing plate 7 is provided between the liquid crystal cell 5 and the light control member 9.
  • the second polarizing plate 7 functions as a polarizer that controls the transmission state of light emitted from the liquid crystal cell 5.
  • the transmission axis of the first polarizing plate 3 and the transmission axis of the second polarizing plate 7 are in a crossed Nicols arrangement.
  • a first retardation film 4 is provided between the first polarizing plate 3 and the liquid crystal cell 5 to compensate for the phase difference of light.
  • a second retardation film 6 is provided between the second polarizing plate 7 and the liquid crystal cell 5 to compensate for the phase difference of light.
  • a TAC film is used as the retardation film (first retardation film 4, second retardation film 6) of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a driving circuit of the liquid crystal display device, and illustrates a schematic wiring diagram of a driver and a timing controller (TCON) of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the liquid crystal display device 1 of the present embodiment has four TCONs 80, and the four TCONs 80 are source drivers 81 in the upper right area, upper left area, lower right area, and lower left area of the screen 83, respectively. And an input signal to the gate driver 82 is controlled.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a gate bus line and a source bus line of the liquid crystal display device 1, and is an enlarged view of an image display area of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the TFT substrate 10 has a plurality of pixels PX arranged in a matrix.
  • the pixel PX is a basic unit of display.
  • a plurality of source bus lines SB are formed on the TFT substrate 10 so as to extend in parallel to each other.
  • a plurality of gate bus lines GB are formed on the TFT substrate 10 so as to extend in parallel to each other.
  • the plurality of gate bus lines GB are orthogonal to the plurality of source bus lines SB.
  • a plurality of source bus lines SB and a plurality of gate bus lines GB are formed in a lattice pattern.
  • a rectangular area defined by the adjacent source bus line SB and the adjacent gate bus line GB is one pixel PX.
  • the source bus line SB is connected to the source electrode 17 of the TFT 19.
  • the gate bus line GB is connected to the gate electrode 16 of the TFT 19.
  • two source bus lines SB1, SB2 are formed for one column of pixels PX, and the first source bus line SB1 has an odd row (Line 1, 3,). ) Of pixels PX are connected, and pixels PX of even-numbered rows (Lines 2, 4,...) Are connected to the second source bus line SB2.
  • two gate bus lines GB are selected, and signals are written to the pixels PX two rows at a time.
  • the video signal When a video signal is input from the outside, the video signal is divided into four and supplied to four TCONs 80, and two gate bus lines GB are simultaneously selected. Therefore, at the first timing, the video is displayed on the first row, the second row, the 2161th row, the 2162th row, and then the fourth row, the fourth row, the 2163th row, the 2164th row, and so on. Is displayed, and after the last gate bus line GB in the 4320th row is selected, the next video signal is written again from above.
  • the driving method is not limited to the simultaneous writing of the four lines, and scanning may be performed line by line when the wiring capacity is sufficiently small and the response speed of the liquid crystal is sufficiently high.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the light control member 9 as viewed from the viewing side.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of the light control member 9 and a cross-sectional view from two directions.
  • the upper left side is a plan view of the light control member 9
  • the lower left side is a cross-sectional view along the line AA of the upper left side plan view
  • the upper right side is along the BB line of the upper left side plan view. It is sectional drawing.
  • the light control member 9 includes a base material 39, a plurality of light shielding layers 40, a light diffusion portion 41, and a plurality of hollow portions 42.
  • the plurality of light shielding layers 40 are formed on the first surface 39 a (surface opposite to the viewing side) of the base material 39.
  • the light diffusion portion 41 is formed in a region other than the region where the light shielding layer 40 is formed on the first surface 39 a of the base material 39.
  • the light shielding layer 40 is provided on the first surface 39 a at a position that does not overlap the light diffusion portion 41 when viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39.
  • the hollow portion 42 is provided at a position that partially overlaps the light shielding layer 40 when viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39.
  • the light shielding layer 40 of the present embodiment corresponds to the light shielding portion in the claims.
  • the light control member 9 is disposed on the second polarizing plate 7 with the light diffusion portion 41 facing the second polarizing plate 7 and the base material 39 facing the viewing side.
  • the light control member 9 is fixed to the second polarizing plate 7 through the adhesive layer 43.
  • the base material 39 examples include transparent resin base materials such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyethersulfone (PES) film.
  • TAC triacetyl cellulose
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PES polyethersulfone
  • the base material 39 becomes a base when the material for the light shielding layer 40 and the light diffusion portion 41 is applied later in the manufacturing process.
  • the base material 39 needs to have heat resistance and mechanical strength in a heat treatment step during the manufacturing process. Therefore, as the base material 39, a glass base material or the like may be used in addition to the resin base material. However, it is preferable that the thickness of the base material 39 is as thin as possible without impairing the heat resistance and mechanical strength.
  • the total light transmittance of the base material 39 is preferably 90% or more as defined in JIS K7361-1. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained.
  • a transparent resin substrate having a thickness of, for example, 100 ⁇ m is used as the substrate 39.
  • the light shielding layer 40 is randomly arranged as viewed from the normal direction of the first surface 39a of the base 39.
  • the light shielding layer 40 is made of an organic material having light absorption and photosensitivity such as black resist and black ink.
  • a metal film such as Cr (chromium) or a Cr / Cr oxide multilayer film may be used.
  • the light diffusing unit 41 is made of an organic material having optical transparency and photosensitivity such as acrylic resin and epoxy resin. Further, the total light transmittance of the light diffusing portion 41 is preferably 90% or more in accordance with JIS K7361-1. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained.
  • the light diffusing portion 41 has a light exit end face 41a, a light incident end face 41b, and a reflecting face 41c.
  • the light diffusing unit 41 uses a region of the first surface 39a of the base 39 where the light shielding layer 40 is not formed as a light emission end surface 41a.
  • the light emission end surface 41 a is a surface in contact with the base material 39.
  • the light incident end surface 41b is a surface facing the light emitting end surface 41a.
  • the reflection surface 41 c is a tapered inclined surface of the light diffusion portion 41.
  • the reflection surface 41c is a surface that reflects light incident from the light incident end surface 41b.
  • the area of the light incident end face 41b is larger than the area of the light exit end face 41a.
  • the light diffusion part 41 is a part that contributes to the transmission of light in the light control member 9. As shown in the lower left part of FIG. 7, among the light incident on the light diffusing portion 41, the light L1 is emitted from the light emitting end face 41a without being reflected by the reflecting face 41c. Of the light incident on the light diffusing unit 41, the light L2 is totally reflected by the reflecting surface 41c of the light diffusing unit 41 and guided in a state of being substantially confined inside the light diffusing unit 41, and the light emitting end surface 41a. Is injected from.
  • the light control member 9 is arranged so that the base material 39 faces the viewing side. Therefore, of the two opposing surfaces of the light diffusing portion 41, the surface with the smaller area becomes the light emission end surface 41a. On the other hand, the surface with the larger area becomes the light incident end surface 41b.
  • the inclination angle of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusing portion 41 (the angle ⁇ c formed between the light incident end surface 41b and the reflection surface 41c) is, for example, about 80 ° ⁇ 5 °.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ c of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is not particularly limited as long as it is an angle capable of sufficiently diffusing incident light when emitted from the light control member 9.
  • the inclination angle of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusing unit 41 is constant.
  • the height t1 from the light incident end surface 41b of the light diffusion portion 41 to the light emitting end surface 41a is set to be larger than the layer thickness t2 of the light shielding layer 40.
  • the thickness t2 of the light shielding layer 40 is about 150 nm as an example.
  • the height t1 from the light incident end face 41b to the light emitting end face 41a of the light diffusing portion 41 is, for example, about 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • a portion surrounded by the reflection surface 41 c of the light diffusion portion 41 and the light shielding layer 40 is a hollow portion 42. Air exists in the hollow portion 42.
  • the refractive index of the base material 39 and the refractive index of the light diffusion portion 41 are substantially equal.
  • the reason is as follows. For example, consider a case where the refractive index of the base material 39 and the refractive index of the light diffusion portion 41 are greatly different. In this case, when light incident from the light incident end surface 41 b exits from the light diffusion portion 41, unnecessary light refraction or reflection may occur at the interface between the light diffusion portion 41 and the base material 39. In this case, there is a possibility that problems such as failure to obtain a desired viewing angle and a decrease in the amount of emitted light may occur.
  • the light diffusion portion 41 is formed of, for example, a transparent acrylic resin
  • the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is an interface between the transparent acrylic resin and air.
  • the hollow portion 42 may be filled with another low refractive index material.
  • the critical angle is the smallest, and the incident angle range in which the light is totally reflected by the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is the widest. As a result, light loss is further suppressed, and high luminance can be obtained.
  • the hollow portion 42 of the present embodiment corresponds to the low refractive index portion in the claims.
  • a plurality of light shielding layers 40 are provided in a scattered manner on the first surface 39 a of the base material 39.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 is an elongated rhombus. That is, the light shielding layer 40 exhibits an anisotropic shape having a major axis and a minor axis.
  • the ratio (B1 / B2) of the major axis dimension B1 to the minor axis dimension B2 of the rhombus that is the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 is, for example, 1 or more and 3 or less.
  • the long axis dimension B1 of the light shielding layer 40 is, for example, 10 to 40 ⁇ m, and the short axis dimension B2 of the light shielding layer 40 is, for example, 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the minor axis dimension B2 itself and the major axis dimension B1 themselves are different, but the ratio of the major axis dimension B1 to the minor axis dimension B2 is substantially equal.
  • the ratio of the occupied area of the light shielding layer 40 to the total area of the first surface 39a of the base 39 is, for example, 30% ⁇ 10%.
  • the part corresponding to the lower part of the light shielding layer 40 is a square pyramid-shaped hollow part 42.
  • the light control member 9 has a plurality of hollow portions 42 corresponding to the plurality of light shielding layers 40.
  • the light diffusing portion 41 is integrally provided in a portion other than the plurality of hollow portions 42.
  • the major axis direction of the rhombus forming the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 is substantially aligned with the x-axis direction.
  • the major axis direction of the rhombus may be referred to as the major axis direction of the light shielding layer 40.
  • the short axis direction of the rhombus forming the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 is substantially aligned with the y axis direction.
  • the minor axis direction of the rhombus may be referred to as the minor axis direction of the light shielding layer 40.
  • the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 corresponds to each side of the rhombus that forms the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40, considering the direction of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41, the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 Among them, the ratio of the reflection surface 41c parallel to the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction is very small, and the reflection surface 41c that forms an angle with the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction occupies the majority.
  • the traveling direction of light is projected onto the xy plane
  • the light Lx incident from the x-axis direction and reflected by the reflecting surface 41c travels in the y-axis direction, enters from the y-axis direction, and is reflected from the reflecting surface 41c.
  • the light Ly reflected at has a high rate of traveling in the x-axis direction.
  • the light Lx diffused from the x-axis direction parallel to the long axis of the light shielding layer 40 toward the y-axis direction parallel to the short axis is large.
  • planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 may partially include shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, and a semicircle. Further, a part of the light shielding layer 40 may be formed to overlap.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the definition of the polar angle and the azimuth angle.
  • the angle formed by the observer's line-of-sight direction F with respect to the normal direction E of the screen of the liquid crystal display device 1 is defined as a polar angle ⁇ .
  • the angle formed by the direction of the line segment G when the line-of-sight direction F of the observer is projected on the screen with reference to the positive direction (0 ° direction) of the x-axis is defined as an azimuth angle ⁇ .
  • FIG. 9 is a front view of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the horizontal direction (x-axis direction) is the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° direction.
  • the vertical direction (y-axis direction) is the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction.
  • the transmission axis P1 of the first polarizing plate 3 is arranged in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 45 ° -225 °
  • the transmission axis P2 of the second polarizing plate 7 is set to have an azimuth angle ⁇ : 135 °- It is arranged in the 315 ° direction.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an arrangement relationship between the light control member 9 and the pixel 50 including the VA mode liquid crystal included in the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the light control member 9 is disposed on the pixel 50.
  • the pixel 50 and the light control member 9 are shown in parallel in FIG.
  • the transmission axis P1 of the first polarizing plate 3 and the transmission axis P2 of the second polarizing plate 7 are shown.
  • the pixel 50 in this embodiment employs a VA structure in which one pixel 50 is divided into two domains, a first domain 50a and a second domain 50b, a so-called two-domain VA structure.
  • a rectangular pixel is divided into two by a straight line parallel to the longitudinal direction to form a vertically long domain.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the pixel 50 are aligned substantially vertically when no voltage is applied.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 are illustrated in a conical shape.
  • the vertex of the cone means the end of the liquid crystal molecule 51 on the back side.
  • the bottom surface of the cone indicates the end of the liquid crystal molecule 51 on the viewing side.
  • the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 means the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 51, and the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is from the end on the back side of the liquid crystal molecules 51 to the end on the viewing side. Defined as heading.
  • the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is indicated by an arrow D.
  • the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 coincides with the long side direction of the pixel or the long side direction of the domain.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the first domain 50a and the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the second domain 50b are inclined in directions different from each other by 180 ° in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction. Oriented. Specifically, the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the first domain 50a are inclined such that the polar angle ⁇ at the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° is larger than 0 °. The liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the second domain 50b are inclined such that the polar angle ⁇ at the azimuth angle ⁇ : 270 ° is larger than 0 °.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 By aligning the liquid crystal molecules 51 in this way, in the first domain 50a, the liquid crystal molecules 51 have an azimuth angle ⁇ of 90 ° and a polar angle of 90 ° at the center in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 11 when a voltage is applied. Tilt down closer to °. In the second domain 50b, at the central portion in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 11 when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules 51 are tilted so that the azimuth angle ⁇ is 270 ° and the polar angle approaches 90 °.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the first domain 50a and the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the second domain 50b have an azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270. In the ° direction, they fall down in directions different from each other by 180 °. Note that the liquid crystal molecules 51 in the vicinity of the first alignment film 27 and the second alignment film 34 are regulated by the first alignment film 27 and the second alignment film 34, so that even when a voltage is applied. It remains vertical.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the first domain 50a and the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the second domain 50b do not necessarily need to be tilted in directions different from each other by 180 °, and may be tilted in directions different from each other by about 180 ° ⁇ 10 °. That's fine.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the first domain 50a and the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the second domain 50b are tilted in a direction greatly deviated from 180 °, the first domain 50a and the second domain 50b are transmitted. Rate balance may be lost.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the first domain 50a and the liquid crystal molecules 51 included in the second domain 50b are tilted in a direction shifted by several degrees from 180 °. Also good.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing gamma characteristics when the polar angle ⁇ is changed in a liquid crystal display device of a comparative example that does not include the light control member 9.
  • the horizontal axis represents the polar angle (°)
  • the vertical axis represents the gamma value.
  • the “gamma value” shown here is a local gamma calculated from the luminance ratio between the luminance at 128 gradations and the luminance at 255 gradations. Specifically, when the local gamma is ⁇ , the luminance at 128 gradations is Br1, and the luminance at the 255 gradations is Br2, the local gamma ⁇ can be calculated by the following equation (1).
  • the curve Cx shows the gamma characteristic when the polar angle ⁇ is changed in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 °
  • the curve Cy changes the polar angle ⁇ in the direction of the azimuth angle 90 ° -270 °.
  • the gamma characteristic is shown.
  • the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is 90 ° -270 °, as shown in FIG.
  • the gamma value is maximum at a polar angle of 0 ° and is 2.2.
  • the viewing angle characteristics in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° direction and the viewing angle characteristics in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction The difference is due to the fact that the liquid crystal molecules are aligned so as to tilt only in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 °.
  • the viewpoint moves in the minor axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules, so the birefringence difference of the liquid crystal molecules is so large Absent.
  • the viewpoint is moved in the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules, and further along the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted.
  • the birefringence difference of the liquid crystal molecules is large.
  • the backlight 8 has a characteristic that the amount of light emitted in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0-180 ° direction is larger than the amount of light emitted in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90-270 ° direction.
  • the backlight 8 has a structure for increasing the amount of light emitted in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 to 180 ° more than the amount of light emitted in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 to 270 °. I have.
  • the backlight 8 is configured so that the amount of light emitted in a direction perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is parallel to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 when viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39. More than the amount of light emitted in the direction.
  • the backlight 8 of the present embodiment has a cross section cut along a plane (yz plane) perpendicular to the end surface 37 a of the light guide 37 and perpendicular to the upper surface 37 b of the light guide 37, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • a plurality of convex portions 90S that are triangular and extend in a direction parallel to the end surface 37a and perpendicular to the director direction D of the liquid crystal molecules 51 and project toward the upper surface 37b of the light guide 37 are provided.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the polar angle and the normalized luminance of the backlight 8 in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° direction and the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the polar angle (°)
  • the vertical axis indicates the normalized luminance.
  • a curve Ux shows the luminance characteristics in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 °
  • a curve Uy shows the luminance characteristics in the direction of azimuth angle 90 ° -270 °.
  • the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is 90 ° -270 °, as shown in FIG.
  • the curve Ux and the curve Uy have a two-fold symmetrical shape.
  • the curve Ux and the curve Uy have symmetrical shapes on the positive side and the negative side with a polar angle of 0 ° as the center.
  • the curve Ux has a relatively gentle slope, and the curve Ux has a relatively steep slope. Specifically, at least in the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 among the plurality of luminance curves indicating the luminance distribution of the light emitted from the backlight 8 in the azimuth angle direction viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39.
  • the curve Uy indicating the luminance distribution of the light emitted in a certain direction and the curve Ux indicating the luminance distribution of the light emitted in the direction perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 have a two-fold symmetrical shape.
  • a curve Uy indicating the luminance distribution of the light emitted in the direction parallel to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is referred to as “first”.
  • the curve Ux indicating the luminance distribution of light emitted in the direction perpendicular to the director direction D of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is referred to as a “second luminance curve”.
  • the amount of light emitted in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 to 180 ° is relatively large.
  • the effect of improving the angular characteristics can be further enhanced.
  • the full width at half maximum of the first luminance curve Uy is smaller than the full width at half maximum of the second luminance curve Ux in the azimuth angle direction viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39.
  • the first luminance curve Uy has a shape in which the luminance decreases as the polar angle increases.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the full width at half maximum Wy of the first luminance curve Uy and the full width at half maximum Wx of the second luminance curve Ux.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the polar angle (°), and the vertical axis indicates the normalized luminance.
  • the curve Uy is the first luminance curve
  • the curve Ux is the second luminance curve
  • the width Wy is the full width at half maximum of the first luminance curve Uy
  • the width Wx is the full width at half maximum of the second luminance curve Ux.
  • the full width at half maximum Wy of the first luminance curve Uy is smaller than the full width at half maximum Wx of the second luminance curve Ux.
  • the full width at half maximum Wy of the first luminance curve Uy exists in a range larger than the polar angle ⁇ 30 ° and smaller than 30 °, and is approximately half of the full width at half maximum Wx of the second luminance curve Ux. .
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the polar angle and the ideal backlight luminance in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° direction and the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the polar angle (°)
  • the vertical axis indicates the luminance (cd / m 2 ).
  • the curve Uy represents the first luminance curve
  • the curve Ux represents the second luminance curve.
  • the first luminance curve Uy has a shape in which the luminance decreases as the polar angle increases. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
  • the first luminance curve Uy has a shape in which the luminance decreases as the polar angle increases when the horizontal axis of the luminance distribution is the polar angle and the vertical axis is the luminance.
  • the brightness becomes smaller than the threshold Th when the polar angle exceeds the predetermined angle, and does not exceed the threshold Th after the predetermined angle is exceeded.
  • the threshold Th has a value of substantially 30% when the luminance when the polar angle is 0 ° is 100%.
  • the threshold Th is 900 (cd / m 2 ), which is substantially 30% of 3000 (cd / m 2 ). 2 ).
  • the first luminance curve Uy has a shape in which the luminance decreases as the polar angle increases, and the luminance is smaller than ⁇ 30 ° where the polar angle is a predetermined angle, or
  • the threshold value Th is smaller than 900 (cd / m 2 ) which is the threshold Th, and after the predetermined angle is smaller than ⁇ 30 °, or after being larger than 30 °, the threshold value Th. It does not exceed 900 (cd / m 2 ).
  • the first luminance curve Uy has a shape in which the luminance decreases as the polar angle increases, and the luminance increases on the high angle side of the polar angle, so-called luminance increase does not occur. .
  • the luminance distribution of the backlight 8 of this embodiment has a distribution similar to the ideal luminance distribution of the backlight.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating gamma characteristics when the azimuth angle is changed in a liquid crystal display device of a comparative example that does not include a light control member.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the polar angle (°), and the vertical axis indicates the gamma value.
  • the “gamma value” shown here is a local gamma calculated from the luminance ratio between the luminance at 128 gradations and the luminance at 255 gradations.
  • the local gamma ⁇ can be calculated by the above equation (1).
  • azimuth angle ⁇ 0 ° to 10 °
  • azimuth angle ⁇ 20 ° to 30 °
  • azimuth angle ⁇ 40 ° to 50 °
  • azimuth angle ⁇ 60 ° to 70 °
  • the gamma characteristic at ⁇ 90 ° is shown.
  • the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is 90 ° -270 °, as shown in FIG.
  • the viewing angle characteristics in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° to 10 ° direction are different from the viewing angle characteristics in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 80 ° to 90 ° direction.
  • the liquid crystal molecules are oriented so as to fall only in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 °.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing gamma characteristics when the azimuth angle is changed in a liquid crystal display device having an ideal backlight.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the polar angle (°), and the vertical axis indicates the gamma value.
  • the “gamma value” shown here is a local gamma calculated from the luminance ratio between the luminance at 128 gradations and the luminance at 255 gradations. Specifically, the local gamma ⁇ can be calculated by the above equation (1).
  • azimuth angle ⁇ 0 ° to 10 °
  • azimuth angle ⁇ 20 ° to 30 °
  • azimuth angle ⁇ 40 ° to 50 °
  • azimuth angle ⁇ 60 ° to 70 °
  • azimuth angle ⁇ 80 °
  • the gamma characteristic at ⁇ 90 ° is shown.
  • the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is 90 ° -270 °, as shown in FIG.
  • the change in characteristics is small.
  • the gamma characteristic at a polar angle ⁇ of 30 ° or more approaches the gamma characteristic at a polar angle ⁇ of 0 °. From this, it is understood that the color change when the liquid crystal display device is viewed from an oblique direction at an azimuth angle ⁇ of 80 ° to 90 ° is alleviated.
  • FIG. 16 shows the change in the gamma characteristic at the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° to 90 °, but the change in the gamma characteristic at the azimuth angle ⁇ : 180 ° to 270 ° is the same as that in FIG.
  • the pixel configuration in this embodiment employs the two-domain VA method.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 51 are oriented in a direction different from each other by 180 ° in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction.
  • ⁇ equivalent to the gamma characteristic at 270 °.
  • FIG. 15 shows changes in gamma characteristics at azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° to 90 °, but changes in gamma characteristics at azimuth angle ⁇ : 180 ° to 270 ° are the same as those in FIG.
  • the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules 51 are tilted when a voltage is applied that is, the direction D of the directors of the liquid crystal molecules and the minor axis direction of the light shielding layer 40 of the light control member 9 are substantially matched.
  • a control member 9 is arranged. Since the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules and the absorption axes P1 and P2 of the first polarizing plate 3 and the second polarizing plate 7 form an angle of 45 °, the short axis direction of the light shielding layer 40 of the light control member 9 and the first polarization The plate 3 and the absorption axes P1 and P2 of the second polarizing plate 7 form an angle of 45 °.
  • the rhombus that is the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 has absorption axes P ⁇ b> 1 and P ⁇ b> 2 of one of the first polarizing plate 3 and the second polarizing plate 7. It has a straight portion that makes an angle of less than 45 °. In the case of the present embodiment, this straight line portion corresponds to the four sides of the rhombus.
  • the traveling direction of the light is projected onto the xy plane, the light Lx incident from the x-axis direction and reflected by the reflecting surface 41c travels in the y-axis direction, enters from the y-axis direction, and is reflected by the reflecting surface.
  • the light Ly reflected by 41c has a high rate of traveling in the x-axis direction. Further, when the amount of light Lx that enters from the x-axis direction and travels in the y-axis direction is compared with the amount of light Ly that enters from the y-axis direction and travels in the x-axis direction, it enters from the x-axis direction. The amount of light Lx traveling in the y-axis direction is larger than the light Ly entering from the y-axis direction and traveling in the x-axis direction. The reason for this will be described below with reference to FIG.
  • FIGS. 17A to 17F show light-shielding layers having various shapes and arrangements and how light is reflected.
  • the traveling direction of light is indicated by an arrow. This arrow indicates the traveling direction of light on the xy plane, and the actual traveling of light.
  • the direction has a component in the z-axis direction.
  • the angles ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 are angles formed by the light incident direction and the light emitting direction when projected onto the xy plane.
  • a reflecting surface having an angle larger than 0 ° and smaller than 90 ° with respect to the x-axis may be used.
  • a planar light shielding layer 140 in which one side of a square is rotated by 45 ° with respect to the x axis and the y axis is considered.
  • the reflecting surface 141c makes an angle of 45 ° with respect to the x-axis.
  • the reflection surface 141c is arranged in the direction perpendicular to the formation surface of the light shielding layer 140 toward the back side of the paper surface of FIG.
  • the light L1 incident on the reflecting surface 141c from the negative side of the x axis toward the positive side is reflected by the reflecting surface 141c, changes the 90 ° direction on the xy plane, and travels in a direction parallel to the y axis. . That is, the angle ⁇ 1 formed by the incident direction and the emission direction of the light L1 projected onto the xy plane is 90 °.
  • the reflecting surface 141c is not arranged in the vertical direction with respect to the light shielding layer 140, but as shown in FIG.
  • the inner side of the light shielding layer 140 is inclined obliquely toward the back side toward the broken-line square (the outer shape of the hollow portion) shown inside the solid-line square.
  • the angle ⁇ 2 is smaller than 90 °, and the light L2 incident on the reflecting surface 141c from the negative side of the x axis toward the positive side is reflected by the reflecting surface 141c and then in a direction parallel to the y axis. It does not advance, but proceeds in a direction inclined to the negative side of the x axis from the direction parallel to the y axis.
  • FIGS. 17C and 17D let us consider a case where the diamond-shaped light shielding layer 40 is arranged so that the major axis direction is in the x-axis direction as in the present embodiment.
  • the angle ⁇ 3 is larger than 90 ° and the negative value of the x axis is negative.
  • the light L3 incident on the reflection surface 41c from the side toward the positive side is reflected by the reflection surface 41c and does not travel in the direction parallel to the y axis, but is closer to the positive side of the x axis than the direction parallel to the y axis. Proceed in a tilted direction. However, as shown in FIG. 17D, the actual reflecting surface 41c is inclined obliquely toward the broken rhombus (the outer shape of the hollow portion) shown inside the solid rhombus indicating the outer shape of the light shielding layer 40. is doing.
  • the angle ⁇ 4 can be set to 90 °, and the light L4 incident on the reflecting surface 41c from the negative side of the x axis toward the positive side is reflected by the reflecting surface 41c and then in a direction parallel to the y axis. move on.
  • FIGS. 17E and 17F a case is considered in which a diamond-shaped light shielding layer 40 is arranged so that the major axis direction is in the y-axis direction, unlike the present embodiment.
  • the angle ⁇ 5 is smaller than 90 ° and the negative value of the x axis is negative.
  • the light L5 incident on the reflecting surface 41c from the side toward the positive side is reflected by the reflecting surface 41c, and does not travel in the direction parallel to the y axis, but is closer to the negative side of the x axis than the direction parallel to the y axis. Proceed in a tilted direction.
  • the angle ⁇ 6 is further smaller than the angle ⁇ 5, and the reflecting surface is directed from the negative side of the x axis toward the positive side.
  • the light L6 incident on 141c is reflected by the reflecting surface 141c, and then travels in a direction inclined to the negative side of the x axis from the direction parallel to the y axis.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 140 is a square
  • the light shielding layer 40 having a rhombus shape is disposed so that the major axis direction is in the x-axis direction
  • the light shielding layer 40 having a rhombus shape in plan view is formed.
  • the amount of light incident on the reflecting surface from the direction parallel to the x-axis and traveling in the direction parallel to the y-axis is The number of cases in which the light shielding layer 40 having a rhombic planar shape is arranged so that the major axis direction faces the x-axis direction is the largest.
  • the light is incident from the x-axis direction.
  • the amount of light traveling in the y-axis direction is larger than the light traveling from the y-axis direction and traveling in the x-axis direction.
  • the light incident on the light control member 9 from the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° is emitted from the light diffusion portion 41 arranged corresponding to the planar shape of the diamond-shaped light shielding layer 40.
  • the light is reflected by the reflecting surface 41c and emitted in the direction of azimuth ⁇ : 90 ° -270 °.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ c of the light diffusing portion 41 is smaller than 90 ° (see FIG. 7), the polar angle ⁇ in the light traveling direction changes in a direction larger than that before entering the light control member 9. .
  • the light control member 9 is used to intentionally move light traveling in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° having inferior viewing angle characteristics. What is necessary is just to mix. Thereby, the difference of the viewing angle characteristic for every direction is relieved.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ that is the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51: 90 Viewing angle characteristics in the direction of ⁇ 270 ° are improved.
  • the viewing angle characteristics in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° perpendicular to the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted are good.
  • the backlight 8 and the light control member 9 it is possible to further improve the viewing angle characteristics in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 °, and to reduce the difference in viewing angle characteristics depending on the azimuth angle. Particularly in a high-definition display, the viewing angle characteristics can be improved while maintaining a high transmittance without complicating the structure in the cell.
  • a liquid crystal panel that performs display in a TN (TwistedwNematic) mode may be used, or a liquid crystal panel that performs display in other liquid crystal modes may be used.
  • a liquid crystal panel that performs display in the TN mode includes a configuration in which a negative-type liquid crystal layer having a hybrid alignment in which the left-right characteristics are superior to the vertical characteristics is used as the viewing angle compensation layer.
  • a WV film (trade name) manufactured by Fuji Film may be used as the negative liquid crystal layer.
  • the first alignment film has an alignment regulating force that horizontally aligns the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer
  • the second alignment film includes the liquid crystal molecules that constitute the liquid crystal layer.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39 is the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules
  • the first polarizing plate 3 and The second polarizing plate 7 has straight portions intersecting with the absorption axes P1 and P2.
  • (Manufacturing method of liquid crystal display device) 18 to 21 are perspective views showing the manufacturing process of the light control member 9 in order.
  • the manufacturing method of the light control member 9 constituting the liquid crystal display device 1 having the above configuration will be mainly described.
  • the outline of the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal panel 2 will be described first. First, the TFT substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 12 are respectively produced. Thereafter, the surface of the TFT substrate 10 on which the TFT 19 is formed and the surface of the color filter substrate 12 on which the color filter 31 is formed are arranged to face each other. Thereafter, the TFT substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 12 are bonded together via a seal member. Thereafter, liquid crystal is injected into a space surrounded by the TFT substrate 10, the color filter substrate 12, and the seal member. The first retardation film 4, the first polarizing plate 3, the second retardation film 6, and the second polarizing plate 7 are attached to both surfaces of the liquid crystal cell 5 thus formed using an optical adhesive or the like. Match. The liquid crystal panel 2 is completed through the above steps.
  • the manufacturing method of the TFT substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 12 may be a conventional method, and the description thereof is omitted.
  • a polyethylene terephthalate base material 39 having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m is prepared.
  • a black negative resist containing carbon as a light shielding layer material is applied to one surface of the substrate 39 using a slit coater.
  • the coating film 45 with a film thickness of 150 nm is formed.
  • the substrate 39 on which the coating film 45 is formed is heated with a heater, and the coating film 45 is pre-baked at a temperature of 90 ° C. Thereby, the solvent in the black negative resist is volatilized.
  • Exposure is performed by irradiating the coating film 45 with light L through a photomask 47 in which a plurality of opening patterns 46 having a rhombus shape, for example, are formed using an exposure apparatus.
  • an exposure apparatus using a mixed line of i-line having a wavelength of 365 nm, h-line having a wavelength of 404 nm, and g-line having a wavelength of 436 nm is used.
  • the exposure dose is 100 mJ / cm 2 .
  • the coating film 45 made of black negative resist is developed using a dedicated developer, dried at 100 ° C., and the planar shape is as shown in FIG. For example, a plurality of diamond-shaped light shielding layers 40 are formed on one surface of the base material 39.
  • the transparent negative resist is exposed using the light shielding layer 40 made of a black negative resist as a mask to form the hollow portion 42. Therefore, the position of the opening pattern 46 of the photomask 47 corresponds to the position where the hollow portion 42 is formed.
  • the light-shielding layer 40 having a rhombic planar shape corresponds to a non-formation region (hollow portion 42) of the light diffusion portion 41 in the next step.
  • the plurality of opening patterns 46 are all rhombus patterns.
  • the major axis and minor axis of the opening pattern 46 are composed of various sizes.
  • the arrangement of the intervals (pitch) between the adjacent opening patterns 46 is neither regular nor periodic.
  • the interval (pitch) between the opening patterns 46 is preferably smaller than the interval (pitch, for example, 60 ⁇ m) between the pixels of the liquid crystal panel 2.
  • the light shielding layer 40 is formed by a photolithography method using a black negative resist, but the present invention is not limited to this. In addition to this, if a photomask in which the opening pattern 46 and the light shielding pattern of the present embodiment are reversed is used, a positive resist having light absorption can also be used. Alternatively, the light shielding layer 40 may be directly formed using a vapor deposition method, a printing method, or the like.
  • the light shielding layer 140F includes a plurality of dot-like portions 140a as shown in FIG.
  • the dotted portion 140a is a minimum unit dot constituting a pattern formed by the printing apparatus.
  • the light shielding layer is not limited to a uniform film, and may be composed of an assembly of a plurality of minute regions.
  • a transparent negative resist made of an acrylic resin is applied to the upper surface of the light shielding layer 40 as a light diffusing portion material.
  • the coating film 48 with a film thickness of 20 ⁇ m is formed.
  • the base material 39 on which the coating film 48 is formed is heated with a heater, and the coating film 48 is pre-baked at a temperature of 95 ° C. Thereby, the solvent in the transparent negative resist is volatilized.
  • the coating film 48 is irradiated with diffused light F from the base material 39 side using the light shielding layer 40 as a mask to perform exposure.
  • an exposure apparatus using a mixed line of i-line having a wavelength of 365 nm, h-line having a wavelength of 404 nm, and g-line having a wavelength of 436 nm is used.
  • the exposure amount is 500 mJ / cm 2 .
  • the substrate 39 on which the coating film 48 is formed is heated with a heater, and post-exposure baking (PEB) of the coating film 48 is performed at a temperature of 95 ° C.
  • PEB post-exposure baking
  • the coating film 48 made of a transparent negative resist is developed using a dedicated developer, post-baked at 100 ° C., and a transparent resin layer (light diffusion portion) having a plurality of hollow portions 42 as shown in FIG. 41) is formed on one surface of the substrate 39.
  • a transparent resin layer light diffusion portion having a plurality of hollow portions 42 as shown in FIG. 41
  • the transparent negative resist constituting the coating film 48 is radially spread so as to spread outward from the non-formation region of the light shielding layer 40. To be exposed. Thereby, the forward tapered hollow portion 42 is formed.
  • the light diffusion portion 41 has a reverse tapered shape. The inclination angle of the reflection surface 41 c of the light diffusion portion 41 can be controlled by the degree of diffusion of the diffused light F.
  • the light F used here parallel light, diffused light, or light whose intensity at a specific emission angle is different from that at another emission angle, that is, light having strength at a specific emission angle can be used.
  • the inclination angle of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusing unit 41 becomes a single inclination angle of, for example, about 60 ° to 90 °.
  • the tilt angle changes continuously, and the cross-sectional shape becomes a curved inclined surface.
  • an inclined surface having a slope angle corresponding to the strength is obtained.
  • the inclination angle of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusing unit 41 can be adjusted. Thereby, it becomes possible to adjust the light diffusibility of the light control member 9 so that the target visibility can be obtained.
  • a diffusion plate having a haze of about 50 is arranged on the optical path of the light emitted from the exposure apparatus. You may irradiate light through. Further, when developing with a developer, the developer may be pressurized and sprayed onto a transparent negative resist to promote removal of unnecessary resist.
  • the total light transmittance of the light control member 9 is preferably 90% or more. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained, and the optical performance required for the light control member can be sufficiently exhibited.
  • the total light transmittance is as defined in JIS K7361-1. In the present embodiment, an example in which a liquid resist is used has been described, but a film resist may be used instead of this configuration.
  • the completed light control member 9 is placed with the base material 39 facing the viewing side and the light diffusion portion 41 facing the second polarizing plate 7 with the adhesive layer interposed therebetween. Then, it is attached to the liquid crystal panel 2.
  • a heat and pressure treatment may be performed.
  • the adhesion of the light control member 9 to the liquid crystal panel 2 is improved, and depending on the pressure, the inclination angle of the reflection surface 41c of the light diffusing portion 41 is reduced, and the light diffusibility is increased. it can.
  • a method for the heat and pressure treatment for example, an autoclave device, a warming laminator, or the like can be used.
  • the backlight 8 displays the amount of light emitted in a direction perpendicular to the director direction D of the liquid crystal molecules 51 as viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39.
  • a plurality of convex portions 90S are provided as a structure that increases the amount of light emitted in a direction parallel to the direction D of the director of the molecule 51, and the light control member 9 is disposed on the light emission side of the liquid crystal panel 2. Therefore, the light control member 9 mixes light with different orientations, so that the orientation dependency of the viewing angle characteristics is alleviated. Therefore, even if the observer tilts the line of sight from the front direction (normal direction) of the liquid crystal display device 1 to any direction, a good display can be visually recognized, and the liquid crystal display device has excellent viewing angle characteristics. 1 can be provided.
  • an interference fringe pattern is visually recognized when the period of each pattern is slightly shifted.
  • a light control member in which a plurality of light diffusion portions are arranged in a matrix and a liquid crystal panel in which a plurality of pixels are arranged in a matrix are overlapped, the periodic pattern by the light diffusion portions of the light control members and the liquid crystal panel.
  • the liquid crystal display device 1 of the present embodiment a plurality of light shielding layers 40 are randomly arranged in a plane. Further, the light diffusion portion 41 is formed in a region other than the region where the light shielding layer 40 is formed. Therefore, moire due to light interference does not occur with the regular arrangement of the pixels of the liquid crystal panel 2, and the display quality can be maintained.
  • the arrangement of the plurality of light shielding layers 40 is random, but the arrangement of the plurality of light shielding layers 40 is not necessarily random. If the arrangement of the plurality of light shielding layers 40 is aperiodic, the occurrence of moire can be suppressed. Further, when some moiré is allowed depending on the situation and application, a plurality of light shielding layers 40 may be periodically arranged.
  • the liquid crystal display device 1 In the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment, at least liquid crystal molecules among a plurality of luminance curves indicating the luminance distribution of light emitted from the backlight 8 in the azimuth angle direction viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39.
  • the curve Uy indicating the luminance distribution of light emitted in a direction parallel to the direction D of the director 51 and the curve Ux indicating the luminance distribution of light emitted in a direction perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 It has a two-fold symmetrical shape. Therefore, it is possible to reduce variations in luminance characteristics as compared with a case where the curve Uy and the curve Ux do not have a two-fold symmetrical shape (has an asymmetric shape).
  • the full width at half maximum Wy of the first luminance curve Uy is smaller than the full width at half maximum Wx of the second luminance curve Ux. Therefore, the luminance in the azimuth direction in which the change in the gamma characteristic depending on the polar angle of the liquid crystal panel is larger than in the case where the full width at half maximum Wy of the first luminance curve Uy is larger than the full width at half maximum Wx of the second luminance curve Ux.
  • the distribution can be narrowed to the low angle side. Therefore, the viewing angle characteristic in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° is improved, and the difference in viewing angle characteristic due to the azimuth angle can be reduced.
  • the first luminance curve Uy has a shape in which the luminance decreases as the polar angle increases when the horizontal axis of the luminance distribution is the polar angle and the vertical axis is the luminance.
  • the luminance is smaller than the threshold Th when the polar angle exceeds the predetermined angle, and does not exceed the threshold Th after the predetermined angle is exceeded. For this reason, it is possible to suppress an increase in luminance in the azimuth direction in which the gamma characteristic change depending on the polar angle of the liquid crystal panel is large due to the increase in luminance. Therefore, the viewing angle characteristic in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° is improved, and the difference in viewing angle characteristic due to the azimuth angle can be reduced.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 40 is a rhombus, but is not limited thereto.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer is such that two parallel straight portions intersecting the director direction D of the liquid crystal molecules 51 or straight portions having a finite width intersecting the director direction D of the liquid crystal molecules 51. May be included.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer may be a polygon other than a rhombus.
  • the light-shielding layer including two parallel straight portions intersecting the director direction D of the liquid crystal molecules 51 has a straight portion that has a square planar shape and obliquely intersects the x-axis and the y-axis.
  • a light shielding layer may be used. Or you may arrange
  • the “rhombus” referred to in the present invention is a quadrilateral whose four sides are approximately equal in length, and is not only a quadrangle whose four inner angles are not 90 °, but a quadrangle whose four inner angles are 90 °, that is, a square. It is a concept that includes
  • the planar shape is X-shaped and obliquely intersects the x-axis and the y-axis.
  • a light shielding layer having a first straight portion and a second straight portion may be used.
  • FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a backlight 108 according to another example of the first embodiment.
  • the basic configuration of the backlight 108 shown in FIG. 23 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the configuration of the prism sheet in the backlight is different from that of the first embodiment. Therefore, in this embodiment, the description of the basic configuration of the backlight is omitted, and the prism sheet is described.
  • the prism sheet 90 is a structure having a plane (yz) perpendicular to the end surface 37a of the light guide 37 and perpendicular to the upper surface 37b of the light guide 37, as shown in FIG.
  • a plurality of convex portions 90S that are triangular in cross section and extend in a direction parallel to the end surface 37a and perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 and project toward the upper surface 37b of the light guide 37. It was equipped with.
  • the prism sheet 91 is cut as a structure in a plane (yz plane) perpendicular to the end surface 37a of the light guide 37 and perpendicular to the upper surface 37b of the light guide 37.
  • the cross section is triangular and extends in a direction parallel to the end face 37a and perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 and faces the liquid crystal panel 2 (see FIG. 1) (the convex portion of the first embodiment)
  • a plurality of convex portions 91S that protrude toward the opposite side of the projecting direction of 90S are provided.
  • a 3M BEF sheet (trade name) is used for the prism sheet 91.
  • the backlight 108 including the prism sheet 91 Even when the backlight 108 including the prism sheet 91 is used, a change in gamma characteristics when the display screen is viewed obliquely in any direction can be suppressed, and a liquid crystal display device excellent in viewing angle characteristics can be realized. . However, when the backlight 108 including the prism sheet 91 is used, an increase in luminance that hardly occurs when the backlight 8 of the first embodiment is used may occur. Hereinafter, the luminance increase in the backlight 108 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the relationship between the polar angle in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° to 270 ° of the liquid crystal display device according to another example of the first embodiment and the normalized luminance of the backlight 108.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the polar angle (°)
  • the vertical axis indicates the normalized luminance (%).
  • a curve Uy represents a first luminance curve.
  • the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is 90 ° -270 °, as shown in FIG.
  • the first luminance curve Uy has a shape in which the luminance decreases as the polar angle increases.
  • FIG. 24 in the luminance distribution of the backlight 108, the first luminance curve Uy has a shape in which the luminance decreases as the polar angle increases. However, as shown in FIG.
  • the first luminance curve Uy has a shape in which the normalized luminance decreases as the polar angle increases when the horizontal axis of the luminance distribution is the polar angle and the vertical axis is the normalized luminance.
  • the normalized luminance is smaller than the threshold Th when the polar angle exceeds the predetermined angle, and exceeds the threshold Th after exceeding the predetermined angle.
  • Threshold value Th has a value of substantially 30% when the luminance when the polar angle is 0 ° is 100%.
  • the first luminance curve Uy has a shape in which the luminance decreases as the polar angle increases, and the luminance is smaller than ⁇ 30 ° where the polar angle is a predetermined angle, or
  • the threshold value Th is smaller than 30 (%), which is the threshold value Th, and after being smaller than the predetermined angle ⁇ 30 °, or after being larger than 30 °, the threshold value Th is 30 ( %).
  • the threshold value Th is 30 ( %).
  • region Fp luminance increase
  • the normalized luminance exceeds the threshold Th on the high angle side of the polar angle.
  • one of the objects is that there is no region Fp (luminance increase) in which the normalized luminance exceeds the threshold Th in the luminance distribution of the backlight.
  • FIGS. 25 and 26 a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 25 and 26.
  • the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the configuration of the backlight is different from that of the first embodiment. Therefore, in this embodiment, the description of the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device is omitted, and the backlight is described.
  • FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the backlight 208 of the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 25, the backlight 208 of the present embodiment is different from the configuration of the backlight 8 of the first embodiment.
  • the backlight 8 of the first embodiment nothing is provided above the prism sheet 90, and the light emitted from the prism sheet 90 is incident on the liquid crystal panel 2 as it is. .
  • the first light scattering sheet 92 is provided above the prism sheet 90, so that the light emitted from the prism sheet 90 is It is configured to enter the liquid crystal panel 2 through the first light scattering sheet 92.
  • the first light scattering sheet 92 anisotropically scatters the light emitted from the prism sheet 90. Specifically, the first light scattering sheet 92 scatters the light emitted from the prism sheet 90 in a direction perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51. The light emitted from the prism sheet 90 is scattered by the first light scattering sheet 92 and then enters the liquid crystal panel 2. Note that the first light scattering sheet 92 may be optically bonded to the upper surface of the prism sheet 90.
  • the operation of the backlight 208 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 26 shows the relationship between the polar angle and the normalized luminance of the backlight 208 in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° direction and the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction of the liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the polar angle (°)
  • the vertical axis indicates the normalized luminance.
  • a curve Ux shows the luminance characteristic in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 °
  • a curve Uy shows the luminance characteristic in the direction of azimuth angle 90 ° -270 °.
  • the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is 90 ° -270 °, as shown in FIG.
  • the viewing angle characteristics of the light control member 9 are The improvement effect can be further enhanced.
  • the second luminance curve Ux can be expanded in the direction of the arrow V1 shown in FIG.
  • the full width at half maximum Wx of the second luminance curve Ux is approximately twice the full width at half maximum Wy of the first luminance curve Uy.
  • the full width at half maximum Wx of the second luminance curve Ux can be made larger than twice the full width at half maximum Wy of the first luminance curve Uy.
  • a first light scattering sheet 92 that scatters the light emitted from the prism sheet 90 in a direction perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is provided above the prism sheet 90.
  • the full width at half maximum Wx of the second luminance curve Ux can be made larger than twice the full width at half maximum Wy of the first luminance curve Uy.
  • the luminance distribution in the azimuth direction in which the gamma characteristic change depending on the polar angle of the liquid crystal panel is small can be widened to the high angle side. Therefore, the viewing angle characteristic in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° is improved, and the difference in viewing angle characteristic due to the azimuth angle can be reduced.
  • FIGS. 27 and 28 The basic configuration of the backlight 208A shown in FIG. 27 is the same as that of the second embodiment, and the arrangement of the components of the backlight is different from that of the second embodiment. Therefore, description of the basic configuration of the backlight 208A is omitted, and the arrangement of the configuration of the backlight will be described.
  • FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a backlight 208A of another example of the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 27, the backlight 208A is different in the arrangement of components from the backlight 208 of the second embodiment.
  • the end surface 37a of the light guide 37 facing the light source 36 is disposed on a surface parallel to the xz plane, and the convex portion 90S of the prism sheet 90 is guided.
  • a cross section cut by a plane (yz plane) perpendicular to the end surface 37a of the body 37 and perpendicular to the upper surface 37b of the light guide 37 is triangular, parallel to the end surface 37a and perpendicular to the director direction D of the liquid crystal molecules 51 And a convex portion toward the upper surface 37 b of the light guide 37.
  • the end surface 37a of the light guide 37 facing the light source 36 is disposed on a surface parallel to the yz plane, and the convex portion 90S of the prism sheet 90 is the light guide.
  • the cross section cut by a plane (xz plane) perpendicular to the end surface 37a of the light guide 37 and perpendicular to the upper surface 37b of the light guide 37 is triangular, parallel to the end surface 37a and parallel to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51. It is configured to extend and to protrude toward the upper surface 37 b of the light guide 37. That is, in the backlight 208A shown in FIG. 27, the light source 36, the light guide 37, and the prism sheet 90, which are constituent elements of the backlight, are rotated by 90 ° around the z axis with respect to the backlight 208 of the second embodiment. It is configured.
  • FIG. 28 shows the polar angle and the normalized luminance of the backlight 208A in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° direction and the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction of the liquid crystal display device in another example of the second embodiment. It is a figure which shows the relationship.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the polar angle (°)
  • the vertical axis indicates the normalized luminance.
  • the curve Ux shows the luminance characteristic in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 °
  • the curve Uy shows the luminance characteristic in the direction of the azimuth angle 90 ° -270 °.
  • the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is 90 ° -270 °, as shown in FIG.
  • the light control member 9 improves the viewing angle characteristics by relatively increasing the amount of light emitted in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 to 180 °. Can be further enhanced.
  • the light source 36, the light guide 37, and the prism sheet 90 which are constituent elements of the backlight, are configured to be rotated by 90 ° about the z axis.
  • the full width at half maximum of the first luminance curve Uy is larger than the full width at half maximum of the second luminance curve Ux in the azimuth angle direction viewed from the normal direction of the base material 39. It is getting bigger. Therefore, when the light control member 9 is not used, the full width at half maximum to some extent is obtained in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction (direction parallel to the director direction D of the liquid crystal molecules 51), which is relatively inferior in viewing angle characteristics. Can be secured.
  • the first light scattering sheet 92 is provided above the prism sheet 90, the light emitted from the prism sheet 90 is the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51. Scattered in a direction perpendicular to the direction D. Therefore, the second luminance curve Ux can be expanded in the direction of the arrow V1 shown in FIG.
  • the first light scattering sheet shows that the full width at half maximum of the first luminance curve Uy is larger than the full width at half maximum of the second luminance curve Ux.
  • the full width at half maximum of the second luminance curve Ux can be made larger than the full width at half maximum of the first luminance curve Uy.
  • a display image excellent in viewing angle characteristics is suppressed by suppressing a change in gamma characteristics when the display screen is viewed obliquely in any orientation. Can be realized. Furthermore, by changing the scattering intensity of the first light scattering sheet 92, the full width at half maximum of the curves Ux and Uy can be controlled in accordance with the characteristics of the liquid crystal panel.
  • the first light scattering sheet shows that the full width at half maximum of the first luminance curve Uy is larger than the full width at half maximum of the second luminance curve Ux.
  • the full width at half maximum of the second luminance curve Ux can be made larger than the full width at half maximum of the first luminance curve Uy.
  • the viewing angle characteristics in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction are improved, the difference in viewing angle characteristics due to the azimuth angle can be reduced, and the full width at half maximum in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction. Can be suppressed from becoming too small.
  • FIG. 29 is a perspective view of the backlight 308 of the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 29, the backlight 308 of the present embodiment is different in the configuration of the first light scattering sheet from the backlight 208 of the second embodiment.
  • the first light-scattering sheet 92 has a rectangular sheet shape as shown in FIG.
  • the first light scattering sheet 93 is a surface on the side facing the liquid crystal panel 2 (see FIG. 1) (the protrusion of the convex portion 90S). It is set as the structure which has several convex part 93S which makes a convex toward a direction (opposite direction).
  • a cross section cut along a plane (xz plane) parallel to the end surface 37a of the light guide 37 and perpendicular to the upper surface 37b of the light guide 37 has a curvature.
  • the convex portion 93S has an upward convex curve shape.
  • the curvature of each convex part 93S has a fixed magnitude
  • a lenticular lens is used as the first light scattering sheet 93.
  • the first light scattering sheet 93 may be optically bonded to the upper surface of the prism sheet 90.
  • the full width at half maximum of the curves Ux and Uy can be controlled in accordance with the characteristics of the liquid crystal panel by changing the structure of the convex portion 93S (for example, the curvature, the width and pitch of the convex portion) in the first light scattering sheet 93. Is possible.
  • a first light scattering sheet 93 that scatters light emitted from the prism sheet 90 in a direction perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is provided above the prism sheet 90. Therefore, as compared with the first embodiment, the luminance distribution in the azimuth direction in which the gamma characteristic change depending on the polar angle of the liquid crystal panel is small can be widened to the high angle side. Therefore, the viewing angle characteristic in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° is improved, and the difference in viewing angle characteristic due to the azimuth angle can be reduced.
  • the basic configuration of the backlight 308A shown in FIG. 30 is the same as that of the third embodiment, and the arrangement of the components of the backlight is different from that of the third embodiment. Therefore, description of the basic configuration of the backlight 308A is omitted, and the arrangement of the configuration of the backlight will be described.
  • FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a backlight 308A of another example of the third embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 30, the backlight 308 ⁇ / b> A is different in the arrangement of the components from the backlight 308 of the third embodiment.
  • the end surface 37a of the light guide 37 facing the light source 36 is disposed on a plane parallel to the xz plane, and the prism sheet 90 is the same as in the second embodiment.
  • the convex section 90S of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is a cross section cut in a plane (yz plane) perpendicular to the end surface 37a of the light guide 37 and perpendicular to the upper surface 37b of the light guide 37, parallel to the end surface 37a. It is configured to extend in a direction perpendicular to the direction D of the light and to protrude toward the upper surface 37 b of the light guide 37.
  • the end surface 37a of the light guide 37 facing the light source 36 is disposed on a plane parallel to the yz plane
  • the convex section 90S of the prism sheet 90 has a triangular cross section cut along a plane (xz plane) perpendicular to the end surface 37a of the light guide 37 and perpendicular to the upper surface 37b of the light guide 37, and is parallel to the end surface 37a. It is configured to extend in a direction parallel to the direction D of the director 51 and to protrude toward the upper surface 37 b of the light guide 37. That is, in the backlight 308A shown in FIG. 30, the light source 36, the light guide 37, and the prism sheet 90 that are constituent elements of the backlight are rotated by 90 ° around the z axis with respect to the backlight 308 of the third embodiment. It is configured.
  • a display image excellent in viewing angle characteristics is suppressed by suppressing a change in gamma characteristics when the display screen is viewed obliquely in any orientation.
  • the full width at half maximum of the curves Ux and Uy can be controlled in accordance with the characteristics of the liquid crystal panel by changing the structure of the convex portion 93S (for example, the curvature, the width and pitch of the convex portion) in the first light scattering sheet 93. Is possible.
  • the full width at half maximum of the first luminance curve Uy is larger than the full width at half maximum of the second luminance curve Ux.
  • the full width at half maximum of the second luminance curve Ux can be made larger than the full width at half maximum of the first luminance curve Uy (see FIG. 28).
  • the viewing angle characteristics in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction are improved, the difference in viewing angle characteristics due to the azimuth angle can be reduced, and the full width at half maximum in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction. Can be suppressed from becoming too small.
  • FIGS. 31 and 32 a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 31 and 32.
  • the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the configuration of the backlight is different from that of the first embodiment. Therefore, in this embodiment, the description of the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device is omitted, and the backlight is described.
  • FIG. 31 is a perspective view of the backlight 408 of the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 31, the backlight 408 of the present embodiment is different from the configuration of the backlight 108 of the first embodiment.
  • the backlight 408 of the present embodiment is provided with a light shielding sheet 94 above the prism sheet 91, so that light emitted from the prism sheet 91 passes through the light shielding sheet 94. Through the liquid crystal panel 2.
  • the light shielding sheet 94 blocks a part of the light emitted from the prism sheet 91.
  • the light shielding sheet 94 has a length in a direction perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 and a plurality of light shielding members arranged at intervals in a direction parallel to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51. 94a.
  • the width of the light shield 94a is constant, and the interval between adjacent light shields 94a is also constant.
  • a light transmitting portion 94b that transmits light emitted from the prism sheet 91 is disposed between the plurality of light shielding bodies 94a.
  • a uniaxial louver is used for the light shielding sheet 94.
  • FIG. 32 shows the relationship between the polar angle and the normalized luminance of the backlight 408 in the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° direction and the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° direction of the liquid crystal display device in the fourth embodiment.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the polar angle (°)
  • the vertical axis indicates the normalized luminance.
  • a curve Ux shows the luminance characteristic in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 °
  • a curve Uy shows the luminance characteristic in the direction of azimuth angle 90 ° -270 °.
  • the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is 90 ° -270 °, as shown in FIG.
  • the viewing angle characteristics of the light control member 9 are The improvement effect can be further enhanced.
  • the full width at half maximum of the first luminance curve Uy is smaller than the full width at half maximum of the second luminance curve Ux in the azimuth angle direction viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 39.
  • the component of the light emitted from the prism sheet 91 has a component in a direction parallel to the director direction D of the liquid crystal molecules 51. Part is blocked. Therefore, the first luminance curve Uy can be narrowed in the direction of the arrow V2 shown in FIG. As a result, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG.
  • a region Fp luminance increase in which the normalized luminance exceeds the threshold value Th in the luminance distribution of the backlight 108 is changed to the fourth In the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 32, it is possible to suppress an increase in luminance in the luminance distribution of the backlight 408. Note that, by adjusting the arrangement angle and arrangement interval of the light shields 94a in the light shielding sheet 94, the range in which the first luminance curve Uy is narrowed in the direction of the arrow V2 shown in FIG. 32 can be adjusted.
  • a light shielding sheet 94 is provided above the prism sheet 91 to block a part of the light emitted from the prism sheet 91 in a direction parallel to the director direction D of the liquid crystal molecules 51. ing. Therefore, the first luminance curve Uy can be narrowed in the direction of the arrow V2 shown in FIG. 32, and the occurrence of luminance increase in the luminance distribution of the backlight 408 can be suppressed. Therefore, as compared with the first embodiment, it is possible to maintain lower luminance in the area KA shown in FIG. Therefore, the viewing angle characteristic is greatly improved particularly in the high angle direction in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 °, and the difference in viewing angle characteristic due to the azimuth angle can be reduced.
  • FIGS. 33 and 34 a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 33 and 34.
  • the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the configuration of the backlight is different from that of the first embodiment. Therefore, in this embodiment, the description of the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device is omitted, and the backlight is described.
  • FIG. 33 is a perspective view of the backlight 508 of the fifth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 33, the backlight 508 of the present embodiment is different from the configuration of the backlight 108 of the first embodiment.
  • the apex angle on the side facing the liquid crystal panel 2 (see FIG. 1) in the convex portion 91S is an angle (acute angle) smaller than 90 °.
  • the apex angle K on the side facing the liquid crystal panel 2 in the convex portion 95S is larger than 90 ° and smaller than 180 ° ( Obtuse).
  • the size of the apex angle K of the convex portion 95S is constant.
  • the apex angle K of the convex portion 95S is, for example, 100 ° or 110 °.
  • FIG. 34 shows the relationship between the polar angle in the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° of the liquid crystal display device and the normalized luminance of the backlight 508 when the apex angle of the convex portion of the prism sheet is changed.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the polar angle (°)
  • the vertical axis indicates the normalized luminance (%).
  • FIG. 34 shows the luminance distribution of the backlight at an apex angle of 90 °, an apex angle of 100 °, and an apex angle of 110 °.
  • the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is 90 ° -270 °, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG.
  • the apex angle when the apex angle is 90 °, the luminance decreases as the polar angle increases, but the normalized luminance becomes smaller than the threshold Th when the polar angle exceeds a predetermined angle, and The threshold Th is exceeded after exceeding a predetermined angle.
  • the threshold Th has a value of substantially 0.3 when the normalized luminance when the polar angle is 0 ° is 1.
  • the polar angle When the polar angle is 90 °, it has the same shape as the luminance distribution (first luminance curve Uy) of the backlight 108 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the apex angles are 100 ° and 110 °
  • the luminance decreases as the polar angle increases, and the normalized luminance becomes smaller than the threshold Th when the polar angle exceeds a predetermined angle.
  • the threshold value Th is not exceeded after exceeding a predetermined angle.
  • the apex angle K on the side facing the liquid crystal panel 2 in the convex portion 95S is an obtuse angle, this corresponds to the case of the apex angles of 100 ° and 110 shown in FIG. Can narrow in the direction.
  • the light distribution characteristics of the backlight may be adjusted as necessary.
  • the light distribution characteristics of the backlight can be adjusted by combining the prism sheet 95 of the present embodiment and the first light scattering sheet described above.
  • the apex angle K on the side facing the liquid crystal panel 2 in the convex portion 95S of the prism sheet 95 is an obtuse angle. Therefore, the first luminance curve Uy can be narrowed in the direction of the arrow V3 shown in FIG. 34, and an increase in luminance can be suppressed in the luminance distribution of the backlight 508. Therefore, the viewing angle characteristic in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° is improved, and the difference in viewing angle characteristic due to the azimuth angle can be reduced.
  • FIG. 35 is a perspective view of the backlight 608 of the sixth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 35, the backlight 608 of the present embodiment is different from the configuration of the backlight 108 of the first embodiment.
  • the backlight 108 of the first embodiment nothing is provided above the prism sheet 91, and the light emitted from the prism sheet 91 is directly incident on the liquid crystal panel 2. .
  • the sheet 96 is provided above the prism sheet 91, so that the light emitted from the prism sheet 91 passes through the sheet 96.
  • the liquid crystal panel 2 is configured to be incident.
  • the sheet 96 transmits P-polarized light (first polarized light) of the light emitted from the prism sheet 91 toward the liquid crystal panel 2 and reflects S-polarized light (second polarized light) toward the prism sheet 91.
  • the sheet 96 has a transmission axis Qx in a direction perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51.
  • the sheet 96 is, for example, a reflective polarizing plate.
  • a 3M D-BEF sheet (trade name) is used.
  • the sheet 96 transmits the P-polarized light (first polarized light) of the light emitted from the prism sheet 91 toward the liquid crystal panel 2 and the S-polarized light (second polarized light) to the prism sheet 91. Since it reflects toward the first direction, as shown in FIG. 34, the first luminance curve Uy can be narrowed in the direction of the arrow V3. As a result, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG.
  • a region Fp luminance increase in which the normalized luminance exceeds the threshold value Th in the luminance distribution of the backlight 108 exists.
  • the occurrence of a luminance increase in the luminance distribution of the backlight 608 can be suppressed.
  • the P-polarized light (first polarized light) of the light emitted from the prism sheet 91 is transmitted toward the liquid crystal panel 2 and the S-polarized light (second polarized light) is directed toward the prism sheet 91.
  • a sheet 96 that reflects light Therefore, the first luminance curve Uy can be narrowed in the direction of the arrow V3 shown in FIG. 34, and an increase in luminance can be suppressed in the luminance distribution of the backlight 608. Therefore, the viewing angle characteristic in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° is improved, and the difference in viewing angle characteristic due to the azimuth angle can be reduced.
  • S-polarized light (second polarized light) is reflected by the sheet 96 and returns to the prism sheet 91.
  • the light emitted from the prism sheet 91 is recycled, so that the light use efficiency can be improved.
  • the sheet 96 may also serve as the first polarizing plate 3.
  • the first polarizing plate 3 transmits the P-polarized light (first polarized light) of the light emitted from the prism sheet 91 toward the liquid crystal panel 2 and the S-polarized light (second polarized light).
  • the first polarizing plate 3 may be provided.
  • the seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
  • the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the configuration of the backlight is different from that of the first embodiment. Therefore, in this embodiment, the description of the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device is omitted, and the backlight is described.
  • FIG. 36 is a perspective view of the backlight 708 of the seventh embodiment. As shown in FIG. 36, the backlight 708 of the present embodiment is different from the configuration of the backlight 8 of the first embodiment.
  • the light source 36 is a so-called edge light type backlight in which the light source 36 is disposed on the end surface 37 a of the light guide 37.
  • the backlight 708 of this embodiment is not provided with a light guide, and the light source 736 is on the liquid crystal panel 2 side of the base 737 (the liquid crystal panel 2 shown in FIG. 2). This is a so-called direct-type backlight that is disposed directly under the light source).
  • the prism sheet 90 is provided above the light guide 37.
  • the prism sheet 90 is not provided above the base 737, and the second light scattering sheet 97 and the light shielding sheet 94 are provided above the base 737. It has been.
  • the light source 736 is disposed on the upper surface 737 a of the base 737.
  • the base 737 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • the base 737 functions as an installation base for installing the light source 736 on the upper surface 737a.
  • a resin material such as an acrylic resin is used as a material of the base 737.
  • the light source 736 is disposed immediately below the liquid crystal panel 2 shown in FIG.
  • the light source 736 emits light toward the liquid crystal panel 2.
  • a plurality of light sources 736 are arranged in parallel with each side of the base 737 with a predetermined interval.
  • the light source 736 for example, a light emitting diode is used.
  • the second light scattering sheet 97 isotropically scatters the light emitted from the light source 736. Specifically, the second light scattering sheet 97 scatters the light emitted from each light source 736 so as to have a uniform luminance distribution on the xy plane parallel to the upper surface 737a of the base 737. The light emitted from the light source 736 is isotropically scattered by the second light scattering sheet 97 and then enters the light shielding sheet 94.
  • the light shielding sheet 94 has the same configuration as that of the fourth embodiment, and blocks a part of the light emitted from the second scattering sheet 97.
  • the light shielding sheet 94 has a length in a direction perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 and a plurality of light shielding members arranged at intervals in a direction parallel to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51. 94a.
  • the width of the light shield 94a is constant, and the interval between adjacent light shields 94a is also constant.
  • a light transmitting portion 94b that transmits light isotropically scattered by the second scattering sheet 97 is disposed between the plurality of light shielding bodies 94a.
  • a uniaxial louver is used for the light shielding sheet 94.
  • the light in the direction parallel to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51 out of the light scattered isotropically by the second light scattering sheet 97 above the second light scattering sheet 97.
  • a light shielding sheet 94 that shields a part of the components is provided. Therefore, as in the fourth embodiment, it is possible to suppress an increase in luminance in the luminance distribution of the backlight 708, and it is possible to maintain a lower luminance in the area KA shown in FIG. Therefore, the viewing angle characteristic is greatly improved particularly in the high angle direction in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 °, and the difference in viewing angle characteristic due to the azimuth angle can be reduced.
  • a second light scattering sheet 97 that isotropically scatters light emitted from the light source 736 is provided between the light source 736 and the light shielding sheet 94. Therefore, even if a plurality of light sources 736 are arranged in parallel with each side of the base 737 at a predetermined interval, before the light emitted from each light source 736 enters the light shielding sheet 94, the upper surface of the base 737 It becomes possible to scatter so as to have a uniform luminance distribution on the xy plane parallel to 737a.
  • the eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
  • the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is the same as that of the seventh embodiment, and the configuration of the backlight is different from that of the seventh embodiment. Therefore, in this embodiment, the description of the basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device is omitted, and the backlight is described.
  • FIG. 37 is a perspective view of the backlight 808 of the eighth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 37, the backlight 808 of the present embodiment is different from the configuration of the backlight 708 of the seventh embodiment.
  • the light shielding sheet 94 is provided above the second light scattering sheet 97.
  • the backlight 808 of the present embodiment is provided with a first light scattering sheet 92 above the second light scattering sheet 97.
  • the first light scattering sheet 92 has the same configuration as that of the second embodiment and scatters the light emitted from the second light scattering sheet 97 anisotropically. Specifically, the first light scattering sheet 92 scatters the light scattered isotropically by the second light scattering sheet 97 in a direction perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51. The light isotropically scattered by the second light scattering sheet 97 is anisotropically scattered by the first light scattering sheet 92 and then enters the liquid crystal panel 2. Note that the first light scattering sheet 92 may be optically bonded to the upper surface of the second light scattering sheet 97.
  • the light scattered isotropically by the second light scattering sheet 97 is scattered above the second light scattering sheet 97 in a direction perpendicular to the direction D of the director of the liquid crystal molecules 51.
  • a first light scattering sheet 92 is provided.
  • the full width at half maximum Wx of the second luminance curve Ux can be made larger than the full width at half maximum Wy of the first luminance curve Uy. Therefore, as in the second embodiment, the luminance distribution in the azimuth direction in which the gamma characteristic change depending on the polar angle of the liquid crystal panel is small can be widened to the high angle side. Therefore, the viewing angle characteristic in the direction of azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° is improved, and the difference in viewing angle characteristic due to the azimuth angle can be reduced.
  • a second light scattering sheet 97 that isotropically scatters the light emitted from the light source 736 is provided between the light source 736 and the first light scattering sheet 92. Therefore, similarly to the seventh embodiment, even if a plurality of light sources 736 are arranged in parallel with each side of the base 737 with a predetermined interval, the light emitted from each light source 736 is converted into the first light scattering sheet 92. Before being incident, the light can be scattered so as to have a uniform luminance distribution on the xy plane parallel to the upper surface 737a of the base 737.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of the first to eighth embodiments described above can be applied to various electronic devices.
  • electronic devices including the liquid crystal display devices of the first to eighth embodiments will be described with reference to FIGS. 38 to 40.
  • FIG. The liquid crystal display devices of the first to eighth embodiments described above can be applied to, for example, a thin television shown in FIG.
  • a thin television 250 illustrated in FIG. 38 includes a display portion 251, a speaker 252, a cabinet 253, a stand 254, and the like.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of the first to eighth embodiments described above can be suitably applied.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of the first to eighth embodiments described above can be applied to, for example, the smartphone 240 shown in FIG.
  • a smartphone 240 illustrated in FIG. 39 includes a voice input unit 241, a voice output unit 242, an operation switch 244, a display unit 245, a touch panel 243, a housing 246, and the like.
  • the display unit 245 the liquid crystal display devices of the first to eighth embodiments described above can be suitably applied.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of the first to eighth embodiments described above can be applied to, for example, a notebook computer 270 shown in FIG.
  • a notebook computer 270 illustrated in FIG. 55 includes a display portion 271, a keyboard 272, a touch pad 273, a main switch 274, a camera 275, a recording medium slot 276, a housing 277, and the like.
  • the display unit 271 the liquid crystal display devices of the first to eighth embodiments described above can be suitably applied.
  • the case where the azimuth angle direction in which the gamma characteristic change depending on the polar angle of the liquid crystal panel is large and the minor axis direction of the light shielding layer of the light control member are deviated by about ⁇ 5 ° is also included in the technical scope in the aspect of the present invention. It is.
  • the liquid crystal panel has a liquid crystal molecule director in a middle region of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer when a voltage is applied in the first direction and in different directions.
  • the optimum design value of the above-mentioned angle is 45 °, but it may be slightly deviated from the optimum value of 45 ° due to the configuration in the panel and the manufacturing process.
  • the light transmittance is expected to decrease by about 10%, but when it deviates greatly by more than 5 °, the rate of decrease in the transmittance increases significantly, affecting the display performance. It is to do.
  • At least one of an antireflection structure, a polarizing filter layer, an antistatic layer, an antiglare treatment layer, and an antifouling treatment layer is provided on the viewing side of the base material of the light control member. May be. According to this configuration, it is possible to add a function to reduce external light reflection, a function to prevent the adhesion of dust and dirt, a function to prevent scratches, and the like according to the type of layer provided on the viewing side of the substrate. Further, it is possible to prevent deterioration of viewing angle characteristics with time.
  • the antireflection structure a configuration in which an antiglare layer is provided on the viewing side of the base material of the light control member may be used.
  • the antiglare layer for example, a dielectric multilayer film that cancels external light using light interference is used.
  • a so-called moth-eye structure may be provided on the viewing side of the base material of the light control member.
  • the moth-eye structure includes the following structures and shapes.
  • the moth-eye structure is a concavo-convex shape with a period equal to or less than the wavelength of visible light, and is a shape or structure using the principle of a so-called “Moth-eye” configuration.
  • the two-dimensional size of the convex portions constituting the concavo-convex pattern is 10 nm or more and less than 500 nm. Reflection is suppressed by continuously changing the refractive index for light incident on the base material from the refractive index of the incident medium (air) to the refractive index of the base material along the depth direction of the unevenness.
  • the shape of the hollow part or the light-diffusion part was made into the shape of a quadrangular pyramid, other shapes may be sufficient.
  • the inclination angle of the reflection surface of the light diffusing portion is not necessarily symmetric about the optical axis.
  • the shape of the hollow part or the light diffusing part is a quadrangular pyramid shape as in the above embodiment, the inclination angle of the reflecting surface of the light diffusing part is axisymmetric about the optical axis. A line-symmetric angular distribution is obtained as the center.
  • the inclination angle of the reflection surface of the light diffusing unit may be asymmetric.
  • the areas of the two domains may be different, and the director direction of the liquid crystal molecules may not be completely different by 180 °.
  • the present invention is applied when there are at least two domains in a pixel, and there may be three or more domains.
  • the minor axis direction of the light shielding layer of the light control member may be arranged in accordance with the azimuth direction in which the viewing angle characteristics are desired to be improved.
  • one pixel PX of the liquid crystal panel 2 has three sub-pixels of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) having a rectangular shape.
  • An example in which the three sub-pixels are configured by pixels and arranged in the horizontal direction (arrow H direction) with the long-side direction directed in the vertical direction (arrow V direction) of the screen is shown.
  • the arrangement of the sub-pixels is not limited to this example.
  • the three sub-pixels R, G, and B are oriented in the horizontal direction (arrow H direction) on the long side. May be arranged in the vertical direction (arrow V direction).
  • one pixel of the liquid crystal panel 2 is a rectangular sub-pixel of red (R), green (G), blue (B), and yellow (Y).
  • the four subpixels may be arranged in the horizontal direction (arrow H direction) with the long side direction directed in the vertical direction (arrow V direction) of the screen.
  • the four sub-pixels R, G, B, and Y are oriented in the vertical direction (arrow V direction) with the long side direction facing the horizontal direction (arrow H direction) of the screen. It may be arranged.
  • one pixel of the liquid crystal panel is composed of four square R, G, B, and Y sub-pixels, and 2 pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions of the screen. They may be arranged in two rows and two columns.
  • Some aspects of the present invention can be used in a liquid crystal display device.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides (1) qui est pourvu de : un panneau à cristaux liquides (2) ; un dispositif d'éclairage (8) agencé sur le côté d'entrée de lumière du panneau à cristaux liquides (2) ; et un élément de commande de lumière (9) agencé sur le côté d'émission de lumière du panneau à cristaux liquides (2). Le panneau à cristaux liquides (2) est pourvu d'une pluralité de pixels dans lesquels le directeur des molécules de cristaux liquides dans une région intermédiaire dans la direction de l'épaisseur d'une couche de cristaux liquides (11) est orienté dans une première direction lorsqu'une tension est appliquée à celle-ci. L'axe d'absorption d'une première plaque de polarisation (3) et l'axe d'absorption d'une deuxième plaque de polarisation (7) sont mutuellement orthogonaux et forment un angle qui n'est pas parallèle à la première direction. L'élément de commande de lumière (9) est pourvu d'un substrat (39), une section de diffusion de lumière, (41) une section bloquant la lumière (40), et une section à indice de réfraction faible (42). Le dispositif d'éclairage (8) est pourvu d'une structure dans laquelle la quantité de lumière émise dans une direction perpendiculaire à la première direction est supérieure à la quantité de lumière émise dans une direction parallèle à la première direction en observant depuis la direction normale du substrat (39).
PCT/JP2015/082854 2014-12-01 2015-11-24 Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides WO2016088596A1 (fr)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0829786A (ja) * 1994-05-11 1996-02-02 Sharp Corp 照明装置およびそれを用いた液晶表示装置
JPH11295523A (ja) * 1998-04-06 1999-10-29 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd 偏光分離シート、光学シート積層体、面光源装置、及び、透過型表示装置
JP2006308700A (ja) * 2005-04-26 2006-11-09 Nec Corp 表示装置、端末装置、光源装置及び光学部材
JP2008098037A (ja) * 2006-10-13 2008-04-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 面状光源装置および該面状光源装置を備えた表示装置ならびに面状光源装置の点灯方法
WO2011080955A1 (fr) * 2009-12-28 2011-07-07 シャープ株式会社 Dispositif d'éclairage plat et dispositif d'affichage pourvu de celui-ci
WO2013151034A1 (fr) * 2012-04-02 2013-10-10 シャープ株式会社 Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides
WO2014034471A1 (fr) * 2012-08-27 2014-03-06 シャープ株式会社 Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides
WO2014065363A1 (fr) * 2012-10-26 2014-05-01 シャープ株式会社 Élément de diffusion optique avec plaque polarisante, procédé de fabrication de cet élément de diffusion optique avec plaque polarisante ainsi que dispositif d'affichage

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0829786A (ja) * 1994-05-11 1996-02-02 Sharp Corp 照明装置およびそれを用いた液晶表示装置
JPH11295523A (ja) * 1998-04-06 1999-10-29 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd 偏光分離シート、光学シート積層体、面光源装置、及び、透過型表示装置
JP2006308700A (ja) * 2005-04-26 2006-11-09 Nec Corp 表示装置、端末装置、光源装置及び光学部材
JP2008098037A (ja) * 2006-10-13 2008-04-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 面状光源装置および該面状光源装置を備えた表示装置ならびに面状光源装置の点灯方法
WO2011080955A1 (fr) * 2009-12-28 2011-07-07 シャープ株式会社 Dispositif d'éclairage plat et dispositif d'affichage pourvu de celui-ci
WO2013151034A1 (fr) * 2012-04-02 2013-10-10 シャープ株式会社 Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides
WO2014034471A1 (fr) * 2012-08-27 2014-03-06 シャープ株式会社 Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides
WO2014065363A1 (fr) * 2012-10-26 2014-05-01 シャープ株式会社 Élément de diffusion optique avec plaque polarisante, procédé de fabrication de cet élément de diffusion optique avec plaque polarisante ainsi que dispositif d'affichage

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