WO2014092017A1 - Élément de diffusion de lumière et dispositif d'affichage - Google Patents

Élément de diffusion de lumière et dispositif d'affichage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014092017A1
WO2014092017A1 PCT/JP2013/082829 JP2013082829W WO2014092017A1 WO 2014092017 A1 WO2014092017 A1 WO 2014092017A1 JP 2013082829 W JP2013082829 W JP 2013082829W WO 2014092017 A1 WO2014092017 A1 WO 2014092017A1
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Prior art keywords
light
shielding layer
base material
light shielding
layer
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PCT/JP2013/082829
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
透 菅野
前田　強
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シャープ株式会社
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Publication of WO2014092017A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014092017A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
    • G02B5/0242—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element by means of dispersed particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
    • G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133524—Light-guides, e.g. fibre-optic bundles, louvered or jalousie light-guides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a light diffusing member and a display device.
  • This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-270176 filed in Japan on December 11, 2012, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Liquid crystal display devices are widely used as portable electronic devices such as cellular phones or displays for televisions, personal computers, and the like.
  • liquid crystal display devices are known to have excellent visibility from the front, but have a narrow viewing angle.
  • Various devices have been devised for widening the viewing angle.
  • a configuration in which a member for diffusing light emitted from a display body such as a liquid crystal panel (hereinafter referred to as a light diffusing member) is provided on the viewing side of the display body can be considered.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses an optical sheet that includes a base film layer, an optical function sheet layer disposed on the base film layer, and a diffusion material-containing layer disposed on the optical function sheet layer. Yes.
  • the optical functional sheet layer has a substantially trapezoidal prism portion formed in parallel along the upper surface of the base film layer, and the light absorbing portion is arranged in a substantially wedge-shaped portion between the prism portions. It has been configured.
  • the light diffusing layer has a configuration in which the light diffusing layer is randomly arranged, so that the width of the light absorbing portion in a plan view is partially widened, so that the light use efficiency is reduced. It has become.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a light diffusing member that can suppress a decrease in light utilization efficiency. It is another object of the present invention to provide a display device that includes the light diffusing member and has excellent display quality.
  • the present invention employs the following means. (1) That is, the light diffusion member according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a base material having light permeability, a plurality of light diffusion portions formed on one surface of the base material, and one surface of the base material. A light shielding layer formed in a region other than the region where the light diffusing portion is formed, and the light diffusing portion has a light emitting end surface on the substrate side and the light emitting end surface on the opposite side to the substrate side.
  • a light incident end face having an area larger than the area of the light diffusion portion, and a height from the light incident end face to the light exit end face of the light diffusing portion is larger than a layer thickness of the light shielding layer, and a normal direction of the base material Accordingly, at least a part of the light shielding layer, the portion sandwiched between the two adjacent light diffusion portions of the light shielding layer is linear.
  • the light diffusing member includes a light-transmitting base material, a plurality of light diffusing portions formed on one surface of the base material, and the light on one surface of the base material.
  • a height from the light incident end surface of the light diffusing portion to the light emitting end surface is larger than the layer thickness of the light shielding layer, and is viewed from the normal direction of the base material.
  • the line width of the portion sandwiched between two adjacent light diffusing portions in the light shielding layer may be constant.
  • the plurality of light diffusing portions are arranged in a dotted manner when viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the base material.
  • the light shielding layer may be continuously formed in a region other than the region where the light diffusion portion is formed.
  • the plurality of light diffusing portions may be arranged aperiodically when viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the substrate.
  • the plurality of light diffusing portions may have the same shape as seen from the normal direction of one surface of the base material.
  • the plurality of light diffusing portions are at least one of a plurality of types of sizes and shapes that are different from each other when viewed from the normal direction of the one surface of the substrate. You may have.
  • air may exist in a gap between the plurality of light diffusing portions.
  • an inclination angle of a side surface of at least one light diffusing portion among the plurality of light diffusing portions is other light diffusing. It may be different from the inclination angle of the side surface of the part.
  • an inclination angle of a side surface of at least one light diffusing portion among the plurality of light diffusing portions varies depending on a place. May be.
  • the planar shape of the light diffusing portion viewed from the normal direction of one surface of the base material is a polygon. It may be.
  • an antireflection layer In the light diffusing member according to any one of (1) to (12) above, an antireflection layer, an antistatic layer, an antiglare treatment layer, At least one of the antifouling treatment layers may be provided.
  • a light-shielding layer having an opening is formed on one surface of a base material having light transmittance and including at least a part of a light scatterer.
  • the negative photosensitive resin layer Exposing the negative photosensitive resin layer from the surface opposite to the one surface through the opening of the light shielding layer; developing the negative photosensitive resin layer after the exposure; Forming a plurality of light diffusing portions on one surface of the substrate having a light emission end surface and a light incident end surface having an area larger than the area of the light emission end surface on the side opposite to the substrate side.
  • the method of the base material When viewed from the direction, it is referred to as linear portions between two of said adjacent openings of the light shielding layer at least a part of the light shielding layer.
  • a light-shielding layer having an opening is formed on one surface of a base material having light transparency and including at least a part of a light scatterer.
  • the normal of the substrate When viewed from the direction, when setting a plurality of virtual points on one surface of the base material and setting a perpendicular bisector between two virtual points adjacent to each other of the plurality of virtual points, At least a part is formed along a line connecting all the perpendicular bisectors set in each of the plurality of virtual points.
  • the display device is provided on the display body and the viewing side of the display body, and has a state in which the angular distribution of light incident from the display body is wider than that before incidence.
  • a viewing angle enlarging member that emits light, and the viewing angle enlarging member includes the light diffusion member according to any one of (1) to (13).
  • the display body includes a plurality of pixels that form a display image, and a portion of the light shielding layer sandwiched between two adjacent light diffusion portions.
  • the line width may be smaller than the pitch between the pixels of the display body.
  • an information input device may be provided on the viewing side of the viewing angle widening member.
  • the display body includes a light source and a light modulation element that modulates light from the light source,
  • the light source may emit light having directivity.
  • the display body may be a liquid crystal display element.
  • the present invention it is possible to provide a light diffusing member capable of suppressing a decrease in light utilization efficiency. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a display device that includes the light diffusing member and is excellent in display quality.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the liquid crystal panel in a liquid crystal display device. It is sectional drawing which shows a viewing angle expansion film. It is a top view which shows a viewing angle expansion film. It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing process of a viewing angle expansion film. It is sectional drawing which shows a viewing angle expansion film. It is sectional drawing which shows a viewing angle expansion film. It is sectional drawing which shows a viewing angle expansion film. It is sectional drawing which shows a viewing angle expansion film. It is sectional drawing which shows a viewing angle expansion film. It is a figure for demonstrating the light shielding layer pattern of a viewing angle expansion film.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device according to this embodiment.
  • the liquid crystal display device 1 (display device) of the present embodiment includes a backlight 2 (light source), a first polarizing plate 3, a liquid crystal panel 4 (light modulation element), and a second polarizing plate 5.
  • the liquid crystal display body 6 (display body) which has and the viewing angle expansion film 7 (viewing angle expansion member, light-diffusion member) are comprised.
  • the liquid crystal panel 4 is schematically illustrated as a single plate, but the detailed structure thereof will be described later.
  • the observer views the display from the upper side of the liquid crystal display device 1 in FIG. 1 in which the viewing angle widening film 7 is arranged. Therefore, in the following description, the side on which the viewing angle widening film 7 is disposed is referred to as a viewing side, and the side on which the backlight 2 is disposed is referred to as a back side.
  • the light emitted from the backlight 2 is modulated by the liquid crystal panel 4, and a predetermined image, character, or the like is displayed by the modulated light. Further, when the light emitted from the liquid crystal panel 4 passes through the viewing angle widening film 7, the angle distribution of the emitted light becomes wider than before entering the viewing angle widening film 7, and the light is widened. Is injected from. Thereby, the observer can visually recognize the display with a wide viewing angle.
  • liquid crystal panel 4 an active matrix transmissive liquid crystal panel is described as an example, but a liquid crystal panel applicable to the present invention is not limited to an active matrix transmissive liquid crystal panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel applicable to the present invention may be, for example, a transflective (transmissive / reflective) liquid crystal panel or a reflective liquid crystal panel.
  • each pixel is a switching thin film transistor (Thin Film Transistor, hereinafter). It may be a simple matrix type liquid crystal panel not provided with (abbreviated as TFT).
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the liquid crystal panel 4.
  • the liquid crystal panel 4 includes a TFT substrate 9 as a switching element substrate, a color filter substrate 10 disposed so as to face the TFT substrate 9, and the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10. And a sandwiched liquid crystal layer 11.
  • the liquid crystal layer 11 is surrounded by a TFT substrate 9, a color filter substrate 10, and a frame-shaped seal member (not shown) that bonds the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 at a predetermined interval. It is enclosed in the space.
  • the liquid crystal panel 4 of this embodiment performs display in, for example, a VA (Vertical Alignment) mode, and the liquid crystal layer 11 uses vertical alignment liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy.
  • a spherical spacer 12 is disposed between the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 to keep the distance between these substrates constant.
  • the display mode is not limited to the above VA mode, and a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, an STN (Super Twisted Nematic) mode, an IPS (In-Plane Switching) mode, or the like can be used.
  • the TFT substrate 9 has a plurality of pixels (not shown) as a minimum unit area for display arranged in a matrix.
  • a plurality of source bus lines (not shown) are formed on the TFT substrate 9 so as to extend in parallel with each other, and a plurality of gate bus lines (not shown) extend in parallel with each other, And it is formed so as to be orthogonal to a plurality of source bus lines. Therefore, on the TFT substrate 9, a plurality of source bus lines and a plurality of gate bus lines are formed in a lattice pattern, and a rectangular region partitioned by adjacent source bus lines and adjacent gate bus lines is one. One pixel.
  • the source bus line is connected to the source electrode of the TFT described later, and the gate bus line is connected to the gate electrode of the TFT.
  • a TFT 19 having a semiconductor layer 15, a gate electrode 16, a source electrode 17, a drain electrode 18, etc. is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 14 constituting the TFT substrate 9 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side.
  • a transparent substrate 14 for example, a glass substrate can be used.
  • a semiconductor material such as CGS (Continuous Grain Silicon), LPS (Low-temperature Poly-Silicon), ⁇ -Si (Amorphous Silicon), etc.
  • a semiconductor layer 15 made of is formed.
  • a gate insulating film 20 is formed on the transparent substrate 14 so as to cover the semiconductor layer 15.
  • a material of the gate insulating film 20 for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated film thereof can be used.
  • a gate electrode 16 is formed on the gate insulating film 20 so as to face the semiconductor layer 15.
  • a laminated film of W (tungsten) / TaN (tantalum nitride), Mo (molybdenum), Ti (titanium), Al (aluminum), or the like is used.
  • a first interlayer insulating film 21 is formed on the gate insulating film 20 so as to cover the gate electrode 16.
  • a material of the first interlayer insulating film 21 for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated film thereof can be used.
  • a source electrode 17 and a drain electrode 18 are formed on the first interlayer insulating film 21.
  • the source electrode 17 is connected to the source region of the semiconductor layer 15 through a contact hole 22 that penetrates the first interlayer insulating film 21 and the gate insulating film 20.
  • the drain electrode 18 is connected to the drain region of the semiconductor layer 15 through a contact hole 23 that penetrates the first interlayer insulating film 21 and the gate insulating film 20.
  • a second interlayer insulating film 24 is formed on the first interlayer insulating film 21 so as to cover the source electrode 17 and the drain electrode 18.
  • the material of the second interlayer insulating film 24 the same material as the first interlayer insulating film 21 described above or an organic insulating material can be used.
  • a pixel electrode 25 is formed on the second interlayer insulating film 24.
  • the pixel electrode 25 is connected to the drain electrode 18 through a contact hole 26 that penetrates the second interlayer insulating film 24. Therefore, the pixel electrode 25 is connected to the drain region of the semiconductor layer 15 using the drain electrode 18 as a relay electrode.
  • a transparent conductive material such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide) can be used.
  • An alignment film 27 is formed on the entire surface of the second interlayer insulating film 24 so as to cover the pixel electrode 25.
  • This alignment film 27 has an alignment regulating force for vertically aligning liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 11.
  • the form of the TFT may be the bottom gate TFT shown in FIG. 2 or the top gate TFT.
  • a black matrix 30, a color filter 31, a planarizing layer 32, a counter electrode 33, and an alignment film 34 are sequentially formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 29 constituting the color filter substrate 10 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side.
  • the black matrix 30 has a function of blocking light transmission in the inter-pixel region.
  • the black matrix 30 is formed of, for example, a metal such as Cr (chromium) or a Cr / Cr oxide multilayer film, or a photoresist in which carbon particles are dispersed in a photosensitive resin.
  • the color filter 31 contains pigments of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) colors.
  • One pixel electrode 25 on the TFT substrate 9 is provided with any one of R, G, and B color filters 31 facing each other.
  • the color filter 31 may have a multicolor configuration of three or more colors of R, G, and B.
  • the planarization layer 32 is composed of an insulating film that covers the black matrix 30 and the color filter 31.
  • the planarizing layer 32 has a function of smoothing and leveling a step formed by the black matrix 30 and the color filter 31.
  • a counter electrode 33 is formed on the planarization layer 32.
  • As the material of the counter electrode 33 a transparent conductive material similar to that of the pixel electrode 25 is used.
  • an alignment film 34 having a vertical alignment regulating force is formed on the entire surface of the counter electrode 33.
  • the backlight 2 includes a light source 36 such as a light emitting diode and a cold cathode tube, and a light guide plate 37 that emits light toward the liquid crystal panel 4 using internal reflection of light emitted from the light source 36.
  • the backlight 2 may be an edge light type in which the light source is disposed on the end face of the light guide, or may be a direct type in which the light source is disposed directly under the light guide.
  • the backlight 2 used in the present embodiment it is desirable to use a so-called directional backlight that controls the light emission direction and has directivity.
  • a directional backlight that allows collimated or substantially collimated light to enter the light diffusion portion of the viewing angle widening film 7 to be described later, blurring can be reduced and light utilization efficiency can be increased.
  • the directional backlight described above can be realized by optimizing the shape and arrangement of the reflection pattern formed in the light guide plate 37.
  • directivity may be realized by arranging a louver on the backlight.
  • a first polarizing plate 3 that functions as a polarizer is provided between the backlight 2 and the liquid crystal panel 4.
  • a second polarizing plate 5 that functions as a polarizer is provided between the liquid crystal panel 4 and the viewing angle widening film 7.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the viewing angle widening film 7.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the viewing angle widening film 7.
  • FIG. 4 is the figure which looked at the viewing angle expansion film from the visual recognition side.
  • the viewing angle widening film 7 includes a base material 39, a plurality of light diffusion portions 40 formed on one surface of the base material 39 (surface opposite to the viewing side), and one surface of the base material 39. And a light shielding layer 41 formed on the substrate.
  • the viewing angle widening film 7 has a posture in which the side where the light diffusing portion 40 is provided faces the second polarizing plate 5 and the base 39 side faces the viewing side. 5 is arranged.
  • resins such as a thermoplastic polymer, a thermosetting resin, and a photopolymerizable resin are generally used.
  • an appropriate transparent resin substrate made of acrylic polymer, olefin polymer, vinyl polymer, cellulose polymer, amide polymer, fluorine polymer, urethane polymer, silicone polymer, imide polymer, etc. Can do.
  • TAC triacetyl cellulose
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • COP cycloolefin polymer
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PES polyethersulfone
  • PI polyimide
  • the base material 39 serves as a base when a material for the light shielding layer 41 and the light diffusion portion 40 is applied later in the manufacturing process described later, and has heat resistance and mechanical strength in the heat treatment step during the manufacturing process. It is necessary to prepare. Therefore, as the base material 39, a glass base material or the like may be used in addition to the resin base material. However, it is preferable that the thickness of the base material 39 is as thin as possible without impairing heat resistance and mechanical strength. The reason is that as the thickness of the base material 39 is increased, there is a possibility that display blur may occur. Further, the total light transmittance of the substrate 39 is preferably 90% or more in accordance with JIS K7361-1. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained. In this embodiment, a PET film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m is used as an example.
  • the light diffusing unit 40 is made of an organic material having light transmissivity and photosensitivity such as acrylic resin, epoxy resin, and silicone resin.
  • a mixture made of a transparent resin in which a polymerization initiator, a coupling agent, a monomer, an organic solvent and the like are mixed with these resins can be used.
  • the polymerization initiator may contain various additional components such as a stabilizer, an inhibitor, a plasticizer, a fluorescent brightening agent, a mold release agent, a chain transfer agent, and other photopolymerizable monomers. .
  • materials described in Japanese Patent No. 4129991 can be used.
  • the total light transmittance of the light diffusing section 40 is preferably 90% or more as defined in JIS K7361-1. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained.
  • the light diffusing section 40 has a small area of the horizontal cross section on the base material 39 side that becomes the light emission end face 40a, and the area of the horizontal cross section gradually increases as the distance from the base material 39 increases. That is, when viewed from the base material 39 side, the light diffusion portion 40 has a so-called reverse tapered frustum shape.
  • the light diffusion part 40 is a part that contributes to the transmission of light in the viewing angle widening film 7. That is, the light incident on the light diffusing unit 40 is guided and emitted while being totally confined inside the light diffusing unit 40 while being totally reflected by the tapered side surface 40 c of the light diffusing unit 40.
  • the plurality of light diffusion portions 40 are scattered on the base material 39.
  • the light shielding layer 41 is continuously formed on the base material 39 by forming the plurality of light diffusion portions 40 scattered on the base material 39.
  • the plurality of light diffusion portions 40 are arranged randomly (non-periodically) when viewed from the normal direction of the main surface of the base material 39. Therefore, the pitch between the adjacent light diffusion portions 40 (specifically, the distance between the centers of gravity of the adjacent light diffusion portions 40) is not constant.
  • the planar shape of the light diffusing unit 40 of this embodiment is indefinite, the reference of the pitch is not the center of the light diffusing unit but the center of gravity.
  • the dimensions of the plurality of light diffusion portions 40 are different.
  • the dimensions of the plurality of light diffusion portions 40 are distributed in the range of 15 to 25 ⁇ m. That is, the plurality of light diffusion portions 40 have a plurality of types of dimensions.
  • the average size of the light diffusion portion 40 is about 20 ⁇ m.
  • the arrangement density of the light diffusion parts can be increased.
  • the ratio of light shielded by the light shielding layer can be reduced and the light utilization efficiency can be increased.
  • the light shielding layer 41 is formed in a region other than the formation region of the plurality of light diffusion portions 40 on the surface of the base 39 on the side where the light diffusion portions 40 are formed.
  • the light shielding layer 41 is made of an organic material having light absorption and photosensitivity such as a black resist.
  • the light shielding layer 41 may be a metal film such as a single metal such as Cr (chromium) or Cr / Cr oxide, a metal oxide, or a multilayer film of a single metal and a metal oxide, or a pigment used for black ink. -It is sufficient to use a light-shielding material such as a black ink obtained by mixing dye, black resin, and multicolor ink.
  • the thickness t1 of the light shielding layer 41 is set to be smaller than the height t2 from the light incident end surface 40b to the light emitting end surface 40a of the light diffusing portion 40 (t1 ⁇ t2).
  • the thickness t1 of the light shielding layer 41 is about 500 nm as an example
  • the height t2 from the light incident end surface 40b to the light emitting end surface 40a of the light diffusion portion 40 is about 20 ⁇ m as an example. Therefore, in the gap between the plurality of light diffusion portions 40, the light shielding layer 41 exists in a portion in contact with one surface of the base material 39, and air exists in other portions.
  • the refractive index of the base material 39 and the refractive index of the light diffusion part 40 are substantially equal.
  • the reason is that, for example, if the refractive index of the base material 39 and the refractive index of the light diffusing unit 40 are greatly different, the light diffusing unit is used when the light incident from the light incident end surface 40b is emitted from the light diffusing unit 40. This is because unnecessary light refraction or reflection occurs at the interface between the substrate 40 and the base material 39, which may cause problems such as failure to obtain a desired light diffusion angle and reduction in the amount of emitted light.
  • the viewing angle widening film 7 is disposed so that the base material 39 faces the viewing side, and therefore, the smaller one of the two opposing surfaces of the frustum-shaped light diffusion portion 40.
  • the surface having the larger area becomes the light incident end surface 40b.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ (angle formed between the light incident end face 40 b and the side face 40 c) of the side face 40 c of the light diffusing portion 40 is about 80 degrees as an example.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ of the side surface 40c of the light diffusing unit 40 is not particularly limited as long as the incident light can be sufficiently diffused when exiting from the viewing angle widening film 7.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ of the side surface 40c of the light diffusing portion 40, the height t2 of the light diffusing portion 40, and the line width WL of the linear portion 41w of the light shielding layer 41 satisfy the relationship of tan ⁇ ⁇ (2 ⁇ t2) / WL.
  • the light from the backlight does not directly enter the light shielding layer 41.
  • the side surface 40c of the light diffusion portion 40 is made of acrylic resin and air. Interface. Even if the periphery of the light diffusing unit 40 is filled with another low refractive index material, the difference in the refractive index between the inside and the outside of the light diffusing unit 40 is larger than when any low refractive index material exists outside. The maximum is when air is present. Therefore, from Snell's law, in the configuration of the present embodiment, the critical angle is the smallest, and the incident angle range in which light is totally reflected by the side surface 40c of the light diffusing unit 40 is the widest. As a result, light loss is further suppressed, and high luminance can be obtained.
  • a backlight that emits light at an angle that does not enter the side surface 40c of the light diffusing portion 40 at a critical angle or less, that is, a so-called directional backlight.
  • the light shielding layer 41 is formed in a mesh shape in a plan view when seen in a plan view. Specifically, a portion of the light shielding layer 41 sandwiched between two adjacent light diffusion portions 40 is linear.
  • the line width WL of the part sandwiched between two adjacent light diffusion portions 40 in the light shielding layer 41 is constant.
  • the line width WL is about 10 ⁇ m as an example.
  • the line width WL is preferably smaller than the pixel interval (pitch) of the liquid crystal panel 4.
  • at least one light diffusing portion 40 is formed in the pixel, so that a wide viewing angle can be achieved when combined with a liquid crystal panel having a small pixel pitch used for mobile devices, for example.
  • a portion of the light shielding layer 41 sandwiched between two adjacent light diffusion portions 40 may be referred to as a “linear portion”.
  • the linear portion 41w has various shapes such as a straight shape, a curved shape, and a shape combining straight lines and curves.
  • the planar shape of the opening 41h of the light shielding layer 41 is indefinite. Therefore, the planar shape of the light diffusion part 40 formed corresponding to the opening 41h of the light shielding part 41 is also indefinite.
  • all the linear portions 41 w are connected in the formation region of the light shielding layer 41, but this is not restrictive.
  • a part of the linear portion 41w may be interrupted.
  • a part of the linear part 41w may have a concave part or a convex part.
  • FIG. 6 The outline of the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display 6 will be described first. First, the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 are respectively produced. Thereafter, the surface of the TFT substrate 9 on which the TFT 19 is formed and the surface of the color filter substrate 10 on which the color filter 31 is formed are arranged to face each other, and the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 are sealed. Paste through. Thereafter, liquid crystal is injected into a space surrounded by the TFT substrate 9, the color filter substrate 10, and the seal member.
  • the 1st polarizing plate 3 and the 2nd polarizing plate 5 are each bonded together on both surfaces of the liquid crystal panel 4 produced in this way using an optical adhesive agent.
  • the liquid crystal display body 6 is completed.
  • the conventionally well-known method is used for the manufacturing method of the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10, description is abbreviate
  • a polyethylene terephthalate base material 39 having a 10 cm square and a thickness of 100 ⁇ m was prepared, and a black negative resist containing carbon as a light shielding layer material was applied to one surface of the base material 39 using a spin coating method.
  • a coating film having a thickness of 150 nm is formed (step S1 in FIG. 5).
  • the base material 39 on which the coating film is formed is placed on a hot plate, and the coating film is pre-baked at a temperature of 90 ° C. Thereby, the solvent in the black negative resist is volatilized.
  • step S2 in FIG. 5 exposure is performed by irradiating the coating film with light E through a photomask 45 provided with a plurality of light shielding patterns 46 shown in FIG. 7D using an exposure apparatus (step S2 in FIG. 5).
  • an exposure apparatus using a mixed line of i-line having a wavelength of 365 nm, h-line having a wavelength of 404 nm, and g-line having a wavelength of 436 nm is used.
  • the exposure dose is 100 mJ / cm 2 .
  • the transparent negative resist is exposed using the light shielding layer 41 as a mask to form the light diffusing portion 40, so that the position of the light shielding pattern 46 of the photomask 45 is the position where the light diffusing portion 40 is formed.
  • the plurality of light shielding patterns 46 are randomly arranged.
  • FIG. 7A a plurality of virtual points Pv (base points) are set on a plane, and a dot pattern 40p in which a plurality of circular dots are randomly arranged is created.
  • the virtual point Pv corresponds to the barycentric position of the light diffusing unit 40.
  • FIG. 7B a vertical bisector Lv (Voronoi boundary) between two adjacent virtual points in each of the plurality of virtual points Pv is set.
  • Lv Vertical bisector
  • a line connecting all the perpendicular bisectors Lv set at each of the plurality of virtual points Pv is made to the target line width (corresponding to the line width WL of the linear portion 41w). Enlarge.
  • the line width is a constant width along the extending direction of the vertical bisector Lv.
  • the photomask 45 provided with the several light shielding pattern 46 is formed by reversing the light shielding layer pattern 41v and the light transmissive part pattern 40v.
  • a coating film made of a black negative resist is developed using a dedicated developer, dried at 150 ° C., and a plurality of openings as shown in FIG. 6A.
  • a light shielding layer 41 having 41h is formed on one surface of the substrate 39 (step S3 shown in FIG. 5).
  • the photomask 45 the light shielding layer 41 is formed along a line connecting all the perpendicular bisectors Lv set at each of the plurality of virtual points Pv.
  • the opening 41h corresponds to a formation region of the light diffusion portion 40 in the next process.
  • the line width WL of the linear portion 41w of the light shielding layer 41 is constant, and is about 10 ⁇ m as an example.
  • the light shielding layer 41 is formed by a photolithography method using a black negative resist.
  • a photomask in which the light shielding pattern 46 and the light transmitting portion of the present embodiment are reversed is used.
  • a positive resist can be used.
  • a transparent negative resist made of an acrylic resin is applied to the upper surface of the light shielding layer 41 as a light diffusing portion material to form a coating film 48 having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m (FIG. 6B).
  • the coating film 48 is irradiated with diffused light F from the base material 39 side using the light shielding layer 41 as a mask to perform exposure (step S5 shown in FIG. 5).
  • an exposure apparatus using a mixed line of i-line having a wavelength of 365 nm, h-line having a wavelength of 404 nm, and g-line having a wavelength of 436 nm is used.
  • the exposure dose is 200 mJ / cm 2 .
  • parallel light or diffused light is used.
  • a diffusion plate having a haze of about 50 may be disposed on the optical path of the light emitted from the exposure apparatus.
  • the coating film 48 is exposed radially from the openings 41 h between the light shielding layers 41, and the reverse tapered side surface of the light diffusing unit 40 is formed. Thereafter, the substrate 39 on which the coating film 48 is formed is placed on a hot plate, and post-exposure baking (PEB) of the coating film 48 is performed at a temperature of 95 ° C.
  • PEB post-exposure baking
  • the coating film 48 made of a transparent negative resist is developed using a dedicated developer, post-baked at 100 ° C., and a plurality of light diffusion portions 40 are formed on one surface of the substrate 39 as shown in FIG. 6D. (Step S6 shown in FIG. 5).
  • the total light transmittance of the viewing angle widening film 7 is preferably 90% or more. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained, and the optical performance required for the viewing angle widening film can be sufficiently exhibited.
  • the total light transmittance is as defined in JIS K7361-1.
  • the liquid resist is applied at the time of forming the light shielding layer 41 and the light diffusing portion 40, but instead of this configuration, a film resist is applied to one surface of the substrate 39. Also good.
  • FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B The left side of FIG. 8A is a plan view of a viewing angle widening film 1007 according to the comparative example, and the right side of FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view of the viewing angle widening film 1007 according to the comparative example.
  • the left side of FIG. 8B is a plan view of the viewing angle widening film 7 according to this embodiment, and the right side of FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the viewing angle widening film 7 according to this embodiment.
  • the viewing angle widening film 1007 according to the comparative example includes a base material 1039 and a plurality of light diffusion portions 1040 formed on one surface of the base material 1039 (surface opposite to the viewing side). And a light shielding layer 1041 formed on one surface of the base material 1039.
  • the plurality of light diffusion units 1040 are arranged randomly (non-periodically) in plan view.
  • the planar view shape of the light diffusion portion 1040 is a circle.
  • the plurality of light diffusion portions 1040 have different sizes. Therefore, the pitch between the adjacent light diffusion portions 1040 (specifically, the distance between the centers of the adjacent light diffusion portions 1040) is not constant.
  • the width of the portion sandwiched between two adjacent light diffusion portions 1040 in the light shielding layer 1041 is not constant. That is, in the viewing angle widening film 1007, there are a portion 1041w1 (hereinafter referred to as a wide portion) having a relatively large width WL1 and a portion 1041w2 (hereinafter referred to as a narrow portion) having a relatively small width WL2. Exists.
  • the viewing angle widening film 7 has a portion 41w (linear portion) sandwiched between two adjacent light diffusion portions 40 in the light shielding layer 41, as shown in the left side of FIG. 8B. Is linear.
  • the light shielding layer 41 has a plurality of virtual points. It is formed along a line connecting all the perpendicular bisectors set at each of the points.
  • the line width WL of the linear portion 41w is constant. Therefore, as shown in the right side of FIG. 8B, the ratio of the light L that is directly incident on the light shielding layer 41 without being incident on the light diffusion portion 40 out of the light L incident on the viewing angle widening film 7 is increased. Is suppressed.
  • the height of the light diffusion portion 40 By setting the height of the light diffusion portion 40 to a predetermined height while keeping the line width WL of the linear portion 41w constant, the amount of light L incident on the light shielding layer 41 can be greatly reduced. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress a decrease in light utilization efficiency.
  • the light incident obliquely on the viewing angle widening film 7 is light transmitted obliquely through the liquid crystal panel 4, and is light different from a desired retardation, that is, light that causes a decrease in display contrast.
  • the viewing angle widening film 7 of this embodiment can increase the display contrast because such light is cut by the light shielding layer 41. Furthermore, since the external light incident on the viewing angle expansion film 7 from the viewing side is also cut by the light shielding layer 41, the scattering of the external light is suppressed, and the visibility of display in a bright place can be improved.
  • an interference fringe pattern is visually recognized when the period of each pattern is slightly shifted.
  • a viewing angle widening film in which a plurality of light diffusion portions are arranged in a matrix and a liquid crystal panel in which a plurality of pixels are arranged in a matrix are overlapped, a periodic pattern and liquid crystal by the light diffusion portion of the viewing angle widening film Moire may occur between the periodic patterns of the panel pixels and display quality may be reduced.
  • the size of the light diffusing portions 40 is also different. No moire due to interference occurs between the regular arrangement of pixels and display quality can be maintained.
  • the substrate 39 and the photomask on which the light shielding layer 41 having a minute size is formed. Alignment is very difficult, and it is inevitable that a deviation occurs. As a result, a gap is formed between the light diffusing unit 40 and the light shielding layer 41, and there is a possibility that the contrast is lowered due to light leaking from the gap.
  • the light diffusion portion 40 since light is irradiated from the back side of the base material 39 using the light shielding layer 41 as a mask, the light diffusion portion 40 is self-aligned with the position of the opening of the light shielding layer 41 (self It is formed in an aligned state. As a result, the light diffusion portion 40 and the light shielding layer 41 are in close contact with each other, so that no gap is formed between them, and the contrast can be reliably maintained.
  • the light diffusion part 40 may be connected at least partially. Thereby, each light-diffusion part 40 becomes difficult to fall down and the form stability of the viewing angle expansion film 7 improves. Moreover, since the ratio in which the light which injected into the viewing angle expansion film 7 is absorbed by the light shielding layer 41 becomes small, the utilization efficiency of light improves.
  • the example of the light shielding layer 41 having the opening 41 h whose planar shape is indefinite is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • a light shielding layer 41A having an opening 41Ah whose planar shape is a triangle may be used.
  • the light shielding layer 41 ⁇ / b> B having an opening 41 ⁇ / b> Bh whose planar shape is a square may be used.
  • a light shielding layer 41C having an opening 41Ch whose planar shape is a parallelogram may be used.
  • FIG. 9A a light shielding layer 41A having an opening 41Ah whose planar shape is a triangle
  • the light shielding layer 41 ⁇ / b> B having an opening 41 ⁇ / b> Bh whose planar shape is a square may be used.
  • a light shielding layer 41C having an opening 41Ch whose planar shape is a parallelogram may be used.
  • FIG. 9A a light shielding layer 41A having an opening 41Ah whose planar
  • the light shielding layer 41 ⁇ / b> D having an opening 41 ⁇ / b> Dh having a hexagonal planar shape may be used.
  • a light shielding layer 41E having an opening 41Eh whose planar shape is a pentagon may be used.
  • the planar shape of all the openings cannot be a pentagon, some of the openings have a square planar shape.
  • the light shielding layer 41 ⁇ / b> F having an opening which is a so-called Penrose tile filled with two types of rhombuses may be used.
  • the planar shape of the light shielding layer 41 of this embodiment is indefinite as shown in FIG. 4, the side surface 40c of the light diffusion portion 40, that is, the cross-sectional shape of the reflecting surface is also indefinite. Therefore, the light reflected by the side surface 40c of the light diffusing unit 40 diffuses irregularly.
  • the planar shape of the light diffusing portion is a quadrangle, and thus light diffuses in a direction perpendicular to each side of the quadrangle.
  • the planar shape of the light diffusing portion is a parallelogram, and thus light diffuses in a direction perpendicular to each side of the parallelogram.
  • the planar shape of the light diffusing portion is a hexagon, and thus light diffuses in a direction perpendicular to each side of the hexagon.
  • the light shielding layer 41E having the pentagonal opening 41Eh shown in FIG. 9E the light diffuses toward the direction perpendicular to each side of the pentagon because the planar shape of the light diffusion portion is a pentagon.
  • the planar shape of the light diffusion portion is a rhombus, and thus light diffuses in a direction perpendicular to each side of the rhombus.
  • the plurality of light diffusion portions shown in FIGS. 9A to 9D have the same shape in plan view, but are not limited to this, and have at least one of a plurality of different sizes and shapes in plan view. You may do it.
  • a dot pattern 40p in which a plurality of circular dots are randomly arranged is created, a light shielding layer pattern 41v is created by Voronoi division, and the light shielding layer pattern 41v is created.
  • the photomask 45 is formed by inverting the light transmitting portion pattern 40v is shown, the present invention is not limited to this.
  • a dot pattern 40Gp in which a plurality of elliptical dots are randomly arranged is created, and a light shielding layer pattern 41Gv shown in the right part of FIG. 10A is created by Voronoi division.
  • a photomask may be formed by inverting 41 Gv and the light transmission portion pattern 40 Gv.
  • a dot pattern 40Hp in which a plurality of elliptical dots and a plurality of circular dots are randomly arranged is created, and a light shielding layer pattern 41Hv shown in the right side of FIG. 10B is created by Voronoi division
  • the photomask may be formed by inverting the light shielding layer pattern 41Hv and the light transmission portion pattern 40Hv.
  • FIG. 11 is a plan view showing the viewing angle widening film 107 according to the second embodiment.
  • the portion 41w (linear portion) sandwiched between two adjacent light diffusion portions 40 in the light shielding layer 41 is connected.
  • a part of a portion 141 w (linear portion) sandwiched between two adjacent light diffusion portions 140 in the light shielding layer 141. (One place) is broken. In other words, in a part of the plurality of light diffusion units 140, a part of two adjacent light diffusion units 140 is connected.
  • the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained, in which the amount of the light L incident on the light shielding layer 141 can be greatly reduced, and the decrease in light use efficiency can be suppressed.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • it may be a light shielding layer 141A in which a plurality of linear portions 141Aw are interrupted.
  • the linear portion 141Aw may have a broken line shape.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the viewing angle widening film 207 according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B are views for explaining a method of manufacturing a viewing angle widening film according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 FIG. 14A, and FIG. 14B, the same components as those used in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the inclination angles of the side surfaces 40c of the plurality of light diffusion portions 40 are all the same angle.
  • the dimensions of the light exit end face 240a are different in the plurality of light diffusion portions 240
  • the inclination angle of the side surface 240c is also different. That is, when viewing the plurality of light diffusion portions 240 as a whole, the light emission end faces 240a of the plurality of light diffusion portions 240 have a plurality of types of dimensions, and the side surfaces 240c of the plurality of light diffusion portions 240 have a plurality of types of inclination angles. is doing. Further, as the inclination angle of the side surface 240c is different among the plurality of light diffusion portions 240, the dimensions of the light incident end surface 240b are also different. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the photomask used when forming the light shielding layer 241 has a plurality of light shielding patterns with different dimensions and a diameter of 5 to 25 ⁇ m.
  • a light shielding layer 241 having a plurality of openings with different dimensions is obtained.
  • FIG. 14A when the coating film 48 made of a transparent negative resist is exposed from the base material 39 side using the light shielding layer 241 as a mask, the light shielding layer 241 is shown as indicated by reference numeral A in FIG. 14A.
  • the diffusion angle of the diffused light may be changed depending on the location.
  • the range of the total reflection angle of light is set between the plurality of light diffusion portions 240 having different inclination angles of the side surfaces 240c.
  • the inclination angle of the side surface 240c of the light-diffusion part 240 was made into multiple types, a brightness
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a viewing angle widening film 307 according to the fourth embodiment.
  • the same components as those used in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the side surface of the light diffusing portion has a constant inclination angle.
  • the side surface 340c of each light diffusion portion 340 is gently curved in a convex shape from the light emitting end surface 340a to the light incident end surface 340b.
  • the inclination angle differs depending on the location.
  • Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the side surfaces have a plurality of types of inclination angles throughout the plurality of light diffusion portions.
  • the viewing angle widening film 307 of the present embodiment since the inclination angle varies depending on the location of the side surface 340c also in each light diffusion portion 340, compared to the case where the inclination angle of the side surface is constant. The light reflection angle distribution is widened. Thereby, the luminance changes gently according to the observation angle, and the viewing angle characteristics can be improved.
  • FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a viewing angle widening film 407 according to the fifth embodiment.
  • the same components as those used in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the diffusion film 50 is fixed to the other surface (surface on the viewing side) of the base material 39 by an adhesive layer 51.
  • the diffusion film 50 is configured by dispersing a large number of light scattering bodies 52 such as acrylic beads in a binder resin such as an acrylic resin.
  • the thickness of the diffusion film 50 is about 20 ⁇ m as an example, the spherical diameter of the spherical light scatterer 52 is about 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the adhesive layer 51 is about 25 ⁇ m as an example.
  • the diffusion film 50 is an isotropic diffusion material. The diffusion film 50 isotropically diffuses the light diffused by the light diffusing unit 40 and further widens it.
  • the light scatterer 52 is not limited to this, but is made of acrylic polymer, olefin polymer, vinyl polymer, cellulose polymer, amide polymer, fluorine polymer, urethane polymer, silicone polymer, imide polymer, or the like. It may be made of an appropriate transparent substance such as a resin piece or glass beads. In addition to these transparent substances, scatterers and reflectors that do not absorb light can be used. Or it is good also as the bubble which diffused the light-scattering body 52 in the light-diffusion part 40. FIG.
  • each light scatterer 52 can be formed in various shapes such as a spherical shape, an elliptical spherical shape, a flat plate shape, and a polygonal cube.
  • the size of the light scatterer 52 may be formed so as to be uniform or non-uniform.
  • the diffusion film 50 also serves as an antiglare treatment layer (antiglare layer).
  • the antiglare layer can be formed by, for example, subjecting the base material 39 to sandblasting or embossing, but in the present embodiment, by forming a layer including a plurality of light scattering bodies 52 on the base material 39. Anti-glare treatment is applied. According to this configuration, since the diffusion film 50 functions as an antiglare treatment layer, it is not necessary to newly provide an antiglare treatment layer. Therefore, the apparatus can be simplified and thinned.
  • the diffusion film 50 is arrange
  • the adhesive layer 51 itself may have light diffusibility.
  • it can be realized by dispersing a large number of light scatterers in the adhesive layer 51.
  • an appropriate adhesive substance according to the object to be bonded such as rubber-based, acrylic-based, silicone-based, vinyl alkyl ether-based, polyvinyl alcohol-based, polyvinyl pyrrolidone-based, polyacrylamide-based, or cellulose-based adhesive.
  • an adhesive substance excellent in transparency and weather resistance is preferably used.
  • the adhesive layer 51 is preferably protected by temporarily attaching a separator or the like until practical use.
  • FIG. 17A, FIG. 17B, and FIG. 18 are diagrams for explaining the operation of the viewing angle widening film 407 according to the fifth embodiment.
  • 17A and 18 are cross-sectional views of the viewing angle widening film 407 according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 17B is a cross-sectional view of a viewing angle widening film 7X according to a comparative example.
  • the viewing angle widening film 7X according to the comparative example corresponds to the viewing angle widening film according to the first embodiment.
  • the diffusion film 50 is disposed on the outermost surface of the viewing angle widening film 407. Thereby, the light L incident perpendicularly to the light incident end face 40 b of the light diffusion portion 40 is diffused by the light diffusion portion 40 and further diffused by the diffusion film 50. For this reason, light of various angles is emitted from the diffusion film 50.
  • the light L incident perpendicularly to the light incident end surface 40Xb of the light diffusion portion 40X is a specific diffusion angle. It is injected by concentrating on. As a result, light cannot be uniformly diffused over a wide angle range, and a bright display can be obtained only with a specific viewing angle.
  • the diffusion film 50 is disposed on the outermost surface of the viewing angle widening film 407, the light diffusion angle can be prevented from being concentrated on one. As a result, the light diffusion characteristics of the viewing angle widening film 7 can be made smoother, and a bright display can be obtained with a wide viewing angle.
  • the viewing angle widening film 407 is such that the diffusion film 50 is incident from a surface 50 f opposite to the light diffusion portion 40 of the diffusion film 50 and a base material such as a binder resin.
  • the light whose direction of travel is changed by being reflected at the interface between the light scatterer 52 and being refracted by the light scatterer 52 is forward scattered.
  • Such total reflection conditions can be satisfied, for example, by appropriately changing the size of the particles of the light scatterer 52 included in the diffusion film 50.
  • the viewing angle widening film 407 is such that the diffusion film 50 is incident on the surface 50f of the diffusion film 50 from the surface 50f and the light whose traveling direction is changed by the light scatterer 52 is Mie scattered. Therefore, so-called backscattering does not occur. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a reduction in display quality and contrast.
  • the light incident on the viewing angle widening film 407 is emitted from the viewing angle widening film 407 in a state where the angular distribution is wider than before entering the viewing angle widening film 407. Therefore, even if the observer inclines the line of sight from the front direction (normal direction) of the liquid crystal display body 6, a good display can be visually recognized.
  • FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing the liquid crystal display device 84 of the present embodiment.
  • the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those used in the first embodiment, and the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the configuration from the backlight 2 to the viewing angle widening film 7 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the touch panel 85 (information input device) is arrange
  • the base material 39 constituting the viewing angle widening film 7 is referred to as a “viewing angle widening film base material”.
  • the touch panel 85 is affixed on the viewing angle widening film base material 39 by an adhesive 86 such as a double-sided tape at the periphery of the viewing angle widening film base material 39, and the touch panel 85 and the viewing angle widening film base material 39. A gap corresponding to the thickness of the adhesive 86 is formed between them. That is, an air layer 87 exists between the touch panel 85 and the viewing angle widening film substrate 39.
  • the touch panel 85 includes a base material 88 and a position detection electrode 89.
  • the base material 88 constituting the touch panel 85 is referred to as a “touch panel base material”.
  • a position detecting electrode 89 made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or ATO (Antimony-doped Tin Oxide) is formed on one surface of the touch panel substrate 88 made of glass or the like.
  • the position detecting electrode 89 is formed by sputtering of ITO, ATO or the like, and has a uniform sheet resistance of about several hundred to 2 k ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • a capacitive touch panel 85 is used.
  • minute voltages are applied to four corners of the position detection electrode 89 when the touch panel 85 is viewed in plan.
  • the touch panel 85 touches an arbitrary position above the position detection electrode 89, the point touched by the finger is grounded via the capacitance of the human body.
  • the position detection circuit measures this voltage change as a current change, and detects the ground point, that is, the position touched by the finger from the measured value.
  • the touch panel applicable to this embodiment is not restricted to an electrostatic capacitance system, Arbitrary touch panels, such as a resistive film system, an ultrasonic system, an optical system, are applicable.
  • liquid crystal display device 84 of the present embodiment since the viewing angle widening film 7 similar to that of the first embodiment is provided, a liquid crystal display device having excellent viewing angle characteristics and further having an information input function is realized. Can do. For example, when the user touches the touch panel 85 with a finger or a pen while viewing an image with a wide viewing angle, information can be input to the information processing apparatus or the like in an interactive manner.
  • the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
  • an example of a liquid crystal display device is given as the display body.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention may be applied to an organic electroluminescence display device, a plasma display, or the like.
  • the viewing angle expansion film and the liquid crystal display body do not necessarily need to contact.
  • another optical film or an optical component may be inserted between the viewing angle widening film and the liquid crystal display.
  • a viewing angle expansion film and a liquid crystal display body may exist in the position which left
  • a polarizing plate is unnecessary, so that the viewing angle widening film and the polarizing plate do not come into contact with each other.
  • an antireflection layer As a configuration in which at least one of an antireflection layer, a polarizing filter layer, an antistatic layer, an antiglare treatment layer, and an antifouling treatment layer is provided on the viewing side of the base material of the viewing angle widening film in the above embodiment. Also good. According to this configuration, it is possible to add a function to reduce external light reflection, a function to prevent the adhesion of dust and dirt, a function to prevent scratches, and the like according to the type of layer provided on the viewing side of the substrate. Further, it is possible to prevent deterioration of viewing angle characteristics with time.
  • the shape of the light diffusing unit is a frustum shape.
  • the inclination angle of the side surface of the light diffusing unit is not necessarily symmetric about the optical axis.
  • the shape of the light diffusing part is a truncated cone as in the above embodiment, the angle of inclination of the side surface of the light diffusing part is symmetric with respect to the optical axis. Is obtained.
  • an intentionally asymmetric angular distribution is required depending on the application and usage of the display device, for example, when there is a request to widen the viewing angle only on the upper side or only on the right side of the screen.
  • the inclination angle of the side surface of the light diffusing unit may be asymmetric.
  • the specific configuration relating to the arrangement and shape of the light diffusing part and the light shielding layer, the dimensions and materials of each part of the viewing angle widening film, the manufacturing conditions in the manufacturing process, etc. is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be changed as appropriate. .
  • the present invention is applicable to various display devices such as liquid crystal display devices, organic electroluminescence display devices, and plasma displays.

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Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un élément de diffusion optique qui comporte : une matière de base qui émet de la lumière ; une pluralité de sections de diffusion de lumière formées au niveau d'une surface de la matière de base ; et une couche d'écrantage vis-à-vis de la lumière formée au niveau de la région autre que les régions au niveau desquelles les sections de diffusion de lumière sont formées au niveau de la première surface de la matière de base. Les sections de diffusion de lumière ont une surface d'extrémité de sortie de lumière au niveau du côté matière de base et ont une surface d'extrémité d'entrée de lumière ayant une surface supérieure à la surface de la surface d'extrémité de sortie de lumière au niveau du côté inverse du côté matière de base, la hauteur depuis la surface d'extrémité d'entrée de lumière vers la surface d'extrémité de sortie de lumière des sections de diffusion de lumière est supérieure à l'épaisseur de la couche d'écrantage vis-à-vis de la lumière, et lorsqu'elle est observée depuis la direction d'une normale linéaire par rapport à la matière de base, au moins au niveau d'une partie de la couche d'écrantage vis-à-vis de la lumière, la partie de la couche d'écrantage vis-à-vis de la lumière prise en sandwich entre deux sections de diffusion de lumière adjacentes est linéaire.
PCT/JP2013/082829 2012-12-11 2013-12-06 Élément de diffusion de lumière et dispositif d'affichage WO2014092017A1 (fr)

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JP6636651B2 (ja) 2016-04-22 2020-01-29 シグニファイ ホールディング ビー ヴィＳｉｇｎｉｆｙ Ｈｏｌｄｉｎｇ Ｂ．Ｖ． 小石板状ルーバ
JP2020068289A (ja) 2018-10-24 2020-04-30 キヤノン株式会社 光電変換装置、撮像システム、移動体、および積層用の半導体チップ

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