WO2016079978A1 - 材質均一性に優れた厚肉高靭性高張力鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
材質均一性に優れた厚肉高靭性高張力鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016079978A1 WO2016079978A1 PCT/JP2015/005726 JP2015005726W WO2016079978A1 WO 2016079978 A1 WO2016079978 A1 WO 2016079978A1 JP 2015005726 W JP2015005726 W JP 2015005726W WO 2016079978 A1 WO2016079978 A1 WO 2016079978A1
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- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12458—All metal or with adjacent metals having composition, density, or hardness gradient
Definitions
- the present invention is suitable for steel structures such as buildings, bridges, shipbuilding, offshore structures, construction machinery, tanks and penstock, and has excellent strength, elongation and toughness, and material uniformity in the thickness direction. Further, the present invention relates to an excellent thick steel plate and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the yield strength at the center of the plate thickness is 500 MPa or more
- the drawing value by tension in the plate thickness direction at the center of the plate thickness is 40% or more
- the low temperature toughness at ⁇ 60 ° C. at the center of the plate thickness is 70 J or more.
- the present invention relates to a thick-walled high-toughness high-tensile steel plate having a thickness of 100 mm or more.
- excellent material uniformity means that the hardness difference in the thickness direction is small.
- a thick steel plate having a plate thickness of 100 mm or more is usually manufactured by subjecting a large steel ingot produced by the ingot-making method to ingot rolling and hot rolling the resulting ingot slab.
- this ingot-bundling process needs to cut off the thick segregation part of the feeder and the negative segregation part of the bottom of the steel ingot, so that the yield does not increase and the manufacturing cost increases and the construction period becomes longer. There is.
- the thickness of the continuous cast slabs is manufactured by the ingot casting method. Since it is smaller than a slab, there is a problem that the amount of rolling down to the product thickness is small. Also, in recent years, there is a general tendency to demand higher strength and thicker steel materials, and the amount of alloying elements added to ensure the necessary properties has increased, resulting in center segregation. New problems such as the occurrence of center porosity and deterioration of internal quality due to the increase in size have occurred.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes a technique for crimping center porosity by increasing the rolling shape ratio during hot rolling of a continuously cast slab.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe a technique for crimping the center porosity of a continuous cast slab by processing using a roll or flat metal in a continuous caster when manufacturing a continuous cast slab. Yes.
- Patent Document 3 describes a technique for crimping center porosity by forging before hot rolling when manufacturing a thick steel plate having a cumulative reduction of 70% or less from a continuous cast slab.
- Patent Document 4 in the production of extra heavy steel plates from continuous cast slabs by forging and thick plate rolling with a total reduction ratio of 35 to 67%, the center of the thickness of the material is brought to a temperature of 1200 ° C or higher before forging. It describes a technique for holding for 20 hours or more, setting the forging reduction ratio to 16% or more, and reducing the center segregation zone to improve the tempering embrittlement resistance in addition to the disappearance of the center porosity.
- Patent Document 5 describes a technique for improving center porosity and center segregation by performing hot rolling after performing cross-forging on a continuously cast slab.
- Patent Document 6 states that a continuous cast slab is maintained at a temperature of 1200 ° C. or higher for 20 hours or more, the forging reduction ratio is 17% or more, and the total rolling reduction including forging is in the range of 23 to 50%. And a method of manufacturing a thick steel plate having a tensile strength of 588 MPa or more in which the center segregation zone is reduced in addition to the disappearance of the center porosity by performing the quenching treatment twice after the thick plate rolling.
- Patent Document 7 describes a hot-working process in which a continuously cast slab having a specific component is reheated to 1100 to 1350 ° C, the strain rate at 1000 ° C or higher is 0.05 to 3 / s, and the cumulative reduction is 15% or higher. Describes a method for producing a thick steel plate having excellent weldability and ductility in the thickness direction.
- JP-A-55-114404 JP-A 61-273201 Japanese Patent No. 3333619 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-194431 JP 2000-263103 A JP 2006-1111918 A JP 2010-106298 A
- Non-Patent Document 1 it is necessary to repeatedly perform rolling with a high rolling shape ratio in order to obtain a steel sheet with good inner quality.
- the range exceeds the upper limit of the equipment specifications of the rolling mill. There is a problem.
- board thickness center part becomes inadequate, there exists a possibility that center porosity remains and improvement of an internal quality cannot be achieved.
- Patent Documents 3 to 7 are effective in reducing the center porosity and improving the center segregation zone, these techniques have a yield strength of 500 MPa or more and a large amount of alloy addition.
- the toughness deteriorates due to the trade-off relationship as the material becomes stronger and thicker, so it has been difficult to secure the toughness at the center of the plate thickness at ⁇ 60 ° C. by the conventional rolling method or forging method.
- the present invention advantageously solves the above-mentioned problems, and even in a thick high-strength steel sheet that needs to increase the amount of alloying elements added, it has a high thickness and excellent strength, elongation and toughness at the center of the thickness.
- the object is to provide a tensile steel sheet together with its advantageous production method.
- the inventors have conducted intensive research on the microstructure control factors inside the steel sheet, particularly with respect to the strength, elongation and toughness at the center of the sheet thickness, especially for thick steel sheets with a thickness of 100 mm or more. The following findings were obtained.
- the steel composition In order to obtain good strength and toughness at the center of the plate thickness where the cooling rate is remarkably slow compared to the steel plate surface, the steel composition should be selected appropriately, and the microstructure should be reduced even at a slow cooling rate. It is important to have a martensite and / or bainite structure.
- the present invention has been completed with further studies based on the above-described findings.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. 1. In mass%, C: 0.08 to 0.20%, Si: 0.40% or less, Mn: 0.5 to 5.0%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.0050% or less, Ni: 5.0% or less, Ti: 0.005 to 0.020%, Al : 0.080% or less, N: 0.0070% or less and B: 0.0030% or less, further Cu: 0.50% or less, Cr: 3.0% or less, Mo: 1.50% or less, V: 0.200% or less and Nb: 0.100% or less
- Ceq IIW C + Mn / 6 + (Cu + Ni) / 15 + (Cr + Mo + V) / 5 (1)
- each element symbol is the content (% by mass) in the steel, and those not contained are calculated as 0.
- Mg 0.0005 to 0.0100%
- Ta 0.01 to 0.20%
- Zr 0.005 to 0.1%
- Y 0.001 to 0.01%
- Ca 0.0005 to 0.0050%
- REM 0.0005 to 0.0200%
- the steel plate After cooling, the steel plate is cooled to form a thick steel plate, and then the thick steel plate is reheated to Ac 3 to 1050 ° C and then rapidly cooled to 350 ° C or below and then tempered at 550 to 700 ° C.
- a method for producing thick, high toughness, high strength steel sheets with excellent properties is reheated to Ac 3 to 1050 ° C and then rapidly cooled to 350 ° C or below and then tempered at 550 to 700 ° C.
- a steel plate having a thickness of 100 mm or more which is excellent in the strength, elongation and toughness of the base material and excellent in material uniformity, and is capable of increasing the size of the steel structure and the safety of the steel structure.
- good characteristics can be obtained without taking measures such as increasing the size of the continuous casting equipment. be able to.
- C 0.08 to 0.20% C is an element useful for obtaining inexpensively the strength required for structural steel, and at least 0.08% of addition is required to obtain the effect. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.20%, the toughness of the base metal and the welded portion is remarkably deteriorated, so the upper limit is made 0.20%. A more preferable amount of C is in the range of 0.08 to 0.14%.
- Si 0.40% or less Si is added for deoxidation, but if added over 0.40%, the toughness of the base metal and the weld heat-affected zone is remarkably lowered, so the Si amount is 0.40% or less.
- a more preferable Si amount is in the range of 0.05 to 0.30%, and a still more preferable Si amount is in the range of 0.1 to 0.30%.
- Mn 0.5-5.0% Mn is added from the viewpoint of securing the strength of the base material. However, the effect of adding less than 0.5% is not sufficient, while adding more than 5.0% not only deteriorates the toughness of the base material, The upper limit is set to 5.0% to promote center segregation and increase the slab porosity. A more preferable amount of Mn is in the range of 0.6 to 2.0%, and a more preferable amount of Mn is in the range of 0.6 to 1.6%.
- P 0.015% or less
- the toughness of the base metal and the weld heat affected zone is remarkably reduced, so the content is limited to 0.015% or less.
- the lower limit value of the P amount is not particularly limited, and may be 0%.
- S 0.0050% or less If S is contained in excess of 0.0050%, the toughness of the base metal and the weld heat-affected zone is remarkably reduced, so the content is limited to 0.0050% or less. Note that the lower limit of the amount of S is not particularly limited, and may be 0%.
- Ni 5.0% or less Ni is a beneficial element that improves the strength of the steel and the toughness of the heat affected zone of the steel. However, if added over 5.0%, the economic efficiency is significantly reduced, so the upper limit of Ni content is 5.0. %. A more preferable amount of Ni is in the range of 0.5 to 4.0%.
- Ti produces TiN during heating, effectively suppresses coarsening of austenite and improves the toughness of the base metal and the weld heat affected zone, so it is contained in an amount of 0.005% or more. However, if Ti is added in excess of 0.020%, Ti nitride becomes coarse and the toughness of the base material decreases, so the Ti content is in the range of 0.005 to 0.020%. A more preferable Ti amount is in the range of 0.008 to 0.015%.
- Al 0.080% or less Al is added to sufficiently deoxidize molten steel, but adding more than 0.080% increases the amount of Al that dissolves in the base metal, reducing the base metal toughness.
- Al content is 0.080% or less.
- a more preferable Al amount is in the range of 0.030 to 0.080%, and a further preferable Al amount is in the range of 0.030 to 0.060%.
- N 0.0070% or less N has the effect of refining the structure by forming a nitride such as Ti and improving the toughness of the base metal and the weld heat affected zone, but if added over 0.0070%, the base material The amount of N dissolved therein increases, the toughness of the base metal decreases remarkably, and coarse carbonitrides are formed also in the weld heat affected zone to reduce the toughness. Therefore, the N amount is set to 0.0070% or less. A more preferable N amount is 0.0050% or less, and a still more preferable N amount is 0.0040% or less. Note that the lower limit value of the N amount is not particularly limited, and may be 0%.
- B 0.0030% or less B has the effect of suppressing the ferrite transformation from the grain boundary by segregating at the austenite grain boundary and improving the hardenability, but when added over 0.0030%, it precipitates as carbonitride. Since the hardenability is lowered and the toughness is lowered, the B content is made 0.0030% or less. A more preferable amount of B is in the range of 0.0003 to 0.0030%, and a more preferable amount of B is in the range of 0.0005 to 0.0020%. Note that the lower limit value of the B amount is not particularly limited, and may be 0%.
- one or more selected from Cu, Cr, Mo, V and Nb are contained for the purpose of further improving the strength and toughness.
- Cu 0.50% or less Cu can improve the strength of the steel without impairing toughness, but if added over 0.50%, it will crack on the surface of the steel sheet during hot working, so it should be 0.50% or less.
- the lower limit of the amount of Cu is not particularly limited, and may be 0%.
- Cr 3.0% or less Cr is an element effective for increasing the strength of the base metal, but if added in a large amount, the weldability is lowered.
- a more preferable amount of Cr from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost is in the range of 0.1 to 2.0%.
- Mo 1.50% or less Mo is an element effective for increasing the strength of the base metal, but if added over 1.50%, the strength is increased by precipitation of hard alloy carbides and the toughness is lowered. 1.50%.
- a more preferable amount of Mn is in the range of 0.02 to 0.80%.
- V 0.200% or less V is effective in improving the strength and toughness of the base metal, and is effective in reducing solid solution N by being precipitated as VN, but if added over 0.200%, it is hard. Since the toughness of steel decreases due to precipitation of VC, the V content is 0.200% or less. A more preferable amount of V is in the range of 0.005 to 0.100%.
- Nb 0.100% or less Nb is effective because it is effective in improving the strength of the base material. However, if it exceeds 0.100%, the toughness of the base material is remarkably lowered, so the upper limit is made 0.100%. A more preferable Nb amount is 0.025% or less.
- Mg 0.0005-0.0100%
- Mg is an effective element for forming a stable oxide at high temperature, effectively suppressing the coarsening of old ⁇ (austenite) grains in the weld heat affected zone, and improving the toughness of the weld zone. It is preferable to contain 0.0005% or more. However, if Mg is added in excess of 0.0100%, the amount of inclusions increases and the toughness decreases, so when adding Mg, it is preferably 0.0100% or less. A more preferable Mg amount is in the range of 0.0005 to 0.0050%.
- Ta 0.01-0.20%
- the amount of Ta added is less than 0.01%, a clear effect cannot be obtained.
- the amount of Ta is preferably 0.01 to 0.20%. .
- Zr 0.005-0.1%
- Zr is an element effective in increasing the strength. However, when the amount added is less than 0.005%, a remarkable effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when Zr exceeds 0.1%, coarse precipitates are generated and the toughness is increased. Therefore, the Zr content is preferably 0.005 to 0.1%.
- Y 0.001 to 0.01%
- Y is an element effective for forming a stable oxide at a high temperature, effectively suppressing the coarsening of old ⁇ grains in the weld heat affected zone, and improving the toughness of the weld zone.
- the Y amount is preferably 0.001 to 0.01%.
- Ca 0.0005 to 0.0050%
- Ca is an element useful for controlling the morphology of sulfide inclusions, and 0.0005% or more is preferably added in order to exert its effect. However, if Ca is added over 0.0050%, the cleanliness is lowered and the toughness is deteriorated. Therefore, when Ca is added, the content is preferably 0.0005 to 0.0050%. A more preferable amount of Ca is in the range of 0.0005 to 0.0025%.
- REM 0.0005-0.0200% REM, like Ca, has the effect of improving the material by forming oxides and sulfides in steel, and 0.0005% or more must be added to obtain the effect. On the other hand, even if REM is added in excess of 0.0200%, the effect is saturated. Therefore, when REM is added, it is preferably 0.0200% or less. A more preferable REM amount is in the range of 0.0005 to 0.0100%.
- Ceq IIW 0.55-0.80
- an appropriate component which is defined by the following formula (1) It is necessary to adjust the components so that Ceq IIW (%) satisfies the relationship of 0.55 to 0.80.
- Ceq IIW C + Mn / 6 + (Cu + Ni) / 15 + (Cr + Mo + V) / 5 (1)
- each element symbol in a formula shows content (mass%) of each element.
- the present invention for a thick steel plate having a component composition as described above having a thickness of 100 mm or more, by applying a forging process described later, the center porosity of the thick steel plate is crimped, It becomes possible to make it substantially harmless. Further, by applying a hot working process described later, the strength, ductility and toughness at the center of the plate thickness can be improved.
- the yield strength at the center of the plate thickness is 500 MPa or more, and the plate at the center of the plate thickness is The drawing value by tensile in the thickness direction can be 40% or more, and the low temperature toughness at ⁇ 60 ° C. at the center of the plate thickness can be 70 J or more.
- the hardness distribution in the plate thickness direction is generally higher in the steel plate surface and decreases as it reaches the center of the plate thickness. If it is inappropriate and hardenability is insufficient, it becomes a structure mainly composed of ferrite and upper bainite, and the change in hardness distribution in the thickness direction (the difference in hardness between the surface and the center of the thickness) becomes large, and the material uniformity. Deteriorates.
- the microstructure can be changed to a martensite and / or bainite structure by appropriately adjusting the steel plate components and ensuring hardenability.
- the uniformity can be further improved.
- the average hardness (HVS) of the plate thickness surface and the average hardness (HVC) of the plate thickness center are, for example, a position 2 mm center side and a plate thickness center position from the steel plate surface in a cross section parallel to the longitudinal direction of the steel plate. Can be obtained by measuring the hardness of several points respectively and averaging these.
- the temperature “° C.” means the temperature at the center of the plate thickness.
- it is essential to subject the steel material to hot forging under the conditions described below in order to make casting defects such as center porosity in the steel material harmless.
- Hot forging conditions for steel materials Heating temperature: 1200-1350 °C
- a slab having the above composition or a steel material of a slab is melted by a generally known method such as a converter, electric furnace, vacuum melting furnace or the like, continuously cast, and then heated to 1200 to 1350 ° C.
- the heating temperature is less than 1200 ° C.
- the predetermined cumulative reduction amount and the lower temperature limit in hot forging cannot be ensured, and the deformation resistance during hot forging is high, so that a sufficient reduction amount per pass cannot be ensured.
- the increase in the number of required passes not only causes a decrease in production efficiency, but also prevents casting defects such as center porosity in the steel material from being pressed and made harmless, so the slab heating temperature is 1200 ° C. That's it.
- the heating temperature exceeds 1350 ° C, a large amount of energy is consumed, surface flaws are likely to occur due to the scale during heating, and the maintenance load after hot forging increases, so the upper limit is set to 1350 ° C.
- Hot forging in the present invention is performed by a pair of opposed molds having a long side in the width direction of the continuous cast slab and a short side in the traveling direction of the continuous cast slab, as shown in FIG.
- the feature of the hot forging of the present invention is that the short sides of the opposing molds have different lengths.
- reference numeral 1 is an upper mold
- 2 is a lower mold
- 3 is a slab.
- the short side length of the mold having the shorter short side (the upper mold in FIG. 1)
- the shorter side facing the long side is longer.
- the strain distribution inside the steel can be made asymmetric. As a result, it becomes possible not to match the position where the strain applied during forging is minimized and the position where the center porosity of the continuous casting slab is generated. As a result, the center porosity can be made more harmless. is there.
- the die used for hot forging in the present invention has a short side length of 1.1 from the short side length of the pair of opposed dies, assuming that the short side length of the short side is 1. It is important to set it to 3.0.
- the mold having the shorter short side length may be above or below the continuous casting slab, and the short side length of the opposing mold satisfies the above ratio. good. That is, in FIG. 1, the lower mold may be a mold having a shorter short side length.
- FIG. 2 shows that the upper and lower molds have the same short side length (conventional mold represented by white circles in the figure), and the short side length ratio between the short side and the long side is 2.5.
- a mold a mold according to the present invention represented by a black circle in the figure
- the conditions for hot forging using the above mold are the same except for the shape of the mold, heating temperature: 1250 ° C., processing start temperature: 1215 ° C., processing end temperature: 1050 ° C., cumulative reduction amount: 16%, Strain rate: 0.1 / s, maximum 1-pass reduction amount: 8%, no processing in the width direction.
- FIG. 2 it can be seen that the hot forging using the mold according to the present invention can impart sufficient strain to the center of the slab.
- Hot forging temperature 1000 ° C or more
- the deformation resistance during hot forging increases, so the load on the forging machine increases and the center porosity is reliably rendered harmless. Since it cannot be used, the temperature is set to 1000 ° C.
- the upper limit of the forging temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 1350 ° C. from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost.
- Cumulative reduction of hot forging 15% or more If the cumulative reduction of hot forging is less than 15%, casting defects such as center porosity in the steel material cannot be crimped and made harmless. And The larger the cumulative reduction amount, the more effective the detoxification of casting defects, but the upper limit of this cumulative reduction amount is about 30% from the viewpoint of manufacturability.
- thickness is increased by hot forging the width direction of a continuous casting slab, it is set as the cumulative reduction amount from the thickness.
- one pass or more with a reduction rate of 5% or more per pass during hot forging it is preferable to ensure. More preferably, the rolling reduction per pass is 7% or more.
- Strain rate of hot forging 3 / s or less If the strain rate of hot forging exceeds 3 / s, the deformation resistance during hot forging increases, the load on the forging machine increases, and the center porosity is rendered harmless. 3 / s or less because it cannot be done. If the strain rate is less than 0.01 / s, the hot forging time becomes longer and the productivity is lowered. A more preferred strain rate is in the range of 0.05 / s to 1 / s.
- At least two passes with a reduction rate of 4% or more after reheating to Ac 3 points or more and 1250 ° C. or less are performed.
- Hot rolling is performed twice. By performing such rolling, it becomes possible to apply sufficient processing to the center portion of the plate thickness, and the structure can be refined by promoting recrystallization, and the mechanical characteristics can be improved.
- the number of passes is preferably 10 passes or less.
- the Ar 3 transformation point is a value calculated by the following equation (3).
- Ar 3 (° C) 910-310C-80Mn-20Cu-15Cr-55Ni-80Mo (3)
- each element symbol in Formula (3) shows the content (mass%) in steel of each alloy element.
- the temperature at the center of the plate thickness can be obtained by simulation calculation or the like from the plate thickness, surface temperature, cooling conditions, and the like.
- the plate thickness center temperature is obtained by calculating the temperature distribution in the plate thickness direction using the difference method.
- the quenching method is generally water cooling industrially, but since it is desirable that the cooling rate be as fast as possible, the cooling method may be other than water cooling, for example, gas cooling.
- Tempering temperature 550-700 ° C After quenching, tempering at 550 to 700 ° C is less effective at removing residual stresses at temperatures below 550 ° C. On the other hand, at temperatures above 700 ° C, various carbides precipitate and the matrix structure becomes coarse, resulting in strength. This is because the toughness is greatly reduced. In particular, tempering at a temperature of preferably 600 ° C. or higher, more preferably 650 ° C. or higher is suitable for adjusting the yield strength and improving the low temperature toughness in the tempering process.
- it may be repeatedly quenched for the purpose of toughening the steel, and may be repeatedly quenched in the present invention, but in the final quenching, after heating to Ac 3 to 1050 ° C, It is necessary to rapidly cool to below 350 ° C and then temper at 550-700 ° C.
- desired characteristics can be obtained even when the rolling ratio from the slab before processing is 3 or less, which has been difficult in the prior art to obtain the above-described excellent characteristics.
- a steel sheet having excellent strength and toughness can be produced by quenching and tempering.
- Tensile test A round bar tensile test piece ( ⁇ : 12.5mm, GL: 50mm) was taken from the center of the thickness of each steel plate in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction, yield strength (YS), and tensile strength (TS). was measured.
Abstract
Description
特に本発明は、板厚中心部における降伏強度が500MPa以上で、板厚中心部における板厚方向引張による絞り値が40%以上で、板厚中心部における-60℃での低温靭性が70J以上である、板厚が100mm以上の厚肉高靭性高張力鋼板に関するものである。
本発明において、材質均一性に優れるとは、板厚方向における硬度差が小さいことをいう。
1.質量%で、C:0.08~0.20%、Si:0.40%以下、Mn:0.5~5.0%、P:0.015%以下、S:0.0050%以下、Ni:5.0%以下、Ti:0.005~0.020%、Al:0.080%以下、N:0.0070%以下およびB:0.0030%以下を含有し、さらにCu:0.50%以下、Cr:3.0%以下、Mo:1.50%以下、V:0.200%以下およびNb:0.100%以下のうちから選んだ1種または2種以上を含有し、下記(1)式に示す関係式CeqIIWが0.55~0.80を満たし、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる鋼板であって、板厚中心部における降伏強度が500MPa以上、板厚中心部における板厚方向引張による絞り値が40%以上、板厚中心部における-60℃での低温靭性が70J以上である、板厚が100mm以上の材質均一性に優れた厚肉高靭性高張力鋼板。
記
CeqIIW = C+Mn/6+(Cu+Ni)/15+(Cr+Mo+V)/5 ・・・ (1)
上掲式において各元素記号は鋼中の含有量(質量%)とし、含有しないものは0として計算する。
前記1または2に記載の成分組成になる連続鋳造スラブを、1200~1350℃に加熱後、対向する金型の短辺が異なる金型で、短辺が短い方の短辺長さを1とした場合、短辺が長い方の短辺長さが1.1~3.0となる金型を用い、温度:1000℃以上、歪速度:3/s以下、累積圧下量:15%以上の条件で熱間鍛造を行ったのち、放冷して鋼素材とし、該鋼素材を、再度Ac3点~1250℃に加熱後、1パス当たりの圧下率が4%以上のパスを少なくとも2回行う熱間圧延を行ったのち、放冷して厚肉鋼板とし、ついで該厚肉鋼板を、Ac3点~1050℃に再々加熱後、350℃以下まで急冷したのち、550~700℃で焼戻す、材質均一性に優れた厚肉高靭性高張力鋼板の製造方法。
まず、本発明における、鋼板成分の適正範囲を説明する。なお、鋼板成分における各元素の含有量の%表示は全て、質量%である。
Cは、構造用鋼に求められる強度を安価に得るために有用な元素であり、その効果を得るためには少なくとも0.08%の添加を必要とする。一方、0.20%を超えて含有すると、母材および溶接部の靭性を顕著に劣化させるため上限は0.20%とする。より好ましいC量は0.08~0.14%の範囲である。
Siは、脱酸のために添加するが、0.40%を超えて添加すると母材および溶接熱影響部の靭性が顕著に低下するため、Si量は0.40%以下とする。より好ましいSi量は0.05~0.30%の範囲、さらに好ましいSi量は0.1~0.30%の範囲である。
Mnは、母材強度を確保する観点から添加するが、0.5%未満の添加ではその効果が十分でなく、一方5.0%を超えてMnを添加すると、母材の靭性が劣化するだけではなく、中心偏析を助長し、スラブのポロシティを大型化するため上限は5.0%とする。より好ましいMn量は0.6~2.0%の範囲、さらに好ましいMn量は0.6~1.6%の範囲である。
Pは、0.015%を超えて含有すると、母材および溶接熱影響部の靭性を著しく低下させるため0.015%以下に制限する。なお、P量の下限値は特に限定されず0%であっても良い。
Sは、0.0050%を超えて含有すると、母材および溶接熱影響部の靭性を顕著に低下させるため、0.0050%以下に制限する。なお、S量の下限値は特に限定されず0%であっても良い。
Niは、鋼の強度および溶接熱影響部の靭性を向上させる有益な元素であるが、5.0%を超えて添加すると、経済性が著しく低下するため、Ni量の上限は5.0%とする。より好ましいNi量は0.5~4.0%の範囲である。
Tiは、加熱時にTiNを生成し、オーステナイトの粗大化を効果的に抑制し、母材および溶接熱影響部の靭性を向上させるので、0.005%以上含有させる。しかし、0.020%を超えてTiを添加すると、Ti窒化物が粗大化し母材の靭性を低下させるので、Ti量は0.005~0.020%の範囲とする。より好ましいTi量は0.008~0.015%の範囲である。
Alは、溶鋼を十分に脱酸するために添加されるが、0.080%を超えて添加すると母材中に固溶するAl量が多くなり、母材靭性を低下させるので、Al量は0.080%以下とする。より好ましいAl量は0.030~0.080%の範囲、さらに好ましいAl量は0.030~0.060%の範囲である。
Nは、Tiなどと窒化物を形成することによって組織を微細化し、母材および溶接熱影響部の靭性を向上させる効果を有するが、0.0070%を超えて添加すると、母材中に固溶するN量が増大し、母材靭性が著しく低下し、さらに溶接熱影響部においても粗大な炭窒化物を形成し靭性を低下させるので、N量は0.0070%以下とする。より好ましいN量は0.0050%以下、さらに好ましいN量は0.0040%以下である。なお、N量の下限値は特に限定されず0%であっても良い。
Bは、オーステナイト粒界に偏析することで粒界からのフェライト変態を抑制し、焼入性を高める効果を有するが、0.0030%を超えて添加すると、炭窒化物として析出し焼入性を低下させ、靭性が低下するので、B量は0.0030%以下とする。より好ましいB量は0.0003~0.0030%の範囲、さらに好ましいB量は0.0005~0.0020%の範囲である。なお、B量の下限値は特に限定されず0%であっても良い。
Cu:0.50%以下
Cuは、靭性を損なうことなく鋼の強度の向上が図れるが、0.50%より多く添加すると熱間加工時に鋼板表面に割れを生じるので0.50%以下とする。なお、Cu量の下限値は特に限定されず0%であっても良い。
Crは、母材の高強度化に有効な元素であるが、多量に添加すると溶接性を低下させるので、3.0%以下とする。製造コストの観点からより好ましいCr量は0.1~2.0%の範囲である。
Moは、母材の高強度化に有効な元素であるが、1.50%を超えて添加すると硬質の合金炭化物の析出による強度の上昇を引き起こして靭性を低下させるので、上限を1.50%とする。より好ましいMn量は0.02~0.80%の範囲である。
Vは、母材の強度・靭性の向上に効果があり、またVNとして析出することで、固溶Nの低減に有効であるが、0.200%を超えて添加すると、硬質なVCの析出によって鋼の靭性が低下するので、V量は0.200%以下とする。より好ましいV量は0.005~0.100%の範囲である
Nbは、母材の強度の向上に効果があるため有効であるが、0.100%を超える添加は母材の靭性を顕著に低下させるため上限を0.100%とする。より好ましいNb量は0.025%以下である。
Mg:0.0005~0.0100%
Mgは、高温で安定な酸化物を形成し、溶接熱影響部の旧γ(オーステナイト)粒の粗大化を効果的に抑制し、溶接部の靭性を向上させるのに有効な元素であるので、0.0005%以上含有させることが好ましい。しかし、0.0100%を超えてMgを添加すると、介在物量が増加し靭性が低下するので、Mgを添加する場合は、0.0100%以下とするのが好ましい。より好ましいMg量は0.0005~0.0050%の範囲である。
Taは、適正量添加すると、強度向上に有効である。しかし、Taの添加量が0.01%未満の場合は明瞭な効果が得られず、一方0.20%を超える場合は析出物生成によって靭性が低下するため、Ta量は0.01~0.20%とするのが好ましい。
Zrは、強度上昇に有効な元素であるが、添加量が0.005%未満の場合は顕著な効果が得られず、一方0.1%を超えるZr添加の場合は粗大な析出物を生成して、靭性の低下を来すため、Zr量は0.005~0.1%とするのが好ましい。
Yは、高温で安定な酸化物を形成し、溶接熱影響部の旧γ粒の粗大化を効果的に抑制し、溶接部の靭性を向上させるのに有効な元素である。しかし、0.001%未満のY添加では効果が得られず、一方0.01%を超えてYを添加すると介在物量が増加し靭性が低下するので、Y量は0.001~0.01%とするのが好ましい。
Caは、硫化物系介在物の形態制御に有用な元素であり、その効果を発揮させるためには、0.0005%以上添加することが好ましい。しかし、0.0050%を超えてCaを添加すると、清浄度の低下を招き靭性を劣化させるので、Caを添加する場合は、0.0005~0.0050%とするのが好ましい。より好ましいCa量は0.0005~0.0025%の範囲である。
REMも、Caと同様、鋼中で酸化物および硫化物を形成して材質を改善する効果があり、その効果を得るためには0.0005%以上の添加が必要である。一方、0.0200%を超えてREMを添加しても、その効果が飽和するため、REMを添加する場合は、0.0200%以下とするのが好ましい。より好ましいREM量は0.0005~0.0100%の範囲である。
CeqIIW(%):0.55~0.80
本発明では、板厚中心部において降伏強度500MPa以上の強度と、-60℃における良好な低温靭性を確保するために、適切な成分の添加が必要であり、次式(1)式で定義するCeqIIW(%)が 0.55~0.80の関係を満たすように成分を調整する必要がある。
CeqIIW =C+Mn/6+(Cu+Ni)/15+(Cr+Mo+V)/5 ・・・ (1)
なお、式中の各元素記号はそれぞれの元素の含有量(質量%)を示す。
また、その後、後述する熱間加工プロセスを適用することにより、板厚中心部における強度、延性および靱性を向上させることができ、板厚中心部における降伏強度を500MPa以上、板厚中心部における板厚方向引張による絞り値を40%以上、板厚中心部における-60℃での低温靭性を70J以上とすることができる。
本発明においては、前述したとおり鋼板成分を適切に調整して、焼入性を確保することにより、ミクロ組織を、マルテンサイトおよび/またはベイナイト組織とすることが可能である。
特に、板厚方向の硬度分布において、板厚表面の平均硬さ(HVS)と板厚中心部の平均硬さ(HVC)の差ΔHV(=HVS-HVC)を30以下とすることにより、材質均一性の一層の向上を図ることができる。
なお、板厚表面の平均硬さ(HVS)および板厚中心部の平均硬さ(HVC)は、例えば、鋼板長手方向に平行な断面において、鋼板表面から2mm中心側の位置および板厚中心位置でそれぞれ数点硬さを測定し、これらを平均することで求めることができる。
以下の説明において、温度「℃」は、板厚中心部における温度を意味するものとする。特に、本発明における厚鋼板の製造方法では、鋼素材中のセンターポロシティなどの鋳造欠陥を無害化させるため、以下に述べる条件で鋼素材に熱間鍛造を施すことを必須とする。
加熱温度:1200~1350℃
上述の組成を有する鋳片または鋼片の鋼素材を、転炉、電気炉、真空溶解炉等、通常公知の方法で溶製し、連続鋳造したのち、1200~1350℃に加熱する。加熱温度が1200℃未満では、熱間鍛造における所定の累積圧下量と温度下限を確保できず、また熱間鍛造時の変形抵抗が高く、1パスあたりの十分な圧下量を確保できない。その結果、必要パス数が増加することで、製造能率の低下を招くだけでなく、鋼素材中のセンターポロシティなどの鋳造欠陥を圧着して無害化することができないため、スラブ加熱温度は1200℃以上とする。一方、加熱温度が1350℃を超えると、多大なエネルギーを消費し、加熱時のスケールにより表面疵が生じやすくなり、熱間鍛造後の手入れ負荷が増大するため、上限は1350℃とする。
図1中、符号1が上金型、2が下金型、3がスラブである。
図2より明らかなように、本発明に従う金型を用いた熱間鍛造の方が、スラブ中心まで、十分な歪を付与できていることが分かる。
熱間鍛造の鍛造温度が1000℃未満の場合、熱間鍛造時の変形抵抗が高くなるため、鍛造機への負荷が大きくなり、センターポロシティを確実に無害化することができなくなるため1000℃以上とする。なお、鍛造温度の上限に特に限定はないが、製造コストの観点から1350℃程度が好ましい。
熱間鍛造の累積圧下量が15%未満の場合、鋼素材中のセンターポロシティなどの鋳造欠陥を圧着して無害化することができないため、15%以上とする。累積圧下量は大きいほど鋳造欠陥の無害化に有効であるが、製造性の観点からこの累積圧下量の上限値は30%程度とする。なお、連続鋳造スラブの幅方向を熱間鍛造することで厚みを増した場合は、その厚みからの累積圧下量とする。
また、特に板厚が120mm以上の厚肉鋼板を製造する場合は、センターポロシティを確実に無害化するため、熱間鍛造時の1パスあたりの圧下率が5%以上となるパスを1パス以上確保することが好ましい。より好ましくは、1パスあたりの圧下率が7%以上である。
熱間鍛造の歪速度が3/sを超えると、熱間鍛造時の変形抵抗が高くなり、鍛造機への負荷が増大し、センターポロシティを無害化することができなくなるため3/s以下とする。
なお、歪速度が0.01/s未満になると、熱間鍛造時間が長くなって生産性の低下を招くため、0.01/s以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましい歪速度は0.05/s~1/sの範囲である。
熱間鍛造後の鋼素材の再加熱温度:Ac3点~1250℃
熱間鍛造後の鋼素材をAc3変態点以上に再加熱するのは、鋼をオーステナイト組織一相に均一化するためであり、加熱温度としてはAc3点以上1250℃以下とする必要がある。
ここで、本発明では、Ac3変態点を、次式(2)により計算される値とする。
Ac3(℃)=937.2-476.5C+56Si-19.7Mn-16.3Cu-26.6Ni-4.9Cr+38.1Mo+124.8V+136.3Ti+198.4Al+3315B ・・・(2)
なお、(2)式中での各元素記号はそれぞれの合金元素の鋼中含有量(質量%)を示す。
本発明では、Ac3点以上1250℃以下に再加熱後、1パス当たりの圧下率が4%以上のパスを少なくとも2回行う熱間圧延を行う。このような圧延を行うことで、板厚中心部に十分な加工を加えることが可能となり、再結晶の促進により組織が微細化し、機械的特性の向上を図ることができる。なお、この熱間圧延におけるパス回数が少ないほど機械的特性が向上するため、パス回数は10パス以下とするのが好適である。
板厚中心部での強度と靭性を向上させるために、本発明では熱間圧延後、放冷し、Ac3点~1050℃に再々加熱したのち、少なくともAr3点の温度から350℃以下まで急冷する。再々加熱温度を1050℃以下とするのは、1050℃を超える高温の再加熱ではオーステナイト粒の粗大化による母材靭性の低下が著しいためである。
ここで、本発明では、Ar3変態点を、次式(3)により計算される値とする。
Ar3(℃)=910-310C-80Mn-20Cu-15Cr-55Ni-80Mo ・・・ (3)
なお、(3)式中での各元素記号はそれぞれの合金元素の鋼中含有量(質量%)を示す。
急冷の方法は、工業的には水冷とすることが一般的であるが、冷却速度は可能な限り速いほうが望ましいため、冷却方法は水冷以外でも良く、例えばガス冷却などの方法もある。
急冷後、550~700℃で焼戻すのは、550℃未満では残留応力の除去効果が少なく、一方700℃を超える温度では、種々の炭化物が析出するとともに、母材の組織が粗大化し、強度、靭性が大幅に低下するためである。特に、焼戻し過程において、降伏強度を調整して、低温靭性を向上させるには、好ましくは600℃以上、より好ましくは650℃以上の温度での焼戻しが適している。
各鋼板の板厚中心部から、圧延方向と直角方向に丸棒引張試験片(Φ:12.5mm、 GL:50mm)を採取し、降伏強度(YS)、引張強度(TS)を測定した。
各鋼板について板厚方向に丸棒引張試験片(φ10mm)を3本採取し、破断後の絞りを測定し、その最小値で評価した。
各鋼板の板厚中心部から、圧延方向を長手方向とする2mmVノッチシャルピー試験片を各3本ずつ採取し、各試験片について-60℃でシャルピー衝撃試験により吸収エネルギー(VE-60)を測定し、それぞれ3本の平均値を求めた。
各鋼板の鋼板長手方向に平行な断面の硬度が測定できるように、表面および板厚中心から硬度測定用試験片を採取した。これらの試験片を、埋め込み研磨した後、表面位置は表面から2mm中心側の位置を、また板厚中心はまさに板厚中心位置をビッカース硬度計を用いて荷重98N(10kgf)でそれぞれ3点ずつ測定し、その平均値を各位置の平均硬さとした。そして、(板厚表面の平均硬さ-板厚中心部の平均硬さ)を硬度差ΔHVとした。
上記の試験結果を表3に併記する。
これに対し、試料No.22~44は、成分、製造条件が好適範囲から外れているため、上記のいずれかの特性が劣っていた。
2 下金型
3 スラブ
Claims (5)
- 質量%で、C:0.08~0.20%、Si:0.40%以下、Mn:0.5~5.0%、P:0.015%以下、S:0.0050%以下、Ni:5.0%以下、Ti:0.005~0.020%、Al:0.080%以下、N:0.0070%以下およびB:0.0030%以下を含有し、さらにCu:0.50%以下、Cr:3.0%以下、Mo:1.50%以下、V:0.200%以下およびNb:0.100%以下のうちから選んだ1種または2種以上を含有し、下記(1)式に示す関係式CeqIIWが0.55~0.80を満たし、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる鋼板であって、板厚中心部における降伏強度が500MPa以上、板厚中心部における板厚方向引張による絞り値が40%以上、板厚中心部における-60℃での低温靭性が70J以上である、板厚が100mm以上の材質均一性に優れた厚肉高靭性高張力鋼板。
記
CeqIIW = C+Mn/6+(Cu+Ni)/15+(Cr+Mo+V)/5 ・・・ (1)
上掲式において各元素記号は鋼中の含有量(質量%)とし、含有しないものは0として計算する。 - さらに、質量%で、Mg:0.0005~0.0100%、Ta:0.01~0.20%、Zr:0.005~0.1%、Y:0.001~0.01%、Ca:0.0005~0.0050%およびREM:0.0005~0.0200%のうちから選んだ1種または2種以上を含有する請求項1に記載の材質均一性に優れた厚肉高靭性高張力鋼板。
- 板厚方向の硬度分布について、板厚表面の平均硬さ(HVS)と板厚中心部の平均硬さ(HVC)の差ΔHV(=HVS-HVC)が30以下である請求項1または2に記載の材質均一性に優れた厚肉高靭性高張力鋼板。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の厚肉高靭性高張力鋼板を製造する方法であって、
請求項1または2に記載の成分組成になる連続鋳造スラブを、1200~1350℃に加熱後、対向する金型の短辺が異なる金型で、短辺が短い方の短辺長さを1とした場合、短辺が長い方の短辺長さが1.1~3.0となる金型を用い、温度:1000℃以上、歪速度:3/s以下、累積圧下量:15%以上の条件で熱間鍛造を行ったのち、放冷して鋼素材とし、該鋼素材を、再度Ac3点~1250℃に加熱後、1パス当たりの圧下率が4%以上のパスを少なくとも2回行う熱間圧延を行ったのち、放冷して厚肉鋼板とし、ついで該厚肉鋼板を、Ac3点~1050℃に再々加熱後、350℃以下まで急冷したのち、550~700℃で焼戻す、材質均一性に優れた厚肉高靭性高張力鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記厚肉高靭性高張力鋼板の製造に際し、加工前の前記連続鋳造スラブから熱間圧延後の前記厚肉鋼板までの圧下比を3以下とする請求項4に記載の材質均一性に優れた厚肉高靭性高張力鋼板の製造方法。
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JP (1) | JP5979338B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101988144B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN107109561B (ja) |
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CN107109561A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
US20180155805A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
KR101988144B1 (ko) | 2019-06-11 |
CN107109561B (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
EP3222744A4 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
EP3222744A1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
SG11201703782WA (en) | 2017-06-29 |
JP5979338B1 (ja) | 2016-08-24 |
EP3222744B1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
CA2966476A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
CA2966476C (en) | 2020-05-12 |
WO2016079978A8 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
KR20170066612A (ko) | 2017-06-14 |
US10351926B2 (en) | 2019-07-16 |
JPWO2016079978A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
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