WO2016074531A1 - 索非布韦的制备方法 - Google Patents

索非布韦的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2016074531A1
WO2016074531A1 PCT/CN2015/089735 CN2015089735W WO2016074531A1 WO 2016074531 A1 WO2016074531 A1 WO 2016074531A1 CN 2015089735 W CN2015089735 W CN 2015089735W WO 2016074531 A1 WO2016074531 A1 WO 2016074531A1
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uridine
diether
oxidizing agent
tetraisopropyldisiloxane
methyl
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PCT/CN2015/089735
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许学农
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苏州明锐医药科技有限公司
哲人药业南京有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H19/00Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
    • C07H19/02Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
    • C07H19/04Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
    • C07H19/06Pyrimidine radicals
    • C07H19/10Pyrimidine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H1/00Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H19/00Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
    • C07H19/02Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
    • C07H19/04Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
    • C07H19/06Pyrimidine radicals

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis route design and preparation technology of raw materials and intermediates, and particularly relates to a preparation method of the drug sofosbuvir for treating hepatitis C.
  • Sofosbuvir is an NS5B polymerase inhibitor developed by Pharmasset, acquired by Gilead in 2011, and marketed by Gilead for the treatment of hepatitis C.
  • the drug was approved by the US FDA in December 2013 as part of an antiviral treatment regimen for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) under the trade name Sovaldi.
  • Sofabruvir is the first drug approved for a total oral regimen for hepatitis C, which eliminates the need for traditional injectable drug interferon when used in the treatment of specific genotypes of chronic hepatitis C.
  • Sofosbuvir is: (S)-2-[((2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine- 1-yl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino]propionic acid isopropyl ester (I), the structural formula is:
  • sofosbuvir there have been many reports on the preparation of sofosbuvir, such as the original US patents US7429572B2, US7964580B2, PCT patents WO2006012440, WO2011123668, WO2011123668, WO2012012465 and WO2013040492, Chinese patents CN1816558A, CN101918425A, CN101600725A and CN102906102A, and J.Med. Chem. 2010, 53, 7202-7218, J. Org. Chem., 2011, 76 (20), pp 8311-8319, J. Org. Chem., 2009, 74 (17), pp 6819-6824 and J. Med.
  • Chem., 2005, 48 (17), pp 5504-5508 and the like disclose the preparation of sofosbuvir and its core intermediates from different angles.
  • the above preparation methods were summarized and analyzed, and the synthetic route was prepared by first preparing two core intermediates A and B, and then preparing the target product, sofobuvir by condensation reaction of intermediates A and B.
  • the intermediate A is (2'R)-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'- Methyluridine
  • intermediate B is (2S)-2-((4-nitrophenoxy)phenoxyphosphoryl)amino)propanoic acid isopropyl ester.
  • the above preparation method uses D-glyceraldehyde as a raw material, and is protected by a fork acetone, a retinoic reaction, a bishydroxylation (cis) reaction, a sulfonate protection, a cyclization, a fluorination, a deprotection, More than ten steps of benzoyl protection, chlorination reaction, condensation, hydroxylation conversion, etc., finally obtained intermediate A.
  • the preparation method has many reaction steps, low conversion rate and requires multiple protection and deprotection. Therefore, in view of the existing process defects, the development of a simple and economical environment for the preparation of intermediate A technology can greatly promote the industrial production of sofosbuvir, reduce the manufacturing cost of drugs, and benefit patients.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of sofosbuvir which is easy to obtain raw materials, simple in process, economical and environmentally friendly, and suitable for industrial production.
  • the present invention adopts the following main technical solutions: a preparation method of sofosbuvir (I),
  • the preparation step comprises: using uridine (II) as a raw material, and etherifying with 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane to obtain 3'. , 5'-O-(tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diether)uridine (III), 3',5'-O-(tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3 -diether) uridine (III) is oxidized to give 2'-carbonyl-3',5'-O-(tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diether) uridine (IV), 2 '-Carbonyl-3', 5'-O-(tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diether)uridine (IV) is obtained by carbonyl addition and hydrolysis to give 2'S-2'-methyluridine (V), 2'S-2
  • the oxidizing agent for the oxidation reaction of the 3',5'-O-(tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diether) uridine (III) is Jones oxidant (Cr 2 O 3 /H 2 SO 4 /acetone), Collins oxidant (Cr 2 O 3 ⁇ 2Py), PCC oxidant (Pyrindium Chlorochromate), PDC oxidant (Pyrindium Dichromate), DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) oxidant, active manganese dioxide, Dess-Martin periodinane Or TPAP-NMO oxidant (Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide), preferably PCC oxidant or DMSO oxidant.
  • the DMSO oxidant requires an electrophile such as acetic anhydride/(CH 3 CO) 2 O, trifluoroacetic anhydride/(CF 3 CO) 2 O, dichlorosulfoxide/SOCl 2 or oxalyl chloride/(COCl) 2 as a catalyst.
  • the electrophile is preferably trifluoroacetic anhydride or oxalyl chloride, most preferably oxalyl chloride, i.e., Swern oxidation.
  • the addition reagent for the addition reaction of the 2'-carbonyl-3',5'-O-(tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diether) uridine (IV) is methyllithium, Methyl magnesium iodide or methyl magnesium bromide, preferably methyl magnesium iodide.
  • the temperature at which the 2'-carbonyl-3',5'-O-(tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diether) uridine (IV) undergoes an addition reaction is -78 ° C - room temperature.
  • the solvent for the addition reaction of the 2'-carbonyl-3',5'-O-(tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diether) uridine (IV) is tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl Tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, preferably diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran.
  • the hydroxy selective protecting agent for the 2'S-2'-methyluridine (V) is pivalic acid, pivalic anhydride or pivaloyl chloride, preferably pivaloyl chloride.
  • the fluorinating agent in which the 2'S-2'-methyl-3',5'-di-(O-pivaloyl)uridine (VI) undergoes a fluorination reaction is hydrofluoric acid/pyridine (HF/Pyridine), Tetrabutylammonium fluoride/hydrogen fluoride (Bu 4 NH 2 F 3 ), triethylamine/hydrogen fluoride (Et 3 N.3HF), antimony trifluoride (SbF 3 ), antimony pentafluoride (SbF 5 ), hexafluoride Molybdenum (MoF 6 ), sulfur tetrafluoride (SF 4 ) or diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST), preferably diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST).
  • hydrofluoric acid/pyridine HF/Pyridine
  • Tetrabutylammonium fluoride/hydrogen fluoride Bu 4 NH 2 F 3
  • the temperature at which the 2'S-2'-methyl-3',5'-di-(O-pivaloyl)uridine (VI) undergoes a fluorination reaction is -78 ° C to room temperature, preferably -30 ° C to room temperature.
  • the solvent for the fluorination reaction of the 2'S-2'-methyl-3',5'-di-(O-pivaloyl)uridine (VI) is acetonitrile, dichloromethane or toluene.
  • the preparation method of the sofosbuvir (I) according to the present invention has the characteristics of easy availability of raw materials, simple process and economical environmental protection, thereby facilitating the industrial production of the raw material drug and promoting its economic technology. development of.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:

Abstract

提供了一种以尿苷为原料,经醚化、氧化、加成和缩合等步骤制备索非布韦(Sofbsbuvir,I)的方法,该制备方法原料易得,工艺简洁,经济环保,适合工业化生产。

Description

索非布韦的制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于有机合成路线设计及其原料药和中间体制备技术领域,特别涉及一种用于治疗丙型肝炎的药物索非布韦的制备方法。
背景技术
索非布韦(Sofosbuvir)是一种NS5B聚合酶抑制剂,由Pharmasset公司研制、后被吉利德(Gilead)于2011年收购,并由吉利德公司开发上市的一种用于治疗丙肝的药物。该药2013年12月获得美国FDA批准,作为抗病毒治疗方案的一部分,用于慢性丙型肝炎(HCV)的治疗,其商品名为Sovaldi。索非布韦是首个获批可用于丙型肝炎全口服治疗方案的药物,在用于特定基因型慢性丙型肝炎治疗时,可消除对传统注射药物干扰素的需求。
索非布韦(Sofosbuvir)的化学名为:(S)-2-[(((2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-二氧代-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1-基)-4-氟代-3-羟基-4-甲基四氢呋喃-2-基)甲氧基)(苯氧基)磷酰基氨基]丙酸异丙酯(I),其结构式为:
Figure PCTCN2015089735-appb-000001
索非布韦的制备已有较多的研究报道,如原研的美国专利US7429572B2、US7964580B2,PCT专利WO2006012440、WO2011123668、WO2011123668、WO2012012465和WO2013040492,中国专利CN1816558A、CN101918425A、CN101600725A和CN102906102A,以及J.Med.Chem.2010,53,7202-7218、J.Org.Chem.,2011,76(20),pp 8311-8319、J.Org.Chem.,2009,74(17),pp 6819-6824和J.Med.Chem.,2005,48(17),pp 5504-5508等文献均从不同的角度揭示了索非布韦及其核心中间体的制备方法。总结和分析上述已有的制备方法,其合成路线均是通过首先制备两个核心的中间体A和B,再通过中间体A和B的缩合反应制备得到目标产物索非布韦。如图,中间体A为(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′- 甲基脲苷,中间体B为(2S)-2-(((4-硝基苯氧基)苯氧基磷酰基)氨基)丙酸异丙酯。
Figure PCTCN2015089735-appb-000002
显然,中间体A的制备是索非布韦合成的关键。现有公开文献报道的中间体A的制备方法,都是先制备2R-2-脱氧-2-氟-2-甲基-D-核糖,再与保护的胞苷(碱基)缩合,然后通过碱基上的官能团变化制备得到中间体A。虽然各文献在反应具体条件和工艺参数上有所差异和改进,但其路线大多是按照下图所示的合成路线进行的:
Figure PCTCN2015089735-appb-000003
由此看出,上述制备方法是以D-甘油醛为原料,经过叉丙酮保护、维梯烯反应、双羟基化(顺式)反应、磺酸酯保护、环化、氟化、脱保护、苯甲酰基保护、氯代反应、缩合、羟基化转换等十余步反应,最终制得中间体A。显然,该制备方法反应步骤多、转化率低和需要多次保护和脱保护。所以,针对现存工艺缺陷,开发工艺简洁和经济环保的制备中间体A的技术,可大大促进索非布韦的工业化生产,降低药品的制造成本,造福患者。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种原料易得、工艺简洁、经济环保且适合工业化生产的索非布韦的制备方法。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用了如下主要技术方案:一种索非布韦(I)的制备方法,
Figure PCTCN2015089735-appb-000004
其制备步骤包括:以尿苷(II)为原料,与1,3-二氯-1,1,3,3-四异丙基-1,3-二硅氧烷发生醚化反应得到3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷(III),3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷(III)经氧化反应得到2’-羰基-3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷(IV),2’-羰基-3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷(IV)通过羰基加成和水解得到2’S-2’-甲基尿苷(V),2’S-2’-甲基尿苷(V)经羟基选择性保护得到2’S-2’-甲基-3’,5’-二-(O-特戊酰基)尿苷(VI),2’S-2’-甲基-3’,5’-二-(O-特戊酰基)尿苷(VI)经氟化反应和脱保护得到(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基脲苷(VII),(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基脲苷(VII)与(2S)-2-(((4-硝基苯氧基)苯氧基磷酰基)氨基)丙酸异丙酯(VIII)缩合制得索非布韦(I)。
Figure PCTCN2015089735-appb-000005
此外,本发明还提出如下附属技术方案:
所述3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷(III)发生氧化反应的氧化剂为Jones氧化剂(Cr2O3/H2SO4/acetone)、Collins氧化剂(Cr2O3·2Py)、PCC氧化剂(Pyrindium Chlorochromate)、PDC氧化剂(Pyrindium Dichromate)、DMSO(Dimethyl Sulfoxide)氧化剂、活性二氧化锰、Dess-Martin氧化剂(Dess-Martin periodinane)或TPAP-NMO氧化剂(Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide),优选PCC氧化剂或DMSO氧化剂。
所述DMSO氧化剂需要乙酸酐/(CH3CO)2O、三氟乙酸酐/(CF3CO)2O、二氯 亚砜/SOCl2或草酰氯/(COCl)2等亲电试剂作为催化剂来促进反应的进行,亲电试剂优选三氟乙酸酐或草酰氯,最优选草酰氯,即Swern氧化。
所述2’-羰基-3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷(IV)发生加成反应的加成试剂为甲基锂、甲基碘化镁或甲基溴化镁,优选甲基碘化镁。
所述2’-羰基-3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷(IV)发生加成反应的温度为-78℃-室温。
所述2’-羰基-3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷(IV)发生加成反应的溶剂为四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、乙醚、异丙醚、甲基叔丁基醚,优选乙醚或四氢呋喃。
所述2’S-2’-甲基尿苷(V)的羟基选择性保护剂为特戊酸、特戊酸酐或特戊酰氯,优选特戊酰氯。
所述2’S-2’-甲基-3’,5’-二-(O-特戊酰基)尿苷(VI)发生氟化反应的氟化剂为氢氟酸/吡啶(HF/Pyridine)、四丁基氟化铵/氟化氢(Bu4NH2F3)、三乙胺/氟化氢(Et3N.3HF)、三氟化锑(SbF3),五氟化锑(SbF5)、六氟化钼(MoF6)、四氟化硫(SF4)或二乙胺基三氟化硫(DAST),优选二乙胺基三氟化硫(DAST)。
所述2’S-2’-甲基-3’,5’-二-(O-特戊酰基)尿苷(VI)发生氟化反应的温度为-78℃至室温,优选-30℃至室温。
所述2’S-2’-甲基-3’,5’-二-(O-特戊酰基)尿苷(VI)发生氟化反应的溶剂为乙腈、二氯甲烷或甲苯。
相比于现有技术,本发明所涉及的索非布韦(I)的制备方法,具有原料易得、工艺简洁和经济环保等特点,故而利于该原料药的工业化生产,促进其经济技术的发展。
具体实施方式
以下结合数个较佳实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步非限制性的详细说明。其中原料(2S)-2-(((4-硝基苯氧基)苯氧基磷酰基)氨基)丙酸异丙酯(VIII)的制备可参见文献J.Med.Chem.2010,53,7202-7218对相同化合物的制备方法。
实施例一:
于反应瓶中加入尿苷(II)(12.2g,50mmol)和无水吡啶250mL,0-5℃和氮气氛下,搅拌下滴加1,3-二氯-1,1,3,3-四异丙基-1,3-二硅氧烷(16.0mL,50mmol),滴毕, 升温至室温,反应12小时,TLC检测反应结束。冰浴冷却,用5mL水淬灭反应。减压回收溶剂,残余物用二氯甲烷溶解,依次用水、饱和食盐水和水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,所得粗品用二氯甲烷和正己烷(4∶1,V/V)重结晶,真空干燥得白色固体3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷(III)16.8g,收率77.1%,质谱(EI):m/z 437(M+H)。
实施例二:
于反应瓶中加入3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷(III)(8.74g,20mmol)、
Figure PCTCN2015089735-appb-000006
分子筛(5g)和二氯甲烷100mL,室温下分批加入PCC(10.8g,50mmol),室温反应14小时,TLC检测反应结束。加入乙醚200mL,搅拌后过滤,滤饼用乙醚洗涤两次。合并有机相,浓缩所得的残余物经硅胶柱(乙醚/正己烷为1/1)纯化,浓缩、真空干燥得白色固体2’-羰基-3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷(IV)7.47g,收率85.9%,质谱(EI):m/z 435(M+H)。
实施例三:
于反应瓶中加入3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷(III)(8.74g,20mmol)和四氢呋喃100mL,室温下加入DMSO(4.7g,60mmol),降温至-78℃,滴加草酰氯(3.8g,30mmol)的无水四氢呋喃50mL溶液。约3小时滴毕,缓慢升温至0℃,继续反应2小时,TLC检测反应结束。加入三乙胺中和多余的酸。减压蒸出溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱(乙醚/正己烷为1/1)纯化,浓缩、真空干燥得白色固体2’-羰基-3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷(IV)7.85g,收率90.2%。
实施例四:
于干燥反应瓶和氮气氛中加入2’-羰基-3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷(IV)(4.35g,10mmol)和绝对干燥的四氢呋喃(100mL),降温至-15℃,滴加甲基碘化镁(3.32g,20mmol)的四氢呋喃20mL溶液。滴毕,缓慢升至室温,搅拌反应4-6小时,TLC显示反应结束。加入饱和氯化铵溶液5mL淬灭反应。并升温至50-60℃,加入2M盐酸15mL,搅拌反应3小时,至水解完全。用二氯甲烷萃取三次,有机相用水、5%碳酸氢钠溶液和饱和食盐水洗涤。无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,所得残留物通过柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇为3/1)纯化,得到白色固体2’S-2’-甲基尿苷(V)1.83g,收率70.9%,质谱(EI):m/z 257(M-H)。
实施例五:
于反应瓶中加入2’S-2’-甲基尿苷(V)(5.16g,20mmol)、三乙胺(5.0g,50mmol)和二氯甲烷100mL,冰浴下滴加特戊酰氯(5.42g,45mmol),滴毕,室温反应10-12小时,TLC检测反应结束。反应体系依次用5%碳酸氢钠溶液、饱和食盐水和水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压浓缩,残余物用二氯甲烷/正己烷(1/1)重结晶得到类白色固体2’S-2’-甲基-3’,5’-二-(O-特戊酰基)尿苷(VI)7.78g,收率91.3%,质谱(EI):m/z 427(M+H)。
实施例六:
氮气保护下,于反应瓶中加入2’S-2’-甲基-3’,5’-二-(O-特戊酰基)尿苷(VI)(4.26g,10mmol)和甲苯30mL,搅拌溶解后,降温至-25℃,滴加二乙胺基三氟化硫(0.81g,5mmol),滴毕,缓慢升至室温,反应2-3小时。TLC检测反应基本完全。将反应液倾入25mL10%的碳酸氢钠溶液中,充分搅拌后,分出有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸馏所得到油状物加入到25mL饱和氨基甲醇溶液,室温搅拌12小时。减压蒸除溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇=5/1)得到白色固体(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基脲苷(VII)1.42g,收率54.6%,质谱(EI):m/z 259(M-H)。
实施例七:
室温下,于反应瓶中加入(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基脲苷(VII)(1.30g,5mmol)和无水四氢呋喃30mL,搅拌溶解后,滴加叔丁基氯化镁(2.81g,24mmol)的四氢呋喃(5mL)溶液。滴毕,搅拌反应1小时。继续滴加(2S)-2-(((4-硝基苯氧基)苯氧基磷酰基)氨基)丙酸异丙酯(VIII)(4.90g,12mmol)的四氢呋喃(20mL)溶液。滴毕后室温搅拌48小时,TLC检测反应完全。将反应液倾入10mL饱和氯化铵溶液中,乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸馏所得到的油状物经硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1)和在甲基叔丁基醚/正戊烷中的重结晶,得到白色固体索非布韦1.76g,收率67.6%,熔点为92-103℃,质谱(EI):m/z 530(M+H),核磁谱1H NMR(CDCl3):1.25(d,6H),1.38(d,3H),1.39(d,3H),3.77(brs,1H),3.98(m,3H),4.12(d,1H),4.54(m,2H),5.05(s,1H),5.71(d,1H),6.19(d,1H),7.26-7.18(m,3H),7.31(m,2H),7.47(d,1H),8.63(brs,1H)。
需要指出的是,上述实施例仅为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发 明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种索非布韦(Sofosbuvir,I)的制备方法,
    Figure PCTCN2015089735-appb-100001
    其制备步骤包括:以尿苷为原料,与1,3-二氯-1,1,3,3-四异丙基-1,3-二硅氧烷发生醚化反应得到3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷,3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷经氧化反应得到2’-羰基-3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷,2’-羰基-3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷通过羰基加成和水解得到2’S-2’-甲基尿苷,2’S-2’-甲基尿苷经羟基选择性保护得到2’S-2’-甲基-3’,5’-二-(O-特戊酰基)尿苷,2’S-2’-甲基-3’,5’-二-(O-特戊酰基)尿苷经氟化反应和脱保护得到(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基脲苷,(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基脲苷与(2S)-2-(((4-硝基苯氧基)苯氧基磷酰基)氨基)丙酸异丙酯缩合制得索非布韦。
  2. 如权利要求1所述索非布韦的制备方法,其特征在于:所述3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷发生氧化反应的氧化剂为Jones氧化剂、Collins氧化剂、PCC氧化剂、PDC氧化剂、DMSO氧化剂、活性二氧化锰、Dess-Martin氧化剂或TPAP-NMO氧化剂。
  3. 如权利要求1所述索非布韦的制备方法,其特征在于:所述2’-羰基-3’,5’-O-(四异丙基二硅氧烷-1,3-二醚)尿苷发生加成反应的加成试剂为甲基锂、甲基碘化镁或甲基溴化镁。
  4. 如权利要求1所述索非布韦的制备方法,其特征在于:所述2’S-2’-甲基-3’,5’-二-(O-特戊酰基)尿苷发生氟化反应的氟化剂为氢氟酸/吡啶、四丁基氟化铵/氟化氢、三乙胺/氟化氢、三氟化锑、五氟化锑、六氟化钼、四氟化硫或三氟化硫二乙基胺。
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