Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
  • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
  • B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
  • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
  • B01J20/046—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium containing halogens, e.g. halides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
  • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
  • B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
  • B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
  • B01J20/28016—Particle form
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
  • B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
  • B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
  • B01J20/28059—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being less than 100 m2/g
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
  • B01J20/3035—Compressing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
  • B01J20/3085—Chemical treatments not covered by groups B01J20/3007 - B01J20/3078
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
  • B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
  • B01J20/3433—Regenerating or reactivating of sorbents or filter aids other than those covered by B01J20/3408 - B01J20/3425
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
  • B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
  • B01J20/345—Regenerating or reactivating using a particular desorbing compound or mixture
  • B01J20/3475—Regenerating or reactivating using a particular desorbing compound or mixture in the liquid phase
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
  • C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
  • C01D15/04—Halides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
  • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
  • C01F7/78—Compounds containing aluminium, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
  • C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
  • C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
  • C22B7/006—Wet processes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
  • C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of lithium recovery, and in particular, to the recovery of lithium values such as LiCl from brines, in particular, the invention relates to sorbents for recovering lithium values from brines, their preparation, and their use.
• Lithium is valuable in a number of industrial uses, for example in the manufacture of lithium batteries, and improvements in methods for its recovery are continually being sought.
• One approach in the prior art has been the use of macrocrystalline lithium aluminates formed within ion exchange resins, to extract lithium values from lithium-containing brines.
• Another approach has been the use of sorbent pellets which comprise aluminum hydroxide into which lithium salts have been introduced.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,599,516 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,280,693 disclose the preparation of sorbent pellets for recovering lithium from brine and their use. These patents disclose po!ycrystalline hydrated alumina pellets based on a hydrated alumina such as crystalline gibbsite, bayerite, nordstrandite or bauxite. The pellets are morphologically altered by the infusion therein of LiOH (lithium hydroxide), in the absence of sodium chloride, which creates active lithium-specific sites within the crystal layers of the alumina.
• LiOH lithium hydroxide
• the infused alumina pellets having the formula LiOH-2Al(OH)3 and lithium loading up to 0.33 mol fraction, are converted to LiCl * 2Al(OH) by neutralization with HCl, and can then be used in the process of removing lithium values from brine, it is disclosed that the particle size of the pellets is not smaller than about 140 mesh (US Standard Sieve Size).
• These prior art methods require a very gentle and slow infusion of the lithium hydroxide into the aluminum hydroxide crystal layer in order to achieve high lithium loading without fracturing the particles. Deterioration of the particles can also occur during the neutralization step carried out in an agitated vessel, and by use of the sorbent in packed columns for the recovery of lithium from brine, thereby shortening the useful life of the sorbent.
• US Pat. No. 8,753,594 discloses a composition for recovery of lithium from brine, which comprises a lithium aluminum mtercalate mixed with a polymer material.
• the invention seeks to improve upon the sorbents known in the prior art for extracting lithium values from brine solutions and to improve upon and economize the process of sorbent preparation, hi particular embodiments, the invention provides sorbent particles which are characterized by their structural strength, low amounts of fines, high sorption capacity, and economy of preparation and use.
• the invention comprises a process for the preparation of a granular sorbent of the formula (LiOH) a (LiX) 1 . a -2Al(OH)3 5
• a lithium salt such as chloride, bromide, nitrate or sulfate
• a 0-1 , preferably 0,5-0.95, and most preferably
• the lithium alummum mtercalate is then neutralized with acid (HX) to convert the lithium hydroxide in the mtercalate to LiX to produce a sorbent having the formula LIX-2A1(0H)3, wherein the acid is preferably HC1.
• the aqueous solution contains lithium chloride and sodium hydroxide, optionally in the presence of sodium chloride.
• Granular aluminum hydroxide having this specified average particle size and morphological alteration is referred to herein as "compressed ATH.”
• the compressed ATH has a surface area of at least 3 m /g.
• the lithium aluminum intercalate so formed is then neutralized with an acid solution (HX) to convert the lithium hydroxide in the intercalate to LiX to produce a sorbent having the formula LiX-2Al(OH)3, wherein the acid is preferably HCl.
• mventors have found that use of compressed ATH allows for preparation of a sorbent which possesses exceptionally good sorbent characteristics, hi particular, large particle size with high surface area, rapid intercalation rate, and durable particle integrity, in these embodiments, lithium ions intercalate into the ATH at a rapid rate with high degree of ATH conversion, while particle integrity is maintained and formation of fines is minimized.
• the efficiency of the sorption-desorption process is sustained at high flow rates with low pressure drop.
• the neutralization of the lithium hydroxide to lithium chloride in the intercalate can occur in a column, where the sorbent is neutralized by circulating a liquid containing acid such as hydrochloric acid at a high flow rate with low pressure drop. This substantially prevents or even eliminates formation of fines that is experienced when the neutralization is carried out in a stirred reaction vessel.
• a process for the preparation of a granular sorbent of the formula (LiOH) a (LiX) 1-a *2Al(OH)3, where X is the anion moiety of a lithium salt, a 0-1, preferably 0,5-0.95, most preferably 0.7-0.85, having a lithium to aluminum molar ratio of up to about 0.50 theoretical maximum, comprising reacting an aqueous solution which contains lithium salt and alkali hydroxide, optionally in the presence of alkali chloride, with granular aluminum hydroxide having an average particle size of at least 300 microns and which has been morphologically altered by compression.
• the lithium salt is preferably lithium chloride
• the alkali hydroxide is preferably sodium hydroxide
• the alkali chloride, if present, is preferably sodium chloride.
• the product is reacted with an acid (HX) to convert LiOH in the sorbent to LiX, where HX is preferably hydrochloric acid.
• HX is preferably hydrochloric acid.
• the invention comprises a sorhent for recovering lithium from brin e, made by one of the processes as described.
• the invention comprises a process for removing lithium from a lithium-contain ing brine, which comprises contacting a lithium-containing brine with a sorbent made by one of the processes as described.
• Figure 1 is a graph showing lithium remaining in solution over time (days) during preparation of sorbent using compacted ⁇ in comparison to another type of aluminum hydroxide.
• Figure 2 is a graph showing lithium remaining in solution over time (hours) during preparation of sorbent using compacted ATH in comparison to another type of aluminum hydroxide.
• Figure 3 is a graph showing the kinetics of neutralization of a sorbent according to the invention with hvdroehloric acid.
• the lithium-loaded material is then neutralized with acid (HX), preferably hydrochloric acid, to convert LiOH to LiX.
• the lithium salt is preferably lithium chloride
• the alkali hydroxide is preferably sodium hydroxide
• the optional sodium salt, if present, is preferably sodium chloride. It is noted that LiCl solutions and LiCl/NaCl solutions are readily available in a plant environment where lithium chloride is extracted from brine.
• the use of a solution of lithium salt and alkali hydroxide, optionally in the presence of alkali chloride, is economical yet effective for loading lithium into granular aluminum hydroxide in relation to prior art chemistries, for example using solutions of lithium hydroxide, hi these embodiments, the granular aluminum hydroxide may comprise any form of granular aluminum hydroxide (such as Gibbsite, Bayerite, Nordstrandite or Bauxite materials), but preferably comprises compressed ATI! as described below.
• the granular aluminum hydroxide is reacted with the aqueous solution containing lithium salt and alkali hydroxide, optionally in the presence of alkali chloride, under conditions such that lithium is intercalated into the structure of the granular aluminum hydroxide to a desired loading.
• the lithium salt and alkali hydroxide solution should be of sufficient amount and concentration to intercalate lithium into the aluminum hydroxide so as to provide a lithium aluminate intercalate having lithium to aluminum molar ratio from about 0.25 to 0.50 (where 0.50 is the theoretical maximum).
• the solution may contain a lithium salt concentration of 5 to 12 weigh percent, preferably 6 to 11 weight percent.
• the ratio of lithium salt to granular Al(OH) 3 is about 0.3-1.0:1, preferably 0.4-0.8:1 molar.
• the ratio of alkali hydroxide to granular Al(OH)3 is about 0.3-1.0:1 molar, preferably 0.3-0.8:1 molar.
• the ratio of alkali chloride, if present, to granular Al(OH) 3 is about 0.3-1.0:1 molar.
• the intercalation process is enhanced by heating and a preferred temperature range for the reaction is 20-100° C, preferably 50-90° C.
• the granular aluminum hydroxide has an average particle size of at least 300 microns and has been morphologically altered by compression (compressed ATH).
• any known chemistr for intercalating lithium into the granular aluminum hydroxide may be employed, such as the chemistries disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,389,349, U.S. Pat. No. 6,280,693, and U.S. Pat. No. 8,753,594, each of which is incorporated by reference.
• the intercalation is performed by reacting the compressed ATH with an aqueous solution containing lithium salt (preferably LiCl) and alkali hydroxide (preferably NaOH), optionally in the presence of alkali chloride (preferably NaCl), as described above,
• the loading of the lithium into the compressed ⁇ . ⁇ proceeds very rapidly.
• Compressed ATH is a form of granular Al(OH) 3j which as defined herein is characterized by a relatively large particle size (average particle diameter at least, and preferably greater, than 300 microns) and a morphological alteration to the ATH caused by compression.
• the aluminum hydroxide has been compressed (usually by rollers) prior to heat activation.
• Compressed ATH is normally made from a series of steps, including compression (e.g. by rollers), crushing (e.g. in a hammer mill), then sieving (to a desired particle size range).
• the desired particle size range is 300 to about 2000 microns, more preferably 300-1000 microns. Average particle size is readily determined by those skilled in the art.
• Undersize particles should be less than a few percent of total particles.
• the compacting step increases particle size and alters the morphology of the particles to increase their performance of lithium loading and unloading.
• Suitable compressed aluminum hydroxide and its preparation are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,083,911, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference, A suitable and preferred material is commercially available under the trade name Compalox ON/V801 from Albemarle Corporation.
• the compressed, granular aluminum hydroxide exhibits high mechanical strength, which is desirable in the context of this invention to prevent damage to the sorbent particles during their preparation and use.
• the strength of die granular aluminum oxide allows the granulate to be loaded with lithium up to the theoretical maximum loading capacity without disintegration or damage, and allows for extended life of the particles as a sorbent. Accordingly, the most preferred embodiments of the invention are sorbents prepared using compressed ATH.
• aluminum oxide granulates may contain trace or minor amounts of other materials (e.g. other metals) which do not impact performance.
• the lithium salt is preferably lithium chloride
• the alkali hydroxide is preferably sodium hydroxide
• the alkali chloride if present, is preferably sodium chloride.
• the granular aluminum hydroxide preferably has a surface area of at least 3 m /g. The sorbent is reacted with H
• the intercalation reaction is performed in an suitable reactor, which may be a fixed bed, a column or the like, Contact is maintained for a period sufficient for the desired degree of loading, for example 1-100 hours, preferably 5-30 hours.
• the reaction time required for loading is reduced when the granular aluminum hydroxide is compressed ATH.
• the loading reaction may be monitored by determining the concentration of lithium remaining in the liquid phase as the reaction progresses.
• intercalation of up to 0.45-0.50 lithium to aluminum molar ratio is reliably achieved, with only- low particle deteriora tion and low formation of fines (less than 1%).
• the sorbent is neutralized with an acid, preferably hydrochloric acid.
• Treatment with hydrochloric acid solution converts LiOH in the sorbent into Li CI.
• the neutralization reaction is complete when the pH of the neutralizing solution exposed to the sorbent is reduced to about 5.0.
• the neutralization reactio may be carried out in the same reaction vessel as the loading reaction.
• both the loading reaction and the neutralization reactio are performed in the same column, with the successive solutions being passed through a bed of the particulate sorbent. The use of a column for these reactions, in comparison to an agitated vessel, reduces or eliminates the formation of undesired fines.
• Sorbents prepared as described by the above methods are useful for the recovery of lithium values, such as LiCl, from brines, using any technique of contacting the sorbent with the lithium-containing brine. See, e.g. Isupov et al, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 1 98, Vol. 120, pp. 621-652; US Pat. No. 5,389,349; US Pat. No. 5,599,516; US Pat. No. 6,280,693; US Pat. No. 3,306,700; US Published Application No. 2012/0141342; US Pat No. 4,472,362; and US Pat, No, 8,753,594, the disclosure of each of which is incorporated by reference herein.
• the sorbent is washed with water to unload the lithium.
• the compressed ATH embodiments of the invention allow for preparing sorbents having high lithium loading capacity while maintaining particle integrity during sorbent preparation, use and regeneration.
• the large diameter size of the sorbent in these embodiments facilitates use of the sorbent. as bed within a reaction column while avoiding the high pressure drop associated with use of smaller-sized particles, permitting higher flow rates and reduced equipment and operating costs.
• Any lithium-containing brine may be treated in accordance with the invention, including seawater and subterranean brines.
• the brine may comprise die effluent from a prior treatment operation.
• BC Beckman-Coalter laser diffraction particle size analyzer
• Example 4 When the results of Example 4 and Example 5 are compared, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, it can be appreciated that the intercalation of lithium proceeds much faster using compressed ATH. Furthermore, microscopic inspection of the sorbent produced in Example 5 revealed that particle integrity was essentially completely maintained during loading.
• This example illustrates neutralization of (LiOI-i) a (LiCl)i -3 -2Al(OH)3 with hydrochloric acid in a column.
• a 2" diameter jacketed glass column was loaded with a 798 g portion (6.87 mol Al) of the wet solids from Example 2. Water was then fed to the bed upflow at 500 ml/min to remove any fine particles from the bed and until the effluent was clear. The effluent was filtered and 4.6 g and ⁇ 0.6% of fine particles were recovered.
• EXAMPLE 7 [ ⁇ 46
• a 665.8 g portion (5.57 mo! A!) of the solids from Example 6 was loaded into a 1" diameter jacketed column for testing of the sorbent to recover LiCl value from brine,
• composition of the tested brine was: 0.122% LiCl, 15% NaCl, 8.3% CaCl 2 , 0.2% B(OH) 3 , 1.1% MgCf 2 , and 0.36% SrCl 2 .

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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• Metallurgy (AREA)
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• Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)

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• 2015
  • 2015-10-16 KR KR1020177010350A patent/KR20170078617A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2015-10-16 WO PCT/US2015/056095 patent/WO2016069297A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2015-10-16 AU AU2015339757A patent/AU2015339757A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-10-16 US US15/522,829 patent/US20170333867A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-10-16 JP JP2017519850A patent/JP2017534444A/ja not_active Ceased
  • 2015-10-16 CA CA2963560A patent/CA2963560A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-10-19 AR ARP150103384A patent/AR102364A1/es unknown
• 2017
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