WO2016068215A1 - 転がり軸受 - Google Patents
転がり軸受 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016068215A1 WO2016068215A1 PCT/JP2015/080460 JP2015080460W WO2016068215A1 WO 2016068215 A1 WO2016068215 A1 WO 2016068215A1 JP 2015080460 W JP2015080460 W JP 2015080460W WO 2016068215 A1 WO2016068215 A1 WO 2016068215A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wax
- bearing
- rolling bearing
- based lubricant
- temperature
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/02—Natural products
- C10M159/06—Waxes, e.g. ozocerite, ceresine, petrolatum, slack-wax
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
- F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
- F16C33/6603—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with grease as lubricant
- F16C33/6607—Retaining the grease in or near the bearing
- F16C33/6618—Retaining the grease in or near the bearing in a reservoir in the sealing means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/14—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes
- C10M2205/146—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes used as thickening agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/16—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax
- C10M2205/166—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax used as thickening agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/18—Natural waxes, e.g. ceresin, ozocerite, bees wax, carnauba; Degras
- C10M2205/186—Natural waxes, e.g. ceresin, ozocerite, bees wax, carnauba; Degras used as thickening agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/011—Cloud point
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rolling bearing.
- grease lubrication has attracted attention as a lubrication method for bearings.
- As grease lubrication there are known a system in which lubrication is performed with grease enclosed in the bearing space when the bearing is assembled, and a system in which grease is replenished at an appropriate timing from a grease replenishing means provided outside the housing. ing.
- a grease pool part and a rolling bearing are disclosed in which the grease pool part is formed in a form separated from the rolling bearing and is arranged adjacent to the stationary side race.
- the grease reservoir component described in Patent Document 2 includes an annular container portion that serves as a grease reservoir inside, and an in-bearing insertion portion that is inserted to the vicinity of the raceway surface of the rolling bearing that is formed so as to protrude from the container portion and is disposed adjacently.
- This grease reservoir component supplies the grease in the container part to the raceway surface of the rolling bearing from the tip discharge port of the insertion part in the bearing.
- grease contains base oil, thickener and additives.
- the thickener may be separated from the base oil by pressure and hardened or solidified as a whole grease.
- the pipe resistance during discharge increases. In that case, it was necessary to increase the discharge pressure.
- an in-housing supply path and a grease replenishing device are separately required.
- the rolling bearing described in Patent Document 2 when the rolling bearing described in Patent Document 2 is combined with a grease collecting part, it is necessary to combine a plurality of parts having a complicated structure, which increases manufacturing costs.
- the supply of grease is a system in which the base oil separated from the grease is supplied from the tip of the insertion portion in the bearing by utilizing the pressure fluctuation due to the heat cycle in the grease reservoir accompanying the operation / stop of the rolling bearing. For this reason, there is a possibility that lubrication may be insufficient only in the pressure fluctuation due to the heat cycle in an application (dmn 500,000 or more, more preferably dmn 1,000,000 or more) that rotates at a high speed like a bearing for a spindle of a machine tool.
- Grease supply control is preferably performed by appropriately adjusting the supply amount and supply timing according to the operation state (rotation speed, operation time, etc.) of the bearing. For this purpose, it is necessary to monitor the operating state of the bearing, which complicates the control and increases the running cost and requires troublesome maintenance.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above matters, and its purpose is to enclose a wax-based lubricant that can be changed into a semi-solid state and a liquid state depending on the ambient temperature in a bearing instead of a conventional grease,
- An object of the present invention is to provide a rolling bearing capable of stable lubrication over a long period of time without requiring special control.
- the present invention has the following configuration.
- An inner ring having an inner ring raceway surface on an outer peripheral surface, an outer ring having an outer ring raceway surface on an inner peripheral surface, and a bearing inner space between the inner ring raceway surface and the outer ring raceway surface are rotatably disposed.
- a rolling bearing having a plurality of rolling elements, and a seal member that is positioned at an axial end of one of the inner ring and the outer ring and closes the bearing inner space,
- the seal member has an oil storage space that swells outward in the axial direction;
- the oil storage space includes lubricating oil and wax, and a liquid state when the liquefaction point is exceeded at a predetermined temperature within a temperature range of 10 to 70 ° C.
- a rolling bearing characterized in that a changeable wax-based lubricant is enclosed between a semi-solid state below the conversion point.
- the outer ring and the inner ring satisfy 1.5 ⁇ B / H ⁇ 3 when the bearing width is B and the bearing height is H. (1) to (3) The rolling bearing as described in any one.
- the wax-based lubricant having the liquefaction point higher than the maximum temperature assumed during operation of the rolling bearing is enclosed in the bearing inner space (1) to (4) ).
- the rolling bearing according to any one of (6) Grease is sealed in the bearing inner space;
- the wax-based lubricant is capable of reversibly changing between the liquid state and the semi-solid state with the liquefaction point as a boundary.
- the rolling bearing as described in one.
- the “wax-based lubricant” according to claim 1 refers to a lubricant containing lubricating oil and wax
- “liquefaction point” refers to a wax-based lubricant from a semi-solid state to a liquid state. Or the temperature at which the liquid state changes to the semi-solid state.
- the “liquefaction point” is in accordance with, for example, the regulations on dangerous goods regulations in Japan, Chapter 12 Miscellaneous Article 69-2 (Definition of liquid).
- a wax-based lubricant that can be changed between a semi-solid state and a liquid state depending on the ambient temperature is enclosed in the bearing. For this reason, when the bearing temperature exceeds the liquefaction point at a predetermined temperature, the wax-based lubricant liquefies and moves to the bearing space, so that the amount of lubricating oil in the bearing space can be increased. Therefore, stable lubrication over a long period of time can be achieved without requiring special control.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the present invention, and is a partial sectional view in which a part of a rolling bearing is cut away.
- the rolling bearing 100 of this configuration is a radial deep groove ball bearing, and includes an inner ring 13, an outer ring 15, a ball 17 that is a rolling element, and a seal member 19.
- a grease 21 and a wax-based lubricant 23 are provided.
- the rolling bearing 100 is applied to a high-speed (spindle) motor (not shown) used for driving a spindle device of a machine tool.
- An outer ring raceway surface 25 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 15.
- An inner ring raceway surface 27 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 13. Between the outer ring raceway surface 25 and the inner ring raceway surface 27, a plurality of balls 17 that can roll are arranged along the circumferential direction.
- Bearing material stainless steel, ceramic, etc. can be used for the ball material.
- SUS440C, SUS630, SUS304, or the like can also be used.
- the balls 17 are held in the respective pockets of the cage 29 and are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- resin materials such as polyamide and polyphenylene sulfide can be used in addition to carbon steel and SUS304.
- the seal member 19 is disposed at the axial end of either the inner ring 13 or the outer ring 15 and closes the bearing inner space 31. Further, a pair of seal members 19 are attached to both ends of the rolling bearing 100 so as to sandwich the outer ring 15 and the inner ring 13 from both sides in the axial direction. The pair of seal members 19 seal or close the bearing inner space 31 between the outer ring 15 and the inner ring 13.
- the seal member 19 is formed in an annular shape, and a spring portion 33 formed on the outer diameter side is fitted into a seal member holding groove 35 formed on the inner periphery of the outer ring 15.
- the seal member 19 held in the seal member holding groove 35 is arranged such that the inner diameter side approaches the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 13.
- the inner diameter side end of the seal member 19 may be in contact with the inner ring 13 or non-contact.
- the seal member 19 can be a metal material, an elastic material such as rubber, or a composite material in which a metal core is covered with rubber or the like. In this configuration example, after the metal material is inserted into the seal member holding groove 35, the curled spring portion 33 is fixed in the seal member holding groove 35 by caulking. Further, the inner diameter side end of the seal member 19 is not in contact with the inner ring 13.
- the seal member 19 is formed with an oil storage space 37 that swells outward from the end faces of the inner ring 13 and the outer ring 15 in the axial direction.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of the rolling bearing shown in FIG.
- the same members as those shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted or simplified.
- the protruding portion of the seal member 19 has a trapezoidal shape in the cross section shown in FIG.
- the trapezoidal shape is inclined to the outside of the bearing radius as the hypotenuse 39 moves toward the ball 17.
- the tip of the oblique side portion 39 is connected to the spring portion 33 described above.
- a bent part 41 is formed between the oblique side part 39 and the spring part 33.
- the radial position of the bent portion 41 is arranged on the radially inner side (lower side in FIG. 2) with respect to the outer ring inner diameter surface 43 of the outer ring 15.
- a general grease 21 can be applied.
- What is comprised including the base oil of the same component as 23 lubricating oil is preferable.
- the amount of grease 21 sealed in the bearing inner space 31 is preferably 10 to 20% of the space volume of the bearing inner space 31 from the balance between the temperature rise due to viscous resistance accompanying rotation and the grease life.
- the running-in time of the spindle device can be shortened, and the operation return time after the bearing replacement at the time of maintenance can be shortened.
- the grease 21 is shown in a state of being filled in the bearing inner space 31 without a gap, but actually, as described above, an appropriate gap space is provided.
- the wax-based lubricant 23 contains lubricating oil and wax as basic components.
- the wax-based lubricant 23 has sufficient lubricity as both the lubricating oil and the wax, and has a liquefaction point that is a predetermined temperature within a temperature range of 10 to 70 ° C. when the liquefaction point is exceeded. It can change between the liquid state and the semi-solid state below the liquefaction point.
- ⁇ Wax is solidified or semi-solidified at a temperature lower than its melting point, and becomes liquid and has fluidity above the melting point.
- the wax-based lubricant of the present invention is a mixture of lubricating oil (liquid) and wax (semi-solid) (corresponding to a dilute solution obtained by adding lubricating oil (dilute liquid) to wax (solute)). Therefore, the wax-based lubricant changes from a semisolid state to a liquid state at a temperature lower than the melting point of the wax.
- the temperature at which the semi-solid state changes to a liquid state (hereinafter referred to as “liquefaction point”) is closely related to the melting point of the wax contained and the mixing ratio with the lubricating oil. That is, since “the melting point of the wax> the liquefaction point”, the liquefaction temperature can be controlled to a predetermined temperature below the melting point of the wax by the mixing ratio of the wax and the lubricating oil contained.
- the temperature difference between the liquefaction point and the melting point of the wax can be set to about 10 to 30 ° C. depending on the types of the lubricating oil and the wax, and the mixing ratio of both.
- the wax-based lubricant can be reversibly changed between a liquid state and a semi-solid state according to the temperature by adjusting the kind of wax contained, the mixing ratio with the lubricating oil, and the like.
- Lb wire (30 mm above the surface of the test article) is immersed under the water surface of the thermostat bath in the thermostat bath maintained at a liquid confirmation temperature of ⁇ 0.1 ° C. Let stand upright. (5) The state of the test article in the temperature measurement test tube is maintained as it is for 10 minutes after the liquid confirmation temperature becomes ⁇ 0.1 ° C. (6) Remove the liquid judgment test tube from the thermostatic water tank while standing upright on a horizontal table, immediately lay down horizontally on the table, and measure the time until the tip of the test article reaches the Lb line. (7) When the time until the test article reaches the Lb line is within 90 seconds, it is determined that the test article is “liquid”.
- the liquefaction point is not a fixed point temperature such as the freezing point of water (0 ° / pure water, under atmospheric pressure), but is defined and quantified in a range of about ⁇ 2 ° C. with respect to a specific temperature. .
- a cone plate viscometer (E type viscometer) is used to gradually increase the temperature, and the temperature at which the change in viscosity becomes constant appears near the liquefaction point. You can also
- the wax-based lubricant 23 enclosed in the oil storage space 37 includes 90 to 60% of a lubricant (including additives) having a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 5 to 200 mm 2 / s and 10 to 40% of wax. It is configured to include.
- the wax-based lubricant 23 has a liquefaction point at a predetermined temperature within a temperature range of 10 to 70 ° C.
- the wax-based lubricant 23 when the liquefaction point is 47 ° C., the wax-based lubricant 23 becomes a liquid state when the temperature exceeds 47 ° C., and becomes a semi-solid state when the temperature is 47 ° C. or lower.
- the wax-based lubricant 23 changes between a liquid state and a semi-solid state depending on the ambient temperature. Further, the wax-based lubricant 23 does not contain a thickening agent like the grease 21 and has a feature that it does not solidify even when a certain pressure is applied.
- any lubricating oil can be used regardless of the kind of synthetic oil or mineral oil, regardless of whether it is used alone or mixed.
- synthetic oil any of ester type, hydrocarbon type, ether type and the like can be used.
- mineral oil any of paraffinic mineral oil, naphthenic mineral oil and the like can be used.
- wax is an organic substance having an alkyl group that is solid or semi-solid at room temperature.
- any wax can be used regardless of the type of natural wax or synthetic wax, regardless of whether the wax is single or mixed. However, since it becomes a mixture with lubricating oil inside a bearing, a thing with high compatibility with lubricating oil is preferable.
- the natural wax any of animal / plant wax, mineral wax and petroleum wax can be used.
- the synthetic wax include Fischer-Tropsch wax, polyethylene wax, oil-based synthetic wax (ester, ketones, amide), hydrogenated wax, and the like.
- microcrystalline wax can be used as the wax.
- the wax-based lubricant having a liquefaction point of 47 ° C., 78.5% by mass of diester oil (dioctyl sebacate), 15% by mass of microcrystalline wax (melting point 82 ° C.), and antioxidant
- the additive which contains an additive, an extreme pressure agent, etc. consists of 6.5 mass%.
- wax-based lubricants having a liquefaction point of 38 ° C. examples include 83% by mass of diester oil (dioctyl sebacate), 10.5% by mass of microcrystalline wax (melting point 72 ° C.), and antioxidant.
- the additive which contains an additive, an extreme pressure agent, etc. consists of 6.5 mass%.
- the mixing ratio of the lubricating oil and the wax is preferably 10 to 40% by mass of the wax and 90 to 60% by mass of the lubricating oil with respect to the total amount of both.
- the mixing ratio of the wax increases, the fluidity when the wax-based lubricant is in a semi-solid state is deteriorated, and when it exceeds 40% by mass, the transportability is deteriorated.
- the mixing ratio of the wax is 10% by mass or more and less than 20% by mass, and the mixing ratio of the lubricating oil is 90% by mass or less and more than 80% by mass.
- the wax may be added as an oiliness improver for lubricating oil or grease.
- the amount of wax added is larger than the general additive amount as described above. Therefore, the semi-solid property (function as a thickener) equivalent to that of grease is retained.
- additives can be added to the wax-based lubricant depending on the purpose.
- an appropriate amount of a known antioxidant, rust inhibitor, extreme pressure agent or the like can be added.
- a wax-based lubricant To prepare a wax-based lubricant, heat the wax to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point to make it liquid, add a lubricating oil or a lubricating oil to which an additive has been added thereto, thoroughly mix, and then a temperature below the melting point of the wax. What is necessary is just to cool to (usually below a liquefaction point).
- the lubricating oil or lubricating oil to which additives are added and solid wax are placed in a suitable container, the whole is heated and mixed to a temperature above the melting point of the wax, and then cooled to a temperature below the liquefaction point. May be.
- the wax-based lubricant 23 is stored in a semi-solid state in the oil storage space 37 before the main shaft operation or in the initial operation.
- the heat Q generated in the bearing is transmitted from the ball 17 side toward the bearing outside.
- the wax-based lubricant in the oil storage space 37 that communicates with the bearing inner space 31.
- a part of the oil 23 changes into a liquid lubricating oil.
- This lubricating oil infiltrates and moves in the bearing inner space 31 of the rolling bearing 100 in the direction indicated by the arrow R in the figure, and is supplied to the outer ring raceway surface 25, the inner ring raceway surface 27, and the balls 17 of the rolling bearing 100. .
- the lubricating oil concentrates on the hypotenuse 39 of the seal member 19 due to the centrifugal force generated by the bearing rotation, and flows into the bearing inner space 31 along the inclination of the hypotenuse 39.
- the lubricating oil that has flowed into the bearing inner space 31 is supplied along the outer ring inner diameter surface 43 to the outer ring raceway surface 25, the surface of the ball 17, the inner ring raceway surface 27, and the cage 29.
- the wax-based lubricant 23 is liquefied as described above and used as the lubricant for the rolling bearing 100, the temperature inside the bearing becomes lower than the liquefaction point due to a decrease in the rotational speed of the rolling bearing 100, operation stop, or the like. Again, it changes to a semi-solid state.
- the liquefaction point of the wax lubricant 23 can be set to an arbitrary temperature within a range of 10 to 70 ° C. by adjusting the components of the wax lubricant 23.
- the optimum amount of lubricating oil can be supplied in accordance with the operating conditions of the rolling bearing 100, that is, the use temperature of the applied rotating machine, the bearing temperature based on the verification experiment / durability evaluation test, and the like. That is, as much as necessary, the lubricating oil in which the wax-based lubricant 23 is liquefied can be supplied to the inside of the rolling bearing.
- the ball rotates with the contact angle line as the equator.
- the ball exhibits a pumping effect, and an air flow is generated in the space in which the lubricant is enclosed. Therefore, by using a wax-based lubricant having good fluidity, it is possible to prevent the lubricant from staying in the bearing and to prevent the temperature of the bearing from rising.
- the liquefaction point can be made lower than the melting point of the wax depending on the melting point of the wax used and the mixing ratio of the lubricating oil.
- microcrystalline wax has a melting point of 67 to 98 ° C.
- a wax-based lubricant mixed with lubricating oil at the above mixing ratio sets the liquefaction point to a predetermined temperature in the range of 35 to 50 ° C. be able to.
- Paraffin wax has a melting point of 47 to 69 ° C., but the wax-based lubricant mixed with the lubricating oil at the above mixing ratio should set the liquefaction point to a predetermined temperature in the range of 20 to 35 ° C. Can do.
- the liquefaction point is 10 to 70 ° C in view of the ambient temperature around the bearing and the operating temperature of the bearing.
- the liquefaction point is suitable for rolling bearings for machine tools (machine tools).
- the temperature is preferably 30 to 70 ° C., more preferably 40 to 70 ° C. for the reasons described below.
- the ambient environment in which the machine tool is used is air-conditioning controlled to about 20 to 25 ° C in order to minimize the thermal displacement of the member due to changes in the ambient temperature and ensure the machining accuracy of the workpiece. It is often done. Therefore, if the lower limit of the liquefaction point is set to 30 ° C., the wax-based lubricant 23 is not liquefied and is maintained in the bearing or the oil storage portion because it is below the liquefaction point in the stopped state. And even if the bearing or spindle in which the wax-based lubricant 23 is stored is stopped or stored in the stopped state in stock, it is held in and around the bearing without being liquefied. Similarly, the lubricating function is not impaired over a long period of time. Therefore, the liquefaction point is preferably 30 to 70 ° C.
- the bearing internal temperature rises as the rotation speed increases, it is necessary to supply more lubricating oil to the rolling contact surface in order to maintain an appropriate lubrication state.
- the bearing temperature is approximately 40 ° C or less, and the amount of lubricating oil is the rolling contact surface. A nearby lubricant is sufficient.
- the bearing temperature may exceed 40 ° C. In this case, the lubricating oil on the rolling contact surface There may be a shortage.
- the liquefaction point is more preferably 40 to 70 ° C.
- the operation of the above configuration will be described.
- an appropriate amount of grease 21 is sealed in the bearing inner space 31, and an appropriate amount of wax-based lubricant 23 is sealed in the oil storage space 37.
- the grease 21 includes a base oil having the same component as the wax-based lubricant 23 and has an affinity for the wax-based lubricant 23.
- the rolling bearing 100 In the initial operation of the rolling bearing 100 where the internal temperature of the rolling bearing 100 is relatively low, the rolling bearing 100 is lubricated by the grease 21 enclosed in the bearing inner space 31.
- the base oil of the grease 21 is held by a thickener having a fiber structure, and moves between the fibers of the thickener by capillary action. Further, when rotating at high speed, such as a spindle device of a machine tool or a high-speed (spindle) motor for driving the spindle, the temperature of the peripheral portion of the bearing rises so that the nearby grease 21 is heated and liquefied. . For this reason, the flow of the base oil is facilitated, and the grease life at high speed rotation is extended.
- the temperature inside the bearing gradually increases with the operation of the spindle device.
- a liquefaction point for example, 47 ° C.
- liquefaction of the wax-based lubricant 23 starts.
- the lubricating oil in which the wax-based lubricant 23 in the oil storage space 37 is liquefied moves to the bearing inner space 31 and is automatically replenished to the grease 21 in the bearing inner space 31.
- the grease 21 in the bearing inner space 31 can maintain the grease life under normal grease lubrication.
- the grease 21 since the grease 21 has poor fluidity compared to liquid lubricating oil, the grease 21 that contributes to the lubrication of the rolling bearing 100 is limited to the base oil component in the grease nearest to the rolling bearing 100.
- the wax-based lubricant 23 of this configuration changes from a semi-solid to a liquid due to heat generation and temperature rise of the rolling bearing 100.
- the lubricating oil in which the wax-based lubricant 23 in the oil storage space is liquefied infiltrates and moves from the oil storage space 37 to the grease 21 in the rolling bearing and is gradually supplied into the rolling bearing.
- the lubrication life of the rolling bearing 100 can be dramatically extended by the oil replenishment action from the wax-based lubricant 23.
- the rolling bearing 100 rotates at a higher speed, more lubricating oil is required at the rolling contact portion and the cage guide surface.
- the temperature of the rolling bearing 100 rises as it rotates at a high speed, and this heat is transmitted to the entire bearing. For this reason, liquefaction of the wax-based lubricant 23 in the oil storage space is promoted as the temperature rises, and more lubricating oil is supplied to the rolling bearing 100.
- an appropriate amount of lubricating oil corresponding to the rotational speed can be automatically controlled and replenished without giving an external command.
- the liquefaction point is set such that the wax-based lubricant 23 is liquefied and the lubricating oil is replenished when the rotation speed of the bearing becomes a predetermined rotation speed or higher, the high-speed rotation of the predetermined rotation speed or higher is achieved.
- the amount of lubricating oil supplied can be increased automatically, and seizure resistance is improved.
- lubrication can be automatically stopped during low-speed rotation where the amount of lubricating oil is not so much required. That is, when the liquefaction point is set to a higher temperature than the bearing internal temperature during low-speed rotation, and the specific rotational speed that requires the lubricating oil is exceeded, the wax-based lubricant 23 is liquefied and the lubricating oil is replenished. So that As a result, the life of the lubricant can be greatly extended.
- the operating temperature of the rolling bearing 100 is relatively low and no special cooling structure is required, or when the bearing temperature is within a predetermined range, such as when continuously operating at a constant rotational speed, it is assumed.
- the liquefaction point of the wax-based lubricant 23 may be set in accordance with the bearing temperature. Even in that case, the lubrication life can be extended by optimizing the replenishment amount of the wax-based lubricant 23.
- the general spindle device cools the rolling bearing 100 with the refrigerant supplied to the refrigerant supply path, and suppresses a decrease in processing accuracy due to a temperature change of the bearing.
- the bearing temperature changes depending on the operating conditions of the rolling bearing 100, the bearing temperature is detected by a sensor, and the amount of lubricating oil supplied to the bearing is feedback adjusted according to the detected bearing temperature.
- control according to the operating temperature of the rolling bearing 100 is required.
- control from the outside of the bearing is unnecessary, and a necessary amount of lubricating oil is automatically supplied to the bearing inner space 31.
- the grease 21 having affinity with the wax-based lubricant 23 is sealed in the bearing inner space 31 of the rolling bearing 100.
- another wax-based lubricant 23A is contained in the bearing.
- the space 31 may be enclosed.
- the liquefaction point of the other wax-based lubricant 23A is set higher (eg, liquefaction point 70 ° C.) than the assumed maximum operating temperature (eg, around 65 ° C.) of the rolling bearing 100,
- the other wax-based lubricant 23A in the rolling bearing always maintains a semi-solid state. That is, the other wax-based lubricant 23 ⁇ / b> A exhibits the same behavior as the normal grease 21 and lubricates the rolling bearing 100.
- the liquefaction point of the other wax-based lubricant 23A is set lower than the assumed maximum operation temperature, the liquid state of the other wax-based lubricant 23A is reached when the operation temperature exceeds the liquefaction point. As a result, the lubricant in the rolling bearing may flow out to the outside. In this case, there is a possibility that the other wax-based lubricant 23A can contribute only to initial lubrication at a low operating temperature. Therefore, the above-mentioned problem can be avoided by setting the liquefaction point of the other wax-based lubricant 23A to a temperature higher than the maximum operating temperature.
- the optimum amount of lubricating oil is continuously generated by setting the liquefaction point that reversibly changes between semi-solid and liquid in accordance with the operating temperature of the rolling bearing 100. Can be supplied inside. This makes it possible to control the appropriate amount of lubricating oil corresponding to the rotational speed (bearing temperature) without giving a command from the outside.
- the seal member 19 is formed to protrude outward from the inner and outer ring side end portions.
- the oil storage space 37 having a desired volume can be easily attached to the rolling bearing 100.
- the wax-based lubricant 23 changes from a semi-solid to a liquid by heating and increasing the temperature.
- the liquefied lubricating oil infiltrates and moves into the grease 21 in the bearing inner space 31 communicating with the oil storage space 37.
- the affinity of the grease 21 makes it easier for the lubricant to pass through the grease 21 and facilitates the replenishment of the lubricant into the bearing.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a main part of a first modification of the rolling bearing.
- the rolling bearing 110 of this modification has the same configuration as the above-described rolling bearing 100 except that the positional relationship between the bent portion 41 of the seal member 19 and the outer ring inner surface 43 is different.
- the diameter d of the inner edge portion of the bent portion 41 of the trapezoidal cross-section shaped sealing member 19 of this configuration is substantially the same as the inner diameter D of the outer ring inner diameter surface 43. Therefore, the inner side surface of the oblique side portion 39 of the seal member 19 is smoothly connected to the outer ring inner diameter surface 43 without having a stepped portion.
- the lubricating oil flowing in liquefied from the oil storage space 37 flows without resistance from the oblique side portion 39 to the outer ring inner surface 43, and the lubricating oil is supplied to the outer ring raceway surface 25 and the surface of the balls 17. Thereby, it is possible to move to the bearing inner space 31 with high efficiency without retaining the lubricating oil.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a main part of a second modification of the rolling bearing.
- a wax-based lubricant 49 having a liquefaction point higher than the maximum temperature assumed during operation of the rolling bearing 120 is enclosed in the bearing inner space 31 and the oil storage space 37.
- the wax-based lubricant 49 maintains the wax state at a temperature not higher than the maximum temperature reached by the bearing. That is, below the maximum temperature, the wax-based lubricant 49 behaves in the same manner as the normal grease 21.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view in which a part of the rolling bearing of the second configuration example is cut away.
- the seal member 53 is disposed on the inner side in the axial direction from the end surfaces of the inner ring 13 and the outer ring 15. That is, the end inner diameter surface 57 formed on the bearing outer side from the seal member holding groove 35 of the outer ring 15 and the end outer diameter surface 55 of the inner ring are extended in the axial direction so that the seal member 53 is located on the inner side of the bearing end surface. Contained.
- the seal member 53 does not protrude outward from the end faces of the inner ring 13 and the outer ring 15. That is, the seal member 53 does not protrude in the direction along the axis of the rolling bearing 100, and the degree of freedom of arrangement of the bearing is increased, and the seal member 53 can be prevented from being damaged due to interference with peripheral components.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view in which a part of the rolling bearing of the third configuration example is cut out.
- the rolling bearing 300 of this configuration has a configuration in which the seal member 61 does not protrude greatly outward in the axial direction, and an oil storage space for the wax-based lubricant 23 is provided in the bearing inner space 31 inside the seal member 61 in the axial direction. .
- the outer ring 15 and the inner ring 13 satisfy 1.5 ⁇ B / H ⁇ 3 when the bearing width is B and the bearing height is H. Therefore, the bearing inner space 31 has a sufficient space for the wax-based lubricant 23 to be disposed.
- this rolling bearing 300 it is easy to secure the volume of the oil storage space 37 by setting the bearing width and the bearing height to 1.5 ⁇ B / H. Further, since the oil storage space 37 is appropriately separated from the bearing center portion, a portion with less heat transfer can be formed. Therefore, the wax-based lubricant 23 can be held in a wax state without being liquefied entirely during the bearing operation.
- the oil storage space 37 is filled with the wax-based lubricant 23 that can be changed into a semi-solid state and a liquid state depending on the ambient temperature, thereby enabling stable lubrication over a long period of time. It becomes.
- this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above, A deformation
- the oil storage space 37 is provided in the radial deep groove ball bearing and the wax-based lubricant 23 is stored.
- the present invention can also be applied to a bearing of the type.
- the example which applied the rolling bearing to the high-speed (spindle) motor used for the drive of the spindle apparatus of a machine tool was demonstrated, it is not restricted to this, The rolling bearing for general industrial machines, the rolling bearing for other motors, etc.
- the present invention can also be applied as a rolling bearing of a device that rotates at a high speed.
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Abstract
Description
(1)外周面に内輪軌道面を有する内輪と、内周面に外輪軌道面を有する外輪と、前記内輪軌道面と前記外輪軌道面との間の軸受内空間に転動自在に配置される複数の転動体と、前記内輪と前記外輪のいずれか一方の軌道輪の軸方向端部に位置され前記軸受内空間を塞ぐシール部材と、を有する転がり軸受であって、
前記シール部材は、軸方向外側に膨らむ貯油スペースを有し、
前記貯油スペースには、潤滑油とワックスとを含み、10~70℃の温度範囲内の所定の温度である液状化点を境として、前記液状化点を越えたときの液状状態と、前記液状化点以下での半固体状態との間を、変化可能なワックス系潤滑剤が封入されることを特徴とする転がり軸受。
(2)前記シール部材は、前記貯油スペースが前記内輪と前記外輪の端面から軸方向外側に突出したことを特徴とする(1)に記載の転がり軸受。
(3)前記シール部材は、前記内輪と前記外輪の端面より軸方向内側に配置されたことを特徴とする(1)に記載の転がり軸受。
(4)前記外輪と前記内輪は、軸受幅をB、軸受高さをHとした場合に、1.5≦B/H≦3を満足することを特徴とする(1)~(3)のいずれか1つに記載の転がり軸受。
(5)前記軸受内空間には、前記転がり軸受の運転時に想定される最高温度よりも高い前記液状化点を有する前記ワックス系潤滑剤が封入されることを特徴とする(1)~(4)のいずれか1つに記載の転がり軸受。
(6)前記軸受内空間には、グリースが封入され、
前記グリースは、前記ワックス系潤滑剤と親和性及び浸潤性を有する基油成分を含んで構成されることを特徴とする(1)~(4)のいずれか1つに記載の転がり軸受。
(7)前記ワックス系潤滑剤が、前記液状化点を境として、前記液状状態と前記半固体状態との間を可逆変化可能であることを特徴とする(1)~(6)のいずれか1つに記載の転がり軸受。
尚、請求項1に記載の「ワックス系潤滑剤」とは、潤滑油とワックスとを含む潤滑剤を言い、また、「液状化点」とは、ワックス系潤滑剤が半固体状態から液体状態に、或いは液体状態から半固体状態に変化するときの温度を言う。また、「液状化点」は、例えば日本国の危険物の規制に関する規則、第12章 雑則 第69条の2(液状の定義)に従っている。
図1は本発明の実施形態を説明するための図で、転がり軸受の一部分を切り欠いた部分断面図である。
(1)試験物品(ワックス系潤滑剤)を2本の試験管(直径30mm、高さ120mm)のLa線(高さ55mm)まで入れる。
(2)一方の試験管(液状判断用試験管)を孔穴の無いゴム栓で密栓する。
(3)他方の試験管(温度測定用試験管)を、温度計を付けたゴム栓で密栓する。尚、温度計は、その先端が試験物品の表面より30mmの深さになるように挿入し、試験管に対して直立させる。
(4)2本の試験管を、液状確認温度±0.1℃に保持された恒温槽中に、Lb線(試験物品の表面よりも30mm上方)が恒温槽の水面下に没するように直立させて静置する。
(5)温度測定用試験管中の試験物品の温度が液状確認温度±0.1℃になってから、10分間そのままの状態を保持する。
(6)液状判断試験管を恒温水槽から水平な台上に直立したまま取り出し、直ちに台の上に水平に倒し、試験物品の先端がLb線に到達するまでの時間を計測する。
(7)試験物品がLb線に達するまでの時間が90秒以内であるとき、試験物品が「液状」であると判断する。
(8)そして、恒温水槽の温度を種々変更して(1)~(7)を行い、液状になった温度を「液状化点」とする。
尚、液状化点とは、水の凝固点(0°/純水、大気圧下)のような定点温度ではなく、ある特定温度に対して略±2℃程度の範囲で定義、数値化される。
例えば、マイクロクリスタリンワックスは、融点が67~98℃であるが、潤滑油と上記混合割合にて混合したワックス系潤滑剤は、液状化点を35~50℃の範囲の所定の温度に設定することができる。また、パラフィンワックスは、融点が47~69℃であるが、潤滑油と上記混合割合にて混合したワックス系潤滑剤は、液状化点を20~35℃の範囲の所定の温度に設定することができる。
しかしながら、最高回転での連続加工の場合、或いは、回転数は低くても重切削加工を連続して行う場合、軸受温度が40℃を上回る場合があり、この場合、転がり接触面の潤滑油が不足する虞れがある。このため、液状化点の下限を40℃に設定することで、この時に、軸受周辺のワックス系潤滑剤23が液状化し、転がり接触面に不足する潤滑油を補充することができ、不意の焼き付きなどの不具合を未然に防止することができる。したがって、液状化点を40~70℃とすることがより好ましい。
本構成の転がり軸受100は、軸受内空間31に、適量のグリース21が封入され、貯油スペース37には、適量のワックス系潤滑剤23が封入されている。グリース21は、前述したように、ワックス系潤滑剤23と同一成分の基油を含み、ワックス系潤滑剤23との親和性を有している。
図4は転がり軸受の第1の変形例の要部拡大図である。
本変形例の転がり軸受110は、シール部材19の屈曲部41と外輪内径面43との位置関係が異なる他は、前述の転がり軸受100と同様の構成である。
図5は転がり軸受の第2の変形例の要部拡大図である。
本構成の転がり軸受120は、軸受内空間31及び貯油スペース37に、転がり軸受120の運転時に想定される最高温度よりも高い液状化点を有するワックス系潤滑剤49が封入される。
図6は第2の構成例の転がり軸受の一部分を切り欠いた断面図である。
本構成の転がり軸受200においては、シール部材53が、内輪13と外輪15の端面より軸方向内側に配置されている。つまり、外輪15のシール部材保持溝35より軸受外側に形成される端部内径面57と、内輪の端部外径面55とを軸方向に延長して、シール部材53を軸受端面より内側に収容している。
図7は第3の構成例の転がり軸受の一部分を切り欠いた断面図である。
本構成の転がり軸受300は、シール部材61が軸方向外側に大きく突出せず、シール部材61の軸方向内側の軸受内空間31にワックス系潤滑剤23の貯油スペースを設けた構成となっている。
例えば、本構成例では、ラジアル形の深溝玉軸受に貯油スペース37を設けて、ワックス系潤滑剤23を貯留するように説明したが、この軸受形式に限定されず、ころ軸受を含む他の任意の形式の軸受にも本発明を適用することができる。
更に、転がり軸受を工作機械の主軸装置の駆動用として使用される高速(スピンドル)モータに適用した例について説明したが、これに限らず、一般産業機械用転がり軸受、他のモータ用転がり軸受等の高速回転する装置の転がり軸受としても適用することができ、同様の効果を奏する。
15 外輪
17 転動体
19,53,61 シール部材
21 グリース
23,23A,49 ワックス系潤滑剤
25 外輪軌道面
27 内輪軌道面
31 軸受内空間
37 貯油スペース
100,110,120,200,300 転がり軸受
Claims (7)
- 外周面に内輪軌道面を有する内輪と、内周面に外輪軌道面を有する外輪と、前記内輪軌道面と前記外輪軌道面との間の軸受内空間に転動自在に配置される複数の転動体と、前記内輪と前記外輪のいずれか一方の軌道輪の軸方向端部に位置され前記軸受内空間を塞ぐシール部材と、を有する転がり軸受であって、
前記シール部材は、軸方向外側に膨らむ貯油スペースを有し、
前記貯油スペースには、潤滑油とワックスとを含み、10~70℃の温度範囲内の所定の温度である液状化点を境として、前記液状化点を越えたときの液状状態と、前記液状化点以下での半固体状態との間を、変化可能なワックス系潤滑剤が封入されることを特徴とする転がり軸受。 - 前記シール部材は、前記貯油スペースが前記内輪と前記外輪の端面から軸方向外側に突出したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の転がり軸受。
- 前記シール部材は、前記内輪と前記外輪の端面より軸方向内側に配置されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の転がり軸受。
- 前記外輪と前記内輪は、軸受幅をB、軸受高さをHとした場合に、1.5≦B/H≦3を満足することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の転がり軸受。
- 前記軸受内空間には、前記転がり軸受の運転時に想定される最高温度よりも高い前記液状化点を有する前記ワックス系潤滑剤が封入されることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の転がり軸受。
- 前記軸受内空間には、グリースが封入され、
前記グリースは、前記ワックス系潤滑剤と親和性及び浸潤性を有する基油成分を含んで構成されることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の転がり軸受。 - 前記ワックス系潤滑剤が、前記液状化点を境として、前記液状状態と前記半固体状態との間を可逆変化可能であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の転がり軸受。
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EP15854187.0A EP3214159B1 (en) | 2014-10-29 | 2015-10-28 | Rolling bearing |
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KR1020177011844A KR101983922B1 (ko) | 2014-10-29 | 2015-10-28 | 구름 베어링 |
CN201580059278.9A CN107002757B (zh) | 2014-10-29 | 2015-10-28 | 滚动轴承 |
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- 2015-10-28 JP JP2016556610A patent/JP6617714B2/ja active Active
- 2015-10-28 WO PCT/JP2015/080460 patent/WO2016068215A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-10-28 EP EP15854187.0A patent/EP3214159B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2015-10-29 TW TW104135643A patent/TWI607160B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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WO2020095447A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-14 | 株式会社ハーモニック・ドライブ・システムズ | 波動歯車装置の潤滑方法 |
JPWO2020095447A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-09 | 2021-02-15 | 株式会社ハーモニック・ドライブ・システムズ | 波動歯車装置の潤滑方法 |
US11320041B2 (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2022-05-03 | Harmonic Drive Systems Inc. | Method for lubricating strain wave gearing |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20170066533A (ko) | 2017-06-14 |
TW201629363A (zh) | 2016-08-16 |
KR101983922B1 (ko) | 2019-05-29 |
CN107002757A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
JPWO2016068215A1 (ja) | 2017-08-10 |
TWI607160B (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
EP3214159B1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
CN107002757B (zh) | 2019-06-28 |
EP3214159A4 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
EP3214159A1 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
JP6617714B2 (ja) | 2019-12-11 |
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