WO2016067898A1 - 抗菌性組成物および抗菌性釉薬組成物並びに抗菌性物品 - Google Patents
抗菌性組成物および抗菌性釉薬組成物並びに抗菌性物品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016067898A1 WO2016067898A1 PCT/JP2015/078768 JP2015078768W WO2016067898A1 WO 2016067898 A1 WO2016067898 A1 WO 2016067898A1 JP 2015078768 W JP2015078768 W JP 2015078768W WO 2016067898 A1 WO2016067898 A1 WO 2016067898A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
- C03C14/004—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix the non-glass component being in the form of particles or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/097—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing phosphorus, niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/16—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing phosphorus
- C03C3/17—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing phosphorus containing aluminium or beryllium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/16—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing phosphorus
- C03C3/21—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing phosphorus containing titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten or molybdenum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/23—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing halogen and at least one oxide, e.g. oxide of boron
- C03C3/247—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing halogen and at least one oxide, e.g. oxide of boron containing fluorine and phosphorus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/04—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/06—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/08—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing phosphorus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/18—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing free metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2204/00—Glasses, glazes or enamels with special properties
- C03C2204/02—Antibacterial glass, glaze or enamel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2214/00—Nature of the non-vitreous component
- C03C2214/08—Metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/2092—Resistance against biological degradation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antibacterial composition, an antibacterial glaze composition, and an antibacterial article, and in particular, sanitary ware, medical supplies, bowls, kitchenware such as various containers and tableware, building materials such as tiles, and various types of automobiles.
- the present invention relates to an antibacterial article in which a film is formed with a glaze composition.
- metals such as silver, copper, and zinc have been widely used as antibacterial components. These metals are said to have a function of hindering the growth of bacteria by their ions acting on active enzymes in cells such as bacteria.
- the concentration of the antibacterial component necessary to inhibit the growth of this bacterium is expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
- MIC minimum inhibitory concentration
- silver or other antibacterial metals or metal oxides are uniformly dispersed in the glaze layer formed on the surface of the ceramic or glazed products. It is necessary to elute these metals and metal oxides on the surface of ceramics and porcelain products.
- the silver concentration on the surface of the glaze layer is About 50 ppm to 200 ppm (minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC)) is necessary.
- MIC minimum growth inhibitory concentration
- the amount of silver contained in the glaze layer is greatly reduced from the blended amount due to evaporation of the silver component, diffusion of the silver component into the ceramic base, and the like. Therefore, in order for the glaze layer to exhibit a predetermined antibacterial property, it is necessary to add a relatively large amount of silver to the glaze, and thus there is a problem that the cost is increased.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an antibacterial composition, an antibacterial glaze composition, and an antibacterial that can improve antibacterial properties by using a smaller amount of silver or a silver compound than conventional ones. It aims at providing a property article.
- the present inventors have found that the content of silver-containing powder in a mixture of silver-containing powder and phosphate glass powder is 5% by mass in terms of silver.
- the antibacterial composition having an A / P ratio of 0.05 to 1.5 and a mass ratio of silver (A) and phosphate glass (P) contained in the mixture.
- A silver
- P phosphate glass
- the antibacterial composition of the present invention includes a silver-containing powder and a phosphate glass powder, and the content of the silver-containing powder in the mixture is 5% by mass or more and 60% by mass in terms of silver.
- a / P which is a mass ratio of silver (A) and phosphate glass (P) contained in the mixture, is 0.05 or more and 1.5 or less. It is a thing.
- the antibacterial glaze composition of the present invention comprises the antibacterial composition of the present invention and a glaze, and the content of the antibacterial composition is 0.01 mass in terms of silver with respect to the glaze.
- % Antibacterial glaze composition characterized by being not less than 3% and not more than 3% by mass.
- the antibacterial article of the present invention is formed by forming a film with the antibacterial glaze composition of the present invention.
- the content of the silver-containing powder in the mixture of the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder is 5% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less in terms of silver. Since A / P which is a mass ratio of silver (A) and phosphate glass (P) contained in the mixture is 0.05 or more and 1.5 or less, antibacterial properties can be improved, In addition, the silver or silver compound content can be reduced.
- the antibacterial composition of the present invention and a glaze are contained, and the content of the antibacterial composition is 0.01% by mass or more in terms of silver with respect to the glaze. And since it was 3 mass% or less, the antibacterial property of an antibacterial glaze composition can be improved, and also content of silver or a silver compound can be decreased.
- the coating is formed with the antibacterial glaze composition of the present invention, the antibacterial property of the surface of the antibacterial article can be improved, and the content of silver or a silver compound can be reduced. Can be reduced.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- COMPO reflection electron composition
- the antibacterial composition of the present embodiment includes a mixture of silver-containing powder and phosphate glass powder, and the content of the silver-containing powder in the mixture is 5% by mass or more and 60% by mass in terms of silver.
- a / P which is a mass ratio of silver (A) and phosphate glass (P) contained in the mixture, is 0.05 or more and 1.5 or less.
- the content of the silver-containing powder in the mixture of the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder is 5% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less in terms of silver. It is preferable that it is at least 40% by mass and not more than 40% by mass.
- the content of the silver-containing powder in the mixture of the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder is less than 5% by mass in terms of silver, a coating formed by the antibacterial glaze composition including the antibacterial composition (glaze In order for the layer) to exhibit good antibacterial properties, the amount of the antibacterial composition added to the antibacterial glaze composition increases, which may affect the original film quality such as strength, gloss, and color.
- the content of the silver-containing powder in the mixture of the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder exceeds 60% by mass in terms of silver, the content of the phosphate glass powder in the antibacterial composition Therefore, due to the mass ratio between silver and phosphate glass, which will be described later, in the baking process after the antibacterial glaze composition containing the antibacterial composition is applied to the surface of the ceramic or glaze product, it evaporates. -Good effects cannot be obtained to suppress silver loss due to diffusion.
- a / P which is a mass ratio of silver (A) and phosphate glass (P) contained in a mixture of silver-containing powder and phosphate glass powder is: It is 0.05 or more and 1.5 or less, and preferably 0.15 or more and 1 or less.
- a / P which is a mass ratio of silver (A) and phosphate glass (P) contained in the mixture of silver-containing powder and phosphate glass powder
- the antibacterial composition In order for the film formed from the antibacterial glaze composition including the antibacterial composition to exhibit good antibacterial properties, the antibacterial composition should be applied to the antibacterial glaze composition. The addition amount increases, and the amount of phosphate glass contained in the antibacterial glaze composition increases.
- the phosphate glass has a tendency to phase-divide in the glaze mainly composed of silica (SiO 2 ) and emerge on the surface, the amount of the phosphate glass contained in the antibacterial glaze composition If the amount is too large, there may be a problem in appearance such as whitening of the glaze layer, or the surface smoothness of the glaze layer may be adversely affected.
- a / P which is a mass ratio of silver (A) and phosphate glass (P) contained in the mixture of silver-containing powder and phosphate glass powder exceeds 1.5
- phosphorus Silver ions (Ag +) that cannot be bonded to the salt glass increase, so silver loss due to evaporation / diffusion in the baking process after applying antibacterial glaze composition containing antibacterial composition to the surface of ceramics and glaze products The effect of suppressing is insufficient.
- the silver-containing powder is preferably a powder composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of silver, silver phosphate, silver oxide, silver carbonate, silver nitrate, silver chloride, silver sulfide and silver acetate. More preferred is a powder comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of silver oxide and silver oxide.
- the BET specific surface area of the silver-containing powder is preferably 0.2 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 0.3 m 2 / g or more, 0.4 m 2 / g or more and 2.5 m 2 / More preferably, it is g or less.
- the antibacterial composition of the present embodiment includes a silver-containing powder having a BET specific surface area of 0.2 m 2 / g or more, thereby forming a secondary aggregate of the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder. In the process of baking the antibacterial composition or the antibacterial glaze composition, the probability that silver ions interact (bond / phase separation) with the phosphate glass increases.
- the coating comprising an antibacterial glaze composition can exhibit excellent antibacterial properties.
- the BET specific surface area of the silver-containing powder is less than 0.2 m 2 / g, it is difficult to form a secondary aggregate of the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder, and the secondary aggregate was formed. Even so, it is brittle and fragile. Therefore, when the antibacterial glaze composition is prepared, the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder are separated from each other in the glaze, and the antibacterial composition or the antibacterial glaze composition is fired. Silver ions and phosphate glass are difficult to bond, and the effect of suppressing the diffusion and evaporation of silver becomes insufficient.
- the secondary agglomerate means that at least one silver-containing powder primary particle and at least one phosphate glass powder primary particle are non-conductive such as electrostatic interaction and van der Waals force.
- an average particle diameter of the antibacterial composition can be mentioned.
- the average particle diameter (median diameter) of the antibacterial composition of the present embodiment by a laser diffraction / scattering method is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the size of the secondary aggregate can be directly observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or the like.
- the longest width of the secondary aggregate is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- variety of a secondary aggregate is a width
- the antibacterial composition when the average particle diameter of the secondary aggregate (median diameter) exceeds 50 ⁇ m, or the number of coarse secondary aggregates such that the longest width of the secondary aggregate exceeds 100 ⁇ m increases, the antibacterial property is increased.
- a coating film made of a glaze composition is baked to form a coating film made of an antibacterial glaze composition, the phase separation size of the phosphate glass rich in silver ions increases, and the antibacterial glaze composition Therefore, the distribution of silver ions on the surface of the coating made of the antibacterial glaze composition becomes non-uniform, and there is a possibility that stable antibacterial properties cannot be obtained in the coating.
- Phosphate glass powder includes diphosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), and sodium oxide (Na 2 O) as components in terms of oxides measured by fluorescent X-ray measurement. And at least one of potassium oxide (K 2 O).
- the content of P 2 O 5 which is an oxide-converted component by the fluorescent X-ray measurement method, is 25% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less, and 30% by mass or more and 50% by mass.
- the following is preferable.
- the content of P 2 O 5 is less than 25% by mass, the amount of silver ions bonded to the phosphate glass decreases, and the effect of suppressing silver diffusion and evaporation becomes insufficient.
- the content of P 2 O 5 exceeds 60% by mass, an antibacterial article was produced by forming a film on the surface of a ceramic or a glazed product using an antibacterial glaze composition containing the antibacterial composition. In this case, the coating is easily separated from the antibacterial article, which may adversely affect the appearance and smoothness of the antibacterial article.
- the content of Al 2 O 3 which is an oxide-converted component by the fluorescent X-ray measurement method, is 10% by mass to 35% by mass, 20% by mass to 30% by mass.
- the phosphate glass powder forms a three-dimensional network structure by the combination of P 2 O 5 and Al 2 O 3 .
- P 2 O 5 alone is soluble in water because it becomes a linear condensed phosphate. Accordingly, in the phosphate glass powder, when the content of Al 2 O 3 is less than 10% by mass, the amount of linear condensed phosphate increases, so an antibacterial glaze composition including an antibacterial composition is used.
- the antibacterial article When an antibacterial article is produced by forming a film on the surface of a ceramic or glazed product, the antibacterial article has poor water resistance, and silver is eluted from the film when used in an environment with water. Permanent antibacterial properties may be difficult to develop.
- the content of Al 2 O 3 exceeds 35% by mass, the antibacterial properties and the smoothness of the surface of the glaze layer are reduced due to a decrease in the meltability of the phosphate glass and the precipitation of Al 2 O 3 during firing. affect.
- the content of Na 2 O and K 2 O which are components converted to oxides by fluorescent X-ray measurement, that is, the total content of Na 2 O and K 2 O combined is It is 10 mass% or more and 35 mass% or less, and it is preferable that they are 18 mass% or more and 28 mass% or less.
- the content of Na 2 O and K 2 O is less than 10% by mass, silver ions are not substituted with sufficient amounts of sodium ions (Na +) and potassium ions (K +) contained in the phosphate glass powder. The amount of silver ions bonded to the salt glass is reduced, and the effect of suppressing the diffusion and evaporation of silver becomes insufficient.
- the average primary particle diameter of the phosphate glass powder is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average primary particle diameter of the phosphate glass powder exceeds 20 ⁇ m, it is difficult to form a secondary aggregate of the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder, and even if the secondary aggregate is formed, it is brittle. Fragile. Therefore, when the antibacterial glaze composition is prepared, the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder are separated from each other in the glaze, and the antibacterial composition or the antibacterial glaze composition is fired. Silver ions and phosphate glass are difficult to bond, and the effect of suppressing the diffusion and evaporation of silver becomes insufficient.
- the softening point of the phosphate glass powder is preferably lower than the melting point of the silver-containing powder.
- the phosphate glass softens the previously melted silver during the baking process of the antibacterial composition or antibacterial glaze composition. Until then, it cannot be bonded to the phosphate glass, so it will be lost due to evaporation and diffusion.
- the antibacterial composition of the present embodiment for example, for adjusting the melting property during firing, as necessary, glass powder and mineral powder, metal oxide, Metal salt compounds, phosphates and the like may be included.
- the method for producing the antibacterial composition of the present embodiment is a method of mixing phosphate glass powder and silver-containing powder, and the commonly used method for producing phosphate glass powder is glass.
- a manufacturing method of powder (frit glass) or the like can be applied.
- the mixing method of the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder is not particularly limited, but in order to produce many secondary aggregates of the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder, In particular, a mixing method in which moderate collision energy is generated and the collision frequency between particles is high is preferable, and a mixing method in which a strong impact force or shear force is not generated is preferable. When a strong impact force or shearing force is applied, the secondary aggregate formed by the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder may be broken. In addition, the mixing method in which the mixing time is long and high frictional heat is generated is not preferable because the secondary aggregate may be coarsened.
- Examples of such a mixing method include a container rotating type mixer such as a cone mixer, a mixing blade type mixer such as a ribbon mixer, and a fluidized bed type mixer.
- the mixing time is preferably 1 hour or more and less than 100 hours. If the mixing time is short, the mixed state may be non-uniform. On the other hand, if the mixing time is long, coarse aggregates are generated, the distribution of silver ions on the surface of the glaze layer becomes uneven, and the antibacterial property may become unstable.
- the content of silver-containing powder in the mixture is 5% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less in terms of silver
- An antibacterial composition having an A / P, which is a mass ratio of silver (A) and phosphate glass (P), of 0.05 to 1.5 and an average particle size of 50 ⁇ m or less is obtained.
- the antibacterial glaze composition of this embodiment is an antibacterial glaze composition comprising the antibacterial composition of this embodiment described above and a glaze, and the content of the antibacterial composition is a glaze.
- silver it is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less.
- the reason why the content of the antibacterial composition is 0.01% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less in terms of silver with respect to the glaze is that the content of the antibacterial composition is 0.01% by mass in terms of silver. If the amount is less than 1, the amount of silver contained in the antibacterial composition is too small and the antibacterial property is lowered.
- the desired antibacterial property cannot be expressed, and the antibacterial property as the antibacterial composition This is because it is not preferable.
- the content of the antibacterial composition exceeds 3% by mass in terms of silver, it is not preferable because silver is contained more than the desired antibacterial property is exhibited, and much of the silver is wasted.
- the antibacterial glaze composition of the present embodiment includes auxiliary powders such as inorganic powders such as glass powder and mineral powder, thickeners, and dispersants. Also good.
- the antibacterial glaze composition of this embodiment imparts antibacterial properties to the glaze by containing the antibacterial composition of this embodiment in an amount of 0.01% by mass to 3% by mass in terms of silver with respect to the glaze. In addition, the content of silver or a silver compound can be reduced.
- the antibacterial glaze composition of the present embodiment is applied to ceramic products and glaze products to form a coating film, and the coating film (glazing layer) is formed by heat treatment of the ceramic product or glaze product.
- the coating thickness (the thickness of the coating film) of the antibacterial glaze composition of the present embodiment for a ceramic product or a glazed product is 10 ⁇ m or more and less than 1000 ⁇ m. If the coating thickness of the antibacterial glaze composition is less than 10 ⁇ m, it is difficult to uniformly form a film made of the antibacterial glaze composition on the surface of the ceramic product or the glaze product, and there is a possibility that uneven development of antibacterial properties may occur. is there. On the other hand, when the coating thickness of the antibacterial glaze composition is 1000 ⁇ m or more, the amount of the antibacterial glaze composition used is increased, which increases the cost and is not economically preferable.
- the antibacterial article of the present embodiment is an article in which a film (glaze layer) is formed by the antibacterial glaze composition of the present embodiment.
- these articles include stains caused by bacteria in a bathroom, toilet, kitchen, bathroom, etc. Used in places where it is necessary to protect human lives from bacteria such as hospitals, food processing facilities, public facilities, etc., for example, sanitary ware, containers, tableware, tiles, ceramic products such as pottery, containers, Examples of such products include panels, cooking utensils, electrical appliances, and building materials.
- the antibacterial property of the surface of the article can be improved, and silver Alternatively, the content of the silver compound can be reduced.
- the film formed on the surface of the ceramic product or the glazed product may be a single layer or two or more layers, but the film formed by the antibacterial glaze composition of this embodiment is preferably the outermost layer.
- the coating formed by the antibacterial glaze composition of this embodiment is not the outermost layer, silver ions are difficult to be present on the surface of the coating, and the antibacterial properties due to silver may be difficult to be exhibited.
- the antibacterial composition of the present embodiment contains a mixture of silver-containing powder and phosphate glass powder, and the silver-containing powder content in the mixture is in terms of silver.
- a / P which is 5 mass% or more and 60 mass% or less and is a mass ratio of silver (A) and phosphate glass (P) contained in the mixture is 0.05 or more and 1.5 or less. Therefore, antibacterial properties can be improved and the content of silver or a silver compound can be reduced.
- the phosphate glass powder contains a certain amount or more of monovalent cations such as Na + and K +.
- the antibacterial composition of the present embodiment contains silver in a glaze mainly composed of silica in a phosphate glass. Phase separation and phosphate glass have a large coefficient of thermal expansion and a low specific gravity during firing. Therefore, the surface of the coating is utilized by utilizing the phenomenon that tends to localize near the surface of the coating made of an antibacterial glaze composition. The amount of silver in can be increased. Thereby, even if the addition amount of silver or a silver compound to the antibacterial composition is reduced, the antibacterial composition can exhibit antibacterial properties.
- the mixing ratio of the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder is important.
- the antibacterial composition when the silver-containing powder content is higher than the phosphate glass powder, the effect of suppressing silver loss due to evaporation and diffusion of silver components due to the combination of silver ions and phosphate glass Is insufficient.
- the antibacterial composition when the content of the silver-containing powder is less than the phosphate glass powder, the antibacterial composition and the glaze are reduced because the silver content in the antibacterial composition is small.
- a large amount of antibacterial agent must be added to the antibacterial glaze composition, and the phosphate glass concentration in the antibacterial glaze composition is high.
- the phosphate glass is phase-separated in the glaze mainly composed of silica and tends to localize on the surface of the coating composed of the antibacterial glaze composition.
- the content of the phosphate glass is large, there is a possibility that an appearance defect such as whitening of the coating made of the antibacterial glaze composition may occur, or the smoothness of the surface of the coating may be adversely affected.
- the antibacterial composition of this embodiment can express the outstanding antibacterial property by the compounding quantity of silver or a silver compound of a smaller amount than before.
- condensed phosphates phosphoric acid polymers
- metal ions such as water treatment agents.
- phosphate glasses containing aluminum oxide in the structure form a three-dimensional network structure. Furthermore, since aluminum enters the network structure of the phosphate glass, the phosphate glass keeps the charge neutral, so the double bond of the phosphate glass is cleaved, and the structure of the phosphate glass is Since it becomes dense, the antibacterial composition of this embodiment is considered to improve water resistance. Since the antibacterial composition of this embodiment is applied to sanitary ware and pottery products, water resistance is an important point. Therefore, the phosphate glass in the antibacterial composition of this embodiment needs to contain aluminum in the structure.
- the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder form a secondary aggregate, and the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder exist adjacent to each other.
- the antibacterial composition of this embodiment and the glaze are contained, and the content of this antibacterial composition is 0.01 in terms of silver with respect to the glaze. Since it was made into the mass% or more and 3 mass% or less, the antibacterial property of an antibacterial glaze composition can be improved, and also content of silver or a silver compound can be decreased.
- the antibacterial properties of the surface of the antibacterial article can be improved because the coating is formed by the antibacterial glaze composition of the present embodiment.
- the content can be reduced.
- Example 1 "Preparation of antibacterial composition" As silver-containing powder, 35 parts by mass of silver having a BET specific surface area of 0.6 m 2 / g, and 65 parts by mass of phosphate glass powder A having the components shown in Table 1 are mixed in a container rotary mixer. The mixture was mixed for 3 hours to obtain an antibacterial composition of Example 1 composed of a mixture of silver-containing powder and phosphate glass powder A.
- the antibacterial composition was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to confirm the presence or absence of secondary aggregates. Further, the longest width ( ⁇ m) of the secondary aggregate was measured by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Moreover, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of an antibacterial composition is shown in FIG. A reflection electron composition (COMPO) image of the antibacterial composition is shown in FIG. The scanning electron microscope image clarifies the shape of the measurement object. The backscattered electron composition image is obtained by image processing of the backscattered electron image. The brightness of the image varies depending on the component of the measurement object, and the brighter the atomic number. In FIG.
- particles having a small particle diameter and having a spherical shape are silver-containing powders, and particles having a large particle diameter and not having a spherical shape are phosphate glass powders A.
- bright (whitish) particles are silver-containing powder, and dark (blackish) particles are phosphate glass powder A.
- a ceramic plate having a length of 50 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a thickness of 5 mm is prepared, and the antibacterial glaze composition is spray-applied at a coating amount of 1000 g / m 2 on the ceramic plate, and dried to a temperature of 1200 ° C. And baked for 1 hour to obtain an antibacterial ceramic plate of Example 1.
- Antimicrobial evaluation of antibacterial ceramic plates The antibacterial ceramic plate was immersed in water at 50 ° C. for 16 hours for water resistance confirmation. Thereafter, the antibacterial property of the antibacterial ceramic plate was evaluated according to Japanese Industrial Standard JIS Z 2801 “Antimicrobial Processed Products—Antimicrobial Test Method / Antimicrobial Effect”, and the antibacterial activity value was determined from the following formula.
- E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were tested, and the presence or absence of each antibacterial performance was evaluated. Evaluation is passed if the antibacterial activity value of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is 2.0 or more according to Japanese Industrial Standard JIS Z 2801 “Antimicrobial Processed Products-Antibacterial Test Method / Antimicrobial Effect”. If either one or both of the cocci were less than 2.0, the test was rejected. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 The antibacterial properties of Example 2 were the same as Example 1 except that the mixing ratio of silver and phosphate glass powder A was 25 parts by mass of silver and 75 parts by mass of phosphate glass powder A.
- a composition was prepared. About the antibacterial composition of Example 2, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the antibacterial glaze composition of Example 2, and the antibacterial ceramic board. The antibacterial ceramic plate of Example 2 was subjected to antibacterial evaluation and appearance evaluation in the same manner as Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 3 The antibacterial properties of Example 3 were the same as Example 1 except that the mixing ratio of silver and phosphate glass powder A was 15 parts by mass of silver and 85 parts by mass of phosphate glass powder A.
- a composition was prepared. About the antibacterial composition of Example 3, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the antibacterial glaze composition and antibacterial ceramic board of Example 3. The antibacterial ceramic plate of Example 3 was subjected to antibacterial evaluation and appearance evaluation in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 4 The antibacterial properties of Example 4 were the same as Example 1 except that the mixing ratio of silver and phosphate glass powder A was 45 parts by mass of silver and 55 parts by mass of phosphate glass powder A. A composition was prepared. About the antibacterial composition of Example 4, the average particle diameter was measured and the secondary aggregate was confirmed in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the antibacterial glaze composition and antibacterial ceramic board of Example 4. About the antibacterial ceramic board of Example 4, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and performed antibacterial evaluation and external appearance evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 5 An antibacterial composition of Example 5 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that silver having a BET specific surface area of 0.3 m 2 / g was used as the silver-containing powder. About the antibacterial composition of Example 5, the average particle diameter was measured and the secondary aggregate was confirmed in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the antibacterial glaze composition and antibacterial ceramic board of Example 5. The antibacterial ceramic plate of Example 5 was subjected to antibacterial evaluation and appearance evaluation in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 6 An antibacterial composition of Example 6 was produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that silver phosphate having a BET specific surface area of 2.0 m 2 / g was used as the silver-containing powder. About the antibacterial composition of Example 6, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the antibacterial glaze composition of Example 6, and the antibacterial ceramic board. About the antibacterial ceramic board of Example 6, antibacterial evaluation and appearance evaluation were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 7 An antibacterial composition of Example 7 was produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that silver oxide having a BET specific surface area of 1.5 m 2 / g was used as the silver-containing powder. About the antibacterial composition of Example 7, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the antibacterial glaze composition and antibacterial ceramic board of Example 7. About the antibacterial ceramic plate of Example 7, antibacterial evaluation and appearance evaluation were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 8 An antibacterial composition of Example 8 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that phosphate glass powder B having components shown in Table 1 was used instead of phosphate glass powder A. About the antimicrobial composition of Example 8, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the antibacterial glaze composition and antibacterial ceramic board of Example 8. About the antibacterial ceramic plate of Example 8, antibacterial evaluation and appearance evaluation were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 9 An antibacterial composition of Example 9 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that phosphate glass powder C having components shown in Table 1 was used instead of phosphate glass powder A. About the antibacterial composition of Example 9, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the antibacterial glaze composition and antibacterial ceramic board of Example 9. The antibacterial ceramic plate of Example 9 was subjected to antibacterial evaluation and appearance evaluation in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 10 The antibacterial properties of Example 10 were the same as Example 1 except that the mixing ratio of silver and phosphate glass powder A was set to 60 parts by mass of silver and 40 parts by mass of phosphate glass powder A. A composition was prepared. About the antibacterial composition of Example 10, the average particle diameter was measured and the secondary aggregate was confirmed in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Further, the antibacterial glaze composition and the antibacterial of Example 10 were the same as Example 1 except that the above-mentioned antibacterial composition was added to 2.5% by mass with respect to the glaze raw material in terms of silver. Ceramic plates were produced. The antibacterial ceramic plate of Example 10 was subjected to antibacterial evaluation and appearance evaluation in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 11 The antibacterial properties of Example 11 were the same as Example 1 except that the mixing ratio of silver and phosphate glass powder A was set to 5 parts by mass of silver and 95 parts by mass of phosphate glass powder A. A composition was prepared. About the antibacterial composition of Example 11, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Also, the antibacterial glaze composition and antibacterial of Example 11 were the same as Example 1 except that the above-mentioned antibacterial composition was added to 0.05% by mass with respect to the glaze raw material in terms of silver. Ceramic plates were produced. The antibacterial ceramic plate of Example 11 was subjected to antibacterial evaluation and appearance evaluation in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 1 The antibacterial properties of Comparative Example 1 were the same as Example 1 except that the mixing ratio of silver and phosphate glass powder A was 3 parts by mass of silver and 97 parts by mass of phosphate glass powder A. A composition was prepared. About the antibacterial composition of the comparative example 1, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the antibacterial glaze composition and antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 1. About the antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 1, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and performed antibacterial evaluation and external appearance evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 2 The antibacterial properties of Comparative Example 2 were the same as in Example 1 except that the mixing ratio of silver and phosphate glass powder A was 70 parts by mass of silver and 30 parts by mass of phosphate glass powder A. A composition was prepared. About the antibacterial composition of the comparative example 2, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the antibacterial glaze composition and antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 2. About the antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 2, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and performed antibacterial evaluation and external appearance evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 3 An antibacterial composition of Comparative Example 3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that phosphate glass powder D having components shown in Table 1 was used instead of phosphate glass powder A. About the antibacterial composition of the comparative example 3, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the antibacterial glaze composition and antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 3. About the antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 3, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and performed antibacterial evaluation and external appearance evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 4 An antibacterial composition of Comparative Example 4 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that phosphate glass powder E having components shown in Table 1 was used instead of phosphate glass powder A. About the antibacterial composition of the comparative example 4, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the antibacterial glaze composition and antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 4. About the antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 4, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and performed antibacterial evaluation and external appearance evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 5 An antibacterial composition of Comparative Example 4 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that phosphate glass powder F having components shown in Table 1 was used instead of phosphate glass powder A. About the antibacterial composition of the comparative example 5, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the antibacterial glaze composition and antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 5. About the antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 5, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and performed antibacterial evaluation and external appearance evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 6 The antibacterial properties of Comparative Example 6 were the same as in Example 1 except that the mixing ratio of silver and phosphate glass powder A was 5 parts by mass of silver and 95 parts by mass of phosphate glass powder A. A composition was prepared. About the antibacterial composition of the comparative example 6, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. In addition, the antibacterial glaze composition and the antibacterial of Comparative Example 6 were the same as in Example 1 except that the above antibacterial composition was added to 0.005% by mass with respect to the glaze raw material in terms of silver. Ceramic plates were produced. About the antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 6, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and performed antibacterial evaluation and external appearance evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 7 The antibacterial properties of Comparative Example 7 were the same as in Example 1 except that the mixing ratio of silver and phosphate glass powder A was 60 parts by mass of silver and 40 parts by mass of phosphate glass powder A. A composition was prepared. About the antibacterial composition of the comparative example 7, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. Further, the antibacterial glaze composition and the antibacterial ceramic of Comparative Example 7 were the same as Example 1 except that the above-mentioned antibacterial composition was added so as to be 6% by mass with respect to the glaze raw material in terms of silver. A plate was made. About the antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 7, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and performed antibacterial evaluation and external appearance evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 8 An antibacterial composition of Comparative Example 8 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that silver having a BET specific surface area of 0.1 m 2 / g was used as the silver-containing powder. About the antibacterial composition of the comparative example 8, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the antibacterial glaze composition and antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 8. About the antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 8, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and performed antibacterial evaluation and external appearance evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 9 In the preparation of the antibacterial composition, the antibacterial composition of Comparative Example 9 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixing time of the silver-containing powder and the phosphate glass powder A was 100 hours. . About the antibacterial composition of the comparative example 9, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the average particle diameter and confirmed the secondary aggregate. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced the antibacterial glaze composition and antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 9. About the antibacterial ceramic board of the comparative example 9, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and performed antibacterial evaluation and external appearance evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 5 since the amount of Na 2 O and K 2 O contained in the phosphate glass powder F is small, silver cannot be combined with the phosphate glass, and in the baking process of the antibacterial glaze composition, It was found that the antibacterial ceramic plate does not have antibacterial performance because the effect of suppressing silver loss due to evaporation and diffusion of components is insufficient. In Comparative Example 6, since the silver content relative to the glaze was 0.005% by mass, it was found that the antibacterial ceramic plate does not have antibacterial performance. In Comparative Example 7, the content of silver with respect to the glaze was 6% by mass, so that the antibacterial ceramic plate was colored and poor appearance was observed.
- Comparative Example 8 since the BET specific surface area of the silver-containing powder was 0.1 m 2 / g, it was found that the antibacterial ceramic plate does not have antibacterial performance. In Comparative Example 9, since the average particle diameter of the antibacterial composition was 65 ⁇ m, it was found that the antibacterial ceramic plate had a region exhibiting antibacterial performance and a region not exhibiting antibacterial performance, and was not practical.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年10月31日に、中国に出願された中国特許出願第201410601663.9号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
なお、この形態は、発明の趣旨をより良く理解させるために具体的に説明するものであり、特に指定のない限り、本発明を限定するものではない。
本実施形態の抗菌性組成物は、銀含有粉体と、リン酸塩ガラス粉体との混合物を含み、前記混合物における銀含有粉体の含有量が銀換算で5質量%以上かつ60質量%以下であり、前記混合物に含まれる銀(A)とリン酸塩ガラス(P)との質量比であるA/Pが0.05以上かつ1.5以下である組成物である。
銀含有粉体と、リン酸塩ガラス粉体との混合物における銀含有粉体の含有量が銀換算で5質量%未満では、抗菌性組成物を含む抗菌性釉薬組成物により形成した被膜(釉薬層)が良好な抗菌性を発現するためには、抗菌性組成物の抗菌性釉薬組成物への添加量が多くなり、強度や光沢、色目といった被膜本来の膜質に影響する可能性がある。一方、銀含有粉体と、リン酸塩ガラス粉体との混合物における銀含有粉体の含有量が銀換算で60質量%を超えると、抗菌性組成物におけるリン酸塩ガラス粉体の含有量が少なくなるため、後述する銀とリン酸塩ガラスとの質量比の関係より、陶磁器や琺瑯製品の表面に、抗菌性組成物を含む抗菌性釉薬組成物を塗布した後の焼成過程において、蒸発・拡散による銀の損失を抑制するために良好な効果が得られない。
銀含有粉体と、リン酸塩ガラス粉体との混合物に含まれる銀(A)とリン酸塩ガラス(P)との質量比であるA/Pが0.05未満では、抗菌性組成物に含まれる銀の絶対量が少ないので、抗菌性組成物を含む抗菌性釉薬組成物により形成した被膜が良好な抗菌性を発現するためには、抗菌性組成物の抗菌性釉薬組成物への添加量が多くなり、抗菌性釉薬組成物に含まれるリン酸塩ガラスの量が多くなる。なお、リン酸塩ガラスは、シリカ(SiO2)を主成分とする釉薬中で分相して、表面に浮き出てくる傾向があるため、抗菌性釉薬組成物に含まれるリン酸塩ガラスの量が多すぎると、釉薬層が白化するなど外観上の不具合が生じたり、釉薬層の表面の平滑性に悪影響を及ぼしたりするおそれがある。一方、銀含有粉体と、リン酸塩ガラス粉体との混合物に含まれる銀(A)とリン酸塩ガラス(P)との質量比であるA/Pが1.5を超えると、リン酸塩ガラスと結合できない銀イオン(Ag+)が増えるため、陶磁器や琺瑯製品の表面に、抗菌性組成物を含む抗菌性釉薬組成物を塗布した後の焼成過程において、蒸発・拡散による銀の損失を抑制する効果が不十分となる。
銀含有粉体は、銀、リン酸銀、酸化銀、炭酸銀、硝酸銀、塩化銀、硫化銀および酢酸銀の群から選択される少なくとも1種からなる粉体であることが好ましく、銀、リン酸銀および酸化銀の群から選択される少なくとも1種からなる粉体であることがより好ましい。
本実施形態の抗菌性組成物は、BET比表面積が0.2m2/g以上の銀含有粉体を含むことにより、銀含有粉体とリン酸塩ガラス粉体の2次凝集体が形成され易くなり、抗菌性組成物または抗菌性釉薬組成物を焼成する過程において、銀イオンがリン酸塩ガラスと相互作用(結合・分相)する確率が高くなる。その結果として、蒸発・拡散による銀の損失を抑制する効果と、リン酸塩ガラスの分相に起因する銀イオンの被膜表面への局在化の効果が高まり、抗菌性釉薬組成物からなる被膜が優れた抗菌性を発現できる。
また、2次凝集体の大きさは、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)等で直接、観察することも可能である。2次凝集体の最長幅は、100μm以下であることが好ましく、50μm以下であることがより好ましい。なお、2次凝集体の最長幅とは、2次凝集体(不定形)の端から端までの長さが最長となる方向の幅のことである。
抗菌性組成物において、2次凝集体の平均粒子径は(メジアン径)が50μmを超えたり、2次凝集体の最長幅が100μmを超えるような粗大な2次凝集体が多くなると、抗菌性釉薬組成物からなる塗膜を焼成して、抗菌性釉薬組成物からなる被膜を形成したとき、銀イオンを豊富に含むリン酸塩ガラスの分相のサイズが大きくなるとともに、抗菌性釉薬組成物における分相の数が減少するため、抗菌性釉薬組成物からなる被膜の表面における銀イオンの分布が不均一になり、その被膜において、安定した抗菌性が得られなくなるおそれがある。
リン酸塩ガラス粉体は、蛍光X線測定法による酸化物換算の成分として、五酸化二リン(P2O5)と、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)と、酸化ナトリウム(Na2O)および酸化カリウム(K2O)の少なくともいずれか一方と、を含有することが好ましい。
P2O5の含有量が25質量%未満では、リン酸塩ガラスと結合する銀イオンの量が少なくなり、銀の拡散、蒸発を抑制する効果が不十分となる。一方、P2O5の含有量が60質量%を超えると、抗菌性組成物を含む抗菌性釉薬組成物を用いて、陶磁器や琺瑯製品の表面に被膜を形成して抗菌性物品を作製した場合、抗菌性物品から被膜が分離し易くなるため、抗菌性物品の外観・平滑性に悪影響を及ぼすおそれがある。
リン酸塩ガラス粉体は、P2O5とAl2O3の結合により、三次元の網目構造を形成している。P2O5のみでは、直鎖状の縮合リン酸塩となるため水に可溶である。したがって、リン酸塩ガラス粉体において、Al2O3の含有量が10質量%未満では、直鎖状の縮合リン酸塩が増えるため、抗菌性組成物を含む抗菌性釉薬組成物を用いて、陶磁器や琺瑯製品の表面に被膜を形成して抗菌性物品を作製した場合、抗菌性物品は、耐水性が悪くなり、水のある環境での使用において、被膜から銀が溶出してしまい、恒久的な抗菌性が発現し難くなるおそれがある。一方、Al2O3の含有量が35質量%を超えると、焼成時におけるリン酸塩ガラスの融解性の低下やAl2O3の析出により、抗菌性の低下や釉薬層表面の平滑性に影響を及ぼす。
Na2OおよびK2Oの含有量が10質量%未満では、銀イオンがリン酸塩ガラス粉体に含まれるナトリウムイオン(Na+)やカリウムイオン(K+)と十分な量で置換されないため、リン酸塩ガラスと結合する銀イオンの量が少なくなり、銀の拡散、蒸発を抑制する効果が不十分となる。一方、Na2OおよびK2Oの含有量が35質量%を超えると、抗菌性釉薬組成物を調製した場合、アルカリ成分の溶出量が多くなり、抗菌性釉薬組成物の粘性に影響が出て、塗布性に悪影響を及ぼすおそれがある。
リン酸塩ガラス粉体の平均一次粒子径が20μmを超えると、銀含有粉体とリン酸塩ガラス粉体の2次凝集体が形成され難く、2次凝集体が形成されたとしても、脆く壊れやすい。したがって、抗菌性釉薬組成物を調製する際、釉薬中で、銀含有粉体とリン酸塩ガラス粉体が離れて存在してしまい、抗菌性組成物または抗菌性釉薬組成物を焼成する際に、銀イオンとリン酸塩ガラスが結合し難くなり、銀の拡散、蒸発を抑制する効果が不十分となる。
本実施形態の抗菌性組成物の製造方法はリン酸塩ガラス粉体と銀含有粉体を混合する方法であり、リン酸塩ガラス粉体の製造方法には、一般的に行われているガラス粉体(フリットガラス)の製造方法等を適用することができる。
混合時間が短いと、混合状態が不均一になるおそれがある。一方、混合時間が長いと、粗大な凝集体が発生して、釉薬層表面の銀イオンの分布が不均一になり、抗菌性が不安定になるおそれがある。
本実施形態の抗菌性釉薬組成物は、上述の本実施形態の抗菌性組成物と、釉薬と、を含有してなる抗菌性釉薬組成物であって、抗菌性組成物の含有量が、釉薬に対して銀換算で0.01質量%以上かつ3質量%以下であることが好ましく、0.05質量%以上かつ1.5質量%以下であることがより好ましい。
ここで、抗菌性組成物の含有量を釉薬に対して銀換算で0.01質量%以上かつ3質量%以下とした理由は、抗菌性組成物の含有量が銀換算で0.01質量%未満であると、抗菌性組成物に含まれる銀の量が少なすぎて抗菌性が低下してしまい、その結果、所望の抗菌性を発現することができず、抗菌性組成物としての抗菌性が低下するので好ましくないからである。一方、抗菌性組成物の含有量が銀換算で3質量%を超えると、所望の抗菌性を発現する以上に銀が含まれることとなり、銀の多くが無駄になるので好ましくないからである。
陶磁器製品や琺瑯製品に対する本実施形態の抗菌性釉薬組成物の塗布膜厚(塗膜の厚さ)は、10μm以上かつ1000μm未満であることが好ましい。抗菌性釉薬組成物の塗布膜厚が10μm未満では、陶磁器製品や琺瑯製品の表面に、抗菌性釉薬組成物からなる被膜を均一に形成することが難しく、抗菌性の発現にムラが生じるおそれがある。一方、抗菌性釉薬組成物の塗布膜厚が1000μm以上では、抗菌性釉薬組成物の使用量が多くなるため、コストが高くなり、経済的に好ましくない。
本実施形態の抗菌性物品は、本実施形態の抗菌性釉薬組成物により被膜(釉薬層)を形成した物品であり、これらの物品としては、洗面所、トイレ、台所、浴室等の細菌による汚れを防止すべき箇所や、病院、食品加工施設、公共施設等の細菌から人命を守る必要がある箇所に用いられる物品、例えば、衛生陶器、容器、食器、タイル、陶器等の陶磁器製品、容器、パネル、調理器具、電化製品、建材部材等の琺瑯製品が挙げられる。
以上の作用により、本実施形態の抗菌性組成物は、従来よりも少量の銀または銀化合物の配合量で、優れた抗菌性を発現することができる。
本実施形態の抗菌性組成物は、衛生陶器や琺瑯製品に適用されるので、耐水性は重要なポイントである。したがって、本実施形態の抗菌性組成物におけるリン酸塩ガラスは、構造中にアルミニウムを含む必要がある。
「抗菌性組成物の作製」
銀含有粉体として、BET比表面積が0.6m2/gの銀:35質量部と、表1に成分を示すリン酸塩ガラス粉体A:65質量部とを、容器回転型混合機に投入して3時間混合し、銀含有粉体とリン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの混合物からなる実施例1の抗菌性組成物を得た。
抗菌性組成物を水に懸濁し、レーザー回折・散乱式粒子径分布計(商品名:LA-920、堀場製作所社製)を用いて、抗菌性組成物の平均粒子径(メジアン径)を測定した。
評価結果を表2に示す。
走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により抗菌性組成物を観察し、2次凝集体の有無を確認した。
また、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により、2次凝集体の最長幅(μm)を測定した。
評価結果を表2に示す。また、抗菌性組成物の走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)像を図1に示す。抗菌性組成物の反射電子組成(COMPO)像を図2に示す。なお、走査型電子顕微鏡像は、測定対象物の形状を明確にする。また、反射電子組成像は、反射電子像を画像処理したものであり、測定対象物の成分によって画像の明るさが異なり、原子番号が大きい程、明るくなる。
図1において、粒子径が小さく、球状をなす粒子が銀含有粉体であり、粒子径が大きく、球状をなしていない粒子がリン酸塩ガラス粉体Aである。図2において、明るい(白っぽい)粒子が銀含有粉体であり、暗い(黒っぽい)粒子がリン酸塩ガラス粉体Aである。
釉薬原料として、下記の組成を有する釉薬原料を用いた。
SiO2:60質量%
Al2O3:13質量%
CO2:10質量%
CaO:11質量%
ZnO:1質量%
K2O:3質量%
Na2O:2質量%
この釉薬原料:60質量部と、水40質量部とを、ボールミルに投入して15時間粉砕した後、上記の抗菌性組成物を銀換算で釉薬原料に対して0.30質量%となるように添加し、さらに、1時間混合し、実施例1の抗菌性釉薬組成物を得た。
縦50mm×横50mm×厚み5mmの陶磁器板を用意し、上記の抗菌性釉薬組成物を、この陶磁器板上に1000g/m2の塗布量にてスプレー塗布し、乾燥後、1200℃の温度にて1時間焼成し、実施例1の抗菌性陶磁器板を得た。
上記の抗菌性陶磁器板を耐水性確認のため、50℃の水に16時間浸漬した。その後、抗菌性陶磁器板の抗菌性を、日本工業規格JIS Z 2801「抗菌加工製品-抗菌性試験方法・抗菌効果」にて評価し、以下の計算式から抗菌活性値を求めた。
抗菌活性値(R)=(Ut-U0)-(At-U0)=Ut-At
U0:無加工試験片の接種直後の生菌数の平均値(個)
Ut:無加工試験片の24時間後の生菌数の平均値(個)
At:抗菌加工試験片の24時間後の生菌数の平均値(個)
評価結果を表2に示す。
得られた抗菌性陶磁器板の外観を、抗菌性組成物を含まない釉薬を塗布した後、焼成した陶磁器板との目視検査により、変色、凹凸、異物析出、気泡等の有無を確認し、著しい外観不良が認められるものを不合格とした。
評価結果を表2に示す。
銀とリン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの混合比を、銀:25質量部、リン酸塩ガラス粉体A:75質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
実施例2の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
実施例2の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
銀とリン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの混合比を、銀:15質量部、リン酸塩ガラス粉体A:85質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例3の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
実施例3の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にして、実施例3の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
実施例3の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
銀とリン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの混合比を、銀:45質量部、リン酸塩ガラス粉体A:55質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例4の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
実施例4の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にして、実施例4の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
実施例4の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
銀含有粉体として、BET比表面積が0.3m2/gの銀を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例5の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
実施例5の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にして、実施例5の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
実施例5の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
銀含有粉体として、BET比表面積が2.0m2/gのリン酸銀を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例6の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
実施例6の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にして、実施例6の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
実施例6の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
銀含有粉体として、BET比表面積が1.5m2/gの酸化銀を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例7の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
実施例7の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にして、実施例7の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
実施例7の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
リン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの代わりに、表1に成分を示すリン酸塩ガラス粉体Bを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例8の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
実施例8の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にして、実施例8の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
実施例8の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
リン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの代わりに、表1に成分を示すリン酸塩ガラス粉体Cを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例9の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
実施例9の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にして、実施例9の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
実施例9の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
銀とリン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの混合比を、銀:60質量部、リン酸塩ガラス粉体A:40質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例10の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
実施例10の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
また、上記の抗菌性組成物を銀換算で釉薬原料に対して2.5質量%となるように添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例10の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
実施例10の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
銀とリン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの混合比を、銀:5質量部、リン酸塩ガラス粉体A:95質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例11の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
実施例11の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
また、上記の抗菌性組成物を銀換算で釉薬原料に対して0.05質量%となるように添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例11の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
実施例11の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
銀とリン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの混合比を、銀:3質量部、リン酸塩ガラス粉体A:97質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例1の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
比較例1の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にして、比較例1の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
比較例1の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
銀とリン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの混合比を、銀:70質量部、リン酸塩ガラス粉体A:30質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例2の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
比較例2の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にして、比較例2の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
比較例2の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
リン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの代わりに、表1に成分を示すリン酸塩ガラス粉体Dを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例3の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
比較例3の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にして、比較例3の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
比較例3の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
リン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの代わりに、表1に成分を示すリン酸塩ガラス粉体Eを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例4の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
比較例4の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にして、比較例4の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
比較例4の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
リン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの代わりに、表1に成分を示すリン酸塩ガラス粉体Fを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例4の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
比較例5の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にして、比較例5の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
比較例5の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
銀とリン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの混合比を、銀:5質量部、リン酸塩ガラス粉体A:95質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例6の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
比較例6の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
また、上記の抗菌性組成物を銀換算で釉薬原料に対して0.005質量%となるように添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例6の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
比較例6の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
銀とリン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの混合比を、銀:60質量部、リン酸塩ガラス粉体A:40質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例7の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
比較例7の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
また、上記の抗菌性組成物を銀換算で釉薬原料に対して6質量%となるように添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例7の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
比較例7の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
銀含有粉体として、BET比表面積が0.1m2/gの銀を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例8の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
比較例8の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にして、比較例8の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
比較例8の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
抗菌性組成物の作製において、銀含有粉体とリン酸塩ガラス粉体Aの混合時間を100時間とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例9の抗菌性組成物を作製した。
比較例9の抗菌性組成物について、実施例1と同様にして、平均粒子径の測定と2次凝集体の確認を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
また、実施例1と同様にして、比較例9の抗菌性釉薬組成物および抗菌性陶磁器板を作製した。
比較例9の抗菌性陶磁器板について、実施例1と同様にして、抗菌性評価と外観評価を行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
一方、比較例1では、抗菌性組成物中の銀含有量が3質量%、銀とリン酸塩ガラスの質量比(A/P)が0.031であるので、抗菌性陶磁器板が白化し、外観不良が認められた。また、比較例1の抗菌性陶磁器板は、抗菌性能を有さないことが分かった。
比較例2では、抗菌性組成物中の銀含有量が70質量%、銀とリン酸塩ガラスの質量比(A/P)が2.33であるので、抗菌性陶磁器板は、抗菌性能を有さないことが分かった。
比較例3では、リン酸塩ガラス粉体Dに含まれるP2O5の量が少ないので、抗菌性釉薬組成物の焼成過程において、銀成分の蒸発や拡散による銀の損失を抑制する効果が不十分であるので、抗菌性陶磁器板は、抗菌性能を有さないことが分かった。
比較例4では、リン酸塩ガラス粉体Eに含まれるAl2O3の量が少ないので、耐水性が低く、50℃の水に16時間浸漬した際に、P2O5とともに銀が溶出してしまったので、抗菌性陶磁器板は、抗菌性能を有さないことが分かった。
比較例5では、リン酸塩ガラス粉体Fに含まれるNa2OとK2Oの量が少ないので、銀がリン酸塩ガラスと結合できず、抗菌性釉薬組成物の焼成過程において、銀成分の蒸発や拡散による銀の損失を抑制する効果が不十分であるので、抗菌性陶磁器板は、抗菌性能を有さないことが分かった。
比較例6では、釉薬に対する銀の含有量が0.005質量%であるので、抗菌性陶磁器板は、抗菌性能を有さないことが分かった。
比較例7では、釉薬に対する銀の含有量が6質量%であるので、抗菌性陶磁器板が着色し、外観不良が認められた。
比較例8では、銀含有粉体のBET比表面積が0.1m2/gであるので、抗菌性陶磁器板は、抗菌性能を有さないことが分かった。
比較例9では、抗菌性組成物の平均粒子径が65μmであるので、抗菌性陶磁器板は、抗菌性能を示す領域と、抗菌性能を示さない領域とが混在し、実用できないことが分かった。
Claims (9)
- 銀含有粉体と、リン酸塩ガラス粉体との混合物を含み、
前記混合物における前記銀含有粉体の含有量は銀換算で5質量%以上かつ60質量%以下であり、
前記混合物に含まれる銀(A)とリン酸塩ガラス(P)との質量比であるA/Pは0.05以上かつ1.5以下であることを特徴とする抗菌性組成物。 - 前記リン酸塩ガラス粉体は、
P2O5と、Al2O3と、Na2OおよびK2Oの少なくともいずれか一方とを含有し、
蛍光X線測定法による酸化物換算の成分として、
前記リン酸塩ガラス粉体における前記P2O5の含有量は25質量%以上かつ60質量%以下であり、
前記リン酸塩ガラス粉体における前記Al2O3の含有量は10質量%以上かつ35質量%以下であり、
前記リン酸塩ガラス粉体における前記Na2OおよびK2Oの合計含有量は10質量%以上かつ35質量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の抗菌性組成物。 - 前記銀含有粉体と前記リン酸塩ガラス粉体によって形成される2次凝集体を含み、かつレーザー回折・散乱測定法による測定した平均粒子径は50μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の抗菌性組成物。
- 前記銀含有粉体のBET比表面積は、0.2m2/g以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の抗菌性組成物。
- 前記銀含有粉体は、銀、リン酸銀および酸化銀の群から選択される少なくとも1種からなる粉体であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の抗菌性組成物。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の抗菌性組成物と、釉薬と、を含有し、
前記抗菌性組成物の含有量は、前記釉薬に対して銀換算で0.01質量%以上かつ3質量%以下であることを特徴とする抗菌性釉薬組成物。 - 請求項6に記載の抗菌性釉薬組成物の焼成物からなる被膜を含むことを特徴とする抗菌性物品。
- 釉薬原料と水をボールミルに投入して粉砕する工程と、
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の抗菌性組成物を、前記釉薬原料に対して銀換算で0.01質量%以上かつ3質量%以下となるように添加する工程と、
前記釉薬原料と前記抗菌性組成物とを混合する工程と
を備える抗菌性釉薬組成物の製造方法。 - 請求項8記載の製造法による抗菌性釉薬組成物を得る工程と、
前記抗菌性釉薬組成物を部品の表面に塗付する工程と、
前記抗菌性釉薬組成物を塗付した前記部品を乾燥する工程と、
前記乾燥した前記部品を焼成する工程と
を備える抗菌性物品の製造方法。
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