WO2016058294A1 - 一种多功能机床 - Google Patents

一种多功能机床 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016058294A1
WO2016058294A1 PCT/CN2015/071687 CN2015071687W WO2016058294A1 WO 2016058294 A1 WO2016058294 A1 WO 2016058294A1 CN 2015071687 W CN2015071687 W CN 2015071687W WO 2016058294 A1 WO2016058294 A1 WO 2016058294A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spindle
vertical
workpiece
horizontal
machine tool
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/071687
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩小鹏
Original Assignee
山东新安凯科控科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201420591717.3U external-priority patent/CN204524966U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201420591541.1U external-priority patent/CN204295301U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201420591860.2U external-priority patent/CN204295287U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410539655.6A external-priority patent/CN104400564B/zh
Application filed by 山东新安凯科控科技有限公司 filed Critical 山东新安凯科控科技有限公司
Publication of WO2016058294A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016058294A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q37/00—Metal-working machines, or constructional combinations thereof, built-up from units designed so that at least some of the units can form parts of different machines or combinations; Units therefor in so far as the feature of interchangeability is important

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multifunctional machine tool suitable for use in a machining process.
  • the present invention provides a highly efficient and highly accurate multi-function machine tool.
  • a multi-functional machine tool comprising a body, wherein: a plurality of inner and outer transparent tunnels are arranged on both sides of the body along the length direction, and the outer side of the tunnel is provided with a spindle bracket, and the spindle bracket and the body There is a spindle tool reference surface inside, and a spindle tool module that can enter and exit the body is arranged on the spindle tool reference surface, so that multiple spindle tool modules can be installed on the frame, and multiple tool modules can be used to process different workpieces.
  • the part is used to reduce the number of clamping and improve the machining accuracy.
  • the subsequent spindle tool module can complete the tool change, reducing the tool waiting time and improving the machining efficiency.
  • the upper part of the machine body is driven to drive the workpiece along the edge.
  • the X, Y, Z axis moving workpiece moving device, the lower part of the workpiece moving device is connected to the workpiece jig by a double rotation clamping mechanism, and the double rotation clamping mechanism drives the workpiece to rotate along the horizontal axis and the vertical axis, in the working area of the body and Two rows of material feeders are arranged between the operation areas for conveying the workpiece to be processed and the processed parts.
  • the spindle cutter module is a horizontal spindle cutter module or a vertical spindle cutter module, the spindle cutter module is detachable, and the horizontal spindle module or the vertical spindle can be installed according to the process requirements of the workpiece.
  • the tool module can be disassembled and replaced according to the processing requirements of different workpieces.
  • the vertical spindle cutter module is composed of a vertical spindle box and a spindle box seat disposed at a lower end, and a hydraulic cylinder is connected between the spindle box seat and the vertical headstock box, and a vertical setting is arranged at a lower portion of the vertical spindle box.
  • the cutter cylinder and the spindle motor are provided with a vertical tool magazine, a tool magazine motor and a speed reducer.
  • the rear end of the vertical tool magazine is provided with a handle, and the inlet and outlet body of the vertical spindle box is pulled back and forth by the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the horizontal spindle cutter module is composed of a horizontal spindle box and a spindle box seat disposed at a lower end.
  • the front end of the horizontal spindle box is provided with an extended spindle and a cutter, and a hydraulic cylinder is connected between the spindle box seat and the spindle box.
  • the rear side of the horizontal headstock is provided with a horizontally arranged knife cylinder and a main motor.
  • the spindle box base is provided with a horizontal tool magazine, a magazine motor and a speed reducer, and the rear end of the horizontal magazine is provided with a handle, horizontal
  • the inlet and outlet of the headstock are realized by pulling the hydraulic cylinder back and forth.
  • the spindle cutter module is composed of a common spindle box and a spindle box seat, that is, a line rail is passed between the spindle box and the spindle box seat.
  • the slider is connected, and the spindle housing is provided with a line rail.
  • the rear side of the spindle box is connected to the rear end of the spindle housing through a hydraulic cylinder, and the lower side of the spindle housing is mounted on the rail of the spindle housing through a slider.
  • On the side of the spindle housing there is a tool magazine and a tool changer thereof.
  • the improvement is that the bottom surface of the spindle housing is matched with the reference surface of the spindle tool.
  • the rear side of the tool change power device is further provided with a handle for pulling the tool magazine to the rear side to replace the tool in the tool magazine.
  • the side of the cable box is connected to the horizontal spindle box through the line rail and the slider, and the track box is provided with a line rail.
  • the headstock is provided with a slider placed on the line rail; the lower end of the cable box is connected to the horizontal spindle box seat through a line rail slider, the spindle box seat is provided with a line rail, and the lower end of the cable box is placed on the line rail The slider on it.
  • the tunnel is an inverted "convex"-shaped step structure, that is, the upper opening width of the tunnel is large, the lower opening width is small, and a step is formed at the central joint surface, and the spindle cutter module is arranged.
  • the lower part of the spindle cutter module is further provided with a long-shaped spindle chip tray for guiding, and the spindle chip tray is disposed at a lower portion of the inverted "convex"-shaped step structure in the tunnel.
  • the inside of the body is provided with a chip evacuation passage, which is a V-shaped structure formed by two symmetrically disposed fixing plates which are inclined downward, and the chip discharge passage penetrates the entire bottom of the frame in the longitudinal direction of the lower part of the body.
  • a chip discharge port is arranged at one end of the fixing plate, and a chip discharging machine can be arranged at the chip discharging port of the body, and all the iron filings in the chip discharging passage are uniformly exported by the chip discharging machine, so that the iron filings can be directly exported without stopping the machine. Cleaning the iron filings is conducive to improving production efficiency. It is convenient for collecting and cleaning iron pins and is discharged from the discharge port.
  • the surface of the spindle tool reference surface and the spindle tool module are glued and leveled, that is, the lower surface of the spindle tool reference surface and the base of the spindle cutter module.
  • the assembly accuracy is adjusted by applying the assembly glue during assembly.
  • Each of the material hoppers is composed of a base, a sliding plate and a rodless cylinder, and the rodless cylinder drives the sliding plate to transport the workpiece.
  • the base is connected to the body, and the upper surface of the base is provided with a line
  • the lower surface of the rail and the sliding plate is provided with a slider matched with the line rail, and the middle of the base is provided with the line rail Parallel groove
  • the rod is provided with a rodless cylinder
  • the slider on the rodless cylinder is connected with the lower part of the sliding plate
  • buffer shock absorbers are further provided at both ends of the base
  • the sliding plate is further provided for positioning and locking Tightening the workpiece (or tooling) positioning pin and pneumatic locking mechanism
  • the slide plate driven by the rodless cylinder reciprocates on the material base to realize the conveying of the workpiece and the processed part
  • the buffer shock absorber makes the skateboard run When in place, no large vibrations are generated to maintain the positioning accuracy of the workpiece (or tooling) on the slide.
  • X, Y and Z axes are driven by double linear motors, X, Y and Z.
  • the axes are perpendicular to each other, and the two linear motors of the X-axis are respectively disposed between the upper rail base surface and the beam frame on both sides of the body, and the two linear motors of the Y-axis and the two linear motors of the Z-axis are disposed in the beam frame.
  • the Y-axis ram moves in a horizontal direction relative to the beam frame
  • the Z-axis ram moves in a vertical direction relative to the beam frame.
  • the double-rotation clamping mechanism comprises a casing and a clamp, the casing has an upper surface and two sides, the upper surface of the casing is provided with a vertical shaft hole I, and a shaft is arranged on the shaft hole I,
  • the upper surface of the bracket is further provided with a power device for rotating the rotary seat.
  • the upper part of the rotating shaft is connected with the driving device, and the lower part of the rotating shaft is connected with the vertical positioning locking device.
  • the lower end of the rotating shaft is connected with a rotating seat, and the rotating seat is provided with a horizontal direction.
  • the shaft hole II is provided with a rotating body in the shaft hole II. One end of the rotating body is connected to the power device, and the other end of the rotating body is connected with a lateral positioning locking device, and a lower portion of the rotating body is connected with a fixture for fixing the workpiece.
  • the rotating shaft I is a hollow structure, and the hydraulic lines of the power device and the driving device are all pierced by the upper opening of the hollow structure, are respectively tightened by the cable clamp, and are wound on the drum, and the roller passes through the triangular bracket and the slider Placed on the rail In the upper part, the drum is brought close to or away from the rotating shaft when the rotating shaft rotates, so that the cable wound on the drum is always kept in a tight state, and the cable winding is avoided, and the power device in the shaft hole II is a servo motor.
  • the outer side of the servo motor is provided with an inner and outer cylinder liner that keeps the hydraulic pipeline stationary, so as to avoid the winding of the pipeline during the rotation process, the structure is similar to the function of the brush; the lateral positioning locking device and the vertical positioning locking device are hydraulic pistons.
  • a three-piece faceted toothed disc structure is driven, and one end of the shaft hole II is provided with a signal circular scale which provides feedback to the servo motor.
  • the workpiece moving device comprises a Z-axis driving device, a Y-axis driving device and an X-axis driving device.
  • the power source of the driving device is a linear motor
  • the X-axis driving device is arranged on both sides of the body
  • the Y-axis driving device passes through two beams. Set, pass between the two beams
  • the Z-direction drive is provided for the Z-direction ram.
  • the beneficial effects of the multifunctional machine tool of the invention Due to the increased tool change space and the use of multiple tunnels to set multiple spindles, X, Y, Z axis dual linear motor drive, can achieve no tool change time, no spindle lifting time, no workpiece repeated clamping, short auxiliary time, Multi-face machining in one setup Improve processing efficiency and machining accuracy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram of a vertical spindle cutter of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram of a horizontal spindle cutter of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the horizontal spindle housing of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the installation structure of the body and the spindle cutter module of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a front elevational view of Figure 5;
  • Figure 8 is a right side view of Figure 5;
  • Figure 9 is a longitudinal rotation structure of the double-turn clamping mechanism
  • Figure 10 is a lateral rotation structure of the double-rotation clamping mechanism
  • Figure 11 is a front view of the material conveyor
  • Figure 12 is a plan view of Figure 11;
  • the drawings are a specific embodiment of the invention.
  • the embodiment includes a body 7 , wherein a plurality of inner and outer transparent tunnels 6 are disposed on both sides of the body 7 in the width direction, and the outer side of the tunnel 6 is provided with a spindle bracket 9 on the spindle bracket 9 .
  • the main body of the machine body 7 is provided with a spindle tool reference surface 7-1.
  • the spindle tool reference surface 7-1 is provided with a spindle cutter module 11 that can enter and exit the body, and the upper portion of the body 7 is provided with the workpiece along the X, Y.
  • the Z-axis moving workpiece moving device the lower part of the workpiece moving device is connected to the workpiece jig by a double-rotation clamping mechanism, and the double-rotating clamping mechanism drives the workpiece to rotate along the horizontal axis and the vertical axis, in the working area and the operating area of the body
  • material feeders 8 for conveying the workpiece to be processed and the workpiece.
  • the spindle cutter module 11 is a horizontal spindle cutter module or a vertical spindle cutter module, the spindle cutter module 11 is detachable, and the spindle cutter module includes a spindle box and a spindle housing.
  • the rail slider 11-1 is connected, and the spindle housing is mounted on the spindle bracket 9, and the spindle housing is provided with a line rail
  • the rear side of the spindle head is connected to the rear end of the spindle housing through the hydraulic cylinder 11-12, and the lower side of the spindle housing is mounted on the rail of the spindle housing through the slider
  • the side of the headstock housing is provided with a tool magazine and a tool changer thereof through a wire box.
  • the lower end of the spindle bracket is provided with adjustable feet 11-9, and the rear side of the tool changer is further provided with a handle 11-14, it is convenient to move the tool magazine to the back end and replace the tool in the tool magazine.
  • the headstock of the vertical spindle cutter module 11 is a vertical headstock, and the vertical spindle head has a vertical spindle unit 11-5.
  • the vertical spindle unit includes a vertically extending spindle and a cutter, and the lower part of the vertical spindle box A cutter cylinder 11-6 and a spindle motor 11-7 are provided, the magazine is a vertical magazine 11-2, and the tool change power device is a vertical cylinder 11-11 and a setting provided on one side of the cable box The magazine motor 11-4 and the speed reducer 11-3 on the cable box.
  • the headstock of the horizontal spindle cutter module is the horizontal spindle head box 11-16, the lower part of the horizontal headstock box 11-16 is provided with a rectangular parallelepiped headstock seat, and the front end of the horizontal headstock box is provided with a horizontal spindle unit 11-15.
  • the lower side of the horizontal headstock 11-16 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 11-12, and the horizontal headstock housing 11-24 is provided with a line.
  • Rails, horizontal headstocks are placed on the rails
  • the upper slider, the tool magazine is a horizontal tool magazine 11-23
  • the tool change power device is a vertical cylinder 11-11 disposed on one side of the cable box, a horizontal cylinder 11-17, and a cable box.
  • the inlet and outlet bodies of the horizontal spindle box are pulled back and forth by the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the tunnel is an inverted 'convex'-shaped step structure
  • the spindle cutter module is disposed on the step 7-2 of the tunnel
  • the lower portion of the spindle cutter module is further provided with a long-shaped spindle scraping for guiding
  • the spindle chip tray is disposed at a lower portion of the inverted 'convex'-shaped step structure in the tunnel, and the inside of the body is provided with a chip evacuation passage 7-3, and the chip discharge passage 7-3 is downwardly inclined.
  • the chip discharging passages penetrate the entire bottom of the frame in the longitudinal direction of the lower part of the body, and a chip discharging port is arranged at one end of the fixing plate, which can be set at the chip discharging opening of the body
  • the chip conveyor, the chip conveyor will unify all the iron filings in the chip evacuation channel, which is convenient for the iron chips to be directly exported, and the iron filings can be cleaned without stopping, which is beneficial to improve production efficiency.
  • the end of the spindle cutter disc is directed to the chip discharge passage, and the upper surface of the spindle cutter disc is inclined, and the lowest end of the slope is located at the chip discharge passage, so as to reduce the production cost during installation,
  • the lower machining accuracy results in higher assembly accuracy, lowers machining requirements, and improves assembly efficiency.
  • the surface of the spindle tool reference surface 7-1 that is in contact with the spindle tool module 11 is leveled.
  • the workpiece moving device includes a Z-axis driving device 2, a Y-axis driving device 4, and an X-axis driving device 5.
  • the power sources of the Z-axis driving device 2, the Y-axis driving device 4, and the X-axis driving device 5 are all linear motors, X
  • the shaft drive device is arranged on the two sides of the body, and the Y-axis drive device is arranged by two beams 1, and the two beams pass between
  • the Z-direction drive device 2 is provided for the Z-direction ram 3.
  • the double-rotation clamping mechanism used in the present invention comprises a housing 18 having a top surface and two sides, and a housing 18 having a vertical shaft hole I and being provided on the shaft hole I.
  • the rotating shaft 19 is further provided with a power device for driving the rotating seat on the upper surface of the casing 18.
  • the upper portion of the rotating shaft 19 is connected to the driving device, and the lower portion of the rotating shaft 19 is connected with the vertical positioning locking device.
  • the lower end of the rotating shaft 19 is connected with the rotating shaft.
  • the seat 20 and the slewing seat 20 are provided with a transverse shaft hole II.
  • the shaft hole II is provided with a rotating body 21, one end of the rotating body 21 is connected to the power device, and the other end of the rotating body 21 is connected with the lateral positioning locking device.
  • the lower part of the rotating body 21 is connected with a clamp for fixing the workpiece, and the power device in the shaft hole II is a servo motor, and the outer side of the servo motor is provided with inner and outer cylinder sleeves 22 and 23 for keeping the hydraulic pipeline stationary, thereby avoiding rotation.
  • the process is entangled in the process and acts like a brush.
  • the rotating shaft 19 is a hollow structure, and the hydraulic lines of the power device and the driving device are all pierced by the upper opening of the hollow structure, respectively tightened by the cable clamp 24, and wound on the drum 25, and the drum 25 passes through the triangular bracket
  • the power device in the shaft hole II is a servo motor, and the outer side of the servo motor is provided with inner and outer cylinder sleeves 22, 23 for keeping the hydraulic pipeline stationary, and at one end of the shaft hole II.
  • the circular grating 26, the lateral positioning locking device and the vertical positioning locking device are hydraulic piston driving three-piece end facering plate structure, that is, the lateral locking device comprises a piston cylinder and an end surface disposed outside the rotating seat 21.
  • the vertical locking member includes a drive piston disposed within the housing 18, the face gear plate a 15.
  • the end faceted toothed disc b16 and the end faceted toothed disc c14, the piston drive end faceted toothed disc a15, the end faceted toothed disc b16 and the end faceted toothed disc c17 are engaged to realize the locking, and the cables are passed out from the upper end of the rotating shaft 19 through the cable clamp 24 Clamped and wound on the cable drum 25, and the cable drum 25 is placed on the line through the triangular bracket and the slider On the rail, the drum 25 is brought close to or away from the rotating shaft when the rotating shaft is rotated, so that the cable wound around the drum 5 is always kept in tension, thereby avoiding cable winding (as shown in Fig. 9).
  • Each of the materials is composed of a base 27, a sliding plate 29 and a rodless cylinder 30, and the base is connected to the body.
  • Upper, the upper surface of the base 27 is provided with a line Rail 28, the lower surface of the slide plate is provided with a slider matched with the wire rail 28, and the middle of the base 17 is provided with a line rail.
  • the rods are provided with rodless cylinders 30, and the sliders on the rodless cylinders are connected to the lower portion of the slide plate 29, and buffer shock absorbers 31 are further provided at both ends of the base 27, and the slide plates 29 are further provided There are locating pins and pneumatic locking mechanisms for positioning and locking the workpiece (or tooling).
  • a spindle tool module 11 can be placed in each channel, and 8 different spindle tool modules 11 can be placed, each of which is on the spindle tool module.
  • Multiple tools can be installed according to the workpiece processing requirements, and multi-face machining can be completed in one setup, which not only saves time but also improves precision.
  • the double-rotation clamping mechanism disposed at the lower end of the ram holds the workpiece, moves the workpiece to the spindle position, performs the processing content of the process, and at the same time, performs the spindle required for the next process.
  • the tool has been replaced in place.
  • the linear motor drives the ram to the next spindle position at the high speed to perform the next process, and so on.
  • the multi-face machining is completed in one clamping, without repeated clamping, which not only saves time but also improves Accuracy, meeting the process requirements of high productivity and high precision workpieces, suitable for low cost, high efficiency, high precision and other requirements in small, medium and large batch production.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)

Abstract

一种多功能机床，包括机体（7），机体的两侧沿宽度方向设置多个内外通透的坑道（6），坑道上设有可进出机体的主轴刀具模块（11），机体的上部设有带动工件沿X、Y、Z轴移动的工件移动装置，工件移动装置的下部通过双回转夹持机构连接工件夹具，双回转夹持机构带动工件沿水平轴和竖直轴转动，机体工作区域与操作区域之间设有两排物料器（8）。

Description

一种多功能机床 一种多功能机床
技术领域
本发明涉及 一种多功能机床，适用在机加工过程中。
背景技术
现有的多功能机床换刀时，都是在机体内部完成的，换刀时工件停止加工，等待主轴升降及换刀影响工件加工效率，另外机体内部空间狭小，刀库容量小，无法对工件进行太多工序的加工，造成机床加工效率低，适用范围窄。对于工序复杂的工件需要多次定位加工，很大程度上影响了加工精度。
发明内容
为了弥补现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种高效高精度的多功能机床 。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种多功能机床，包括机体，其特征是：所述机体的两侧沿长度方向设置多个内外通透的坑道，所述坑道的外侧均设有主轴支架，所述主轴支架上和机体的内部均设有主轴刀具基准面，在所述主轴刀具基准面上设有可进出机体的主轴刀具模块，这样就可以在机架上安装多个主轴刀具模块，多个刀具模块可用来加工工件不同的部位，来减少装夹次数，提高加工精度，另外，前一工序加工时，后面的主轴刀具模块即可完成换刀，减少换刀等待时间，提高加工效率，机体的上部设有带动工件沿X、Y、Z轴移动的工件移动装置，所述工件移动装置的下部通过双回转夹持机构连接工件夹具，双回转夹持机构带动工件沿水平轴和竖直轴转动，在机体工作区域与操作区域之间设有两排物料器，用于输送待加工件和已加工件。
为便于加工不同的面，所述主轴刀具模块为卧式主轴刀具模块或立式主轴刀具模块，所述主轴刀具模块为可拆卸的，可根据工件的工艺需要安装卧式主轴模块或立式主轴刀具模块，并能根据不同的工件的加工工艺需求进行拆装更换。
所述立式主轴刀具模块由立式主轴箱和设置在下端的主轴箱座组成，主轴箱座和立式主轴箱之间连接有液压缸，立式主轴箱的下部设有竖向设置的打刀缸和主轴电机，主轴箱座上设有立式刀库、刀库电机和减速器，立式刀库的后端设有把手，立式主轴箱的进出机体由液压缸来回拉动实现。
所述卧式主轴刀具模块由卧式主轴箱和设置在下端的主轴箱座组成，卧式主轴箱的前端设有伸出的主轴和刀具，主轴箱座和主轴箱之间连接有液压缸，卧式主轴箱的后侧设有横向设置的打刀缸和主电机，主轴箱座上设有卧式刀库、刀库电机和减速器，卧式刀库的后端设有把手，卧式主轴箱的进出机体由液压缸来回拉动实现。
所述主轴刀具模块由普通的主轴箱和主轴箱座组成，即所述主轴箱和主轴箱座之间通过线 轨 滑块连接，所述主轴箱座上设有线 轨 ，主轴箱的后侧通过液压缸与主轴箱座的后端连接，主轴箱的下侧通过滑块安装在主轴箱座的线 轨 上，主轴箱座的侧面设有刀库及其换刀动力装置，改进在于主轴箱座的底面与主轴刀具基准面配合安装。
为便于手动更新刀库内的刀具，所述换刀动力装置的后侧还设有把手，便于将刀库拉动到后侧对刀库内的刀具进行更换。
为便于刀库内刀具更新，走线盒侧面通过线 轨 与滑块连接在卧式主轴箱座上，主轴箱座上设有线 轨 ，主轴箱上设有安放在线 轨 上的滑块；走线盒的下端通过线 轨 滑块连接在卧式主轴箱座上，主轴箱座上设有线 轨 ，走线盒的下端设有安放在线 轨 上的滑块。
为便于清理铁屑，提高生产效率，所述坑道为倒“凸”字型台阶结构，即坑道的上部开口宽度大，下部开口宽度小，在中部结合面处形成台阶，所述主轴刀具模块设置在该坑道的台阶上，所述主轴刀具模块的下部还设有起导向作用的长条状的主轴接屑盘，主轴接屑盘设置在坑道内倒“凸”字型台阶结构的下部，所述机体的内部设有排屑通道，所述排屑通道为由向下倾斜的两块对称设置的固定板形成的V字型结构，该排屑通道在机体下部长度方向上贯通整个机架底部，并在固定板的一端设置排屑口，可在机体的排屑口处设置排屑机，由排屑机将排屑通道内的所有铁屑统一导出，便于将铁屑直接导出，无需停机清理铁屑，有利于提高生产效率为便于收集及清理铁销，由排屑口排出。
为降低生产成本，以较低的加工精度得到较高的装配精度，所述主轴刀具基准面与主轴刀具模块接触配合的表面涂胶找平，即主轴刀具基准面与主轴刀具模块的底座的下表面装配时通过涂抹装配胶调校装配精度。
所述每排物料器均由底座、滑板和无杆气缸组成，无杆气缸带动滑板运送工件。底座连接在机体上，底座的上表面设有线 轨 ，滑板的下表面设有与线 轨 配合的滑块，底座的中间设有与线 轨 平行的槽，槽内设有无杆气缸，无杆气缸上的滑块与滑板的下部中间连接，在底座的两端还设有缓冲减震器，所述滑板上还设有用于定位和锁紧工件（或工装）的定位销及气动锁紧机构，由无杆气缸驱动的滑板在物料器底座上做往复运动，实现待加工件及已加工件的输送；缓冲减震器使得滑板在运行到位时不至于产生大的震动，以保持滑板上的工件（或工装）的定位精度。
为得到准确的定位精度及良好的动态响应性能，X、Y、Z轴均为双直线电机驱动， X、Y、Z 轴相互垂直，X轴的两个直线电机分别设置在机体两侧的上导轨基面与横梁框架之间，Y轴的两个直线电机和Z轴的两个直线电机均设置在横梁框架内，其中Y轴滑枕相对于横梁框架的水平方向运动，Z轴滑枕为相对于横梁框架的竖直方向运动。
所述双回转夹持机构包括壳体和夹具，所述壳体有一个上表面和两个侧面，壳体的上表面设有竖向的轴孔I，并在轴孔I上设有转轴，所述支架的上表面上还设有带动回转座转动的动力装置，所述转轴上部连接驱动装置，转轴下部连接竖向定位锁紧装置，转轴的下端连接有回转座，回转座上设有横向的轴孔II，所述轴孔II内设有回转体，所述回转体的一端连接动力装置，回转体的另一端连接横向定位锁紧装置，所述回转体的下部连接固定工件的夹具。
所述转轴I为空心结构，所述动力装置和驱动装置的液压管路均由空心结构的上口穿出，分别通过电缆夹加紧，并缠绕在滚筒上，所述滚筒通过三角支架及滑块安放在线 轨 上，使得滚筒实现了在转轴转动时，靠近或远离转轴，进而使得缠绕在滚筒上的电缆始终保持拉紧状态，避免了电缆缠绕，所述轴孔II内的动力装置为伺服电机，所述伺服电机的外侧设有保持液压管路静止的内外缸套，避免回转过程中管路缠绕，该结构类似电刷的作用；所述横向定位锁紧装置和竖向定位锁紧装置均为液压活塞驱动三片式端面齿盘结构，所述轴孔II的一端设有提供给伺服电机提供反馈的信号圆光栅尺。
所述工件移动装置包括Z轴驱动装置、Y轴驱动装置和X轴驱动装置，驱动装置的动力源均为直线电机，X轴驱动装置设置在两侧机体上，Y轴驱动装置通过两根横梁设置，两横梁之间通过 Z向滑枕设置 Z轴驱动装置。
本发明 多功能机床的 有益效果： 由于增大了换刀空间，且采用多坑道设置多主轴，X、Y、Z轴双直线电机驱动，可实现无换刀时间，无主轴升降时间，无工件的重复夹紧，辅助时间短，一次装夹完成多面的加工， 提高了加工效率和加工精度。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明：
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的立式主轴刀具模块图；
图3为本发明的卧式主轴刀具模块图；
图4为图3中卧式主轴箱座的剖视图；
图5为本发明机体和主轴刀具模块安装结构示意图；
图6为图5的俯视图；
图7为图5的主视图；
图8为图5的右视图；
图9为双回转夹持机构的纵向转动结构；
图10为双回转夹持机构的横向转动结构；
图11为物料输送器的主视图；
图12为图11的俯视图；
图中，1、横梁，2、Z轴驱动装置，3、Z向滑枕，4、Y轴驱动装置，5、X轴驱动装置，6、坑道，7、机体，7-1、主轴刀具基准面，7-2、台阶，7-3、排屑通道，8、物料输送器，9、主轴支架，10、主轴接屑盘，11、主轴刀具模块，12、刀库，13、主轴，14、刀具，11-1、 线轨滑块 ，11-2、立式刀库，11-3、减速器，11-4、刀库电机，11-5、立式主轴单元，11-6、打刀缸，11-7、主轴电机，11-9、地脚， 11-11、立式气缸，11-12、液压缸，11-13、线轨，11-14、把手，11-15、卧式主轴单元，11-16、卧式主轴箱，11-17、卧式气缸，11-20、滑块，11-21、线 轨，11-22、走线盒，11-23、立式刀库，11-24、卧式主轴刀座，15、端面齿盘a，16、端面齿盘b，17、端面齿盘c，18、壳体，19、转轴，20、回转座，21、回转体，22、内缸套，23、外缸套，24、电缆夹，25、滚筒，26、圆光删尺，27、底座，28、线 轨，29、滑板，30、无杆气缸，31、缓冲减震器。
具体实施方式
附图为本发明的一种具体实施例。 该实施例包括机体7，其特征是：所述机体7的两侧沿宽度方向设置多个内外通透的坑道6，所述坑道6的外侧均设有主轴支架9，所述主轴支架9上和机体7的内部均设有主轴刀具基准面7-1，在所述主轴刀具基准面7-1上设有可进出机体的主轴刀具模块11，机体7的上部设有带动工件沿X、Y、Z轴移动的工件移动装置，所述工件移动装置的下部通过双回转夹持机构连接工件夹具，双回转夹持机构带动工件沿水平轴和竖直轴转动，在机体工作区域与操作区域之间设有两排物料器8，用于输送待加工件和已加工件。
为便于加工不同的工件，所述主轴刀具模块11为卧式主轴刀具模块或立式主轴刀具模块，所述主轴刀具模块11为可拆卸的，所述主轴刀具模块包括主轴箱和主轴箱座，所述主轴箱和主轴箱座之间通过线 轨 滑块11-1连接，主轴箱座安装在主轴支架上9，所述主轴箱座上设有线 轨 ，主轴箱的后侧通过液压缸11-12与主轴箱座的后端连接，主轴箱的下侧通过滑块安装在主轴箱座的线 轨 上，主轴箱座侧面通过走线盒设置刀库及其换刀动力装置，所述主轴支架的下端设置有可调节的地脚11-9，所述换刀动力装置的后侧还设有把手11-14，便于将刀库移动至后端，更换刀库内的刀具。
立式主轴刀具模块11的主轴箱为立式主轴箱，立式主轴箱上部设有立式主轴单元11-5，立式主轴单元包括竖直伸出的主轴和刀具，立式 主轴箱的下部 设置打刀缸11-6和主轴电机11-7，所述刀库为立式刀库11-2，所述换刀动力装置为设置在走线盒一侧的立式气缸11-11和设置在走线盒上的刀库电机11-4和减速器11-3。
卧式主轴刀具模块的主轴箱为卧式主轴箱11-16，卧式主轴箱11-16的下部设置长方体状卧式主轴箱座，卧式主轴箱的前端设有卧式主轴单元11-15，其包括主轴13和刀具14，卧式主轴箱11-16后方下侧连接液压缸11-12，卧式主轴箱座11-24上设有线 轨 ，卧式主轴箱上设有安放在线 轨 上的滑块，刀库为卧式刀库11-23，所述换刀动力装置为设置在走线盒一侧的立式气缸11-11、卧式气缸11-17和设置在走线盒上的刀库电机11-4和减速器11-3，卧式主轴箱的进出机体由液压缸来回拉动实现。
所述坑道为倒'凸'字型台阶结构，所述主轴刀具模块设置在该坑道的台阶7-2上，所述主轴刀具模块的下部还设有起导向作用的长条状的主轴接屑盘10，主轴接屑盘设置在坑道内倒'凸'字型台阶结构的下部，所述机体的内部设有排屑通道7-3，所述排屑通道7-3为由向下倾斜的两块对称设置的固定板形成的V字型结构，该排屑通道在机体下部长度方向上贯通整个机架底部，并在固定板的一端设置排屑口，可在机体的排屑口处设置排屑机，由排屑机将排屑通道内的所有铁屑统一导出，便于将铁屑直接导出，无需停机清理铁屑，有利于提高生产效率。
主轴刀具模块安装好后，主轴接屑盘的端部指向排屑通道，且主轴接屑盘的上表面为斜面，该斜面的最低端位于排屑通道处，在安装时为降低生产成本，以较低的加工精度得到较高的装配精度，降低加工要求，提高装配效率，所述主轴刀具基准面7-1上与主轴刀具模块11接触配合的表面涂胶找平。
所述工件移动装置包括Z轴驱动装置2、Y轴驱动装置4和X轴驱动装置5，Z轴驱动装置2、Y轴驱动装置4和X轴驱动装置5的动力源均为直线电机，X轴驱动装置设置在两侧机体上，Y轴驱动装置通过两根横梁1设置，两横梁之间通过 Z向滑枕3设置 Z轴驱动装置2。
本发明所用双回转夹持机构包括壳体18和夹具，所述壳体18有一个上表面和两个侧面，壳体18上设有竖向的轴孔I，并在轴孔I上设有转轴19，所述壳体18的上表面上还设有带动回转座转动的动力装置，所述转轴19上部连接驱动装置，转轴19下部连接竖向定位锁紧装置，转轴19的下端连接有回转座20，回转座20上设有横向的轴孔II，所述轴孔II内设有回转体21，所述回转体21的一端连接动力装置，回转体21的另一端连接横向定位锁紧装置，所述回转体21的下部连接固定工件的夹具，所述轴孔II内的动力装置为伺服电机，所述伺服电机的外侧设有保持液压管路静止的内外缸套22、23，避免回转过程中管路缠绕，起类似于电刷的作用, 所述转轴19为空心结构，所述动力装置和驱动装置的液压管路均由空心结构的上口穿出，分别通过电缆夹24加紧，并缠绕在滚筒25上，所述滚筒25通过三角支架设置在壳体18上，所述轴孔II内的动力装置为伺服电机，所述伺服电机的外侧设有保持液压管路静止的内、外缸套22、23，并在轴孔II的一端设有给伺服电机提供反馈信号 的 圆光栅尺 26 ，所述横向定位锁紧装置和竖向定位锁紧装置均为液压活塞驱动三片式端面齿盘结构 ， 即横向锁紧装置包括设置在回转座21外侧的活塞缸、端面齿盘a 15，端面齿盘b 16和端面齿盘c 17。由活塞缸驱动活塞，活塞驱动端面齿盘a15，与端面齿盘b16和端面齿盘c17啮合，实现锁紧（如图10所示）。
所述竖向锁紧部件包括设置在壳体18内的驱动活塞，端面齿盘a 15，与端面齿盘b16和端面齿盘c14，活塞驱动端面齿盘a15，与端面齿盘b16和端面齿盘c17啮合，实现锁紧，各电缆从转轴19上口穿出，通过电缆夹24夹紧，并缠绕在电缆滚筒25上，而电缆滚筒25通过三角支架及滑块安放在线 轨 上，使得滚筒25实现了在转轴转动时，靠近或远离转轴，进而使得缠绕在滚筒5上的电缆始终保持拉紧状态，避免了电缆缠绕（如图9所示）。
机体工作区域与操作区域之间设有两排物料器，用于输送待加工件和已加工件，所述每排物料器均由底座27、滑板29和无杆气缸30组成，底座连接在机体上，底座27的上表面设有线 轨 28，滑板的下表面设有与线 轨 28配合的滑块，底座17的中间设有与线 轨 平行的槽，槽内设有无杆气缸30，无杆气缸上的滑块与滑板29的下部中间连接，在底座27的两端还设有缓冲减震器31，所述滑板29上还设有用于定位和锁紧工件（或工装）的定位销及气动锁紧机构。
如图1所示在机体的宽度方向上两侧设有4对通道，可在每个通道内放置一个主轴刀具模块11，即可放置8个不同的主轴刀具模块11，每个主轴刀具模块上可根据工件加工需求安装多把刀具，一次装夹完成多面加工，不仅节省了时间，而且提高了精度。
本发明专利多功能机床工作时，设置在滑枕下端的双回转夹持机构夹持工件，将工件移动至主轴位置，执行该工序加工内容，与此同时，执行下一工序的主轴所需的刀具已经更换到位，该工序加工完成后，直线电机高速驱动滑枕到下一主轴位置执行下一工序，以此类推，一次装夹完成多面加工，无重复夹紧，不仅节省了时间，而且提高了精度，满足高生产率和高精度工件的工艺需求，适用于小、中、大批量生产中的低成本、高效率、高精度等要求。

Claims (11)

1、一种多功能机床，包括机体（7），其特征是：所述机体（7）的两侧沿宽度方向设置多个内外通透的坑道（6），所述坑道（6）的外侧均设有主轴支架（9），所述主轴支架（9）上和机体（7）的内部均设有主轴刀具基准面（7-1），在所述主轴刀具基准面（7-1）上设有可进出机体的主轴刀具模块（11），机体（7）的上部设有带动工件沿X、Y、Z轴移动的工件移动装置，所述工件移动装置的下部通过双回转夹持机构连接工件夹具，双回转夹持机构带动工件沿水平轴和竖直轴转动，在机体工作区域与操作区域之间设有两排物料器（8）。
2、根据权利要求1所述的多功能机床，其特征是：所述主轴刀具模块（11）为卧式主轴刀具模块或立式主轴刀具模块。
3、根据权利要求2所述的多功能机床，其特征是：所述立式主轴刀具模块由立式主轴箱和设置在下端的主轴箱座组成，主轴箱座和立式主轴箱之间连接有液压缸，立式主轴箱的下部设有竖向设置的打刀缸（11-6）和主轴电机（11-7），主轴箱座上设有立式刀库（11-2）、刀库电机（11-4）和减速器，立式刀库的后端设有把手，立式主轴箱的进出机体由液压缸来回拉动实现。
4、根据权利要求2所述的多功能机床，其特征是：所述卧式主轴刀具模块由卧式主轴箱（11-16）和设置在下端的主轴箱座组成，卧式主轴箱的前端有伸出的主轴（13）和刀具（14），主轴箱座和主轴箱之间连接有液压缸，卧式主轴箱的后侧设有横向设置的打刀缸和主电机，主轴箱座上设有卧式刀库（11-23）、刀库电机和减速器，卧式刀库（11-23）的后端设有把手，卧式主轴箱的进出机体由液压缸来回拉动实现。
5、根据权利要求1所述的多功能机床，其特征是：所述坑道为倒“凸”字型台阶结构，所述主轴刀具模块设置在该坑道的台阶（7-2）上，所述主轴刀具模块（11）的下部还设有起导向作用的长条状的主轴接屑盘（10），主轴接屑盘设置在坑道内倒“凸”字型台阶结构的下部。
6、根据权利要求5所述的多功能机床，其特征是：所述主轴刀具基准面（7-1）与主轴刀具模块（11）接触配合的表面涂胶找平。
7、根据权利要求1所述的多功能机床，其特征是：所述每排物料器均由底座（27）、滑板（29）和无杆气缸（30）组成，无杆气缸（30）带动滑板运送工件。
8、根据权利要求1所述的多功能机床，其特征是：所述双回转夹持机构包括壳体（18）和夹具，所述壳体（18）有一个上表面和两个侧面，壳体上设有竖向的轴孔I，并在轴孔I上设有转轴（19），所述壳体的上表面上还设有带动回转座转动的动力装置，所述转轴(19)上部连接驱动装置，转轴(19)下部连接竖向定位锁紧装置，转轴的下端连接有回转座(20)，回转座(20)上设有横向的轴孔II，所述轴孔II内设有回转体(21)，所述回转体(21)的一端连接动力装置，回转体的另一端连接横向定位锁紧装置，所述回转体(21)的下部连接固定工件的夹具。
9、根据权利要求8所述的多功能机床，其特征是：所述轴孔II内的动力装置为伺服电机，所述伺服电机的外侧设有保持液压管路静止的内外缸套（22、23）。
10、根据权利要求1所述的多功能机床，其特征是：所述工件移动装置包括Z轴驱动装置（2）、Y轴驱动装置（4）和X轴驱动装置（5），驱动装置的动力源均为直线电机，X轴驱动装置设置在两侧机体上，Y轴驱动装置通过两根横梁（1）设置，两横梁之间通过Z向滑枕（3）设置Z轴驱动装置（2）。
11、根据权利要求8所述的多功能机床，其特征是：所述转轴（19）为空心结构，所述动力装置和驱动装置的液压管路均由空心结构的上口穿出。
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CN107088756A (zh) * 2017-06-23 2017-08-25 佛山市顺德区金工铝门窗机械实业有限公司 用于生产铝型材的三轴加工中心
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CN112317829A (zh) * 2020-10-15 2021-02-05 山西盛镁科技有限公司 一种镁合金厚板铣边装置
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