WO2016056592A1 - 1,4-ジオキサン分解菌の培養方法、培地、1,4-ジオキサン分解菌を利用する1,4-ジオキサン処理方法 - Google Patents
1,4-ジオキサン分解菌の培養方法、培地、1,4-ジオキサン分解菌を利用する1,4-ジオキサン処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a culture method for 1,4-dioxane degrading bacteria, a medium, and a 1,4-dioxane treatment method using 1,4-dioxane degrading bacteria.
- 1,4-dioxane is a cyclic ether represented by the following formula (1).
- 1,4-Dioxane is excellent in compatibility with water and organic solvents, and is mainly used as a reaction solvent for organic synthesis.
- 1,4-dioxane The amount of 1,4-dioxane produced and imported in Japan in FY2010 was about 4500 t / year, and it is estimated that about 300 t / year was released into the environment. Since 1,4-dioxane is water-soluble, when it is released into the water environment, it diffuses over a wide area. Moreover, since all of volatile property, adsorptivity to solid, photodegradability, hydrolyzability, and biodegradability are low, removal from water is difficult. Since 1,4-dioxane has acute toxicity and chronic toxicity, and carcinogenicity has been pointed out, there is a concern that pollution of the water environment by 1,4-dioxane may adversely affect humans, animals and plants. . Therefore, in Japan, 1,4-dioxane is regulated by tap water quality standards (0.05 mg / L or less), environmental standards (0.05 mg / L or less) and wastewater standards (0.5 mg / L or less). ing.
- Non-Patent Document 1 reports that the treatment efficiency of 1,4-dioxane by the accelerated oxidation method decreases when an organic substance other than 1,4-dioxane exists.
- Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 propose biological treatment with 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria.
- 1,4-Dioxane-degrading bacteria are produced by co-metabolism reaction in the presence of bacteria that can be decomposed and assimilated using 1,4-dioxane as a single carbon source (assimilating bacteria) and other components such as tetrahydrofuran. It is roughly divided into two types, bacteria that co-degrade 4-dioxane (co-metabolites), and assimilated bacteria are further classified into inducible and constitutive types depending on whether 1,4-dioxane degrading enzyme is induced or not.
- Non-Patent Documents 3 and 4 report that THF monooxygenase possessed by these 1,4-dioxane degrading bacteria is involved in the degradation of 1,4-dioxane.
- THF monooxygenase is classified as a kind of soluble iron (II) monooxygenase (SDIMO) responsible for the initial oxidation of various hydrocarbons, and SDIMO includes methane / propane monooxygenase and others.
- Non-Patent Document 5 Non-Patent Document 6 reports that bacteria having SDIMO other than THF monooxygenase may also degrade 1,4-dioxane.
- 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria grow very slowly, and when other microorganisms are mixed, other microorganisms preferentially grow. It is necessary to sterilize the culture apparatus and the culture medium in advance so that various germs are not mixed.
- the sterilization includes methods such as steam sterilization using an autoclave, dry heat sterilization using an oven, radiation sterilization using gamma rays, and chemical sterilization using ethylene oxide gas.
- all sterilization methods are performed on a large scale, such as sterilization facilities are too large, energy costs are too high, the amount of chemicals used is enormous, and there are problems in terms of cost and safety. It is difficult. For this reason, it is difficult to supply a large amount of 1,4-dioxane degrading bacteria necessary for actual 1,4-dioxane contamination sites.
- K. KOSAKA, H. YAMADA, S.MATSUI, and K. SHISHIDA The effects of the co-existing compounds on the decomposition of micropollutants using the ozone / hydrogen peroxide process.
- ZYLSTRA Biodegradation of tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane by soluble diiron monooxygenase in Pseudonocardia sp. Sol ENV478. Nol. (5), pp. 312-316, 2012.
- ALVAREZ-COHEN Glyoxylate metabolism is a key feature of the metabolic degradation of 1,4-dioxane by 190 CB Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 78 (9), pp. 3298-3308, 2012.
- HOLMES ESSoluble di-iron monooxygenase gene diversity in soils, sediments and ethane enrichments. Environ. Microbiol., 8 (7), pp. 1228-1239 2006.
- S. MAHENDRA, and L. ALVAREZ-COHEN Kinetics of 1,4-dioxane biodegradation by monooxygenase-expressing bacteria. Environ. Sci. Technol., 40 (17), pp. 5435-5442, 2006.
- a method for culturing 1,4-dioxane degrading bacteria comprising increasing 1,4-dioxane degrading bacteria using a medium containing diethylene glycol at a concentration of 1.0 wt% to 10.0 wt%.
- the medium is a liquid medium.
- the culture method according to 1. 3.
- the medium contains at least one of corn steep liquor, casamino acid, yeast extract, and peptone. Or 2.
- the 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacterium is Mycobacterium sp. Or Pseudonocardia sp. ⁇ 3.
- the 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria are Mycobacterium sp. D11 (Accession number: NITE BP-01926), Pseudonocardia sp. D17 (Accession number: NITE BP-01927), 1. Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190, characterized in that it is at least one kind. ⁇ 4.
- the culture method according to any one of the above. 6). 1. A continuous culture in which a liquid medium is supplied and a culture medium of the same amount as that of the liquid medium is taken out. ⁇ 5.
- the culture method according to any one of the above. 7). A medium containing diethylene glycol at a concentration of 1.0 wt% to 10.0 wt%. 8). 6.
- Diethylene glycol is injected together with the 1,4-dioxane degrading bacteria.
- a soil treatment method comprising injecting 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria cultured by the culture method according to any one of the above. 13 11.
- Diethylene glycol is injected together with the 1,4-dioxane degrading bacterium.
- the soil treatment method as described in. 14.1. ⁇ 6.
- 1,4-dioxane degrading bacteria cultured by the culture method according to any one of the above.
- 16. Inject diethylene glycol into water or soil containing 1,4-dioxane, A method for treating 1,4-dioxane characterized by promoting the growth of 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria present in water or soil containing 1,4-dioxane.
- the culture method of the present invention can efficiently increase 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria. Even if other microorganisms are present, 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria can be increased preferentially, and sterilization equipment is unnecessary, so it is possible to increase 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria in large-scale facilities. Yes, it can supply a large amount of 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria required for 1,4-dioxane treatment in sewage treatment plants, factory wastewater treatment facilities, contaminated sites, etc. Since 1,4-dioxane can be treated simply by injecting the cultured 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacterium into water or soil, 1,4-dioxane can be treated easily and at low cost.
- Contaminated water treatment flow chart in the standard activated sludge method The figure which shows the growth property in the presence of diethylene glycol in 1,4-dioxane degrading bacteria. The figure which shows the time-dependent change of 1, 4- dioxane decomposing activity in 1, 4- dioxane decomposing bacteria. (Right) Photograph of a reactor in which 1,4-dioxane degrading bacteria are being cultured in a culture solution containing diethylene glycol and (left) glucose. The figure which shows the relationship between the diethylene glycol density
- cultivation of a 1, 4- dioxane degrading bacterium The figure which shows the time-dependent change of the diethylene glycol density
- the present invention is characterized by increasing 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria using a medium containing diethylene glycol.
- degrading bacteria 1,4-dioxane degrading bacteria
- the present invention is based on a completely novel finding that has not been known so far, in which a degrading bacterium exhibits superior growth properties compared to other microorganisms in the presence of diethylene glycol.
- the reason why the degrading bacteria are excellent in growth in the presence of diethylene glycol is unknown, but the degrading bacteria are superior to other microorganisms in their ability to use diethylene glycol as a carbon source, so they are preferred in the presence of diethylene glycol. It is speculated that it can proliferate. Therefore, in the presence of diethylene glycol, decomposing bacteria can be increased even if other microorganisms live. That is, in the presence of diethylene glycol, decomposing bacteria can be increased without sterilizing other microorganisms.
- Diethylene glycol is a glycol represented by the following formula (2).
- Diethylene glycol is a compound with excellent biodegradability that is decomposed in the environment. Many microorganisms present in the environment can use diethylene glycol as a carbon source, and degrading bacteria can naturally use diethylene glycol as a carbon source. And decomposing bacteria are excellent in the ability to utilize diethylene glycol as a carbon source compared with microorganisms which do not have dioxane resolution.
- Degrading bacteria exist in nature, and screening is performed by culturing sludge collected from water or soil contaminated with 1,4-dioxane in a medium containing only 1,4-dioxane as a carbon source. Can do.
- the degrading bacteria used in the present invention are not particularly limited, and include Mycobacterium sp., Pseudonocardia sp, Afipia sp, Rhodococcus sp, Flavobacterium sp., Methylosinus sp., Burkholderia sp., Ralstonia sp., Cordyceps sp., Xanthobacter sp.), Acinetobacter sp., etc. can be used.
- Degradable bacteria include bacteria that can be decomposed and assimilated using 1,4-dioxane as a single carbon source, and bacteria that decompose 1,4-dioxane by co-metabolism in the presence of other components such as tetrahydrofuran.
- Pseudonocardia antarctica DVS 5a1 Cordyceps sinesis A
- Rhodococcus aetherivorans JCM14343 and the like are preferable.
- Pseudonocardia sp. D17, Mycobacterium sp. D11 and Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 which have relatively high resolution of 1,4-dioxane, are preferable.
- Mycobacterium sp. D11 and Pseudonocardia sp. D17 are under the accession number NITE BP-01926 and the accession number NITE BP-01927, respectively. It has been deposited internationally on August 29, 2014 in 2-5-8 (Kamajia 2-8-8).
- Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 (hereinafter referred to as CB1190 strain) can be purchased from the US ATCC (ATCC 55486). In addition to US ATCC, it can also be purchased at JCM (RIKEN BioResource Center, Microbial Materials Development Office) and DSM in Germany.
- Rhodococcus aetherivorans JCM14343 can be purchased from JCM (RIKEN BioResource Center, Microbial Materials Development Office) (JCM14343). It can also be purchased at DSM in Germany, NCIMB in the UK, and CIP in France.
- Conditions for increasing the degrading bacteria are not particularly limited as long as they are in an environment where diethylene glycol is present.
- a liquid culture medium and a solid culture medium are mentioned. Moreover, it is not sterilized and other microorganisms may exist.
- the medium is not particularly limited as long as it can cultivate degrading bacteria, and a medium obtained by adding diethylene glycol to a known medium such as an MGY medium or a CGY medium can be used.
- a liquid medium While supplying the liquid medium, 1,4-dioxane is used in continuous culture in which a culture solution containing the same amount of degrading bacteria as the liquid medium is supplied. More preferably, the number of degrading bacteria is increased.
- the concentration of diethylene glycol when increasing the number of degrading bacteria is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 mg / L or more and 100 g / L or less (1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 wt% or more and 10.0 wt% or less) in the case of a liquid medium.
- the lower limit value of the diethylene glycol concentration in the liquid medium is more preferably 1 g / L or more (0.1 wt% or more), more preferably 5 g / L or more (0.5 wt% or more), and 10 g / L or more. (1.0 wt% or more) is most preferable.
- the upper limit of the diethylene glycol concentration is more preferably 60 g / L or less (6.0 wt% or less), further preferably 30 g / L or less (3.0 wt% or less), and 20 g (2.0 wt% or less). / L or less is most preferable. Moreover, if it is a solid culture medium, 0.1 wt% or more and 10.0 wt% or less are preferable.
- the lower limit of the diethylene glycol concentration of the solid medium is more preferably 1.0 wt% or more, more preferably 1.5 wt% or more, and most preferably 2.0 wt% or more.
- the upper limit value of the diethylene glycol concentration is more preferably 9.0 wt% or less, further preferably 8.0 wt% or less, and most preferably 7.0 wt% or less.
- inorganic substances and organic substances necessary for the activity of the degrading bacteria can be added. Since the activity amount of microorganisms is limited by the smallest factor among necessary factors such as nutrients, the growth can be promoted by adding insufficient nutrients.
- the inorganic substance to be added is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include K 2 HPO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, FeCl 3 , CaCl 2 and NaCl.
- the organic substance to be added is not particularly limited, but corn steep liquor, casamino acid, yeast extract and peptone are preferable.
- the weight ratio of diethylene glycol to the organic substance added other than diethylene glycol is preferably 60:40 to 99: 1, more preferably 70:30 to 98: 2, and 75:25 to 95: 5. More preferably, it is most preferably 80:20 to 90:10.
- the degrading bacteria It is preferable to culture the degrading bacteria at 15 to 45 ° C. 20 to 40 ° C is more preferable, and 25 to 35 ° C is most preferable.
- the pH is preferably 5 to 8, more preferably 6 to 8.
- the culture time is not particularly limited as long as a necessary amount of cells can be obtained. When increasing the number of degrading bacteria in a closed system, 3 to 30 days is preferable.
- the culture method of the present invention can increase the number of degrading bacteria without sterilizing other microorganisms, and does not require a sterilizer. Therefore, cultivation on a large scale is easy, and a large amount of cells necessary for 1,4-dioxane treatment at a sewage treatment plant, a factory wastewater treatment facility, a contaminated soil treatment site, and the like can be supplied.
- Dioxane-decomposing bacteria can be filtered from the culture medium, cryopreserved cells, L-dried cells, freeze-dried cells, an immobilization carrier in which dioxane-degrading bacteria are immobilized on a resin, or culture. It can be used for 1,4-dioxane treatment in any form such as a suspension containing a dioxane-degrading bacterium such as a liquid or a concentrated liquid thereof.
- Water such as general sewage and factory effluent often contains nutrient salts such as K 2 HPO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, FeCl 3 , CaCl 2 , and NaCl.
- nutrient salts such as K 2 HPO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, FeCl 3 , CaCl 2 , and NaCl.
- concentration of nutrients is low, injection of necessary nutrients can promote 1,4-dioxane treatment by metabolism and utilization of degrading bacteria.
- diethylene glycol is excellent in biodegradability and is rapidly decomposed in the environment, the environmental load by diethylene glycol is very small.
- the diethylene glycol concentration in the contaminated water is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 wt% or more and 10.0 wt% or less.
- the lower limit value of the diethylene glycol concentration is more preferably 0.1 wt% or more, more preferably 0.5 wt% or more, and most preferably 1.0 wt% or more.
- the upper limit value of the diethylene glycol concentration is more preferably 6.0 wt% or less, further preferably 3.0 wt% or less, and most preferably 2.0 wt% or less.
- Fig. 1 shows the contaminated water treatment flow in the standard activated sludge method using an aeration tank.
- biological treatment with useful microorganisms is performed in an aeration tank.
- the aeration tank is equipped with a diffuser tube, and bubbles are supplied from the diffuser tube to the water in the aeration tank.
- Oxygen is dissolved in the water from the bubbles, and organic matter is processed by metabolism and utilization by useful microorganisms. Is done. Since the aeration tank is in an aerobic environment, 1,4-dioxane contained in the contaminated water can be treated simply by injecting decomposing bacteria into the aeration tank.
- the culture solution taken out by continuous culture may be continuously injected.
- the 1,4-dioxane treatment can be performed simply by injecting the cultured degrading bacteria into the aeration tank, the equipment used in the conventional standard activated sludge method can be used almost as it is. Since the culture method of the present invention does not require sterilization equipment and chemicals, both initial cost and running cost can be suppressed. Therefore, the biological treatment method using the degrading bacteria cultured by the culture method of the present invention is lower in cost than the accelerated oxidation method using a plurality of oxidizing agents. In addition, a commercially available apparatus for decomposing bacteria can be used as it is, so that the cost is low.
- the cultured degrading bacteria can be injected into soil contaminated with 1,4-dioxane to treat 1,4-dioxane.
- the ordinary soil treatment method requires enormous labor and cost such as construction of a plant on site, excavation of soil, detoxification, backfilling, etc.
- 1,4-Dioxane can be biologically treated. Since nutrients are generally insufficient in soil, it is preferable to inject diethylene glycol together with decomposing bacteria.
- inorganic substances such as K 2 HPO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, FeCl 3 , CaCl 2 , NaCl, organic substances such as corn steep liquor, casamino acid, yeast extract, peptone, etc. Either or both may be injected.
- degrading bacteria exist in nature. By injecting diethylene glycol into water or soil contaminated with 1,4-dioxane, it is possible to promote the growth of degrading bacteria existing in nature and increase the number of degrading bacteria preferentially. When the amount of decomposing bacteria increases, 1,4-dioxane treatment by the degrading bacteria is promoted. Since it is only necessary to add diethylene glycol and there is no need to culture degrading bacteria, the cost is very low. Moreover, since only the existing degrading bacteria are increased and no new degrading bacteria are transferred, the influence on the ecosystem can be suppressed.
- the diethylene glycol concentration in the contaminated water or the contaminated soil is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 wt% or more and 10.0 wt% or less.
- the lower limit value of the diethylene glycol concentration is more preferably 0.1 wt% or more, more preferably 0.5 wt% or more, and most preferably 1.0 wt% or more.
- the upper limit value of the diethylene glycol concentration is more preferably 9.0 wt% or less, further preferably 8.0 wt% or less, and most preferably 7.0 wt% or less.
- Example 1 CB1190 strain, D11 strain, and D17 strain were used as 1,4-dioxane degrading bacteria.
- Each degrading bacterium was cultured for 10 days using a CGY medium (casitone: 5 g / L, glycerin: 5 g / L, yeast extract: 1 g / L) containing 1,4-dioxane at a concentration of 500 mg / L. After culturing, the cells were collected and washed with a centrifuge, and the cells were mixed with 20 mL of physiological saline as an inoculum. In addition, the inoculation liquid used what unified turbidity using a spectrophotometer (OD600: about 10).
- Liquid medium (medium composition: K 2 HPO 4 : 1 g / L, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 : 1 g / L, NaCl: 50 mg / L, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O: 200 mg) / L, FeCl 3 : 10 mg / L, CaCl 2 : 50 mg / L, pH: 7.3) was added and sterilized by autoclaving. Then, after adding the diethylene glycol solution of predetermined concentration so that it might become 1 g / L, 1 mL of inoculation liquids were added, and rotation shaking culture was performed at 28 degreeC and 120 rpm for 9 days.
- the bacterial cells in the culture solution were collected as a filtrate by suction filtration and dried overnight at 105 ° C., and then the bacterial cell weight was measured to determine the bacterial cell concentration (mg-dry cell / L).
- the proliferation of the bacterial cells was evaluated by the ⁇ bacterial cell concentration obtained by subtracting the initial bacterial cell concentration from the bacterial cell concentration on the 9th day of culture.
- Fig. 2 shows the growth of each degrading bacterium in the presence of diethylene glycol.
- the cell concentration increased in all degrading bacteria, and it was confirmed that the degrading bacteria can grow using diethylene glycol as a carbon source.
- the D17 strain showed a very high growth ability.
- Example 2 The D17 strain was cultured for 2 weeks in MGY medium (Mal Extract: 10 g / L, glucose: 4 g / L, Yeast Extract: 4 g / L). Actual groundwater containing 1,4-dioxane (pH: 7.38, 1,4-dioxane: 0.16 mg / L, phosphate ion: 0.08 mg / L, total nitrogen: 36.5 mg / L, total organic carbon (Amount: 11 mg / L, chemical oxygen demand: 33 mg / L) After adding ammonium sulfate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to a concentration of 1 g / L, respectively, add diethylene glycol to 20 g / L. A culture solution was prepared.
- a liquid medium containing 100 mg / L 1,4-dioxane (medium composition: K 2 HPO 4 : 1 g / L, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 : 1 g / L, NaCl: 50 mg / L, MgSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O: 200 mg / L, FeCl 3 : 10 mg / L, CaCl 2 : 50 mg / L, pH: 7.3) 19 mL and 1 mL of the sampled culture solution are added, and 28 ° C., 120 rpm Rotating shaking culture was performed for 24 hours. In addition, a total of three Erlenmeyer flasks were prepared, and the test was carried out in the same procedure.
- the 1,4-dioxane concentration in the solution after completion of the culture was measured with a headspace gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (Shimadzu Corporation: GC / MS-QP2010, PLUS, TURBOMATRIX HS40).
- a blank system to which no culture solution was added was also tested in the same procedure, and the decomposition activity of 1,4-dioxane was determined by the following formula.
- the decomposing activity represents the amount of 1,4-dioxane decomposed in 1 ml of the culture solution in 24 hours.
- a photograph of the reactor on the third day of culture is shown in FIG.
- the reactor on the right is Example 2 using diethylene glycol and the left is Comparative Example 1 using glucose.
- Example 2 using diethylene glycol as a carbon source, the degradation activity, which was 0.04 immediately after the start of culture, increased with the passage of days, and increased to 1.63 on the sixth day of culture. Since no sterilization such as heating is performed, other microorganisms that lived in the actual groundwater are not sterilized, but because the degradation activity has increased, strain D17 preferentially grows in the presence of diethylene glycol. It became clear that Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4 (right), the culture solution on the third day of the culture was slightly cloudy but had transparency.
- Example 2 The degradation activity on the 6th day of culture was 1.63 in Example 2 and 0.20 in Comparative Example 1, and Example 2 was 8 times or more superior to Comparative Example 1. This is probably because the D17 strain is superior in ability to use diethylene glycol as a carbon source compared to other microorganisms, and the amount of the D17 strain increased.
- Example 3 In a conical flask with a 300 mL capacity baffle, a liquid medium containing 1 g / L diethylene glycol (medium composition: K 2 HPO 4 : 1 g / L, (NH 4 ) 2SO 4 : 1 g / L, NaCl: 50 mg / L, MgSO 4 Add 100 mL of 7H 2 O: 200 mg / L, FeCl 3 : 10 mg / L, CaCl 2 : 50 mg / L, pH: 7.3), and inoculate the D17 strain previously cultured in MGY medium (early bacteria) (Body concentration: 111 mg-dry cell / L) at 28 ° C. and 120 rpm for 7 days.
- MGY medium head-bacterial
- Example 4 The degrading bacteria were cultured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the concentration of diethylene glycol in the liquid medium was changed to 5 g / L.
- Example 5" The degrading bacteria were cultured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the concentration of diethylene glycol in the liquid medium was 10 g / L.
- Example 6 The degrading bacteria were cultured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the concentration of diethylene glycol in the liquid medium was 20 g / L.
- Example 7 The degrading bacteria were cultured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the concentration of diethylene glycol in the liquid medium was changed to 30 g / L.
- Bacteria concentration measurement After completion of the culture, the bacterial cells in the culture solution were collected as a filtrate by suction filtration, dried at 105 ° C. overnight, and the weight of the collected bacterial cells was measured. The cell concentration (mg-dry cell / L) was determined from the measured cell weight value. In each example, two similar test systems were prepared, and the average value was defined as the cell density. The proliferation of the bacterial cells was evaluated by the ⁇ bacterial cell concentration obtained by subtracting the initial bacterial cell concentration from the bacterial cell concentration on the seventh day of culture. FIG. 5 shows the ⁇ bacterial cell concentration.
- the bacterial cell concentration increased.
- the bacterial cell concentration was hardly changed even when the diethylene glycol concentration was increased.
- the pH after completion of the cultivation in Examples 5 to 7 was measured, it showed a pH of 3.42 to 3.91, and it was estimated that the bacterial cell concentration was comparable because the growth was inhibited by the decrease in pH.
- Example 8 Ammonium sulfate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate were added to the actual groundwater containing 1,4-dioxane used in Example 2 so as to have a concentration of 1 g / L, respectively, and then diethylene glycol having a predetermined concentration of 10 g / L. The solution was added to prepare a culture solution. 8 L of this culture solution was added to a 10 L reactor, strain D17 was added (initial cell concentration: 43.2 mg-dry cell / L), and cultured for 9 days at 28 ° C. while aeration at 4 L / min. did. On the fourth day of culture, corn steep liquor was added only once so that the concentration was 5 g / L. During the culture period, the pH was controlled to 7.0 ⁇ 0.2.
- the degradation activity immediately after the culture was as small as 0.02, but the degradation activity on the first day of culture rose to 0.38 and increased to 0.93 on the fourth day of culture.
- the degradation activity on the fifth day of culture 24 hours after the addition of corn steep liquor increased significantly to 1.61, and the degradation activity on the seventh and ninth days was 1.73.
- the degradation activity after the 7th day actually increased further, but since the 1,4-dioxane concentration decreased below the limit of quantification, it could not be calculated as an accurate activity value. From this, it was confirmed that the decomposition activity of 1,4-dioxane was increased by adding corn steep liquor. In this test method, the charged concentration of 1,4-dioxane is 100 mg / L, and the upper limit of the decomposition activity value considering reduction in the blank system is about 1.73.
- Example 9 The growth of SDIMO-carrying bacteria by culturing in a medium supplemented with diethylene glycol was investigated in seven types of soil collected from different sites of 1,4-dioxane-contaminated sites. The growth of SDIMO-carrying bacteria was evaluated by an increase in the PCR amplification product of about 420 bp derived from the gene encoding SDIMO (SDIMO gene).
- Soil DNA extraction kit product name: ISOIL for Beads Beating
- DNA fragment purification kit product name: MagExtractor-PCR & Gel Clean, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.
- the detection of the SDIMO gene was performed by PCR using the primer set [NVC57, NVC66] described in Non-Patent Document 5 above.
- PCR using this primer set a PCR amplification product of about 420 bp is specifically amplified when the SDIMO gene is present in the sample.
- the PCR reaction system was 50 ⁇ l (Sapphire Amp Fast PCR Master Mix (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) 25 ⁇ l, each primer 0.5 ⁇ M, DNA 1 ⁇ l, up to 50 ⁇ l with sterile ultrapure water), and PCR amplification was performed at 94 ° C., 5 After heat denaturation for 30 minutes, heat denaturation at 94 ° C.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of PCR amplification of the SDIMO gene before and after culturing soil samples 1 to 7 in a liquid medium supplemented with diethylene glycol (after 0 and 6 days).
- the lane indicated by M is a DNA ladder marker (trade name: 100 bp DNA ladder, manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.), and the lane indicated by P is Pseudonocardia sp., which is a 1,4-dioxane-assimilating bacterium.
- the lane indicated by D17 DNA, N is a negative control without DNA.
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Abstract
Description
2.前記培地が液体培地であることを特徴とする1.に記載の培養方法。
3.前記培地が、コーンスティープリカー、カザミノ酸、酵母エキス、ペプトンの少なくとも1種を含有することを特徴とする1.または2.に記載の培養方法。
4.前記1,4-ジオキサン分解菌が、マイコバクテリウム属(Mycobacterium sp.)、またはシュードノカルディア属(Pseudonocardia sp.)であることを特徴とする1.~3.のいずれかに記載の培養方法。
5.前記1,4-ジオキサン分解菌が、マイコバクテリウム属(Mycobacterium sp.) D11(受託番号:NITE BP-01926)、シュードノカルディア属(Pseudonocardia sp.) D17(受託番号:NITE BP-01927)、シュードノカルディア ジオキサニヴォランズ(Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans) CB1190、の少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする1.~4.のいずれかに記載の培養方法。
6.液体培地を供給しながら、該液体培地の供給量と同量の培養液を取り出す連続培養であることを特徴とする2.~5.のいずれかに記載の培養方法。
7.ジエチレングリコールを1.0wt%以上10.0wt%以下の濃度で含有することを特徴とする培地。
8.液体培地であることを特徴とする7.に記載の培地。
9.コーンスティープリカー、カザミノ酸、酵母エキス、ペプトンの少なくとも1種を含有することを特徴とする7.または8.に記載の培地。
10.1,4-ジオキサンを含む水に、1.~6.のいずれかに記載の培養方法で培養した1,4-ジオキサン分解菌を注入することを特徴とする水処理方法。
11.前記1,4-ジオキサン分解菌とともに、ジエチレングリコールを注入することを特徴とする10.に記載の水処理方法。
12.1,4-ジオキサンを含む土壌に、1.~6.のいずれかに記載の培養方法で培養した1,4-ジオキサン分解菌を注入することを特徴とする土壌処理方法。
13.前記1,4-ジオキサン分解菌とともに、ジエチレングリコールを注入することを特徴とする12.に記載の土壌処理方法。
14.1.~6.のいずれかに記載の培養方法により培養した1,4-ジオキサン分解菌。
15.14に記載の1,4-ジオキサン分解菌を固定化した固定化担体。
16.1,4-ジオキサンを含む水、または土壌に、ジエチレングリコールを注入し、
前記1,4-ジオキサンを含む水、または土壌に存在する1,4-ジオキサン分解菌の増殖を促進することを特徴とする1,4-ジオキサン処理方法。
本発明は、分解菌が、ジエチレングリコール存在下で他の微生物よりも優れた増殖性を示すという、これまでに知られていない全く新規な知見に基づくものである。分解菌が、ジエチレングリコール存在下で増殖性に優れている理由は不明であるが、分解菌は、他の微生物よりもジエチレングリコールを炭素源として利用する能力に優れているため、ジエチレングリコール存在下で優先的に増殖することができると推測される。そのため、ジエチレングリコール存在下では、他の微生物が生息していても分解菌を増やすことができる。すなわち、ジエチレングリコール存在下では、他の微生物を滅菌することなく、分解菌を増やすことができる。
Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190(以下、CB1190株という。)は、米国ATCCから購入することができる(ATCC 55486)。また、米国ATCCの他に、JCM(独立行政法人 理化学研究所 バイオリソースセンター 微生物材料開発室)やドイツのDSMにおいても購入可能である。
分解菌を大量に増やすためには液体培地を使用することが好ましく、液体培地を供給しながら、液体培地の供給量と同量の分解菌を含む培養液を取り出す連続培養で1,4-ジオキサン分解菌を増やすことがさらに好ましい。
なお、汚染環境中に生息している分解菌や、他の分解菌を培養して、ジエチレングリコールとともに注入してもよい。
CB1190株、D11株、D17株を1,4-ジオキサン分解菌として使用した。1,4-ジオキサンを500mg/Lの濃度で含むCGY培地(カシトン:5g/L、グリセリン:5g/L、酵母エキス:1g/L)を用いて各分解菌を10日間培養した。培養後、遠心分離機にて集菌・洗浄し、菌体を20mLの生理食塩水と混合したものを植菌液とした。なお、植菌液は、分光光度計を用いて濁度を統一したもの(OD600:およそ10)を用いた。
D17株を、MGY培地(Malt Extract:10g/L、グルコース:4g/L、Yeast Extract:4g/L)で2週間培養した。
1,4-ジオキサンを含む実地下水(pH:7.38、1,4-ジオキサン:0.16mg/L、リン酸イオン:0.08mg/L、全窒素:36.5mg/L、全有機炭素量:11mg/L、化学的酸素要求量:33mg/L)に、硫酸アンモニウムおよびリン酸水素二カリウムをそれぞれ1g/Lの濃度になるように添加した後、ジエチレングリコールを20g/Lになるように加えて培養液を作成した。
この培養液650mLを1L容量のリアクターに加え、D17株を添加して(菌体濃度:157mg-dry cell/L)、6日間培養を行った。培養中は、28℃、pH7.0に制御し、0.65L/minのエアレーションを行った。
ジエチレングリコールをグルコースとした以外は実施例2と同様にして、分解菌を培養した。
実施例2、比較例1の培養液から、それぞれ1mLサンプリングし、1,4-ジオキサン分解活性を測定した。サンプリングは培養開始直後と、培養開始してから1~6日目に行った。分解活性の測定方法は以下のとおりである。
=(C0-C24)×20mL/1000mL
C0(mg/L):培養液を添加していないブランク系を、24時間回転振盪培養した後の1,4-ジオキサン濃度。
C24(mg/L):培養液を添加した系を、24時間回転振盪培養した後の1,4-ジオキサン濃度。
300mL容量のバッフル付の三角フラスコに、1g/Lジエチレングリコールを含む液体培地(培地組成:K2HPO4:1g/L、(NH4)2SO4:1g/L、NaCl:50mg/L、MgSO4・7H2O:200mg/L、FeCl3:10mg/L、CaCl2:50mg/L、pH:7.3)を100mL加え、事前にMGY培地で培養したD17株を植菌して(初期菌体濃度:111mg-dry cell/L)、28℃、120rpmにて7日間、回転振盪培養を行った。
液体培地中のジエチレングリコールの濃度を5g/Lとした以外は実施例3と同様にして、分解菌を培養した。
「実施例5」
液体培地中のジエチレングリコールの濃度を10g/Lとした以外は実施例3と同様にして、分解菌を培養した。
「実施例6」
液体培地中のジエチレングリコールの濃度を20g/Lとした以外は実施例3と同様にして、分解菌を培養した。
「実施例7」
液体培地中のジエチレングリコールの濃度を30g/Lとした以外は実施例3と同様にして、分解菌を培養した。
培養終了後、吸引濾過にて培養液中の菌体をろ物として回収し、105℃で一晩乾燥した後、回収した菌体重量を測定した。測定した菌体重量値から、菌体濃度(mg-dry cell/L)を求めた。なお、各実施例では、同様の試験系を2本準備し、その平均値を菌体密度とした。培養7日目の菌体濃度から初期菌体濃度を差し引いたΔ菌体濃度により、菌体の増殖性を評価した。図5にΔ菌体濃度を示す。
実施例2で用いた1,4-ジオキサンを含む実地下水に、硫酸アンモニウムおよびリン酸水素二カリウムをそれぞれ1g/Lの濃度になるように添加した後、10g/Lになるように所定濃度のジエチレングリコール溶液を加えて培養液を作成した。
この培養液8Lを10L容量のリアクターに加え、D17株を添加して(初期菌体濃度:43.2mg-dry cell/L)、4L/minのエアレーションを行いながら、28℃にて9日間培養した。また、培養4日目に、コーンスティープリカーを濃度が5g/Lになるように一度のみ添加した。なお、培養期間中は、pH7.0±0.2に制御した。
培養液から1mLサンプリングし、1,4-ジオキサン分解活性を上記「1,4-ジオキサン分解活性の測定1」と同様にして測定した。サンプリングは培養開始直後と、培養開始してから1、2、3、4、5、7、9日目に行った。なお、4日目のサンプリングは、CSLを添加する直前に行った。測定結果を図6に示す。
上記「1,4-ジオキサン分解活性の測定2」でサンプリングした培養液中のジエチレングリコール濃度を、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(Waters Alliance 2695 検出器:RID)を用いて測定した。
「菌体濃度の測定」
培養開始直後と、培養開始してから4日目と9日目に培養液を150mLサンプリングし、メスシリンダーにて正確に100mL秤取った後、吸引濾過にて菌体をすべて回収・洗浄し、105℃で一晩乾燥した。なお、4日目のサンプリングは、コーンスティープリカーを添加する直前に行った。その後、乾燥重量を測定し、菌体濃度として算出した。
ジエチレングリコール濃度、および菌体濃度の経時変化を図7に示す。
菌体濃度は、培養0日目では94mg-dry cell/L、4日目では288mg-dry cell/Lであったが、培養9日目には2043mg-dry cell/Lと増加した。そのためジエチレングリコール以外の有機物質を添加することで分解菌を高濃度に含む培養液を得られることが明らかとなった。
1,4-ジオキサン汚染サイトの異なる場所から採取した7種類の土壌において、ジエチレングリコールを添加した培地での培養によるSDIMO保有菌の増殖を調査した。なお、SDIMO保有菌の増殖を、SDIMOをコードする遺伝子(SDIMO遺伝子)に由来する約420bpのPCR増幅産物の増加によって評価した。
90mlの液体培地(培地組成:K2HPO4:1g/L、(NH4)2SO4:1g/L、NaCl:50mg/L、MgSO4・7H2O:200mg/L、FeCl3:10mg/L、CaCl2:50mg/L、pH:7.0)を入れた300ml三角フラスコに、湿重量10gの土壌を投入し、ジエチレングリコールを終濃度20g/Lになるように添加して、28℃、120rpmで回転振盪培養を行った。
Claims (16)
- ジエチレングリコールを1.0wt%以上10.0wt%以下の濃度で含有する培地を用いて1,4-ジオキサン分解菌を増やすことを特徴とする1,4-ジオキサン分解菌の培養方法。
- 前記培地が液体培地であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の培養方法。
- 前記培地が、コーンスティープリカー、カザミノ酸、酵母エキス、ペプトンの少なくとも1種を含有することを特徴とする請求項1、または2に記載の培養方法。
- 前記1,4-ジオキサン分解菌が、マイコバクテリウム属(Mycobacterium sp.)、またはシュードノカルディア属(Pseudonocardia sp.)であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の培養方法。
- 前記1,4-ジオキサン分解菌が、マイコバクテリウム属(Mycobacterium sp.) D11(受託番号:NITE BP-01926)、シュードノカルディア属(Pseudonocardia sp.) D17(受託番号:NITE BP-01927)、シュードノカルディア ジオキサニヴォランズ(Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans) CB1190の少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の培養方法。
- 液体培地を供給しながら、該液体培地の供給量と同量の培養液を取り出す連続培養であることを特徴とする請求項2~5のいずれかに記載の培養方法。
- ジエチレングリコールを1.0wt%以上10.0wt%以下の濃度で含有することを特徴とする培地。
- 液体培地であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の培地。
- コーンスティープリカー、カザミノ酸、酵母エキス、ペプトンの少なくとも1種を含有することを特徴とする請求項7、または8に記載の培地。
- 1,4-ジオキサンを含む水に、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の培養方法で培養した1,4-ジオキサン分解菌を注入することを特徴とする水処理方法。
- 前記1,4-ジオキサン分解菌とともに、ジエチレングリコールを注入することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の水処理方法。
- 1,4-ジオキサンを含む土壌に、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の培養方法で培養した1,4-ジオキサン分解菌を注入することを特徴とする土壌処理方法。
- 前記1,4-ジオキサン分解菌とともに、ジエチレングリコールを注入することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の土壌処理方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の培養方法により培養した1,4-ジオキサン分解菌。
- 請求項14に記載の1,4-ジオキサン分解菌を固定化した固定化担体。
- 1,4-ジオキサンを含む水、または土壌に、ジエチレングリコールを注入し、
前記1,4-ジオキサンを含む水、または土壌に存在する1,4-ジオキサン分解菌の増殖を促進することを特徴とする1,4-ジオキサン処理方法。
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JP6117450B1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 | 2017-04-19 | 大成建設株式会社 | 構成型1,4−ジオキサン分解菌 |
JP6750865B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-11 | 2020-09-02 | 有限会社エコルネサンス・エンテック | 土壌汚染物質の対策方法 |
JP6835311B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-08 | 2021-02-24 | 大成建設株式会社 | 環状エーテルの生分解処理方法 |
JP6819284B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-28 | 2021-01-27 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 水処理システム |
JP7053173B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-19 | 2022-04-12 | 大成建設株式会社 | 有機化合物の生分解処理方法 |
JP7017323B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-19 | 2022-02-08 | 大成建設株式会社 | 構成型1,4-ジオキサン分解菌n23株の培養方法 |
JP7300242B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-07 | 2023-06-29 | 大成建設株式会社 | 汚染水処理方法 |
US11618699B2 (en) | 2017-11-17 | 2023-04-04 | Taisei Corporation | Dioxane-degrading bacteria-immobilized carrier, biodegradation treatment method, and biodegradation treatment apparatus |
JP2021058853A (ja) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-04-15 | 日鉄エンジニアリング株式会社 | 排水処理方法 |
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MCCLAY K. ET AL.: "Biodegradation of bis(2- chloroethyl) ether by Xanthobacter sp. strain ENV481", APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL., vol. 73, no. 21, November 2007 (2007-11-01), pages 6870 - 6875, XP055426716 * |
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CN107109349A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
CA2964200A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
US10364415B2 (en) | 2019-07-30 |
JP6664708B2 (ja) | 2020-03-13 |
KR20170083533A (ko) | 2017-07-18 |
JP2016077284A (ja) | 2016-05-16 |
KR102498199B1 (ko) | 2023-02-08 |
US20170306290A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
JPWO2016056592A1 (ja) | 2017-07-20 |
EP3205713A1 (en) | 2017-08-16 |
EP3205713B1 (en) | 2022-06-15 |
JP5877918B1 (ja) | 2016-03-08 |
EP3205713A4 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
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