WO2016052616A1 - 蛍光材料、シンチレータ、シンチレータアレイ、並びに放射線検出器 - Google Patents
蛍光材料、シンチレータ、シンチレータアレイ、並びに放射線検出器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016052616A1 WO2016052616A1 PCT/JP2015/077738 JP2015077738W WO2016052616A1 WO 2016052616 A1 WO2016052616 A1 WO 2016052616A1 JP 2015077738 W JP2015077738 W JP 2015077738W WO 2016052616 A1 WO2016052616 A1 WO 2016052616A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluorescent material
- scintillator
- emission intensity
- array
- atomic number
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K4/00—Conversion screens for the conversion of the spatial distribution of X-rays or particle radiation into visible images, e.g. fluoroscopic screens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G15/00—Compounds of gallium, indium or thallium
- C01G15/006—Compounds containing, besides gallium, indium, or thallium, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluorescent material, a scintillator, a scintillator array, and a radiation detector, which are garnet-type oxides having a composition containing Gd, Al, and Ga.
- the scintillator is a member that absorbs radiation such as ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, X rays and emits fluorescence.
- the scintillator can be used to detect irradiated radiation.
- it is used in various application fields such as medical fields such as tomography, industrial fields such as nondestructive inspection, security fields such as baggage inspection, and academic fields such as high energy physics.
- Patent Document 1 has the general formula: (Gd 1-wxyz Y w Lu x RE y Ce z) 3 + a (Al 1-us Ga u Sc s) 5-a O 12 (although, RE is Pr, Dy and Er At least one element, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.15, 0.2 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.003, 0.0003 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.0167, 0.2 ⁇ u ⁇ 0.6, 0 ⁇ s ⁇ 0.1), the content of Fe is 0.05 to 1 ppm by mass on an external basis, The content is 0.5 to 10 ppm by mass, and the temperature coefficient of the emission intensity at 30 to 40 ° C. when excited by X-ray is ⁇ 0.15% / ° C. to + 0.15% / ° C.
- a polycrystalline scintillator is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 it is described that by replacing Gd with Y, or Y and Lu, the temperature coefficient can be improved while suppressing a decrease in emission intensity.
- Patent Document 2 describes a general formula: (Gd 1- ⁇ - ⁇ - ⁇ Tb ⁇ Lu ⁇ Ce ⁇ ) 3 (Al 1-x Ga x ) a O b , 0 ⁇ ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 0 .5, 0.0001 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 4.8 ⁇ a ⁇ 5.2, 11.6 ⁇ b ⁇ 12.4
- a solid scintillator comprising:
- Tb contributes to fluorescence, and that light emission intensity and afterglow characteristics are improved by co-addition of Tb and Ce.
- Patent Document 3 is made of a luminescent material having a garnet structure, and includes Gd, Y, Ce, Ga, and Al, and includes (Gd 1 -xyz Y x A y Ce z ) 3 + u (Ga 1-mn Al m D n ) 5- uO 12 : represented by wFO, A is Lu, La, Tb, Dy or a combination thereof, D is In, Sc or a combination thereof, F is a divalent ion, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5, 0.001 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.05, 0 ⁇ u ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 0.2, 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.6 And scintillators where 10 ppm ⁇ w ⁇ 300 ppm and y / x> 1.
- the ratio of Tb to Y is larger than 1, and divalent ions other than Mg (for example, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn) are used as dopants. It is described that afterglow can be reduced as it is.
- baggage, etc. are subject to inspection. Since the inside of the bag can contain storage items made of various materials, it is necessary to use X-rays of energy suitable for the material of the storage item in order to clearly image the storage item.
- the characteristics required of the scintillator differ depending on the object to be measured. For this reason, it is preferable to prepare a plurality of materials having different characteristics as the fluorescent material for the scintillator. Thereby, the material corresponding to the energy of X-ray can be selected, and the application range is expanded.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a fluorescent material having high emission intensity and different energy absorption coefficients. Another object of the present invention is to provide a scintillator, a scintillator array, and a radiation detector using this fluorescent material.
- the fluorescent material of the present invention has a composition represented by (Gd 1 - ⁇ - ⁇ - ⁇ R ⁇ Ce ⁇ Tb ⁇ ) 3 + a (Al 1 -uv Ga u Sc v ) 5 -b O 12 , R is at least one of Y and Lu, and a, b, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , u, v satisfy the following range, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.8, 0.0003 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.005, 0.02 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.2, 0.27 ⁇ u ⁇ 0.75, 0 ⁇ v ⁇ 0.02
- the relative density is 99% or more, and the effective atomic number is 35 or more and 60 or less.
- R is Y, and a, b and ⁇ satisfy the following ranges: 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.1, 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ 0.8,
- the effective atomic number may be 35 or more and 50 or less.
- R is Lu; A, b and ⁇ satisfy the following ranges: 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.1, 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ 0.8,
- the effective atomic number may be 53 or more and 57 or less.
- R is Lu
- the effective atomic number may be 54 or more and 56 or less.
- ⁇ is in the following range: 0.0005 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.003 You may be satisfied.
- the v is in the following range 0.003 ⁇ v ⁇ 0.02. You may be satisfied.
- the fluorescent material includes a first fluorescent material and a second fluorescent material,
- R is Y;
- A, b and ⁇ satisfy the following ranges: 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.1, 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ 0.8,
- the effective atomic number is 35 or more and 50 or less,
- R is Lu;
- A, b and ⁇ satisfy the following ranges: 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.1, 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ 0.8,
- the effective atomic number may be 53 or more and 57 or less.
- the scintillator of the present invention includes any one of the fluorescent materials described above.
- the radiation detector of the present invention includes the scintillator and a photoelectric conversion element that converts light into an electric signal, a current value, or a voltage value.
- the scintillator array of the present invention comprises a plurality of first cells made of a first fluorescent material and arranged in a first direction, and a plurality of second cells made of a second fluorescent material and arranged in the first direction. Each of the first cells is disposed adjacent to one of the plurality of second cells in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
- the fluorescent material and the second fluorescent material are fluorescent materials defined in any of the above, and the first fluorescent material and the second fluorescent material have different energy absorption coefficients.
- Another radiation detector of the present invention includes the scintillator array and a photoelectric conversion element array including a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements having a light receiving surface, and the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements are arranged in the first direction.
- Each photoelectric conversion element includes the one first cell and the one first cell so that the light receiving surface faces one of the plurality of first cells and one of the plurality of second cells. 2 cells are adjacent to each other in a third direction orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a fluorescent material having high emission intensity and various energy absorption coefficients. Further, it is possible to provide a scintillator, a scintillator array, and a radiation detector capable of detecting radiation having energy of various intensities.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a scintillator array, where (a) shows a top view, and (b) and (c) show an AA section and a BB section in (a). It is typical sectional drawing (side surface) which shows one Embodiment of a radiation detector.
- A) is a schematic top view which shows other embodiment of a radiation detector
- (b) is a figure which shows the AA cross section in (a).
- composition The present invention of a fluorescent material, the general formula (hereinafter, referred to as the general formula (1)) :( Gd 1- ⁇ - ⁇ - ⁇ R ⁇ Ce ⁇ Tb ⁇ ) 3 + a (Al 1-uv Ga u Sc v )
- R is at least one element selected from Y and Lu.
- a, b, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , u, and v each satisfy the following relationship.
- the fluorescent material of the present invention has a relative density of 99% or more, and the effective atomic number of the fluorescent material is 35 or more and 60 or less.
- the composition ratio of oxygen is 12. This is because the fluorescent material of the present invention has a garnet structure and the composition ratio is determined based on oxygen. However, the fluorescent material of the present invention may not have a complete garnet structure. As described above, depending on the values of a and b, the fluorescent material of the present invention may have a garnet structure having oxygen deficiency or oxygen excess. In other words, regardless of whether oxygen deficiency or oxygen excess is present, when the composition formula is determined assuming that the composition ratio of oxygen is 12, the composition ratios a, b, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , u, v of the composition formula Each satisfying the relationship.
- a fluorescent material made of a garnet-type oxide is a metal oxide that is stable to radiation and is known as a fluorescent material having high emission intensity.
- Luminescence of the fluorescent material is generated by combining electrons and holes generated by X-ray excitation in luminous ions.
- the emission intensity is improved by adding Ce and Tb as light-emitting ions as compared with a composition of Ce alone or Tb alone.
- Ce and Tb When only one of Ce and Tb is added, the emission intensity is increased up to a certain addition amount.
- concentration quenching occurs and the emission intensity decreases.
- a high luminescence intensity is realized by using a garnet-type oxide having a composition containing Gd, Al, and Ga as a base material and co-adding a small amount of both the Ce and Tb luminescent elements.
- ⁇ indicating the amount of Ce is in the range of 0.0003 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.005.
- ⁇ is less than 0.0003, the number of Ce atoms that are light emitting elements is too small, so that the absorbed X-ray energy cannot be efficiently converted into light energy.
- ⁇ is larger than 0.005, the distance between Ce atoms becomes too small, and energy migration occurs (so-called concentration quenching occurs), resulting in a decrease in emission intensity.
- ⁇ indicating the amount of Tb is in the range of 0.02 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.2.
- ⁇ is less than 0.02
- the number of Tb atoms, which are light emitting elements, is too small, and thus absorbed X-ray energy cannot be efficiently converted into light energy.
- ⁇ is larger than 0.2, the distance between Tb atoms becomes too small, and energy migration occurs (so-called concentration quenching occurs), resulting in a decrease in emission intensity.
- the addition of Ce or Tb alone is the addition amount M that decreases the emission intensity
- the addition is dispersed in Ce and Tb, and the total of the addition amount of Tb and the addition amount of Ce is It was found that the emission intensity can be further increased by adding both Tb and Ce so as to be M.
- Tb and Ce have different electron transition states (Tb is a 4f-4f electron transition and Ce is a 4f-5d transition), so that a light-emitting element having a different transition energy can be added together. It is considered that electrons and holes generated by X-ray excitation can be combined without waste.
- Both the ranges of a and b are 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.1 and 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.1.
- a and b preferably take the same value, but may take different values depending on the solid solution of an impurity element such as Si or Fe contained in the raw material or a weighing error.
- an impurity element such as Si or Fe contained in the raw material or a weighing error.
- a is a negative number less than 0, ion vacancies are generated at the (Gd 1 - ⁇ - ⁇ - ⁇ R ⁇ Ce ⁇ Tb ⁇ ) site occupied by the rare earth element, and the afterglow increases. In addition, the emission intensity is extremely reduced. Therefore, a is 0 or more. In mass production, it is preferable that 0 ⁇ a, 0 ⁇ b, 0.0001 ⁇ a, and 0.0001 ⁇ b in consideration of variation in composition. However, if a and b exceed 0.1, a non-garnet type heterogeneous phase (perovskite phase GdAlO 3 ) is likely to be generated. Since this different phase has a refractive index different from that of the garnet-type phase of the base material, light scattering occurs and the emission intensity decreases.
- perovskite phase GdAlO 3 non-garnet type heterogeneous phase
- a is in the range of 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.07
- b is in the range of 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.07
- a range of a ⁇ 0.05 and 0.0001 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.05 is particularly preferable.
- ⁇ indicating the amount of R element (Y or Lu) is 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.8.
- ⁇ satisfies 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ 0.8, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ 0.8.
- the fluorescent material having the composition represented by the general formula (1) has high fluorescence emission intensity when the value of ⁇ is in the range of 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.8.
- the substitution ratio of Gd with the R element can be adjusted, and the effective atomic number of the fluorescent material can be changed.
- u is less than 0.27, the perovskite phase is precipitated and the emission intensity is lowered. In addition, the sinterability also decreases. For example, when u ⁇ 0.2, the sinterability decreases and the number of voids increases. On the other hand, when u exceeds 0.75, the light emission intensity decreases and the afterglow significantly increases. In order to obtain a particularly high relative light emission intensity, u is preferably in the range of 0.35 ⁇ u ⁇ 0.70, and more preferably in the range of 0.4 ⁇ u ⁇ 0.6.
- V indicating the amount of Sc is 0 ⁇ v ⁇ 0.02.
- Sc is an additive element that improves emission intensity and reduces afterglow.
- Ga is a +3 valence ion, but has the property of easily changing the valence to +1 valence.
- the ionic radius of Sc 3+ is larger than the ionic radius of Al 3+ and Ga 3+ , and is considered to suppress the valence change of Ga 3+ .
- v is in the range of 0.003 ⁇ v ⁇ 0.02.
- the fluorescent material obtained after sintering by adding Sc has a structure in which fine crystals are densely present.
- the probability that the expansion of cracks due to the fracture is stopped by the crystal grains increases. For this reason, the denser the fine crystals are distributed, the higher the fracture toughness and, as a result, the higher the mechanical strength.
- the average grain size of the sintered body crystal may be in any range as long as the sintered body has no pores and can achieve a sufficient density.
- it is preferable to achieve a sufficient density, and the density after sintering tends to be high. Therefore, it is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less in the powder state, and can be kept to the same level after sintering. preferable.
- the average crystal grain size of the fluorescent material can be reduced to 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the emission intensity can be equal to or higher than that of the fluorescent material of Gd 2 O 2 S: Tb.
- the relative density of the fluorescent material of the present invention is 99% or more.
- the calculation is based on the lattice constant, and in some cases, the relative density may exceed 100%. However, if it greatly exceeds, there is a high possibility that the crystal structure has changed. From the examples of the present invention, it is confirmed that the garnet structure is provided if the relative density is 102.5% or less.
- the fluorescent material of the present invention does not contain sulfur. For this reason, unlike a Gd 2 O 2 S-based fluorescent material, a high-density sintered body can be obtained by not using sulfide as a raw material, thereby increasing transmittance and realizing high emission intensity.
- the effective atomic number (effective atomic number) of the fluorescent material of the present invention is 35 or more and 60 or less.
- the effective atomic number is defined by the following formula.
- f 1 , f 2 , f 3 Indicate the ratio of the number of electrons of each element to the number of electrons of all elements in the general formula (1)
- Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 ,. ⁇ ⁇ Indicates the atomic number of each element.
- the effective atomic number of a ceramic scintillator represented by a composition formula Gd 2 O 2 S which is a fluorescent material widely used in X-ray CT radiation detectors
- the Gd—Al—Ga garnet scintillator The effective atomic number is about 52.
- a scintillator in which the energy range of absorbed X-rays is separated can be configured using a fluorescent material having an effective atomic number of 52 to 59 and a fluorescent material having an effective atomic number smaller than 52.
- the effective atomic numbers of the fluorescent materials constituting the respective scintillators are separated from each other.
- the effective atomic number depends on the composition of the material. That is, a fluorescent material capable of absorbing high energy based on the effective atomic number can be obtained when the element to be used and the composition ratio are appropriately determined and the above-described relative density is 99% or more.
- the composition R Y
- 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ 0.8 and the effective atomic number is preferably 35 or more and 50 or less, and more preferably 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ 0.8.
- the atomic number is preferably 37 or more and 45 or less.
- R Lu
- 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ 0.8 and the effective atomic number is preferably 53 or more and 57 or less.
- 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ 0.8 and the effective atomic number is 54 or more and 56.
- the following is preferable.
- a combination of fluorescent materials having a large difference in effective atomic number is easily manufactured based on the general formula (1) by determining the R element amount ⁇ in the above-described range according to the element of R. be able to.
- R Y, 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ 0.8, and the first fluorescent material having an effective atomic number of 35 to 50
- the effective atomic number of the fluorescent material can be adjusted by a, b, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , u, v indicating the element selected as R and the ratio of each element.
- the effective atomic number can be changed without greatly reducing the fluorescence emission intensity.
- the fluorescent material of the present invention has a composition represented by the general formula (1), and has a density in the above-described range, whereby high fluorescence emission intensity can be realized. Moreover, the fluorescent material which has an effective atomic number of 35 or more and 60 or less is realizable by selecting the element used as R in the range shown by General formula (1), and adjusting the composition ratio of each element. Thereby, it is possible to realize a fluorescent material having high emission intensity and different energy absorption coefficients. Therefore, the fluorescent material represented by the general formula (1) is preferably used for detection of radiation having different energy.
- the inorganic salt method is a method in which a precursor obtained by dissolving a raw material with an acid or the like is dried and sintered.
- gadolinium nitrate, yttrium nitrate or lutetium nitrate, cerium nitrate, terbium nitrate, aluminum nitrate, gallium nitrate, scandium nitrate, etc. weighed to the target composition as raw materials are dissolved in pure water to form a precursor solution.
- all starting materials may be acetate, formate, lactate, etc., or combinations thereof.
- the oxide raw material may be dissolved in an aqueous nitric acid solution or an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.
- citric acid can be added and stirred while heating to 60 ° C. to 80 ° C. to increase the viscosity by polymerization.
- a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or the like may be added to adjust the viscosity.
- a gel-like precursor adjusted to a viscosity suitable for molding is obtained.
- This precursor can be formed into a sheet by a doctor blade method or the like.
- the obtained sheet-like molded body is dried at about 100 ° C. to 150 ° C., and then the molded body is sintered in oxygen at a temperature of 1100 ° C. to 1500 ° C. for 0.5 to 5.0 hours. Let Thereby, a sheet-like fluorescent material is obtained.
- the slurry method is a method in which a slurry-like raw material is mixed with a binder and then dried and sintered.
- gadolinium oxide, yttrium oxide, lutetium oxide, cerium oxide, terbium oxide, aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, and scandium oxide which are appropriately weighed to the desired composition, fine powder of oxide raw material having an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less, alumina balls, etc.
- the mixture is put into a container together with the pulverizing medium and water or ethanol, and a wet ball mill mixing is performed using a device that rotates the container to produce a slurry.
- nitrate or the like may be used as a substance to be added in a small amount such as cerium and terbium which are luminescent ions.
- a sheet molded body can be obtained by using a sheet molding apparatus for applying the slurry on the film with a certain thickness using a blade.
- the sheet molded body is dried at about 100 ° C. to 150 ° C., and then held in oxygen at a temperature of 1100 ° C. to 1500 ° C. for 0.5 to 5.0 hours to sinter the sheet molded body. Thereby, a sheet-like fluorescent material is obtained.
- gadolinium, yttrium or lutetium, cerium, terbium, aluminum, gallium and scandium oxides, carbonates, etc. are weighed so that these elements have the target composition ratio, and a solvent is added as necessary.
- a powder fluorescent material can be obtained by pulverizing the obtained sintered product using a ball mill or the like. Moreover, you may use as a fluorescent material as it is, without grind
- Embodiment using fluorescent material A plate-like fluorescent material, a compact or a powdered fluorescent material produced by the above-described method can be used as it is as a scintillator. Further, a scintillator having a desired shape may be produced by dispersing a powdered fluorescent material in a resin and molding the resin.
- FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a scintillator array according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8A is a top view of the scintillator array 13
- FIG. 8B shows an AA cross section in FIG.
- FIG. 8C shows a BB cross section in FIG.
- the scintillator array 13 has a dual array structure including two types of scintillator arrays having different detection sensitivities, that is, energy absorption coefficients.
- the scintillator array 13 includes a three-dimensional scintillator array 10 in which a plurality of scintillators are arranged in a first direction (x direction).
- the third scintillator array 10 is orthogonal to the first direction. A plurality are arranged in the direction (y direction).
- each scintillator array 10 includes a first array 11 in which a plurality of first cells 21 made of a first fluorescent material are arranged, and a second fluorescent material.
- a second array 12 in which a plurality of second cells 22 are arranged.
- the first array 11 and the second array 12 include a resin layer 23 positioned around the plurality of first cells 21 and the plurality of second cells 22, respectively.
- each first cell 21 of the first array 11 has a plurality of second cells of the second array 12 in a second direction (z direction) orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction. It is arranged adjacent to one of 22.
- the heights of the first cell 21 and the second cell 22 in the second direction are h1 and h2, respectively.
- the heights h1 and h2 of the first cell 21 and the second cell 22 can be determined according to the intensity of the radiation to be detected.
- the first array 11 has an incident surface 11a on which X-rays are incident and a detection surface 11c for detecting fluorescence from the plurality of first cells 21. On the detection surface 11c, one surface of each of the plurality of first cells 21 is exposed.
- the second array 12 has an incident surface 12a on which X-rays are incident and a detection surface 12c for detecting fluorescence from the plurality of second cells 22. One surface of each of the plurality of second cells 22 is exposed on the detection surface 12c.
- the detection surface 11c of the first array 11 and the incident surface 12a of the second array 12 are opposed to each other.
- the X-rays incident from the incident surface 11 a of the first array 11 pass through the first cell 21. At this time, part of the X-ray is absorbed, and the first cell 21 emits fluorescence. The X-rays that have not been absorbed exit from the detection surface 11 c and enter the second cell 22 from the incident surface 12 a of the second array 12. The second cell 22 absorbs X-rays and emits fluorescence. Therefore, the fluorescence in the first cell 21 and the second cell 22 can be detected by disposing photoelectric conversion elements that detect fluorescence on the detection surface 11c and the detection surface 12c, respectively.
- the first fluorescent material and the second fluorescent material are represented by the general formula (1) and have different compositions.
- the energy absorption coefficient of the first fluorescent material is the second fluorescence.
- the energy absorption coefficient of the material is preferably smaller.
- the scintillator array 13 can be manufactured by the following method, for example. First, a first fluorescent material and a second fluorescent material having different energy absorption coefficients are produced. This is achieved by using the general formula (1), for example, by making ⁇ different in the composition formula (1), or making different Y and Lu different as the element R, thereby making the first fluorescent material and the second fluorescent material different.
- the composition of the material can be determined.
- a plurality of first cells 21 and a plurality of second cells 22 are produced from the first fluorescent material and the second fluorescent material by firing. A plurality of first cells 21 are arranged at predetermined intervals, and the periphery is hardened with a resin 23 to produce the first array 11.
- the second array 12 is produced by arranging a plurality of second cells 22 at predetermined intervals and hardening the periphery with a resin 23. By laminating these, the scintillator array 13 is completed.
- the energy absorption coefficient of the first fluorescent material constituting the first cell 21 is smaller than the energy absorption coefficient of the second fluorescent material constituting the second cell 22.
- parts such as blood vessels and muscles in a subject tend to absorb soft X-rays having relatively low energy and transmit hard X-rays having relatively high energy compared to parts such as bones.
- parts such as bones tend to absorb hard X-rays having relatively large energy compared to parts such as blood vessels and muscles. For this reason, when a subject is imaged using either soft X-rays or hard X-rays, one of the parts such as blood vessels and muscles and the part such as bones is clearly imaged, and the other is clearly displayed. It may not be imaged.
- the scintillator array 13 it is possible to obtain clear images of both parts such as blood vessels and muscles and parts such as bones.
- a plurality of X-rays having different energy intensity distributions such as soft X-rays and hard X-rays, are irradiated onto the subject at the same time or at different times, and are incident on the scintillator array 13. Since the energy absorption coefficient of the first cell 21 is small, only the low energy X-rays are absorbed in the first cell 21, and the high energy X-rays are transmitted without being absorbed so much. High energy X-rays transmitted through the first cell 21 enter the second cell 22.
- the energy absorption coefficient of the second fluorescent material is relatively larger than that of the first fluorescent material, the X-rays that have passed through the first cell 21 and entered the second cell 22 are incident on the second cell 22. Absorbed in. Therefore, the second cell 22 emits fluorescence corresponding to the intensity distribution of energy other than the X-rays absorbed by the first cell 21. Therefore, the X-ray image detected in the first cell 21 clearly shows a site such as a blood vessel or muscle. The X-ray image detected in the second cell 22 clearly shows a part such as a bone. By synthesizing these two images, it is possible to obtain an image in which both a site such as a blood vessel and a muscle and a site such as a bone are clearly shown.
- the scintillator array 13 it is possible to detect X-rays having different energies with one scintillator array 13. Moreover, the 1st fluorescent material and 2nd fluorescent material which absorb suitably the X-ray of different energy of the scintillator array 13 can be manufactured using the same general formula (1).
- the scintillator array 13 shown in FIG. 8 is a two-dimensional array in which the first cells 21 and the second cells 22 are arranged in the first direction (x direction) and the third direction (y direction).
- the scintillator array of the invention is not limited to a two-dimensional array.
- the scintillator array 10 may be used alone as a one-dimensional array array.
- plate-like fluorescent materials compacts or powdered fluorescent materials are used as they are as scintillators
- radiation is obtained by arranging photoelectric conversion elements that detect fluorescence of the fluorescent materials adjacent to these fluorescent materials.
- a detector can be constructed.
- a plate-like fluorescent material a two-dimensional photoelectric conversion element array may be used.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a dual array structure radiation detector 14 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the radiation detector 14 includes the scintillator array 13 and a plurality of photoelectric conversion element arrays 31 and 32 shown in FIG.
- Each of the photoelectric conversion element arrays 31 and 32 includes, for example, a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in the first direction (x direction).
- the photoelectric conversion element may be a photodiode such as a silicon photodiode, for example.
- the photoelectric conversion element array 31 is disposed between the detection surface 11 c of the first array 11 and the incident surface 12 a of the second array 12, and the photoelectric conversion element array 31.
- the light receiving surface 31a faces the detection surface 11c.
- the photoelectric conversion element array 32 is disposed on the detection surface 12c of the second array 12, and the light receiving surface 32a faces the detection surface 12c.
- the radiation detector 14 since the energy absorption coefficients of the first fluorescent material constituting the first cell 21 and the second fluorescent material constituting the second cell 22 are different, X-rays having different energies are 1 It is possible to detect with two radiation detectors 14. Therefore, if the radiation detector 14 is used, X-rays of a plurality of different energies can be used for living bodies including different internal tissues, inspected objects composed of different materials, baggage containing articles of different materials, and the like. By irradiating and detecting with X, it is possible to obtain an X-ray image showing the internal structure more clearly.
- the radiation detector 14 shown in FIG. 9 is a two-dimensional array in which a first cell 21 and a second cell 22 are arranged in a first direction (x direction) and a third direction (y direction).
- a one-dimensional array radiation detector may be configured using the one-dimensional array scintillator array 10 and the photoelectric conversion element arrays 31 and 32.
- the X-ray transmitted through the first cell 21 made of the first fluorescent material does not pass through the photoelectric conversion element, and the second fluorescent material made of the second fluorescent material is used.
- the photoelectric conversion element array may be arranged so as to be incident on the second cell 22.
- the radiation detector 15 shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B includes a plurality of one-dimensional array scintillator arrays 10 ′ and a plurality of photoelectric conversion element arrays 33.
- the scintillator array 10 ′ has a structure in which the first array 11 and the second array 12 of the one-dimensional array scintillator array 10 shown in FIG. 8 are joined.
- the scintillator array 10 ' has an incident surface 10'a and a detection surface 10'b perpendicular to the incident surface 10'a.
- the photoelectric conversion element array 33 is arranged adjacent to the scintillator array 10 ′ in the third direction (y direction). On the detection surface 10′b of the scintillator array 10 ′, one surface of each of the plurality of first cells 21 and second cells 22 is exposed, and the light receiving surface 33a of the photoelectric conversion element array 33 is the detection surface 10. It is opposite to 'b in the third direction.
- the light receiving surface 33 a of the photoelectric conversion element array 33 is parallel to the X-ray transmission direction, and the X-ray incident from the incident surface 10 ′ a of the scintillator array 10 ′ is the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion element array 33. 33a is not transmitted. For this reason, the damage to a photoelectric conversion element can be made small by not transmitting X-rays on a photoelectric conversion element array.
- the dual array scintillator and the dual array radiation detector constituted by two fluorescent materials having different energy absorption coefficients have been described.
- the scintillator multi-array and the multi-array radiation detector may be realized using three or more fluorescent materials having different energy absorption coefficients.
- Example 4 The relationship between Ce amount, Tb amount and relative light emission intensity was examined.
- the scintillator emits light when electrons and holes generated by X-ray excitation are combined in the luminescent ions.
- the luminescent ions are two elements of Ce and Tb.
- Ce amount ⁇ The relationship between Ce amount ⁇ and relative emission intensity will be described.
- Gadolinium oxide, yttrium oxide, terbium oxide, cerium nitrate (cerium oxide may be used; the same applies hereinafter), aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, and scandium oxide were weighed so that the composition formula shown in Table 1 was obtained.
- the Ce amount ⁇ was set to 0, 0.00033, 0.00066, 0.0010, 0.0017, 0.0033, 0.0050, and 0.0066 in the following composition formula.
- These raw material powders were put in a resin pot, and wet ball mill mixing was performed using alumina balls for 40 hours to prepare a raw material slurry. The produced slurry was dried, press-molded into a flat plate shape, and fired in oxygen.
- the composition of the fluorescent material thus obtained was identified by ICP-AES analysis (high frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, manufactured by PerkinElmer: OPTIMA-3300XL), and it was confirmed that the fluorescent material had the composition shown in Table 1. did it.
- the effective atomic number was calculated using the composition shown in Table 1, it was 50.7 to 50.8.
- the firing temperature was determined such that the relative density was 99% or more, and the relative density of the actually obtained fluorescent material was 99% or more.
- the average crystal grain size was about 3 ⁇ m.
- Fig. 1 shows the relationship between Ce amount ⁇ and relative light emission intensity.
- the relative light emission intensity in FIG. 1 is a value (%) when the light emission intensity of Gd 2 O 2 S: Tb is 100%.
- the emission intensity was measured using a silicon photodiode (S2281 manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics). The emission intensity of the following examples was also measured in the same manner.
- a relative emission intensity greater than 100% was obtained when the value of ⁇ was in the range of 0.0003 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.005.
- Ce improves the light emission intensity even in a small amount, so that the light emission intensity can be sufficiently increased if ⁇ is 0.0003 or more.
- a relative emission intensity of 105% or more is obtained, and in the range of 0.0005 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.003, a relative emission intensity of 110% or more is obtained. It was.
- Tb amount ⁇ Gadolinium oxide, yttrium oxide, terbium oxide, cerium nitrate, aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, and scandium oxide were weighed so that the composition formula shown in Table 2 was obtained. At that time, the Tb amount ⁇ was set to 0, 0.01, 0.017, 0.033, 0.05, 0.066, 0.10, 0.13, 0.20 in the following composition formula. . These raw material powders were put in a resin pot, and wet ball mill mixing was performed using alumina balls for 40 hours to prepare a raw material slurry. The produced slurry was dried, press-molded into a flat plate shape, and fired in oxygen. Firing was performed at 1660 ° C.
- the composition of the fluorescent material thus obtained was identified by ICP-AES analysis, it was confirmed that the fluorescent material had the composition shown in Table 2.
- the effective atomic number was calculated using the composition shown in Table 2, it was 50.7 to 50.9.
- the firing temperature was determined such that the relative density was 99% or more, and the relative density of the actually obtained fluorescent material was 99% or more.
- the average crystal grain size was about 3 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 2A shows the relationship between the Tb amount ⁇ and the relative light emission intensity.
- FIG. 2A shows the case where the addition amount ⁇ of Ce is 0.001, and from FIG. 1, when the addition amount ⁇ of Ce is 0.001, The emission intensity of the fluorescent material is the highest. Therefore, FIG. 2A shows that even when Ce is contained under the condition where the emission intensity is highest, the emission intensity can be further increased by adding Tb, and the addition amount ⁇ of Tb is about 0.05. It shows that the emission intensity is the highest.
- FIG. 1 shows a case where the addition amount ⁇ of Tb is 0.05
- FIG. 1 shows that even when Tb is included under the condition that the emission intensity is highest, Ce is By adding, the emission intensity can be further increased, and the emission intensity becomes highest when the addition amount ⁇ of Ce is about 0.001.
- Tb amount ⁇ Gadolinium oxide, yttrium oxide, terbium oxide, cerium nitrate, aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, and scandium oxide were weighed so that the composition formula shown in Table 3 was obtained. At that time, Tb amount ⁇ was set to 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.199 in the following composition formula. These raw material powders were put in a resin pot, and wet ball mill mixing was performed using alumina balls for 40 hours to prepare a raw material slurry. The produced slurry was dried, press-molded into a flat plate shape, and fired in oxygen. Firing was performed at 1700 ° C.
- Example 2 The relationship between the Y amount and the Lu amount and the relative emission intensity, effective number, relative density, and energy absorption coefficient was examined. Gadolinium oxide, yttrium oxide or lutetium oxide, terbium oxide, cerium nitrate, aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, and scandium oxide were weighed so that the composition formula shown in Table 4 was obtained. At that time, the Y amount ⁇ was set to 0.033, 0.325, 0.617, 0.783, and 0.949 in the following composition formula. The Lu amount ⁇ was set to 0, 0.285, 0.617, 0.783, and 0.949 in the following composition formula.
- the effective atomic number was determined by the above formula.
- the actually measured density of the obtained fluorescent material was determined by a submerged weighing method using water based on Archimedes' principle.
- the relative density was obtained by dividing the measured density by the theoretical density.
- the energy absorption coefficient was determined by analyzing the composition by ICP, determining the linear energy absorption coefficient from the composition, and dividing the linear energy absorption coefficient by the density.
- FIG. 3A shows the relationship between the Y amount and the relative light emission intensity. Further, FIG. 3B shows the relationship between the Lu amount and the relative light emission intensity.
- R is Y
- a relative light emission intensity of 110% or more is obtained when the value of ⁇ is in the range of 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.949.
- R is Lu
- a relative light emission intensity of 100% or more is obtained when the value of ⁇ is in the range of 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.8.
- Table 5 shows the relationship between the R amount (Y or Lu) ⁇ , the effective atomic number, the energy absorption coefficient, and the relative density.
- 3C and 3D show the relationship between the Y amount and the Lu amount and the effective atomic number, respectively.
- R is Y
- the effective atomic number decreases as ⁇ increases.
- the energy absorption coefficient also decreases as ⁇ increases.
- ⁇ is larger than 0.8
- the effective atomic number is smaller than 35 and the energy absorption coefficient is smaller than 7.
- ⁇ is preferably in the range of 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.8.
- FIG. 3C shows that the effective atomic number can be adjusted to about 37 or more and 45 or less by setting ⁇ in the range of 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ 0.8.
- the effective atomic number is not determined only by R and ⁇ , but also depends on the composition ratio of elements other than R in the general formula (1).
- the effective atomic number increases as ⁇ increases. Also, the energy absorption coefficient increases as ⁇ increases.
- ⁇ is larger than 0.8, the sintering temperature rises, it becomes difficult to obtain a sintered body having a sufficient density, and the relative light emission intensity also decreases. From FIG. 3D, it is preferable that the effective atomic number is 53 or more and 57 or less by setting ⁇ in the range of 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ 0.8, and further, 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ 0.8.
- the effective atomic number is preferably from 54 to 56.
- the effective atomic number and the energy absorption coefficient with respect to the addition amount of R can be changed while having the same crystal structure.
- Example 3 The relationship between Ga content and relative light emission intensity was examined. Gadolinium oxide, yttrium oxide, terbium oxide, cerium nitrate, aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, and scandium oxide were weighed so that the composition formula shown in Table 6 was obtained. At that time, the Ga amount u is 0.232, 0.293, 0.333, 0.373, 0.413, 0.453, 0.493, 0.573, 0.593, 0. 693, 0.754, and 0.794. These raw material powders were put in a resin pot, and wet ball mill mixing was performed using alumina balls for 40 hours to prepare a raw material slurry. The produced slurry was dried, press-molded into a flat plate shape, and fired in oxygen.
- Firing was performed at 1660 ° C. for 12 hours.
- the composition of the obtained fluorescent material was specified by ICP-AES analysis, it was confirmed that the fluorescent material had the composition shown in Table 6.
- the effective atomic number was calculated using the composition shown in Table 6, it was 49.8 to 51.2.
- the firing temperature was determined such that the relative density was 99% or more, and the relative density of the actually obtained fluorescent material was 99% or more.
- the average crystal grain size was about 3 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the Ga content and the relative light emission intensity.
- Example 4 (Gd 1 - ⁇ - ⁇ - ⁇ Y ⁇ Ce ⁇ Tb ⁇ ) 3 + a (Al 1 -uv Ga u Sc v ) 5-b O 12 , the relationship between the values of a and b and the relative emission intensity Examined. Note that a and b have the same value. Gadolinium oxide, yttrium oxide, terbium oxide, cerium nitrate, aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, and scandium oxide were weighed so that the composition formula shown in Table 7 was obtained. At that time, a and b were set to ⁇ 0.01, 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.20 in the following composition formula.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the values of a and b and the relative light emission intensity.
- Example 5 The relationship between the value of ⁇ and the relative light emission intensity was examined when Lu was used instead of Y and when both Y and Lu were used.
- Gadolinium oxide, yttrium oxide, lutetium oxide, terbium oxide, cerium nitrate, aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, and scandium oxide were weighed so that the three compositional formulas shown in Table 8 were obtained.
- These raw material powders were put in a resin pot, and wet ball mill mixing was performed using alumina balls for 40 hours to prepare a raw material slurry.
- the produced slurry was dried, press-molded into a flat plate shape, and fired in oxygen. Firing was performed at 1660 ° C. for 12 hours.
- the composition of the obtained fluorescent material was specified by ICP-AES analysis, it was confirmed that the fluorescent material had the composition shown in Table 8.
- the fluorescent materials according to these three examples like the fluorescent materials of the other examples, have a high emission of 95% or more in relative emission intensity when Gd 2 O 2 S: Tb is 100%. It was confirmed that strength was obtained.
- Example 6 The relationship between the Sc amount and the relative emission intensity was examined. Gadolinium oxide, yttrium oxide, terbium oxide, cerium nitrate, aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, and scandium oxide were weighed so that the composition formula shown in Table 9 was obtained. At that time, the Sc amount v was set to 0, 0.003, 0.006, 0.012, 0.020, and 0.025 in the following composition formula. These raw material powders were put in a resin pot, and wet ball mill mixing was performed using alumina balls for 40 hours to prepare a raw material slurry. The produced slurry was dried, press-molded into a flat plate shape, and fired in oxygen. Firing was performed at 1660 ° C. for 12 hours. Thereby, a fluorescent material was obtained.
- the composition of the fluorescent material thus obtained was identified by ICP-AES analysis, and it was confirmed that the fluorescent material had the composition shown in Table 9.
- the effective atomic number was calculated using the composition shown in Table 9, it was 50.7 to 50.8.
- the firing temperature was determined such that the relative density was 99% or more, and the relative density of the actually obtained fluorescent material was 99% or more.
- Fig. 6 shows the relationship between the Sc amount v and the relative light emission intensity.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the Sc amount of the fluorescent material obtained above and the average crystal grain size.
- Table 10 shows the amount of Sc, average crystal grain size, and emission intensity. From FIG. 7 and Table 10, if the value of v indicating the amount of Sc is 0.02 or less, it is possible to prevent the emission intensity from decreasing. If v is 0.003 or more, crystal grain growth is suppressed and the average crystal grain size can be made sufficiently small. Since the Sc raw material is expensive, the addition of a large amount preferably increases the cost and the upper limit value of v is preferably 0.02 in view of the effect of increasing the emission intensity. More preferred.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
Description
0≦a≦0.1、
0≦b≦0.1、
0≦α≦0.8、
0.0003≦β≦0.005、
0.02≦γ≦0.2、
0.27≦u≦0.75、
0≦v≦0.02
相対密度が99%以上であり、有効原子番号が35以上60以下である。
0<a≦0.1、
0<b≦0.1、
0.3<α≦0.8、
前記有効原子番号は35以上50以下であってもよい。
前記a、b、αは下記範囲を満足し、
0<a≦0.1、
0<b≦0.1、
0.3<α≦0.8、
前記有効原子番号は53以上57以下であってもよい。
a=0.01、b=0.01、
β=0.003/3.01
γ=0.15/3.01
u=1.96/4.99
v=0.03/4.99
前記αは下記範囲を満足し、
0.5<α≦0.8、
前記有効原子番号は54以上56以下であってもよい。
0.0005≦β≦0.003
を満足していてもよい。
0.003≦v≦0.02
を満足していてもよい。
前記第1の蛍光材料において、
前記RはYであり、
前記a、b、αは下記範囲を満足し、
0<a≦0.1、
0<b≦0.1、
0.3<α≦0.8、
前記有効原子番号は、35以上50以下であり、
前記第2の蛍光材料において、
前記RはLuであり、
前記a、b、αは下記範囲を満足し、
0<a≦0.1、
0<b≦0.1、
0.3<α≦0.8、
前記有効原子番号は53以上57以下であってもよい。
本発明は、一般式(以下、一般式(1)と呼ぶ):(Gd1-α-β-γRαCeβTbγ)3+a(Al1-u-vGauScv)5-bO12(RはYおよびLuから選択される少なくとも一つの元素)で表される組成を有する蛍光材料である。ここで、a、b、α、β、γ、u、vはそれぞれ、以下の関係を満たしている。
0≦a≦0.1、
0≦b≦0.1、
0≦α≦0.8、
0.0003≦β≦0.005、
0.02≦γ≦0.2、
0.27≦u≦0.75、
0≦v≦0.02
以下、蛍光材料の製造方法の一例を説明する。本発明はこれに限定されない。
無機塩法とは、原料を酸などにより溶解した前駆体を乾燥し、焼結する方法である。
スラリー法とは、スラリー状にした原料をバインダーと混ぜた後に乾燥し、焼結する方法である。
粉体の蛍光材料を得る場合には、一般的なセラミックス焼成体を製造する方法を用いることができる。
[シンチレータ]
上述した方法によって作製した板状の蛍光材料、成形体または粉体の蛍光材料を、そのままのシンチレータとして用いることができる。また、粉体の蛍光材料を樹脂に分散させ、樹脂を成形することによって、所望の形状を有するシンチレータを作製してもよい。
図8に、本発明によるシンチレータアレイの一実施形態を示す。図8(a)は、シンチレータアレイ13の上面図であり、図8(b)は図8(a)におけるA-A断面を示す。また、図8(c)は、図8(a)におけるB-B断面を示す。
シンチレータと、光を電気信号、電流値または電圧値に変換する光電変換素子を組み合わせることによって、高感度、高解像度かつ放射線劣化の小さい放射線検出器を作製することができる。
(実施例1)
Ce量、Tb量と相対発光強度の関係を調べた。
R=Y、α=0.797の場合の、Tb量γと相対発光強度の関係を図2Bに示す。
Y量およびLu量と相対発光強度、有効番号、相対密度およびエネルギー吸収係数との関係を調べた。表4に示す組成式になるように、酸化ガドリニウム、酸化イットリウムまたは酸化ルテチウム、酸化テルビウム、硝酸セリウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化ガリウム、酸化スカンジウムを秤量した。その際、Y量αが下記組成式で、0.033、0.325、0.617、0.783、0.949となるようにした。また、Lu量αが下記組成式で、0、0.285、0.617、0.783、0.949となるようにした。樹脂製のポットにこれらの原料粉を入れ、アルミナボールを用いて湿式ボールミル混合を60時間行い、原料スラリーを作製した。作製したスラリーを乾燥後、平板状にプレス成型し、酸素中にて焼成を行った。焼成は1660℃から1700℃のいずれかの温度で12時間保持にて行った。これにより得られた蛍光材料をICP-AES分析により組成を特定したところ、表4に示す組成の蛍光材料であることが確認できた。平均結晶粒径は約3.5~8.1μmであった。
Ga量と相対発光強度の関係を調べた。表6に示す組成式になるように、酸化ガドリニウム、酸化イットリウム、酸化テルビウム、硝酸セリウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化ガリウム、酸化スカンジウムを秤量した。その際、Ga量uが下記組成式で、0.232、0.293、0.333、0.373、0.413、0.453、0.493、0.573、0.593、0.693、0.754、0.794となるようにした。樹脂製のポットにこれらの原料粉を入れ、アルミナボールを用いて湿式ボールミル混合を40時間行い、原料スラリーを作製した。作製したスラリーを乾燥後、平板状にプレス成型し、酸素中にて焼成を行った。焼成は1660℃で12時間保持にて行った。これにより得られた蛍光材料をICP-AES分析により組成を特定したところ、表6に示す組成の蛍光材料であることが確認できた。表6の組成を用いて有効原子番号を計算すると49.8~51.2であった。焼成温度は相対密度が99%以上となるように決めており、実際に得られた蛍光材料の相対密度は99%以上であった。平均結晶粒径は約3μmであった。
(Gd1-α-β-γYαCeβTbγ)3+a(Al1-u-vGauScv)5-bO12の組成において、a、bの値と相対発光強度の関係を調べた。なお、aとbは同じ値とした。表7に示す組成式となるように、酸化ガドリニウム、酸化イットリウム、酸化テルビウム、硝酸セリウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化ガリウム、酸化スカンジウムを秤量した。その際、a、bが下記組成式で、-0.01、0、0.01、0.02、0.05、0.1、0.15、0.20となるようにした。樹脂製のポットにこれらの原料粉を入れ、アルミナボールを用いて湿式ボールミル混合を40時間行い、原料スラリーを作製した。作製したスラリーを乾燥後、平板状にプレス成型し、酸素中にて焼成を行った。焼成は1660℃で12時間保持にて行った。これにより得られた蛍光材料をICP-AES分析により組成を特定したところ、表7に示す組成の蛍光材料であることが確認できた。表7の組成を用いて有効原子番号を計算すると50.7~50.8であった。焼成温度は相対密度が99%以上となるように決めており、実際に得られた蛍光材料の相対密度は99%以上であった。平均結晶粒径は約3μmであった。
Yの代わりにLuを用いた場合とY及びLuの両方を用いた場合について、αの値と相対発光強度の関係を調べた。
Sc量と相対発光強度の関係を調べた。表9に示す組成式となるように、酸化ガドリニウム、酸化イットリウム、酸化テルビウム、硝酸セリウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化ガリウム、酸化スカンジウムを秤量した。その際、Sc量vが下記組成式で、0、0.003、0.006、0.012、0.020、0.025となるようにした。樹脂製のポットにこれらの原料粉を入れ、アルミナボールを用いて湿式ボールミル混合を40時間行い、原料スラリーを作製した。作製したスラリーを乾燥後、平板状にプレス成型し、酸素中にて焼成を行った。焼成条件は1660℃で12時間保持にて行った。これにより蛍光材料を得た。
11 第1のアレイ
10’a、11a、12a 入射面
11c、10’b、12c 検出面
12 第2のアレイ
14、15 放射線検出器
21 第1のセル
22 第2のセル
23 樹脂層
31、32、33 光電変換素子アレイ
31a、32a、33a 受光面
Claims (12)
- (Gd1-α-β-γRαCeβTbγ)3+a(Al1-u-vGauScv)5-bO12で表される組成を有し、
前記RはYおよびLuの少なくとも一方であり、
前記a、b、α、β、γ、u、vが下記範囲を満足し、
0≦a≦0.1、
0≦b≦0.1、
0≦α≦0.8、
0.0003≦β≦0.005、
0.02≦γ≦0.2、
0.27≦u≦0.75、
0≦v≦0.02
相対密度が99%以上であり、
有効原子番号が35以上60以下である蛍光材料。 - 前記RはYであり、
前記a、b、αは下記範囲を満足し、
0<a≦0.1、
0<b≦0.1、
0.3<α≦0.8、
前記有効原子番号は35以上50以下である請求項1に記載の蛍光材料。 - 前記RはLuであり、
前記a、b、αは下記範囲を満足し、
0<a≦0.1、
0<b≦0.1、
0.3<α≦0.8、
前記有効原子番号は53以上57以下である請求項1に記載の蛍光材料。 - 前記RはLuであり、
前記a、b、β、γ、u、vは下記数値を満足し、
a=0.01、b=0.01、
β=0.003/3.01
γ=0.15/3.01
u=1.96/4.99
v=0.03/4.99
前記αは下記範囲を満足し、
0.5<α≦0.8、
前記有効原子番号は54以上56以下である請求項1に記載の蛍光材料。 - 前記βは下記範囲を満足する
0.0005≦β≦0.003
請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の蛍光材料。 - 前記vは下記範囲を満足する
0.003≦v≦0.02
請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の蛍光材料。 - 前記a、bはa=bである請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の蛍光材料。
- 前記蛍光材料は第1の蛍光材料と第2の蛍光材料とを含み、
前記第1の蛍光材料において、
前記RはYであり、
前記a、b、αは下記範囲を満足し、
0<a≦0.1、
0<b≦0.1、
0.3<α≦0.8、
前記有効原子番号は、35以上50以下であり、
前記第2の蛍光材料において、
前記RはLuであり、
前記a、b、αは下記範囲を満足し、
0<a≦0.1、
0<b≦0.1、
0.3<α≦0.8、
前記有効原子番号は53以上57以下である、
請求項1に記載の蛍光材料。 - 請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の蛍光材料を含むシンチレータ。
- 請求項9に記載のシンチレータと、
光を電気信号、電流値または電圧値に変換する光電変換素子と
を備えた放射線検出器。 - 第1の蛍光材料からなり、第1の方向に配列された複数の第1のセルと、
第2の蛍光材料からなり、前記第1の方向に配列された複数の第2のセルと、
を備え、
各第1のセルは、前記複数の第2のセルの1つと前記第1の方向に垂直な第2の方向において隣接するように配置されており、
前記第1の蛍光材料および前記第2の蛍光材料はそれぞれ請求項1から7のいずれかに規定される蛍光材料であり、
前記第1の蛍光材料および前記第2の蛍光材料は互いに異なるエネルギー吸収係数を備える、シンチレータアレイ。 - 請求項11に記載のシンチレータアレイと、
受光面を有し、複数の光電変換素子を含む光電変換素子アレイと
を備え、
前記複数の光電変換素子は前記第1の方向に配列されており、各光電変換素子は、前記受光面が前記複数の第1のセルの1つおよび前記複数の第2のセルの1つと対向するように、前記1つの第1のセルおよび前記1つの第2のセルと、前記第1の方向および前記第2の方向に直交する第3の方向において隣接して位置している、放射線検出器。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201580052427.9A CN106715646B (zh) | 2014-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | 荧光材料、闪烁体、闪烁体阵列以及放射线检测器 |
US15/515,165 US10562785B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | Fluorescent material, scintillator, scintillator array, and radiation detector |
JP2016552115A JP6394705B2 (ja) | 2014-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | 蛍光材料、シンチレータ、シンチレータアレイ、並びに放射線検出器 |
EP15848024.4A EP3202874B1 (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | Fluorescent material, scintillator, scintillator array, and radiation detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014-199755 | 2014-09-30 | ||
JP2014199755 | 2014-09-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016052616A1 true WO2016052616A1 (ja) | 2016-04-07 |
Family
ID=55630641
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2015/077738 WO2016052616A1 (ja) | 2014-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | 蛍光材料、シンチレータ、シンチレータアレイ、並びに放射線検出器 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10562785B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3202874B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6394705B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106715646B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016052616A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018105864A (ja) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-07-05 | 同方威視技術股▲分▼有限公司 | デュアル・エネルギー検出器及び放射線検査システム |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10684380B2 (en) * | 2008-05-22 | 2020-06-16 | W. Davis Lee | Multiple scintillation detector array imaging apparatus and method of use thereof |
CN107879373A (zh) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-04-06 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | 铈锌双掺gagg纳米粉体及其制备方法 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102168307A (zh) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-08-31 | 蔡鸿 | 铈钇铝石榴石晶体生长方法 |
JP2012072330A (ja) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-12 | Toshiba Corp | 固体シンチレータ用材料、固体シンチレータ、およびそれを用いた放射線検出器並びに放射線検査装置 |
JP2012072331A (ja) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-12 | Toshiba Corp | 固体シンチレータ用材料、固体シンチレータ、およびそれを用いた放射線検出器並びに放射線検査装置 |
WO2012057133A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | 日立金属株式会社 | 軟x線検出用多結晶シンチレータ |
WO2012105202A1 (ja) * | 2011-01-31 | 2012-08-09 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | シンチレータ用ガーネット型結晶、及びこれを用いた放射線検出器 |
WO2013047193A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-28 | 2013-04-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 放射線画像撮影システム |
WO2013136804A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-19 | 株式会社 東芝 | 固体シンチレータ、放射線検出器、および放射線検査装置 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10330595A1 (de) * | 2003-07-07 | 2005-02-17 | Siemens Ag | Röntgendetektor und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Röntgenbildern mit spektraler Auflösung |
CN101084290B (zh) | 2004-12-21 | 2012-07-18 | 日立金属株式会社 | 荧光材料以及其制造方法,使用荧光材料的放射线检测器,与x射线ct装置 |
JP2008013607A (ja) * | 2006-07-03 | 2008-01-24 | Fujifilm Corp | Tb含有発光性化合物、これを含む発光性組成物と発光体、発光素子、固体レーザ装置 |
JP5311241B2 (ja) | 2011-02-16 | 2013-10-09 | 日立金属株式会社 | 多結晶シンチレータ及びその製造方法並びに放射線検出器 |
US9145517B2 (en) | 2012-04-17 | 2015-09-29 | General Electric Company | Rare earth garnet scintillator and method of making same |
JP6103042B2 (ja) | 2013-04-12 | 2017-03-29 | 日立金属株式会社 | 蛍光材料、シンチレータ、並びに放射線変換パネル |
-
2015
- 2015-09-30 EP EP15848024.4A patent/EP3202874B1/en active Active
- 2015-09-30 US US15/515,165 patent/US10562785B2/en active Active
- 2015-09-30 CN CN201580052427.9A patent/CN106715646B/zh active Active
- 2015-09-30 WO PCT/JP2015/077738 patent/WO2016052616A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-09-30 JP JP2016552115A patent/JP6394705B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012072330A (ja) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-12 | Toshiba Corp | 固体シンチレータ用材料、固体シンチレータ、およびそれを用いた放射線検出器並びに放射線検査装置 |
JP2012072331A (ja) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-12 | Toshiba Corp | 固体シンチレータ用材料、固体シンチレータ、およびそれを用いた放射線検出器並びに放射線検査装置 |
WO2012057133A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | 日立金属株式会社 | 軟x線検出用多結晶シンチレータ |
WO2012105202A1 (ja) * | 2011-01-31 | 2012-08-09 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | シンチレータ用ガーネット型結晶、及びこれを用いた放射線検出器 |
CN102168307A (zh) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-08-31 | 蔡鸿 | 铈钇铝石榴石晶体生长方法 |
WO2013047193A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-28 | 2013-04-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 放射線画像撮影システム |
WO2013136804A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-19 | 株式会社 東芝 | 固体シンチレータ、放射線検出器、および放射線検査装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP3202874A4 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018105864A (ja) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-07-05 | 同方威視技術股▲分▼有限公司 | デュアル・エネルギー検出器及び放射線検査システム |
US10386502B2 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2019-08-20 | Nuctech Company Limited | Dual energy detector and radiation inspection system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10562785B2 (en) | 2020-02-18 |
EP3202874B1 (en) | 2020-07-01 |
JP6394705B2 (ja) | 2018-09-26 |
CN106715646A (zh) | 2017-05-24 |
EP3202874A4 (en) | 2018-07-04 |
CN106715646B (zh) | 2020-09-15 |
EP3202874A1 (en) | 2017-08-09 |
US20170217784A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
JPWO2016052616A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8431042B2 (en) | Solid state scintillator material, solid state scintillator, radiation detector, and radiation inspection apparatus | |
US9193903B2 (en) | Solid scintillator, radiation detector, and radiation examination device | |
CN101253128B (zh) | 稀土氧硫化物闪烁体及其生产方法 | |
US8815122B2 (en) | Polycrystalline scintillator for detecting soft X-rays | |
JP6103042B2 (ja) | 蛍光材料、シンチレータ、並びに放射線変換パネル | |
JP6394705B2 (ja) | 蛍光材料、シンチレータ、シンチレータアレイ、並びに放射線検出器 | |
WO2002050211A1 (en) | Oxide phosphor and radiation detector using it, and x-ray ct device | |
JP5269634B2 (ja) | 固体シンチレータ、放射線検出器、放射線検査装置、固体シンチレータ製造用粉末および固体シンチレータの製造方法 | |
JP6776671B2 (ja) | 蛍光材料、セラミックシンチレータおよび放射線検出器、並びに蛍光材料の製造方法 | |
WO2022202500A1 (ja) | シンチレータおよび放射線検出器 | |
JP5572049B2 (ja) | 固体シンチレータ用材料、固体シンチレータ、およびそれを用いた放射線検出器並びに放射線検査装置 | |
WO2021132494A1 (ja) | シンチレータおよび放射線検出器 | |
WO2021149670A1 (ja) | シンチレータおよび放射線検出器 | |
JP2021102716A (ja) | シンチレータおよび放射線検出器 | |
JP2021102715A (ja) | シンチレータおよび放射線検出器 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 15848024 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016552115 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15515165 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2015848024 Country of ref document: EP |