WO2016045365A1 - 一种含有驾驶员模型的智能驾驶系统 - Google Patents
一种含有驾驶员模型的智能驾驶系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016045365A1 WO2016045365A1 PCT/CN2015/076612 CN2015076612W WO2016045365A1 WO 2016045365 A1 WO2016045365 A1 WO 2016045365A1 CN 2015076612 W CN2015076612 W CN 2015076612W WO 2016045365 A1 WO2016045365 A1 WO 2016045365A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of automobiles, and in particular to an intelligent driving system, a vehicle, and a vehicle driving method including a driver model.
- driver assistance systems are widely used in automotive control areas, such as anti-lock Braking System (ABS), electronic power steering (EPS, Electric). Power Steering), Traction Control System (TCS, Traction Control System), etc.
- ABS anti-lock Braking System
- EPS electronic power steering
- TCS Traction Control System
- the setting parameters of most automotive electronic control systems are fixed, and the design of automotive electronic control systems is usually from the perspective of vehicle dynamics, ignoring the role of the driver when driving the vehicle, it cannot be detected.
- the driver's operational intent and driving needs are less able to satisfy each driver's driving preferences (such as power, comfort and safety).
- the performance requirements of the different drivers are different when the curve passes, as the turning radius is different.
- some drivers hope to bias the vehicle through the curve, so it is necessary to increase the adhesion between the tire and the ground, that is, to increase the damping of the suspension, thereby improving the handling of the vehicle;
- the player hopes to bias the comfort of the vehicle when cornering, and thus needs to reduce the suspension damping of the vehicle, thereby improving the comfort of the vehicle.
- the current suspension system (including active suspension and semi-active suspension) can cope with complex road surfaces and provide vehicle comfort and passability, it cannot increase or decrease the suspension system of the vehicle according to the driver's driving personality requirements. Stiffness, and neglecting the different needs of different drivers for the suspension system (eg, under the same road conditions, the young driver prefers to pass, that is, the suspension damping needs to be improved; while the older driver prefers comfort, That is, it is necessary to reduce the suspension damping).
- the present invention aims to provide an intelligent driving system containing a driver model. It can adjust the performance of the vehicle according to different driving preferences of the driver.
- an intelligent driving system including a driver model
- the system including a driver model module that adjusts performance of the vehicle based on driver's driving characteristics and road environment information .
- the driver's driving characteristics include the driver's driving preference (such as biased towards vehicle comfort or power, biased towards caring or lane changing behavior, etc.)
- the road environment information includes visual information related to the driver's operation of the vehicle, for example The adhesion coefficient of the road surface, the width and curvature of the road, the slope of the road, and the traffic flow of the road.
- an intelligent driving system including a driver model
- the system comprising: a road environment detecting module, a driver operation detecting module, a vehicle system module, and a driver model module;
- the road environment detecting module is configured to detect road environment information, wherein the road environment information includes visual information related to the driver operating the vehicle, such as an adhesion coefficient of the road surface, a width and a radius of the road, a slope of the road, and a traffic flow of the road;
- the driver operation detecting module is configured to detect driver operation data including tactile information related to the driver operating the vehicle, such as a feedback torque of the steering wheel, operations on the brake/accelerator pedal, the clutch, the transmission, and the like; a vehicle system module for outputting a motion parameter of the vehicle; the driver model module collecting road environment information detected by the road environment detecting module, driver operating data detected by the driver operation detecting module, and The motion of the vehicle output by the vehicle system module And obtaining a desired parameter value required for driving by analyzing the road environment
- a vehicle including the aforementioned intelligent driving system is provided.
- a vehicle driving method which employs the aforementioned intelligent driving system in driving a vehicle.
- the driver's "road sense” (visual and tactile information) can be taken into account during the driving of the vehicle, the driver model is established, and the driver model is used to identify and predict the driving. Operational intent and driving needs, and based on the identification And predicting the results, making reasonable real-time modifications to the corresponding parameters of the electronic control system, so that the performance of the vehicle can meet the individual needs and safety requirements of the driver, and realize the seamless cooperation function between “people and vehicles” to adjust the performance of the vehicle.
- vehicle adaptation to people to people.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of an intelligent driving system including a driver model according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 2a and 2b are schematic views showing the installation of a road environment detecting device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a control flow diagram of a smart suspension system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention proposes a smart driving with two characteristics of "recognition and prediction” and "adaptive”. system.
- the intelligent driving system not only has the function of “recognizing” the driver's driving characteristics, but also has the function of “adaptive” to predict the driving intention and meet the individual needs of the driver, thereby reducing the driver's driving operation intensity and fatigue level, thereby improving The driver's driving safety and comfort performance reduce traffic accidents.
- an intelligent driving system in accordance with the present invention includes a driver model module that can adjust the performance of the vehicle based on driver's driving characteristics and road environment information.
- the driver's driving characteristics include the driver's driving preferences, such as age, drunkenness, physical fatigue, speed of reaction, and the like.
- the road environment information includes visual information such as the adhesion coefficient of the road surface, the width and curvature of the road, the slope of the road, and the traffic flow of the road.
- an intelligent driving system includes a road environment detecting module, a driver operation detecting module, a vehicle system module, and a driver model module.
- the road environment detecting module is configured to detect road environment information, and the road environment detecting module may include Including a ranging radar and a camera, the road environment information includes visual information related to the driver operating the vehicle;
- the driver operation detecting module is configured to detect driver operation data, the driver operation data including tactile information related to the driver operating the vehicle , such as operational parameter data for the steering wheel, brake pedal, accelerator pedal, clutch, and transmission; a vehicle system module for outputting vehicle motion parameters, such as vehicle speed, longitudinal acceleration, and yaw rate;
- the driver model module Collecting road environment information detected by the road environment detecting module, driver operating data detected by the driver operation detecting module, and motion parameters of the vehicle output by the vehicle system module, by analyzing the road environment information And obtaining, by the motion parameter of the vehicle, a desired parameter value required for driving, obtaining a driving characteristic of the driver by
- the vehicle according to the present invention includes the above-described intelligent driving system including a driver model. According to the vehicle driving method of the present invention, the above intelligent driving system is also employed.
- an intelligent driving system including a driver model includes: a road environment detecting module 1, a driver operation detecting module 2, a vehicle system module 3, a driver module 4, and a driver model. Module 5.
- the road environment detecting module 1 is configured to collect road environment information in real time and output related data, wherein the road environment information includes visual information such as road surface adhesion coefficient, road curvature, road width, slope of the road, and traffic flow. Then, the road environment detecting module 1 can output the road surface adhesion coefficient parameter for the road surface adhesion coefficient of the road, the curvature parameter of the road for the curvature of the road, the width parameter of the road for the width of the road, the slope parameter of the road for the slope of the road, The density parameter of the vehicle is output for the flow of the road.
- the road environment information includes visual information such as road surface adhesion coefficient, road curvature, road width, slope of the road, and traffic flow.
- the road environment detecting module 1 may include a ranging radar and a camera, and those skilled in the art may collect road environment information around the vehicle through the ranging radar and the camera.
- the ranging radar is preferably a millimeter wave ranging radar
- the camera is preferably a high definition camera. Multiple millimeter-wave ranging radars can be installed on the front and left and right sides of the car. High-definition cameras can be mounted on the top of the vehicle.
- the road environment information collected by the road environment detecting module 1 is input to the driver model module 5.
- a person skilled in the art can also install a ranging radar or a camera at the rear of the vehicle to collect road environment information at the rear of the vehicle.
- the road environment detecting module 1 may further include a weather collector, such as parameters for collecting specific weather such as rain or snow.
- the road environment detecting module 1 may further include a temperature sensor.
- the above collection process can be implemented in an intelligent acquisition mode, but can also be performed by a manually input acquisition method.
- the driver Since the driver usually performs driving operations according to changes in the environment, collecting the road environment information of the vehicle is an important part of implementing the intelligent driving system, so as to drive the road environment information obtained by sensing the road environment.
- the process is optimized for the purpose.
- the main function of the driver operation detecting module 2 is to detect driver operation data, the driving
- the driver operating data includes tactile information such as operating parameter data for the steering wheel, brake/accelerator pedal, clutch, and transmission.
- the influence of the road factor on the driver can be integrated by the driver's visual information and tactile information, that is, the driver's "road feeling.”
- the driver's visual information and tactile information that is, the driver's "road feeling.”
- most models use the road curvature as the road parameter input of the driver model, ignoring the driver's operation factor, which has great limitations on the accurate collection of road conditions, such as smoothness.
- the ground, the undulating road surface, etc. have different effects on the driver. Changes in these factors will also result in changes in the driver's driving experience.
- the driver operation detecting module 2 in the embodiment of the present invention includes: a steering wheel angle sensor, a steering wheel torque sensor, a steering wheel grip force sensor, a brake pedal displacement sensor, an accelerator pedal displacement sensor, and a shifting force sensor.
- the sensor detects the driver's tactile information corresponding thereto and feeds the collected tactile information to the driver model module 5.
- the vehicle system module 3 is responsive to driver operations (eg, shifting, braking/accelerating, steering, etc.) to control vehicle motion and output vehicle motion parameters (eg, vehicle speed, longitudinal acceleration, yaw rate) to the driver Model module 5.
- driver operations eg, shifting, braking/accelerating, steering, etc.
- vehicle motion parameters eg, vehicle speed, longitudinal acceleration, yaw rate
- the vehicle system includes an engine, a transmission system, a driving system, a steering system, a braking system, and a sensor.
- the sensors in the vehicle system mainly include a vehicle speed sensor, a yaw rate sensor, a longitudinal acceleration sensor, and a lateral acceleration sensor.
- the driver module 4 directly accepts the driver's operation to control the running of the vehicle.
- the driver module 4 includes a steering wheel, a brake pedal, an accelerator pedal, a clutch, a transmission, and the like.
- the driver model module 5 collects data output by the road environment detecting module 1, the driver operation detecting module 2, and the vehicle system module 3, and identifies and predicts the above data, obtains driver's driving intention and driving characteristics, and outputs " Expected parameter values or "driving characteristics" provide a basis for changes in vehicle parameters.
- the road curvature radius ⁇ is acquired by the road environment detecting module 1; the driver operation detecting module 2 detects the steering wheel angle applied by the driver to the steering wheel, that is, the actual steering wheel angle ⁇ s ; the vehicle system module 3 detects the longitudinal speed of the vehicle v x .
- the desired steering wheel angle ⁇ sr in the driver model module 5 that is, the ideal steering wheel angle
- L is the wheelbase
- i s is the steering ratio
- K is the vehicle stability factor
- v x is the vehicle longitudinal speed
- ⁇ is the road curvature radius
- the driver module 4 directly controls the vehicle by sensing vehicle motion and driving environment.
- the parameters output by the driver module 4 and the driver model module 5 are sent to an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) for calculation, and part of the parameters of the vehicle are adjusted according to the calculation result, thereby adjusting the vehicle.
- ECU Electronic Control Unit
- the calculation electronic control unit compares the actual steering wheel angle ⁇ s with the desired steering wheel angle ⁇ sr . It indicates that the driver expects that the tire of the vehicle and the contact ground should have high adhesion, and hope to pass the curve quickly. At this time, the suspension damping parameter needs to be increased; It indicates that the driver expects the vehicle to have better comfort when passing the curve. At this time, the suspension damping needs to be reduced to meet the driver's individual driving demand; if
- ⁇ ⁇ indicates that the driver wants the vehicle to pass through the curve and balance the comfort and comfort. At this time, the suspension damping is adjusted to an intermediate value. Where ⁇ is the set threshold.
- the driver's desired vehicle performance can be identified in other scenes than the vehicle is bent, and the vehicle parameters are modified according to the driver's preference, so that the vehicle performance satisfies the driving.
- the driver's driving needs achieve the goal of "vehicle adapting to people".
- all data processing modules can be processed by the ECU, wherein the frequency of the preferred data acquisition processing is 50 Hz.
- the visual and tactile information of the driver is comprehensively considered, and the visual, tactile information and the motion parameters of the vehicle are used as inputs of the driver model, and the driver model is combined with the vehicle control system through the driver model.
- the input information (visual information, tactile information, and vehicle motion parameters, etc.) is processed to identify and predict driver behavior.
- the vehicle control system parameters are adjusted and modified in real time according to the "driver's expectation value" output by the driver model, so that the performance of the vehicle changes according to the change of the driver's characteristics, and the vehicle performance is more in line with the driver's driving behavior characteristics. Meet the driver's driving needs, reduce the driver's operating intensity, and reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents.
- a driving method of a vehicle comprising the following steps:
- L is the wheelbase
- i s is the steering ratio
- K is the vehicle stability coefficient
- v x is the longitudinal speed of the vehicle
- ⁇ is the radius of curvature of the road.
- the intelligent assisted driving system includes a driver model module that recognizes predicted driving behavior, and the driver model comprehensively considers visual and tactile factors as "road sense" information of the driver, so that the driver model can identify and predict the driver.
- the behavioral characteristics and driving requirements in turn, the vehicle control system parameters are adjusted and corrected in real time, so that the performance of the vehicle is more in line with the driver's driving characteristics, meet the driver's safe driving needs and individual needs, and reduce the driver's operational intensity. Improve driver's driving comfort and reduce traffic accidents.
- the driver's “road sense” (visual and tactile information) can be taken into account, the driver model is established, and the driver is identified and predicted by the driver model.
- the corresponding parameters of the vehicle control system are reasonably modified in real time, so that the performance of the vehicle meets the driver's individual needs and safety requirements, and the realization of "human-car”
- the seamless cooperation function achieves the control objective of “vehicle adaptation”, so that the vehicle control system has two functions of “recognition” and “adaptation” at the same time.
- the driver model in this system can also add the driver's physiological characteristic parameters (such as age, drunkenness, physical fatigue, reaction speed, etc.) and psychological characteristic parameters on the one hand. (eg driver's nervousness, driver's emotional stability, etc.), on the other hand, its application can also be applied to real-time correction of system parameters such as engine, clutch, transmission and brake system to achieve "vehicle adaptation" control aims.
- driver's physiological characteristic parameters such as age, drunkenness, physical fatigue, reaction speed, etc.
- psychological characteristic parameters eg driver's nervousness, driver's emotional stability, etc.
- its application can also be applied to real-time correction of system parameters such as engine, clutch, transmission and brake system to achieve "vehicle adaptation" control aims.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 一种含有驾驶员模型的智能驾驶系统,包括驾驶员模型模块,所述驾驶员模型模块根据驾驶员的驾驶特征和道路环境信息调节所述车辆的性能。
- 一种含有驾驶员模型的智能驾驶系统,包括:道路环境检测模块、驾驶员操作检测模块、整车系统模块和驾驶员模型模块;其中,所述道路环境检测模块用于检测道路环境信息,其中道路环境信息包括与驾驶员操作车辆有关的视觉信息;所述驾驶员操作检测模块用于检测驾驶员操作数据,所述驾驶员操作数据包括与驾驶员操作车辆有关的触觉信息;所述整车系统模块用于输出车辆运动参数;所述驾驶员模型模块,收集所述道路环境检测模块所检测的道路环境信息、所述驾驶员操作检测模块所检测的驾驶员操作数据及所述整车系统模块输出的车辆的运动参数,并通过分析所述道路环境信息以及所述车辆的运动参数获得驾驶所需的期望参数值、通过分析所述驾驶员操作检测模块所输出的数据获得驾驶员的驾驶特征、通过比较所述期望参数值与所述驾驶员的驾驶特征得出所述驾驶员对车辆性能的需求,并依据所述需求调节车辆相应的参数。
- 根据权利要求2所述的系统,其特征在于,还包括驾驶员模块,所述驾驶员模块用于根据所述驾驶员的操作改变所述车辆的运动状态。
- 根据权利要求2所述的系统,其特征在于,所述道路环境检测模块包括测距雷达和摄像机,所述道路环境信息包括与驾驶员操作车辆有关的视觉信息,所述视觉信息包括道路曲率、道路宽度、道路的路面附着系数以及交通流量。
- 根据权利要求2所述的系统,其特征在于,所述触觉信息包括对方向盘、制动踏板、加速踏板、离合器以及变速器的操作参数数据。
- 根据权利要求2-5中任一项所述的系统,其特征在于,所述整车系统模块输出的车辆运动参数包括车速、纵向加速度和横摆角速度。
- 根据权利要求2-6中任一项所述的系统,其特征在于,道路环境 包括弯道,在某一时刻,所述道路环境检测模块检测道路曲率半径ρ,所述驾驶员操作检测模块检测驾驶员对方向盘施加的实际方向盘转角δs,所述整车系统模块检测车辆的纵向速度vx,在所述驾驶员模型模块中计算出期望的方向盘转角其中,L为轴距,is为转向比,K为车辆稳定性系数,vx为车辆纵向速度,ρ为道路曲率半径;
- 一种车辆,其特征在于,所述车辆包括如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的系统。
- 一种车辆驾驶方法,其特征在于,驾驶车辆中采用如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的系统。
- 根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括如下步骤:1)在车辆起步前,自动检测车辆的当前状态、驾驶员的当前状态以及前方道路状态;2)检测当前t时刻的道路曲率半径ρ(t),进行判断车辆是否将进入弯道,即判断ρ(t)=∞是否成立;如若成立,则说明车辆处于直线车道行驶,并进行计算t+Δt时刻的道路曲率半径ρ(t+Δt);若ρ(t)<∞,说明车辆将要或已进入弯道行驶,并计算t+Δt时刻的道路曲率半径ρ(t+Δt);3)检测驾驶员对方向盘施的方向盘转角,即实际方向盘转角δs;4)检测车辆的纵向速度vx;5)计算出通过该弯道期望的方向盘转角δsr,其中其中,L为轴距,is为转向比,K为车辆稳定性系数,vx为车辆纵向速度,ρ为道路曲率半径;
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US10286900B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 |
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