WO2016033843A1 - 一种高炉气流分布的检测方法 - Google Patents

一种高炉气流分布的检测方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016033843A1
WO2016033843A1 PCT/CN2014/086931 CN2014086931W WO2016033843A1 WO 2016033843 A1 WO2016033843 A1 WO 2016033843A1 CN 2014086931 W CN2014086931 W CN 2014086931W WO 2016033843 A1 WO2016033843 A1 WO 2016033843A1
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Prior art keywords
temperature measuring
measuring device
blast furnace
material layer
gas
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PCT/CN2014/086931
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵华涛
杜屏
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江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司
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Priority to JP2017512012A priority Critical patent/JP6503055B2/ja
Priority to KR1020177008822A priority patent/KR101987139B1/ko
Priority to EP14901343.5A priority patent/EP3190194B1/en
Priority to US15/507,961 priority patent/US20170283891A1/en
Publication of WO2016033843A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016033843A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/24Test rods or other checking devices
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/006Automatically controlling the process
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/008Composition or distribution of the charge
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/10Cooling; Devices therefor
    • C21B7/103Detection of leakages of the cooling liquid

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of numerical simulation of blast furnace gas flow distribution, and particularly relates to a method for detecting blast furnace gas flow distribution.
  • the blast furnace refers to an ironmaking shaft furnace with a circular cross section.
  • the steel plate is usually used as a furnace shell, and the refractory brick lining is arranged inside the shell.
  • the blast furnace body is divided into five parts: the throat, the furnace body, the furnace waist, the belly, and the hearth from top to bottom. Because of the good economic indicators of blast furnace ironmaking technology, simple process, large production volume, high labor production efficiency and low energy consumption, the iron produced by this method accounts for the vast majority of the world's total iron production.
  • iron ore, coke, and slag-forming flux are charged from the top of the furnace, and preheated air is blown from the tuyere located at the lower portion of the furnace along the circumference of the furnace.
  • carbon in the coke some blast furnaces also spray auxiliary fuel such as pulverized coal, heavy oil, natural gas, etc.
  • carbon monoxide and hydrogen generated by the combustion of oxygen in the air remove iron ore during the furnace rise.
  • Oxygen which is reduced to give iron.
  • the molten iron is discharged from the iron mouth.
  • the unreduced impurities in the iron ore are combined with a flux such as limestone to form slag, and the molten iron is discharged from the iron port together and separated by a skimmer.
  • the generated gas is discharged from the top of the furnace, and after being dusted, it is used as a fuel for a hot air furnace, a heating furnace, a coke oven, a boiler, and the like.
  • the main products of blast furnace smelting are pig iron, as well as by-product blast furnace slag and blast furnace gas.
  • the airflow distribution is essential for blast furnace operation, and it is often said that "ironmaking is refining.”
  • the airflow distribution is the most important standard for people to adjust the blast furnace fabric system. It reflects the stability of the current blast furnace operation and determines the utilization rate of blast furnace gas. For the high-temperature and high-pressure closed container of the blast furnace, how to obtain the information of the airflow is very important.
  • the change of the gas flow is usually observed by the infrared image of the furnace top to observe the change of the flame at the throat, and the temperature of the thermocouple at the throat portion is used to judge the change of the edge airflow, but the amount of information obtained is small.
  • Some steel mills have also developed throat radial gas sampling equipment to analyze radial airflow component distribution, but Online detection is not possible and there is a safety issue with gas leaks.
  • most blast furnaces are equipped with a cross-temperature gun on the top of the furnace to monitor the radial distribution of the airflow temperature, but the information obtained is limited, and only the temperature distribution can not fully reflect the distribution of the airflow.
  • a method for detecting a radial airflow distribution in a blast furnace is also disclosed, for example, in Russian Patent No. SU1330163.
  • the gas composition is measured by a gas sampling device inserted in the charge, and is measured by infrared imaging before and after each batch of cloth.
  • the radial temperature distribution of the gas stream is then calculated based on the average gas flow rate of the furnace top, the temperature, the time difference, and the specific heat of the charge to calculate the radial distribution of the gas stream.
  • the measurement relies on an expensive infrared measuring device, and the in-furnace gas sampling device affects the blanking and accelerates the wear on the blast furnace lining.
  • the thickness of the layer and the heat conduction are the same in the radial direction, and the thickness of the radial layer and the heat conduction in the actual blast furnace production are very different.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for detecting the radial airflow distribution of the blast furnace.
  • the detection method provided by the present invention enables the blast furnace operator to quickly obtain the airflow distribution and the material when the main operating parameters change.
  • the variation of the layer structure distribution and can adjust the cloth system in time and accurately to obtain the ideal airflow distribution to reduce the fuel ratio while maintaining the stable and smooth operation of the blast furnace operation.
  • the invention discloses a method for detecting a blast furnace gas flow distribution, which comprises the following steps:
  • the blast furnace throat section is divided into regions to obtain N temperature measuring device regions; the N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1;
  • step d) the method further comprises:
  • d# Calculate the average material layer thickness ratio according to the material layer thickness ratio in each temperature measuring device area; according to the air flow velocity of each temperature measuring device, obtain the total airflow volume passing through the temperature measuring device region, and then obtain the temperature measuring device region Total heat of the airflow;
  • the material is ore and coke
  • the material layer thickness ratio in the area of each temperature measuring device is x i
  • the average material layer thickness ratio is X t
  • the calculation formula of the average material layer thickness ratio is:
  • S i is the area of each temperature measuring device region, and A is the total area of the blast furnace throat section.
  • the material is ore and coke; the material layer thickness ratio in the temperature measuring device region is x i , the air flow velocity in the temperature measuring device region is u i ; and the material layer in the temperature measuring device region
  • the relationship between the thickness ratio and the airflow velocity is:
  • C g is the specific heat of the gas
  • C s is the specific heat of the solid
  • G g is the gas flow rate
  • G S is the solid flow rate
  • is the top gas density
  • v is the solid material bed falling speed
  • ⁇ O is the ore density
  • ⁇ C is the coke density.
  • the gas resistance equations of the blast furnace block strips are:
  • k 1 * is the viscous drag coefficient
  • k 2 * is the inertia drag coefficient
  • ⁇ P/L is the unit length differential pressure
  • is the bed porosity
  • D p is the average particle size
  • is the gas viscosity
  • u is the gas flow Speed
  • is the gas density
  • the viscous drag coefficient of the coke and the inertial drag coefficient of the coke are:
  • the viscous drag coefficient of the ore and the inertial drag coefficient of the ore are respectively
  • the pressure difference per unit length of the material layers of the blast furnace block belts are equal;
  • the pressure difference per unit length of the layers of the blast furnace block belt is equal to the sum of the pressure difference per unit length of the coke in the blast furnace block belt and the unit length pressure difference of the ore.
  • the temperature measuring device is a cross temperature measuring gun.
  • the invention also discloses a detection system for blast furnace airflow distribution, which comprises:
  • the dividing unit is configured to divide the blast furnace throat section into regions according to the number and position of the blast furnace top temperature measuring device, and obtain N temperature measuring device regions; the N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1;
  • a first obtaining unit configured to obtain a solid-gas heat flow in each temperature measuring device region according to a temperature value of each temperature measuring device and a gas heat flux and a solid heat flow balance equation of the blast furnace block below the corresponding temperature measuring device region ratio;
  • a second obtaining unit configured to obtain a material layer thickness ratio in each temperature measuring device region according to a unit length pressure difference, a material particle size distribution and a gas resistance equation of each blast furnace block belt, according to the above-mentioned respective temperature measuring device regions
  • the material layer thickness ratio and the material layer thickness ratio in the temperature measuring device region obtained in the above step c) are a function of the air flow velocity, and the air flow velocity of each temperature measuring device is obtained;
  • the result unit is configured to map the distribution of each of the temperature measuring devices and the airflow velocity thereof to obtain a gas distribution detection result.
  • the method further includes:
  • the verification unit is configured to calculate the average material layer thickness ratio according to the material layer thickness ratio in each temperature measuring device region; according to the air flow velocity of each temperature measuring device, the total airflow volume passing through the temperature measuring device region is obtained, and then the passing measurement is obtained. The total heat of the airflow in the area of the warming device;
  • the invention discloses a blast furnace airflow distribution detecting method, which comprises the following steps: a) according to the number and position of the blast furnace top temperature measuring device, the blast furnace throat section is divided into regions to obtain N temperature measuring devices. a region; the N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1; b) according to the temperature value of each temperature measuring device and the gas heat flux and solid heat flow balance equation of the blast furnace block below the corresponding temperature measuring device region, obtaining each temperature measurement The solid-gas heat flow ratio of the device region; c) establishing a functional relationship between the material layer thickness ratio and the gas flow velocity in each temperature measuring device region according to the solid-gas heat flow ratio of each of the temperature measuring device regions; d) according to each blast furnace block
  • the material layer thickness difference, the material particle size distribution and the gas resistance equation of the strip obtain the material layer thickness ratio in each temperature measuring device region, according to the material layer thickness ratio in each of the above temperature measuring device regions and the respective steps obtained in the above step c)
  • the measuring method provided by the present invention considers the heat exchange between the gas stream and the solid material bed, the influence of the distribution of the material layer structure in the radial direction of the blast furnace on the gas permeability of the blast furnace radial direction, thereby affecting the air distribution.
  • Form combined with the cross temperature gun and other major blast furnace operating parameters, calculate the radial layer structure and airflow distribution of the blast furnace.
  • the blast furnace operator can timely and accurately estimate the radial material layer structure and the distribution direction of the airflow from the change of the current radial airflow temperature distribution, and provide a direction for the adjustment of the cloth system.
  • each of the blast furnace throats has different radial directions for different operation periods
  • the heat flow ratio distribution of the point, the thickness ratio distribution of the ore layer and the airflow velocity distribution are calculated, and the changes of the parameters before and after each change of the fabric matrix are compared.
  • the experimental results show that the direction of the fabric matrix change and the ore layer calculated by the present invention.
  • the thickness ratio distribution changes in the same direction, and the subsequent changes in airflow distribution and temperature distribution are also expected.
  • FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of a cross-temperature gun of the present invention and a radial temperature measurement area;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the division of the inner region of the blast furnace of the present invention and the gas-solid heat balance in the blast furnace block;
  • Figure 3 is the position of the material of the present invention, the direction of the solid gas and the position of on-line monitoring in the furnace;
  • Figure 5 is a diagram showing the radial descending velocity distribution of the blast furnace charge in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a view showing the operation of the Hongfa 2500 blast furnace of the present invention from the end of 2013 to the beginning of 2014;
  • Figure 7 is a diagram showing changes in parameters of Case1 to Case2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a diagram showing changes in parameters of Case2 to Case3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a variation of various parameters from Case3 to Case4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a diagram showing changes in parameters from Case4 to Case5 of the present invention.
  • the invention discloses a method for detecting a blast furnace gas flow distribution, which comprises the following steps:
  • the blast furnace throat section is divided into regions to obtain N temperature measuring device regions; the N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1;
  • the layer thickness ratio and the material layer thickness ratio in the area of each temperature measuring device obtained in the above step c) are a function of the air flow velocity, and the air flow velocity of each temperature measuring device is obtained;
  • thermodynamic calculation formula The present invention has no particular requirement for the cited thermodynamic calculation formula, and can be calculated by thermodynamic calculation formulas well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the blast furnace throat section is divided into regions to obtain N temperature measuring device regions; and the N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
  • the temperature measuring device blast furnace of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be an iron-making blast furnace well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention is preferably a macro-hair 2500 m 3 blast furnace; the present invention is not particularly limited to the temperature measuring device.
  • the apparatus for temperature measurement of the blast furnace is well known to those skilled in the art, and the present invention is preferably a cross temperature measuring gun; the present invention is not particularly limited to the number of cross temperature measuring guns, and is a conventional cross temperature measuring gun well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the number of the present invention is preferably 2 to 4; the number of temperature measuring points of the cross temperature measuring gun of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is measured by a temperature measuring point of a conventional cross temperature gun well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the number is preferably 5 to 8, more preferably 6 to 7 in the present invention;
  • the position of the cross temperature gun of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the cross temperature gun installed in the blast furnace is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the position of the blast furnace throat is preferably correspondingly installed, more preferably east and west, more preferably south and north, most preferably east, south, west and north;
  • Temperature measuring device The overall installation position is not particularly limited, and may be an overall installation position well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention specifically preferably has a cross-type temperature measuring gun, a cross in each of the northeast and northwest directions of the blast furnace throat.
  • the temperature measuring gun has 6 temperature measuring points, and the other 3 temperature measuring guns each have 5 temperature measuring points.
  • the method for setting the temperature measuring point is not particularly limited, and the temperature measuring point setting method of the cross temperature measuring gun which is well known to those skilled in the art may be used.
  • the specific temperature measuring point setting method of the present invention is preferably performed according to the following steps.
  • the temperature measuring gun is installed at a downward angle of 15 degrees, and the temperature measuring point is arranged along the radial direction of the blast furnace throat from the center to the edge.
  • the distance between each two cross temperature measuring guns is preferably 500 to 1000 mm, more preferably 600 to 900 mm, most preferably 800 mm;
  • the radial direction of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a radial direction well known to those skilled in the art, and the radial direction of the present invention is the ray direction from the center of the blast furnace throat to the furnace wall.
  • the radial direction may or may not be parallel to the horizontal plane.
  • the present invention has no particular limitation on the specific number of the temperature measuring regions, that is, the specific value of N, and can be set by the person skilled in the art according to the size of the blast furnace and the actual production situation, and the present invention preferably has 4-8 pieces. More preferably, it is 5 to 7 and most preferably 6; the method for dividing the region in the present invention is not particularly limited, and the method for dividing the temperature measurement region of the cross-fire gun known to those skilled in the art may be used. The dividing method is preferably carried out according to the following steps.
  • the center of each of the two temperature measuring points is taken as the center of the blast furnace throat section center, and the center of the blast furnace to the center of the temperature measuring point is a circle, and the throat section is divided into the radial direction.
  • the area is S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 , S 5 , S 6 ; in each temperature measurement area, the temperature points corresponding to the four temperature guns are taken in four directions.
  • the average value that is, the temperature value of each temperature measuring device region, finally obtains the temperature distribution of the top gas in the radial direction of the throat.
  • FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of a cross-temperature gun and a radial temperature-measuring area of the present invention.
  • the present invention obtains the temperature measuring device region according to the temperature value of each temperature measuring device and the gas heat flux and solid heat flow balance equation of the blast furnace block below the corresponding temperature measuring device region. Solid-gas heat flow ratio.
  • the invention achieves heat balance in the blast furnace block zone, that is, the temperature of the solid and the gas are very close, that is, there is no heat transfer between the solid gas, and this zone is a heat balance zone, ignoring the chemical reaction and the heat exchange with the furnace wall.
  • each temperature measurement point on the cross temperature measuring gun satisfies the above equation of the gas heat flow rate and the solid heat flow balance equation, that is, the gas-solid heat balance equation, and the temperature values of the above-mentioned cross heat guns are introduced into the equilibrium equation, Calculating the solid-gas heat flow ratio C s G s /C g G g at each point in the radial direction of the cross-fired gun, that is, obtaining the solid-gas heat flow ratio of the corresponding temperature measuring device region above the blast furnace block band;
  • the corresponding temperature measuring device region refers to the temperature measuring device region along the blast furnace height direction and the blast furnace block
  • the strips correspond one-to-one and are above the corresponding blast furnace block strip. Any one of the temperature measuring device regions is the i-th region, and the value is 1 ⁇ i ⁇ N; the i is a natural
  • the blast furnace block belt of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a blast furnace block belt well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the subsequent division of the blast furnace inner region by the present invention is not particularly limited, and is divided by a method well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the blast furnace is preferably divided into a block belt, a soft melt belt, a dripping belt, a swirling zone and a slag iron.
  • the temperature distribution of solids and gases in the blast furnace can be specifically seen in FIG. 2, and FIG. 2 is The division of the inner region of the blast furnace and the schematic diagram of the gas-solid heat balance in the blast furnace block zone are invented.
  • the invention establishes a solid-gas heat flow ratio of each temperature measuring device region obtained according to the above steps, and establishes a function relationship between a material layer thickness ratio and a gas flow velocity in each temperature measuring device region;
  • the material is preferably ore and coke;
  • the material layer thickness ratio in the device region is preferably x i , and the gas flow velocity in the temperature measuring device region is preferably u i ;
  • the material layer thickness ratio in the temperature measuring device region is preferably a function of the gas flow velocity:
  • C g is the specific heat of the gas
  • C s is the specific heat of the solid
  • G g is the gas flow rate
  • G S is the solid flow rate
  • is the top gas density
  • kg/m 3 v is the solid material bed falling speed
  • m/ s is the ore density
  • kg/m 3 is the coke density, kg/m 3 .
  • the solid heat flux equation in the region of each temperature measuring device is
  • S is the cross-sectional area of the solid material bed and the airflow passing through the temperature measuring device area
  • S i is the area of each temperature measuring device area
  • L O is the thickness of the ore layer, m
  • L C is the thickness of the coke layer, m.
  • the present invention is not particularly limited to the position of the material in the blast furnace, the flow direction of the three-phase solid-liquid gas, and the process route, and can be operated by a blast furnace well known to those skilled in the art.
  • FIG. 3 The position of the material of the invention, the direction of the solid gas and the position of on-line monitoring in the furnace.
  • the material layer thickness ratio in each temperature measuring device region is obtained according to the pressure difference per unit length ( ⁇ P/L) of the material layer of each blast furnace block, the material particle size distribution and the gas resistance equation, and then obtained by the above steps.
  • the material layer thickness ratio in each temperature measuring device region is in a function of the air flow velocity, and the airflow velocity in each temperature measuring device region is obtained.
  • the pressure difference per unit length ( ⁇ P/L) of the layer of the blast furnace block is preferably given a predetermined value, and the present invention has no particular limitation on the given method of the ⁇ P/L.
  • the method is well known to those skilled in the art, and the present invention is preferably given according to the total pressure difference and the tuyere-to-feed line distance actually operated by the blast furnace; the material particle size distribution (dp) of the blast furnace block belt, that is, the blast furnace radial coke
  • the particle size distribution of the ore is preferably given a predetermined value.
  • the present invention has no particular limitation on the given method of the particle size distribution of the material, and the method is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the specific correlation method for the particle size distribution of the blast furnace material is not particularly limited, and may be measured by a particle size distribution or a distribution curve well known to those skilled in the art; the method for calculating the average particle diameter (D p ) of the particles is not Special restrictions to The average particle diameter calculation method known to those skilled in the art can, according to the present invention is preferably an arithmetic average method.
  • the pressure difference per unit length of the layer of each blast furnace block is equal, that is,
  • the pressure difference per unit length of the layer of the blast furnace block is equal to the sum of the pressure difference per unit length of the coke in the blast furnace block and the pressure difference per unit length of the ore, that is,
  • each blast furnace block belt of the present invention is preferably:
  • k 1 * is the viscous drag coefficient
  • k 2 * is the inertia drag coefficient
  • ⁇ P/L is the unit length differential pressure
  • kPa/m is the bed porosity
  • D p is the average particle size
  • m is Gas viscosity
  • Pa ⁇ s is the gas flow velocity
  • m / s is the gas density, kg / m 3 ;
  • the present invention has no particular limitation on the viscous drag coefficient and the inertia drag coefficient, and is technical in the art.
  • the calculation method well known to the person is sufficient, and the present invention is preferably based on the calculation method of "Distribution of Burden Materials and Gas permeability in a Large Volume Blast Furnace" published by Yamada (Kawasaki Steel Technical News, 1974, 16-36). ,
  • the viscous drag coefficient and the inertia drag coefficient of the coke are respectively:
  • the viscous drag coefficient and the inertia drag coefficient of the ore are:
  • the present invention preferably performs the verification on the calculated data.
  • the method for verifying the present invention is not particularly limited, and the above-mentioned verification is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the method of blast furnace data may be, and the present invention preferably is specifically carried out according to the following steps.
  • the average material layer thickness ratio is calculated; according to the air flow velocity of each temperature measuring device, the total airflow volume passing through the temperature measuring device region is obtained, thereby obtaining the temperature measuring device region. Total heat of the airflow;
  • the average material layer thickness ratio obtained in the above step is compared with the theoretical average material layer thickness ratio to obtain an error ⁇ 1;
  • the total airflow volume passing through the temperature measuring device region obtained by the above step is compared with the theoretical top gas flow total volume, Obtaining an error ⁇ 2; comparing the total heat of the airflow passing through the temperature measuring device region obtained by the above step with the total heat of the theoretical top gas flow to obtain an error ⁇ 3;
  • the error analysis is performed.
  • the pressure difference per unit length of the material layer and the particle size distribution of the material are corrected, and then the above step d) is performed again until ⁇ 1
  • the values of ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 are all less than 5%; when the values of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 are both less than 5%, the above step e) is performed.
  • the type of the detection data is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the type of the detection data in the normal state of the blast furnace which is well known to those skilled in the art may be used.
  • the present invention preferably is batch data of coke, batch data of ore, gas consumption, and furnace.
  • the composition of the gas, the temperature, the pressure, and the like are detected at the top;
  • the source of the detection data is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the source of the detection data in the conventional state of the blast furnace which is well known to those skilled in the art may be used.
  • the invention firstly calculates the average layer thickness ratio of the material layer thickness ratio in each temperature measuring device region obtained through the above steps, and obtains the total airflow volume passing through the temperature measuring device region according to the air flow velocity of each temperature measuring device. Further, the total heat of the airflow passing through the temperature measuring device region is obtained; the average material layer thickness ratio, the total airflow volume, and the total airflow heat are all calculated according to the actual detection data and then calculated by the above calculation method of the present invention.
  • the material layer thickness ratio in the region of each temperature measuring device is x i
  • the average material layer thickness ratio is preferably X t
  • the calculation formula of the average material layer thickness ratio is preferably:
  • S i is the area of each temperature measuring device region, and A is the total area of the blast furnace throat section;
  • the total volume of the gas stream and the total heat of the gas stream are preferably calculated according to the calculated gas flow velocity distribution u i and the distribution of the top gas volume V i and the gas heat Q i , and the volume of each point is accumulated to obtain the total volume of the gas and the total heat.
  • V t V 1 + V 2 + ... V N
  • Q t Q 1 + Q 2 + ... Q N .
  • the theoretical average layer thickness ratio of the top of the furnace is calculated according to the N 2 conservation in the blast furnace gas.
  • the volume V D of the top dry gas is obtained;
  • the heat Q 0 is the total volume of the theoretical top gas flow and the total heat of the theoretical top gas flow.
  • the method for calculating the theoretical total volume of the top gas stream and the total heat of the theoretical top gas stream is not particularly limited, and may be calculated by a method of calculating the kinetic balance formula of the above reaction well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention compares X t , V t and Q t calculated by the above method with the theoretical values X 0 , V 0 and Q 0 obtained according to the above formula to obtain errors ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3.
  • the method for calculating the above error is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be an error calculation method well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the error limit is preferably from 3% to 7%, more preferably from 4% to 6%, most preferably 5%.
  • the regional distribution of the temperature measuring devices and the airflow velocity thereof are finally plotted to obtain a gas distribution detection result.
  • the invention discloses a method for detecting the radial layer structure and the airflow distribution of the blast furnace.
  • the detection method disclosed by the invention is based on the main operating parameters of the blast furnace such as air supply conditions, coke and ore batch weight, pressure difference, top gas component, temperature
  • the furnace throat is divided into a plurality of annular temperature measuring device regions, and the gas-solid heat balance of the temperature measuring device regions and the pressure loss of the air flow in the material layer are calculated.
  • the material layer structure of the material and the distribution of gas flow (including velocity, volume and heat) along the radial direction of the furnace are obtained and verified and corrected by mass balance of the solid, mass balance of the gas and heat balance.
  • the change trend of the material layer structure and the radial distribution of the air flow can be obtained by indirect means, and the blast furnace cloth system is made in time. Adjustment, to obtain a reasonable airflow distribution, to ensure stable operation of the blast furnace and extend the service life, to achieve the purpose of reducing the fuel ratio.
  • the present invention also provides a detection system for blast furnace gas flow distribution, comprising a dividing unit, a first obtaining unit, an establishing unit, a second obtaining unit and a result unit, and preferably further comprising a check unit.
  • the above units all correspond to the corresponding steps of the blast furnace airflow distribution detecting method provided by the present invention; since the detecting method of the present invention has the above technical effects, the blast furnace airflow distribution detecting system provided by the present invention also has the same technical effect.
  • the heat flow ratio distribution, the ore layer thickness ratio distribution and the air flow velocity distribution of each point in the blast furnace throat are calculated for different operating time periods, and the changes of each parameter before and after each cloth matrix change are compared.
  • the experimental results show that the direction of the change of the fabric matrix is consistent with the direction of the distribution of the ore layer thickness ratio calculated by the present invention, and the change of the airflow distribution and the temperature distribution is also the same as expected.
  • a temperature measuring gun Take the center of each two temperature measurement points, centered on the center of the blast furnace, draw a circle from the center of the blast furnace to the center of the temperature measurement point, and divide the section of the throat into six parts, the areas are S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 , S 5 , S 6 , S 1 to S 6 area distribution of each temperature measuring device area, see FIG. 4, FIG.
  • the cross temperature gun is installed at a downward angle of 15 degrees, and the temperature measurement points are arranged equidistantly from the center to the edge.
  • the distance between each two cross temperature guns is 800 mm, and the temperature points corresponding to the four temperature measuring guns are taken in four directions.
  • the average value is the temperature profile of the top gas in the radial direction of the throat.
  • Table 1 is the operating parameters of the blast furnace on-line detection.
  • the temperature of the heat balance zone was set to 1000 °C.
  • the model of the present invention covers the heat balance from the top of the blast furnace to the heat balance zone, ignoring the chemical reaction of the block, the heat exchange between the gas and the furnace wall, and the heat loss from the heat exchange between the solid and the furnace wall.
  • ⁇ O is the ore density, taking 2210kg/m 3
  • ⁇ C is the coke density, taking 500kg/m 3
  • L O is the thickness of the ore layer m
  • L C is the thickness of the coke layer m
  • C s 1245J/kg ⁇ °C.
  • the airflow density will also be different, and the airflow density can be based on Calculations are made, where ⁇ 0 , P 0 , T 0 are the gas density, pressure and temperature in the standard state, respectively, and P and T are the pressure and temperature in the working state, respectively, and are measured by an on-line instrument.
  • is the mass percentage of each gas component.
  • Table 3 is the mass percentage of each gas component in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • the pressure loss per unit length at each point is equal to the pressure loss per unit of coke and ore:
  • the coke porosity is 0.5, the ore porosity is 0.43, D p is the average particle size of the particles, m, the average coke particle size is 0.045 m, and the average ore particle size is 0.0173 m.
  • is the gas viscosity Pa ⁇ s, according to the Sutherland formula.
  • T is the current gas temperature.
  • k 1 * is the viscous drag coefficient
  • k 2 * is the inertial drag coefficient
  • the initial value of ⁇ P/L is 0.77Kpa/m.
  • the equation 5 can be given under given conditions.
  • Table 2 is a numerical distribution obtained by calculating the parameters of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the given coke weight is 12.2t
  • the ore batch weight is 71t
  • the blast condition in the tuyere area is: air volume 4547Nm 3 /min
  • oxygen enrichment is 17964Nm 3 /h
  • coal injection is 42.05t/h
  • V N2 BV ⁇ 0.79+N 2 coal/60+PCI/60 ⁇ 1000 ⁇ N PCI ⁇ 22.4/28,
  • BV cold air volume
  • Nm 3 /min N 2 coal is pulverized coal carrier gas N 2 flow
  • Nm 3 /h N 2 flow
  • PCI coal injection volume
  • t/h N PCI is N content in coal powder.
  • the total volume of dry gas in the top of the furnace can be calculated.
  • the theoretical material layer structure X 0 is obtained from the calculated batch weight of ore and coke.
  • Table 3 is a comparative analysis of the parameters calculated in the first embodiment of the present invention and the theoretically calculated parameters.
  • Fig. 6 shows the operation of the Hongfa 2500 m 3 blast furnace of the present invention from the end of 2013 to the beginning of 2014, as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the main operating parameters changed from Case1 to Case5.
  • the specific parameters are shown in Table 4.
  • the heat flow ratio distribution, the material layer thickness ratio distribution and the airflow velocity distribution of each temperature measurement zone in the blast furnace throat are calculated. And compare the changes of each parameter before and after each change of the fabric matrix, and find that the direction of the change of the fabric matrix is consistent with the direction of the calculated ore layer thickness distribution, and the change of the airflow distribution and temperature distribution is also the same as expected. .
  • Fig. 7 shows changes in parameters from Case1 to Case2 of the present invention.
  • the operator from Case1 to Case2 will take the fabric matrix from Change into
  • C b a C is the operation term of coke in the fabric matrix
  • a is the gear position
  • b is the number of turns
  • O b a O is the operation item of the ore in the fabric matrix
  • a is the gear position
  • b is the number of turns.
  • the 10th gear is close to the furnace wall
  • the 1st gear is the center of the blast furnace
  • the 9th grade of the ore edge is changed from 1 circle to 2 laps. It can be inferred that the thickness ratio of the ore layer at the edge increases, the airflow velocity at the edge portion decreases, and the calculated ore layer thickness ratio
  • Figure 8 shows the variation of parameters from Case2 to Case3 of the present invention.
  • M40 drops significantly, the slag ratio rises rapidly, and the operator removes the fabric matrix from Change into The 2 turns of coke were removed from the 3rd gear, and it was speculated that the coke in the corresponding intermediate part increased, and the ore layer thickness ratio decreased, which was consistent with the calculated ore layer thickness ratio distribution x i .
  • Figure 9 shows the variation of various parameters from Case3 to Case4 of the present invention.
  • the operator will take the fabric matrix from Change into The 10th and 4th grades of the ore are set twice, and it can be inferred that the thickness ratio of the ore layer in the central part and the central part increases, and the thickness ratio of the ore layer in the middle part decreases, and the calculation result is basically the same.
  • Figure 10 shows the variation of various parameters from Case3 to Case4 of the present invention.
  • the operator will take the fabric matrix from Change into The middle grades of coke “6”, “7” and “8” changed from 2 turns to 3 turns, and the ratio of ore layer thickness in the corresponding middle part decreased, and the calculation result was also consistent.
  • the ore 10 turns from 2 turns. After 3 laps, the ore layer thickness ratio of the corresponding edge part is also increased and the calculation result is also consistent.

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Abstract

一种高炉气流分布的检测方法,考虑气流与固体料床之间的热量交换,料层结构在高炉径向的分布对高炉径向的透气性的影响,进而影响气流分布的形式,再结合十字测温枪以及其他主要高炉操作参数,计算高炉径向料层结构及气流的分布。依据该检测方法,高炉操作者可以从当前径向气流温度分布的变化,及时准确的推测到炉喉部位径向料层结构和气流的分布变化方向,为布料制度的调整提供方向,确保高炉稳定顺行、延长使用寿命并降低燃料比,而且无需其他昂贵的检测仪器。

Description

一种高炉气流分布的检测方法
本申请要求于2014年09月03日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410446536.6、发明名称为“一种高炉气流分布的检测方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于高炉气流分布数值模拟技术领域,尤其涉及一种高炉气流分布的检测方法。
背景技术
高炉是指横断面为圆形的炼铁竖炉,通常选用钢板作炉壳,壳内砌耐火砖内衬。高炉本体自上而下分为炉喉、炉身、炉腰、炉腹、炉缸5部分。由于高炉炼铁技术经济指标良好,工艺简单,生产量大,劳动生产效率高,能耗低等优点,故这种方法生产的铁占世界铁总产量的绝大部分。
高炉生产时从炉顶装入铁矿石、焦炭、造渣用熔剂(石灰石),从位于炉子下部沿炉周的风口吹入经预热的空气。在高温下焦炭(有的高炉也喷吹煤粉、重油、天然气等辅助燃料)中的碳同鼓入空气中的氧燃烧生成的一氧化碳和氢气,在炉内上升过程中除去铁矿石中的氧,从而还原得到铁。炼出的铁水从铁口放出。铁矿石中未还原的杂质和石灰石等熔剂结合生成炉渣,铁水一起从铁口排出,经撇渣器分离出来。产生的煤气从炉顶排出,经除尘后,作为热风炉、加热炉、焦炉、锅炉等的燃料。高炉冶炼的主要产品是生铁,还有副产高炉渣和高炉煤气。
在影响高炉的各种因素中,气流分布对于高炉操作至关重要,人们常说“炼铁即炼气”。众所周知,气流分布是人们进行高炉布料制度调整的最主要标准,它反应了当前高炉操作的稳定与否,决定了高炉煤气利用率的高低。对于高炉这个高温高压密闭容器来讲,如何获取气流的信息至关重要。
在本领域中,通常是通过炉顶红外成像来观察炉喉处燃烧的火焰大小来判断气流的变化,炉喉部位热电偶温度来判断边缘气流的变化,但获得的信息量较少。某些钢铁厂还开发炉喉径向煤气取样设备来分析径向气流成分分布,但 不能实现在线检测,且存在煤气泄漏的安全问题。目前大多高炉在炉顶安装十字测温枪来在线监测气流温度在径向的分布,但所获得信息有限,仅有温度分布还不能全面反应气流的分布。现有技术中,如俄国专利SU1330163也公开了一种高炉检测径向气流分布的方法,通过插在炉料里面的煤气取样装置测量煤气成分,并在每批料布下的前、后通过红外成像测量气流径向的温度分布,然后基于炉顶平均气体流量,温度,时间差和炉料比热用经验公式计算出气流的径向分布。然而测量依赖于昂贵的红外测量装置,并且炉内煤气取样装置会影响下料并且加速对高炉内衬的磨损。并且其假设料层厚度和热传导在径向是相同的,而在实际高炉生产中径向料层厚度和热传导是相差很大的。
因此,如何找到一种更准确而且简便的高炉气流分布检测方法,一直是高炉炼铁企业亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种高炉径向气流分布的检测方法,本发明提供的检测方法,使得高炉操作人员在主要操作参数发生变化时,能够迅速得到气流分布以及料层结构分布的变化情况,并可以及时准确的对布料制度作出调整,得到理想的气流分布,以降低燃料比,同时维持高炉操作的稳定顺行。
本发明公开了一种高炉气流分布的检测方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a)根据高炉炉顶测温装置的个数和位置,将高炉炉喉截面进行区域划分,得到N个测温装置区域;所述N为大于等于1的自然数;
b)根据各测温装置的温度值以及相应的测温装置区域以下的高炉块状带的气体热流量与固体热流量平衡方程,获得各测温装置区域的固-气热流比;
c)根据上述各测温装置区域的固-气热流比,建立各测温装置区域内物料层厚比和气流速度的函数关系;
d)根据各高炉块状带的料层单位长度压差、物料粒度分布以及气体阻力方程获得各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比,根据上述各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比以及上述步骤c)得到的各测温装置区域内物料层厚比与气流速度的函数关系,得到各测温装置区域气流速度;
e)将上述各测温装置区域分布及其气流速度绘制成图,得到气体分布检 测结果。
优选的,步骤d)之后还包括:
d#)根据各测温装置区域内物料层厚比,计算得到平均物料层厚比;根据各测温装置区域气流速度,得到通过测温装置区域的气流总体积,进而得到通过测温装置区域的气流总热量;
将上述步骤得到的平均物料层厚比与理论平均物料层厚比进行比较,得到误差σ1;将上述步骤得到的通过测温装置区域的气流总体积与理论炉顶气流总体积进行比较,得到误差σ2;将上述步骤得到的通过测温装置区域的气流总热量与理论炉顶气流总热量进行比较,得到误差σ3;
当上述σ1、σ2和σ3中的一个或多个,其数值大于等于5%时,修正料层单位长度压差和物料的粒度分布,重新进行上述步骤d),直到σ1、σ2和σ3的数值均小于5%;
当σ1、σ2和σ3的数值均小于5%时,进行上述步骤e)。
优选的,所述物料为矿石和焦炭,所述理论平均物料层厚比的计算公式为:X0=[LO/(LO+LC)]0,其中,LO为矿石层厚度,LC为焦炭层厚度。
优选的,所述各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比为xi,所述平均物料层厚比为Xt,所述平均物料层厚比的计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000001
其中,Si为各测温装置区域的面积,A为高炉炉喉截面的总面积。
优选的,所述物料为矿石和焦炭;所述测温装置区域内的物料层厚比为xi,所述测温装置区域内的气流速度为ui;所述测温装置区域内物料层厚比和气流速度的函数关系为:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000002
其中,Cg为气体比热,Cs为固体比热,Gg为气体流量,GS为固体流量,ρ为炉顶煤气密度,v为固体料床下降速度,ρO为矿石密度,ρC为焦炭密度。
优选的,所述各高炉块状带的气体阻力方程为:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000003
其中,k1 *为粘性阻力系数,k2 *为惯性阻力系数,ΔP/L为单位长度压差,ε为料床孔隙度,Dp为颗粒平均粒径,μ为气体粘度,u为气流速度,ρ为气体密度;
所述焦炭的粘性阻力系数和焦炭的惯性阻力系数分别为:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000004
所述矿石的粘性阻力系数和矿石的惯性阻力系数分别为
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000005
优选的,所述各高炉块状带的料层单位长度压差均相等;
所述各高炉块状带的料层单位长度压差,等于该高炉块状带内焦炭的单位长度压差与矿石的单位长度压差的和。
优选的,所述测温装置为十字测温枪。
本发明还公开了一种高炉气流分布的检测系统,其特征在于,包括:
划分单元,用于根据高炉炉顶测温装置的个数和位置,将高炉炉喉截面进行区域划分,得到N个测温装置区域;所述N为大于等于1的自然数;
第一获得单元,用于根据各测温装置的温度值以及相应的测温装置区域以下的高炉块状带的气体热流量与固体热流量平衡方程,获得各测温装置区域的固-气热流比;
建立单元,用于根据上述各测温装置区域的固-气热流比,建立各测温装置区域内物料层厚比和气流速度的函数关系;
第二获得单元,用于根据各高炉块状带的料层单位长度压差、物料粒度分布以及气体阻力方程获得各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比,根据上述各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比以及上述步骤c)得到的各测温装置区域内物料层厚比与气流速度的函数关系,得到各测温装置区域气流速度;
结果单元,用于将上述各测温装置区域分布及其气流速度绘制成图,得到气体分布检测结果。
优选的,还包括:
校验单元,用于根据各测温装置区域内物料层厚比,计算得到平均物料层厚比;根据各测温装置区域气流速度,得到通过测温装置区域的气流总体积,进而得到通过测温装置区域的气流总热量;
将上述步骤得到的平均物料层厚比与理论平均物料层厚比进行比较,得到误差σ1;将上述步骤得到的通过测温装置区域的气流总体积与理论炉顶气流总体积进行比较,得到误差σ2;将上述步骤得到的通过测温装置区域的气流总热量与理论炉顶气流总热量进行比较,得到误差σ3;
当上述σ1、σ2和σ3中的一个或多个,其数值大于等于5%时,修正料层单位长度压差和物料的粒度分布,重新进行上述步骤d),直到σ1、σ2和σ3的数值均小于5%;
当σ1、σ2和σ3的数值均小于5%时,进行上述步骤e)。
本发明公开了一种高炉气流分布检测方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:a)根据高炉炉顶测温装置的个数和位置,将高炉炉喉截面进行区域划分,得到N个测温装置区域;所述N为大于等于1的自然数;b)根据各测温装置的温度值以及相应的测温装置区域以下的高炉块状带的气体热流量与固体热流量平衡方程,获得各测温装置区域的固-气热流比;c)根据上述各测温装置区域的固-气热流比,建立各测温装置区域内物料层厚比和气流速度的函数关系;d)根据各高炉块状带的料层单位长度压差、物料粒度分布以及气体阻力方程获得各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比,根据上述各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比以及上述步骤c)得到的各测温装置区域内物料层厚比与气流速度的函数关系,得到各测温装置区域气流速度;e)将上述各测温装置区域分布及其气流速度绘制成图,得到气体分布检测结果。与现有技术相比,本发明提供的测量方法,考虑气流与固体料床之间的热量交换,料层结构在高炉径向的分布对高炉径向的透气性的影响,进而影响气流分布的形式,再结合十字测温枪以及其他主要高炉操作参数,计算高炉径向料层结构及气流的分布。依据本发明提供的检测方法,高炉操作者可以从当前径向气流温度分布的变化,及时准确的推测到炉喉部位径向料层结构和气流的分布变化方向,为布料制度的调整提供方向,确保高炉稳定顺行、延长使用寿命并降低燃料比,而且无需其他昂贵的检测仪器。采用本发明提供的检测方法,对不同的操作时间段高炉炉喉径向各个 点的热流比分布,矿石层厚比分布以及气流速度分布进行计算,并比较每次布料矩阵改变前后各参数的变化,实验结果表明,每次布料矩阵改变的方向和本发明计算得到的矿石层厚比分布变化的方向一致,随之的气流分布和温度分布的改变也与预期相同。
附图说明
图1为本发明十字测温枪的设置及径向测温区域的布置图;
图2为本发明高炉内部区域的划分以及高炉块状带内气-固热量平衡示意图;
图3为本发明物料位置,固体气体走向以及炉内在线监测的位置;
图4为本发明实施例1中测温装置区域划分的各区域面积;
图5为本发明实施例1中高炉炉料径向下降速度分布图;
图6为本发明宏发2500高炉2013年底到2014年初操作情况;
图7为本发明从Case1到Case2的各参数变化;
图8为本发明从Case2到Case3的各参数变化;
图9为本发明从Case3到Case4的各参数变化;
图10为本发明从Case4到Case5的各参数变化。
具体实施方式
为了进一步了解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明的优选实施方案进行描述,但是应当理解,这些描述只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点而不是对本发明专利要求的限制。
本发明公开了一种高炉气流分布的检测方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a)根据高炉炉顶测温装置的个数和位置,将高炉炉喉截面进行区域划分,得到N个测温装置区域;所述N为大于等于1的自然数;
b)根据各测温装置的温度值以及相应的测温装置区域以下的高炉块状带的气体热流量与固体热流量平衡方程,获得各测温装置区域的固-气热流比;
c)根据上述各测温装置区域的固-气热流比,建立各测温装置区域内物料层厚比和气流速度的函数关系;
d)根据各高炉块状带的料层单位长度压差、物料粒度分布以及气体阻力方程获得各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比,根据上述各测温装置区域内的物料 层厚比以及上述步骤c)得到的各测温装置区域内物料层厚比与气流速度的函数关系,得到各测温装置区域气流速度;
e)将上述各测温装置区域分布及其气流速度绘制成图,得到气体分布检测结果。
本发明对所使用的符号与概念的定义没有特别要求,以本领域技术人员熟知的本领域的常用符号以及概念即可。
本发明对所引用的热力学计算公式并无特别要求,以本领域技术人员熟知的热力学计算公式即可。
本发明首先根据高炉炉顶测温装置的个数和位置,将高炉炉喉截面进行区域划分,得到N个测温装置区域;所述N为大于等于1的自然数。
本发明对所述测温装置高炉没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的炼铁高炉即可,本发明优选为宏发2500m3高炉;本发明对所述测温装置没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的用于高炉测温的装置即可,本发明优选为十字测温枪;本发明对十字测温枪的个数没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的常规十字测温枪的个数即可,本发明优选为2~4个;本发明对十字测温枪的测温点的个数没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的常规十字测温枪的测温点的个数即可,本发明优选为5~8个,更优选为6~7个;本发明对十字测温枪的位置没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的安装在高炉的十字测温枪的位置即可,本发明优选为在高炉炉喉四壁进行对应安装,更优选为东面和西面,更优选为南面和北面,最优选为东、南、西和北面;本发明对所述测温装置的整体安装位置没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的整体安装位置即可,本发明具体优选为,在高炉炉喉的东南西北四个方向上各装一支十字测温枪,一支十字测温枪6个测温点,另外3支测温枪各5个测温点。本发明对所述测温点的设置方法没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的十字测温枪的测温点设置方法即可,本发明具体的测温点设置方法,优选按照以下步骤进行,测温枪向下15度倾斜安装,测温点沿高炉炉喉径向方向,从中心到边缘等距离布置,每两个十字测温枪的间距优选为500~1000mm,更优选为600~900mm,最优选为800mm;本发明对所述径向方向没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的径向方向即可,本发明所述径向方向为高炉炉喉中心向炉壁的射线方向,所 述径向方向可以与水平面平行,也可以不平行。
本发明对所述测温区域的具体个数,即N的具体取值没有其他特别限制,本领域技术人员可以根据高炉的大小以及实际生产情况自行设定,本发明优选为4~8个,更优选为5~7个,最优选为6个;本发明对所述区域划分的方法没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的十字测温枪的测温区域划分方法即可,本发明具体的划分方法,优选按照以下步骤进行,首先取每两个测温点的中心,以高炉炉喉截面中心为圆心,高炉中心到测温点中心为半径画圆,将炉喉截面沿径向分成6个区域,区域面积分别为S1,S2,S3,S4,S5,S6;在每一个测温区域内,将四个测温枪对应的温度点在四个方向上取平均值,即每个测温装置区域的温度值,最终得到炉顶煤气在炉喉径向上的温度分布。
以上所述十字测温枪和径向测温区域划分的优选方案,可以参见图1,图1为本发明十字测温枪的设置及径向测温区域的布置图。
本发明通过上述方法划分测温区域后,根据各测温装置的温度值以及相应的测温装置区域以下的高炉块状带的气体热流量与固体热流量平衡方程,获得各测温装置区域的固-气热流比。
本发明在高炉块状带部位会达到热平衡,即固体和气体的温度非常接近,即固气之间没有热量传递,这一区域为热平衡区,忽略化学反应及与炉墙的换热带来的热损失,建立气体热流量与固体热流量平衡方程;所述气体热流量与固体热流量平衡方程优选为:CgGg(dT/dZ)=CsGs(dt/dZ);其中,Cg为气体比热,kJ/m3·℃,CS为固体比热,kJ/kg·℃,Gg为气体流量,Nm3/h,Gs为固体流量,kg/h,dT/dZ为气体单位高度的温度变化,℃/m,dt/dZ为固体单位高度的温度变化,℃/m。
本发明中,十字测温枪上每个测温点均满足上述气体热流量与固体热流量平衡方程,即气-固热平衡方程,将上述各十字测温枪的各温度值导入平衡方程,可以计算出十字测温枪径向各点的固-气热流比CsGs/CgGg,即得到所述高炉块状带以上的相应的测温装置区域的固-气热流比;所述固-气热流比的等式为:CsGs/CgGg,i=1…N;所述相应的测温装置区域是指,测温装置区域在沿高炉高度方向与高炉块状带一一对应,且在相应的高炉块状带的上面。所述测温装置区域中的任意一个测温装置区域为第i个区域,所述1≤i≤N;所述i为 大于等于1的自然数。
本发明对所述高炉块状带没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的高炉块状带即可,本发明后续对高炉内部区域的划分均没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的划分方法即可,本发明中高炉优选分为块状带,软熔带,滴落带,回旋区和渣铁五个部分,在高炉内部固体和气体的温度分布具体可以参见图2,图2为本发明高炉内部区域的划分以及高炉块状带内气-固热量平衡示意图。
本发明根据上述步骤得到的各测温装置区域的固-气热流比,建立各测温装置区域内物料层厚比和气流速度的函数关系;所述物料优选为矿石和焦炭;所述测温装置区域内的物料层厚比优选为xi,所述测温装置区域内的气流速度优选为ui;所述测温装置区域内物料层厚比和气流速度的函数关系优选为:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000006
其中,Cg为气体比热,Cs为固体比热,Gg为气体流量,GS为固体流量,ρ为炉顶煤气密度,kg/m3,v为固体料床下降速度,m/s,ρO为矿石密度,kg/m3,ρC为焦炭密度,kg/m3
在本发明中,所述各测温装置区域内固体热流量方程为,
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000007
所述气体热流量的方程为:(CgGg)i=(CgρuS)i
其中,S为测温装置区域内固体料床和气流通过的截面积,Si即是各测温装置区域的面积,
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000008
LO为矿石层厚度,m,LC为焦炭层厚度,m。
本发明对所述高炉内物料的位置、固液气三相的流动方向以及工艺路线并无特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的高炉的运行情况即可,具体可以参见图3,图3为本发明物料位置,固体气体走向以及炉内在线监测的位置。
本发明再根据各高炉块状带的料层单位长度压差(ΔP/L)、物料粒度分布以及气体阻力方程获得各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比,然后与上述步骤得到 的各测温装置区域内物料层厚比与气流速度的函数关系联立,得到各测温装置区域气流速度。
本发明为便于后续计算,所述高炉块状带的料层单位长度压差(ΔP/L)优选为预先给定其数值,本发明对所述ΔP/L的给定方法没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的方法即可,本发明优选根据高炉实际操作的全压差和风口到料线距离来给定;所述高炉块状带的物料粒度分布(dp),即高炉径向焦炭和矿石的粒度分布优选为预先给定其数值,本发明对所述物料粒度分布的给定方法没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的方法即可,本发明优选所述物料粒度分布由炉喉半径关联得到,具体为:dp=f(r)(0≤r≤1)(r为无量纲的炉喉半径),其初始值设为径向均匀分布,即dp=Dp;本发明对所述高炉物料粒度分布的具体关联方法没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的粒度分布或分布曲线的测量方法即可;本发明对所述颗粒平均粒径(Dp)的计算方法没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的平均粒径的计算方法即可,本发明优选为算术平均法。
所述各高炉块状带的料层单位长度压差优选均为相等的数值,即
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000009
并优选将所述各高炉块状带的料层单位长度压差,等于该高炉块状带内焦炭的单位长度压差与矿石的单位长度压差的和,即
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000010
本发明所述各高炉块状带的气体阻力方程优选为:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000011
其中,k1 *为粘性阻力系数,k2 *为惯性阻力系数,ΔP/L为单位长度压差,kPa/m,ε为料床孔隙度,Dp为颗粒平均粒径,m,μ为气体粘度,Pa·s,u为气流速度,m/s,ρ为气体密度,kg/m3
本发明对所述粘性阻力系数和惯性阻力系数没有特别限制,以本领域技术 人员熟知的计算方法即可,本发明优选根据Yamada在(川崎制铁技报,1974,16-36)发表的“Distribution of Burden Materials and Gas permeability in a Large Volume Blast Furnace”中的计算方法得出,
所述焦炭的粘性阻力系数和惯性阻力系数分别为:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000012
所述矿石的粘性阻力系数和惯性阻力系数分别为:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000013
本发明综合上述方程,在给定的ΔP/L,焦炭和矿石粒度分布dp=f(r)(0≤r≤1)的条件下,经过上述步骤的计算,最终得到了各测温装置区域的物料层厚比x1,x2,…xN,气流速度分布u1,u2,…uN
本发明为保障计算数据的可靠性,提高计算数据的准确性,优选对上述计算的数据进行校验,本发明对所述校验的方法没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的校验上述高炉数据的方法即可,本发明优选具体按照以下步骤进行,
首先,根据各测温装置区域内物料层厚比,计算得到平均物料层厚比;根据各测温装置区域气流速度,得到通过测温装置区域的气流总体积,进而得到通过测温装置区域的气流总热量;
然后,将上述步骤得到的平均物料层厚比与理论平均物料层厚比进行比较,得到误差σ1;将上述步骤得到的通过测温装置区域的气流总体积与理论炉顶气流总体积进行比较,得到误差σ2;将上述步骤得到的通过测温装置区域的气流总热量与理论炉顶气流总热量进行比较,得到误差σ3;
再进行误差分析,当上述σ1、σ2和σ3中的一个或多个,其数值大于等于5%时,修正料层单位长度压差和物料的粒度分布,再重新进行上述步骤d),直到σ1、σ2和σ3的数值均小于5%;当σ1、σ2和σ3的数值均小于5%时,进行上述步骤e)。
本发明对检测数据的种类没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的高炉常规状态下的检测数据种类即可,本发明优选为焦炭的批次数据、矿石的批次数据、气体消耗量、炉顶检测到各气体的成分、温度以及压力等;本发明对检测数据的来源没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的高炉常规状态下的检测数据来源即可。
本发明首先将经过上述步骤计算,得到的各测温装置区域内物料层厚比,计算得到平均物料层厚比;根据上述各测温装置区域气流速度,得到通过测温装置区域的气流总体积,进而得到通过测温装置区域的气流总热量;以上所述平均物料层厚比、气流总体积以及气流总热量均为根据实际检测数据,再经过本发明上述计算方法,计算得到的数据。
所述各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比优选为xi,所述平均物料层厚比优选为Xt,所述平均物料层厚比的计算公式优选为:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000014
其中,Si为各测温装置区域的面积,A为高炉炉喉截面的总面积;
所述气流总体积以及气流总热量,优选根据计算的气流速度分布ui计算出炉顶煤气体积Vi和煤气热量Qi分布,将各个点的体积进行累加得到气流总体积和总热量,
Vt=V1+V2+…VN,Qt=Q1+Q2+…QN
本发明再根据给定的焦炭的批次数据和矿石的批次数据,计算得到炉顶的理论平均矿焦层厚比,即理论平均物料层厚比;再根据高炉气体中的N2守恒计算出炉顶干煤气的体积VD;根据炉顶CO2+H2=H2O+CO的反应动力学平衡计算出炉顶水蒸气的体积VH2O,从而计算出炉顶的气体总体积V0和总热量Q0,即理论炉顶气流总体积和理论炉顶气流总热量。所述物料优选为矿石和焦炭,所述理论平均物料层厚比的计算公式优选为:X0=[LO/(LO+LC)]0,其中,LO为矿石层厚度,LC为焦炭层厚度。本发明对所述理论炉顶气流总体积和理论炉顶气流总热量的计算方法没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的依据上述反应的动力学平衡公式的计算方法即可。
本发明将通过上述方法计算出的Xt、Vt和Qt,与按照上述公式得到的理论值X0、V0和Q0,进行比较,得到误差σ1、σ2和σ3。本发明对上述误差的计算方法没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的误差计算方法即可。本发明对所述误差的校验方案没有特别限制,以本领域技术人员熟知的校正方案或校正标准即可,本发明优选按照以下步骤进行,当上述误差值σ1、σ2和σ3中的任意一个,其数值大于等于误差极限时,重新修正料层单位长度压差 (ΔP/L)和物料的粒度分布(dp=f(r)(0≤r≤1)),重新进行上述计算各测温装置区域气流速度的步骤,直到σ1、σ2和σ3的数值均小于误差极限;当上述误差值σ1、σ2和σ3的数值均小于误差极限时,停止校验步骤。所述误差极限优选为3%~7%,更优选为4%~6%,最优选为5%。
本发明经过上述校验步骤后,当所述误差值均小于极限误差后,最后将将上述各测温装置区域分布及其气流速度绘制成图,得到气体分布检测结果。
本发明公开了一种高炉径向料层结构及气流分布的检测方法,本发明公开的检测方法基于高炉主要操作参数如送风条件,焦炭和矿石批重,压差,炉顶煤气成分,温度,根据十字测温枪温度测量点,将炉喉分成若干个圆环状测温装置区域,并对这几个测温装置区域进行气-固热量平衡和气流在物料料层的压力损失计算,得到物料的料层结构以及气流(包括速度,体积以及热量)沿炉喉径向的分布,并用固体的质量平衡,气体的质量平衡和热量平衡来验证和修正。使的操作人员在炉况发生变化,如送风条件,十字测温枪径向分布形式发生变化时能够通过间接手段得到料层结构和气流径向分布的变化趋势,并及时对高炉布料制度作出调整,得到合理的气流分布,确保高炉稳定运行及延长使用寿命,实现降低燃料比的目的。
本发明还提供了一种高炉气流分布的检测系统,包括划分单元,第一获得单元,建立单元,第二获得单元和结果单元,并优选还包括校验单元。上述单元均一一对应本发明提供的高炉气流分布检测方法的相应步骤;由于本发明所述的检测方法具有上述技术效果,本发明提供的高炉气流分布检测系统也具有相同的技术效果。
采用本发明提供的检测方法,对不同的操作时间段高炉炉喉径向各个点的热流比分布,矿石层厚比分布以及气流速度分布进行计算,并比较每次布料矩阵改变前后各参数的变化,实验结果表明,每次布料矩阵改变的方向和本发明计算得到的矿石层厚比分布变化的方向一致,随之的气流分布和温度分布的改变也与预期相同。
为了进一步说明本发明,以下结合实施例对本发明提供的一种高炉气流分布检测方法进行详细描述,本发明的保护范围不受以下实施例的限制。
实施例1
首先在沙钢宏发2500m3高炉中,设置高炉炉顶十字测温枪的温度测量点个数和方位,测量点之间的距离。并在高炉炉喉的东南西北四个方向上各装一支测温枪,一支测温枪6个测温点,另外3支测温枪各5个测温点。取每两个测温点的中心,以高炉中心为圆心,高炉中心到测温点中心为半径画圆,将炉喉截面分成6个部分,面积分别为S1,S2,S3,S4,S5,S6,S1~S6各测温装置区域的面积分布,参见图4,图4为本发明实施例1中十字测温枪测温区域划分的各区域面积。十字测温枪向下15度倾斜安装,测温点从中心到边缘等距离布置,每两个十字测温枪的间距为800mm,将四个测温枪对应的温度点在四个方向上取平均值则有炉顶煤气在炉喉径向的温度分布图。上述设置方式,也可以参见图1~3所示。
然后在高炉中进行在线检测,得到检测数值,参见表1,表1为高炉在线检测的操作参数。
表1高炉在线检测的操作参数
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000015
将热平衡区域的温度设定为1000℃。本发明的模型覆盖高炉炉顶到热平衡区的热量平衡,忽略块状带的化学反应,气体和炉墙的热量交换,以及固体和炉墙的热量交换带来的热量损失。根据气固之间的热量平衡,即气体的热量刚好传递给固体,则有:CgGg(dT/dZ)=CsGs(dt/dZ),各径向测温装置区 域都满足热量平衡有:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000016
其中Ts(top)=25℃,Tg,i(top)为各个测温装置区域在线检测的温度值,根据以上关系计算出径向各测温装置区域内的固-气热流比CsGs/CgGg。如表2所示,表2为本发明实施例1计算得到各参数的数值分布。
基于固-气热流比建立各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比xi与气流速度ui之间的函数关系,
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000017
ρO为矿石密度,取2210kg/m3,ρC为焦炭密度,取500kg/m3,LO为矿石层厚度m,LC为焦炭层厚度m,Cs=1245J/kg·℃。
根据ICHIDA在(ISIJ international,Vol.36(1996),No.5,pp.493-502)中发表的“Radial distribution of Burden Descent Velocity near Burden Surface in Blast Furnace”,高炉炉喉径向炉料下降速度并不均匀,其径向下降速度分布为v=0.2259r+0.8529(0≤r≤1)(r为无量纲的炉喉半径,参见图5,图5为本发明实施例1中高炉炉料径向下降速度分布图。由于径向气流温度不同,气流密度也随之不同,气流密度可根据
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000018
进行计算,其中ρ0,P0,T0分别为标准状态下的气体密度,压力和温度,P和T分别为工作状态下的压力和温度,由在线仪表测量得到。由于径向气流温度不同,径向各点气体比热随之不同,根据《高炉炼铁生产技术手册》中所指出的,各个温度下气体比热为Cp=a+bT+cT-2(J/mol·K),系数a,b,c如表3所示。因此各测温装置区域的 平均比热
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000019
假设径向各点气体成分相同,比热仅随温度变化,则炉顶径向各点的气体比热为,
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000020
其中,α为各气体成分的质量百分比。如表3所示,表3为本发明实施例1中各气体成分的质量百分比。
本发明实施例1中各气体成分的质量百分比
气体 a b c 适用温度(K)
CO 28.4 0.0041 -46000 298-2500
CO2 44.14 0.00904 -854000 298-2500
H2 27.3 0.0033 50000 298-3000
H2O 30 0.0107 33000 298-2500
N2 27.9 0.00427 0 298-2500
最后,计算十字测温枪径向各点的矿石层厚比xi和气流速度ui分布。
根据上述物料层厚比xi与气流速度ui之间的函数关系,
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000021
        ①,
在高炉块状带,应用气体阻力方程:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000022
                 ②,
各个点的单位长度压损等于单位焦炭和矿石的压损和:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000023
       ③,
并且各个点上的单位长度压损相等在块状带:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000024
                 ④,
焦炭孔隙度为0.5,矿石孔隙度为0.43,Dp为颗粒平均粒径,m,焦炭平均粒径为0.045m,矿石平均粒径为0.0173m。
由于径向气流温度不同,径向各点的气体粘度也随之不同μ为气体粘度Pa·s,根据Sutherland公式
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000025
进行计算,T为当前气体温度。
k1 *为粘性阻力系数,k2 *为惯性阻力系数,对于焦炭:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000026
对于矿石:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000027
联立方程①,②,③,④可以得到:
aiu3+biu2+ciu+di=0           ⑤,
其中:ai,bi,ci,di都是xi,ε,Dp,i
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000028
的表达式,根据上面描述可以推导出:
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000030
根据实际高炉的全压差和高炉风口到料线高度,选取ΔP/L的初始值为 0.77Kpa/m,假设焦炭和矿石在炉喉径向粒度均匀分布,求解方程⑤可以给定条件下的一组解:矿石层厚比分布x1,x2,…x6,气流速度分布u1,u2,…u6。如表2所示,表2为本发明实施例1计算得到各参数的数值分布。
验证步骤
(1)计算炉顶理论平均物料层厚比,理论炉顶气流总体积V0和理论炉顶气流总热量Q0
根据表1中给定的固体消耗,气体消耗,炉顶检测到的气体成分,以及炉顶温度,给定焦炭批重为12.2t,矿石批重为71t,计算得到平均料层结构X0=[LO/(LO+LC)]0=0.569;风口区鼓风情况为:风量4547Nm3/min,富氧为17964Nm3/h,喷煤为42.05t/h;炉顶在线气体分析仪检测到的气体成分为,CO:20.34%,CO2:18.93%,H2:2.82%,N2:56.4%,气体压力Ptop=207kPa,气体温度Ttop=121.27℃。则风口带入的N2体积
VN2=BV·0.79+N2coal/60+PCI/60·1000·NPCI·22.4/28,
其中,BV为冷风风量,Nm3/min,N2coal为煤粉载气N2流量,Nm3/h,PCI为喷煤量,t/h,NPCI为煤粉中N含量。
根据N2的平衡可以计算出炉顶干煤气总体积,
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000031
炉顶水蒸汽在450℃下的反应CO+H2O=CO2+H2,反应平衡常数
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000032
可以计算得到炉顶水蒸气VH2O=63.5Nm3/min,则炉顶煤气总体积V0=VD+VH2O=6110.9Nm3/min;
炉顶气体总热量:Q0=Cp·V0·(Ttop-25)=828714KJ/min。
(2)根据表2中上述方法计算的测温装置区域内物料层厚比,计算得到 平均物料层厚比Xt;根据表2中上述各测温装置区域气流速度,得到通过测温装置区域的气流总体积Vi,进而得到通过测温装置区域的气流总热量Qi。上述Vi和Qi值,如表2所示,表2为本发明实施例1计算得到各参数的数值分布。
平均物料层厚比
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000033
A为炉喉截面的总面积54.1m2;根据计算的气体速度ui可以得到各个点通过的气体体积,Vi=ui·Si(i=1…6)。将各个点的体积累加可以得到总的气流体积,则有:Vt=V1+V2+…V6;同理将各个点的Qi=Cp·Vi·[Ti(top)-25](i=1…6)进行累计,得到总的气体热量Qt=Q1+Q2+…Q6
表2本发明实施例1计算得到各参数的数值分布
计算参数 1 2 3 4 5 6
(CsGs/CgGg)i 0.4855 0.7296 0.9128 0.9422 0.9378 0.8807
xi 0.1269 0.3664 0.6307 0.6628 0.6142 0.4995
ui 1.328 1.042 0.8457 0.8228 0.8466 0.9241
Vi 41.73 372.6 887 1399 1897 1492
Qi 31560 142600 106400 110800 161800 246100
(3)数据校验
理论的物料层结构X0是由矿石和焦炭的计算批重得到的,理论炉顶气流总体积V0和理论炉顶气流总热量Q0已由上面N2平衡计算得到。分别比较Xt,Vt,Qt和X0,V0和Q0,并设定误差σ1=[Xt-X0]/X0,σ2=(Vt-V0)/V0,σ3=(Qt-Q0)/Q0(0<σ1,σ2,σ3<5%),如果误差σ1,σ2和σ3超过此范围,修正ΔP/L,并重新计算物料层厚比x1,x2,…x6和气流速度u1,u2,…u6,直到误差在选取的范围内, 最终ΔP/L=1.545kpa/m,停止计算,得到各参数在高炉炉喉径向最终分布。如表3所示,表3为本发明实施例1计算得到参数与理论计算的参数的比较分析。
表3 本发明实施例1计算得到的参数与理论计算的参数的比较分析
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000034
实施例2
料层结构和气流速度分布检测在实际高炉操作中的验证
沙钢宏发1#高炉2013年12月01日到2014年1月20日这段时间,高炉原燃料质量恶化,渣比上升到320kg/t-HM,M40从84降低到81,虽然原料条件恶化,但操作人员通过布料矩阵的调整使高炉的压差降低,并提高煤气利用率,参见图6,图6为本发明宏发2500m3高炉2013年底到2014年初操作情况,如图6所示。主要操作参数发生变化从Case1到Case5,具体参数如表4所示。
表4宏发2500高炉2013年12月到2014年1月主要操作参数变化
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000035
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000036
基于这5个操作区间,分别计算这5段时间内高炉炉喉径向各个测温区域的热流比分布,物料层厚比分布以及气流速度分布。并比较每次布料矩阵改变前后各参数的变化,发现,每次布料矩阵改变的方向和计算得到的矿石层厚比分布变化的方向一致,随之的气流分布和温度分布的改变也与预期相同。
具体分析:参见图7,图7为本发明从Case1到Case2的各参数变化。如图7所示,从Case1到Case2操作人员将布料矩阵从
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000037
改成
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000038
其中Cb a,C为布料矩阵中焦炭的操作项,a为档位,b为圈数;Ob a,O为布料矩阵中矿石的操作项,a为档位,b为圈数。10档靠近炉墙,1档为高炉中心,矿石边缘9档由1圈变化为2圈,可以推断,边缘部位矿石层厚比增加,边缘部位气流速度减小,与计算得到的矿石层厚比xi分布变化及气流速度ui分布变化方向一致。
参见图8,图8为本发明从Case2到Case3的各参数变化。如图8所示,从Case2到Case3,M40显著下降,渣比迅速升高,操作人员将布料矩阵从
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000039
改成
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000040
2圈焦炭从3档去掉,推测对应的中间部位的焦炭增加,矿石层厚比降低,与计算的矿石层厚比分布xi的改变一致。
参见图9,图9为本发明从Case3到Case4的各参数变化。如图9所示,从Case3到Case4,操作人员将布料矩阵从
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000041
改成
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000042
矿石的10档和4档各设置了两圈,可以推测中心部位和中心部位矿石层厚比增加,中间部位矿石层厚比降低,和计算结果基本一致。
参见图10,图10为本发明从Case3到Case4的各参数变化。如图10所示,从Case4到Case5,操作人员将布料矩阵从
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000043
改成
Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-000044
焦炭中间档位“6”、“7”和“8”从2圈变成了3圈,对应的中间部位的矿石层厚比降低,和计算结果也一致,另外矿石10档从2圈变为3圈,对应的边缘部位的矿石层厚比升高和计算结果也一致。
经过上述分析,可以看出,本发明提供的高炉径向矿石层厚比和气流分布的检测方法的准确性,证明了该方法对于指导实际高炉操作存在的价值。
以上对本发明提供的一种高炉气流分布检测方法进行了详细的介绍,本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高炉气流分布的检测方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    a)根据高炉炉顶测温装置的个数和位置,将高炉炉喉截面进行区域划分,得到N个测温装置区域;所述N为大于等于1的自然数;
    b)根据各测温装置的温度值以及相应的测温装置区域以下的高炉块状带的气体热流量与固体热流量平衡方程,获得各测温装置区域的固-气热流比;
    c)根据上述各测温装置区域的固-气热流比,建立各测温装置区域内物料层厚比和气流速度的函数关系;
    d)根据各高炉块状带的料层单位长度压差、物料粒度分布以及气体阻力方程获得各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比,根据上述各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比以及上述步骤c)得到的各测温装置区域内物料层厚比与气流速度的函数关系,得到各测温装置区域气流速度;
    e)将上述各测温装置区域分布及其气流速度绘制成图,得到气体分布检测结果。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的检测方法,其特征在于,步骤d)之后还包括:
    d#)根据各测温装置区域内物料层厚比,计算得到平均物料层厚比;根据各测温装置区域气流速度,得到通过测温装置区域的气流总体积,进而得到通过测温装置区域的气流总热量;
    将上述步骤得到的平均物料层厚比与理论平均物料层厚比进行比较,得到误差σ1;将上述步骤得到的通过测温装置区域的气流总体积与理论炉顶气流总体积进行比较,得到误差σ2;将上述步骤得到的通过测温装置区域的气流总热量与理论炉顶气流总热量进行比较,得到误差σ3;
    当上述σ1、σ2和σ3中的一个或多个,其数值大于等于5%时,修正料层单位长度压差和物料的粒度分布,重新进行上述步骤d),直到σ1、σ2和σ3的数值均小于5%;
    当σ1、σ2和σ3的数值均小于5%时,进行上述步骤e)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的检测方法,其特征在于,所述物料为矿石和焦炭,所述理论平均物料层厚比的计算公式为:X0=[LO/(LO+LC)]0,其中,LO为 矿石层厚度,LC为焦炭层厚度。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的检测方法,其特征在于,所述各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比为xi,所述平均物料层厚比为Xt,所述平均物料层厚比的计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-100001
    其中,Si为各测温装置区域的面积,A为高炉炉喉截面的总面积。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的检测方法,其特征在于,所述物料为矿石和焦炭;所述测温装置区域内的物料层厚比为xi,所述测温装置区域内的气流速度为ui;所述测温装置区域内物料层厚比和气流速度的函数关系为:
    Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-100002
    其中,Cg为气体比热,Cs为固体比热,Gg为气体流量,GS为固体流量,ρ为炉顶煤气密度,v为固体料床下降速度,ρO为矿石密度,ρC为焦炭密度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的检测方法,其特征在于,所述各高炉块状带的气体阻力方程为:
    Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-100003
    其中,k1 *为粘性阻力系数,k2 *为惯性阻力系数,ΔP/L为单位长度压差,ε为料床孔隙度,Dp为颗粒平均粒径,μ为气体粘度,u为气流速度,ρ为气体密度;
    所述焦炭的粘性阻力系数和焦炭的惯性阻力系数分别为:
    Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-100004
    所述矿石的粘性阻力系数和矿石的惯性阻力系数分别为
    Figure PCTCN2014086931-appb-100005
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的检测方法,其特征在于,所述各高炉块状带的料层单位长度压差均相等;
    所述各高炉块状带的料层单位长度压差,等于该高炉块状带内焦炭的单位长度压差与矿石的单位长度压差的和。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的检测方法,其特征在于,所述测温装置为十字测温枪。
  9. 一种高炉气流分布的检测系统,其特征在于,包括:
    划分单元,用于根据高炉炉顶测温装置的个数和位置,将高炉炉喉截面进行区域划分,得到N个测温装置区域;所述N为大于等于1的自然数;
    第一获得单元,用于根据各测温装置的温度值以及相应的测温装置区域以下的高炉块状带的气体热流量与固体热流量平衡方程,获得各测温装置区域的固-气热流比;
    建立单元,用于根据上述各测温装置区域的固-气热流比,建立各测温装置区域内物料层厚比和气流速度的函数关系;
    第二获得单元,用于根据各高炉块状带的料层单位长度压差、物料粒度分布以及气体阻力方程获得各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比,根据上述各测温装置区域内的物料层厚比以及上述步骤c)得到的各测温装置区域内物料层厚比与气流速度的函数关系,得到各测温装置区域气流速度;
    结果单元,用于将上述各测温装置区域分布及其气流速度绘制成图,得到气体分布检测结果。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的检测系统,其特征在于,还包括:
    校验单元,用于根据各测温装置区域内物料层厚比,计算得到平均物料层厚比;根据各测温装置区域气流速度,得到通过测温装置区域的气流总体积,进而得到通过测温装置区域的气流总热量;
    将上述步骤得到的平均物料层厚比与理论平均物料层厚比进行比较,得到误差σ1;将上述步骤得到的通过测温装置区域的气流总体积与理论炉顶气流总体积进行比较,得到误差σ2;将上述步骤得到的通过测温装置区域的气流总热量与理论炉顶气流总热量进行比较,得到误差σ3;
    当上述σ1、σ2和σ3中的一个或多个,其数值大于等于5%时,修正料层单位长度压差和物料的粒度分布,重新进行上述步骤d),直到σ1、σ2和σ3的数值均小于5%;
    当σ1、σ2和σ3的数值均小于5%时,进行上述步骤e)。
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