WO2016031491A1 - 固体酸触媒、及び酸化物の製造方法 - Google Patents
固体酸触媒、及び酸化物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016031491A1 WO2016031491A1 PCT/JP2015/071827 JP2015071827W WO2016031491A1 WO 2016031491 A1 WO2016031491 A1 WO 2016031491A1 JP 2015071827 W JP2015071827 W JP 2015071827W WO 2016031491 A1 WO2016031491 A1 WO 2016031491A1
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- oxygen
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- RRBYUSWBLVXTQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclene Chemical compound C12CC3CC2C1(C)C3(C)C RRBYUSWBLVXTQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRBYUSWBLVXTQN-VZCHMASFSA-N tricyclene Natural products C([C@@H]12)C3C[C@H]1C2(C)C3(C)C RRBYUSWBLVXTQN-VZCHMASFSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
- B01J31/28—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of the platinum group metals, iron group metals or copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D311/76—Benzo[c]pyrans
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid acid catalyst for oxidation reaction in the presence of oxygen-ozone used when a substrate is oxidized in the presence of oxygen and ozone, and a method for producing an oxide using the solid acid catalyst.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method of oxidizing a compound capable of generating a radical with molecular oxygen or the like using a fat-soluble imide compound as a catalyst. According to this method, a wide variety of organic substrates can be oxidized to obtain corresponding oxides. However, this method has not always been industrially satisfactory in terms of the conversion rate of the substrate and the yield of the target compound.
- the present inventors have found that when a substrate is oxidized in the presence of a specific solid acid catalyst and in the coexistence of oxygen and ozone, the substrate can be oxidized at a high conversion rate. It was found that the corresponding oxides (oxygen-containing compounds, etc.) were obtained in a yield, and the present invention was completed.
- a solid acid catalyst for oxidation reaction used when oxidizing the following substrate (A) in the presence of oxygen and ozone, and a strong acid or super strong acid having a Hammett acidity function (H 0 ) of ⁇ 9 or less
- a solid acid catalyst for oxidation in the coexistence of oxygen-ozone wherein a transition metal is supported in the form of a simple substance, a compound or an ion on a support having at least a surface thereof.
- Substrate (A) (A1) a compound having a carbon-hydrogen bond adjacent to the heteroatom, (A2) a compound having a carbon-heteroatom double bond, (A3) a compound having a methine carbon atom, (A4) A compound having a carbon-hydrogen bond adjacent to a saturated bond, (A5) an alicyclic compound, (A6) a conjugated compound, (A7) an amine compound, (A8) an aromatic compound, (A9) a linear alkane, and (A10) Compound selected from olefin [2] A solid acid catalyst for oxidation reaction used when oxidizing the following substrate (A) in the presence of oxygen and ozone, comprising sulfuric acid, sulfated metal oxide, noble metal
- the transition metal is a simple substance, a compound, on a support having at least one strong acid or super strong acid selected from the group consisting of a sulfated metal oxide, a metal oxide superacid, and a fluorinated sulfonic acid
- the compound (A1) having a carbon-hydrogen bond at the adjacent position of the heteroatom is (A1-1) a primary or secondary alcohol, or a primary or Secondary thiol; (A1-2) ether having a carbon-hydrogen bond adjacent to an oxygen atom, or sulfide having a carbon-hydrogen bond adjacent to
- the compound (A2) having a carbon-heteroatom double bond is (A2-1) a carbonyl group-containing compound, (A2-2) a thiocarbonyl group-containing compound, or (A2-3) imines.
- the compound (A3) having the methine carbon atom is (A3-1) a cyclic compound containing a methine group (that is, a methine carbon-hydrogen bond) as a structural unit of the ring, or (A3-2) a methine carbon
- the compound (A4) having a carbon-hydrogen bond adjacent to the unsaturated bond is (A4-1) an aromatic having a methyl group or a methylene group adjacent to the aromatic ring (so-called benzyl position).
- the solid acid catalyst according to any one of [1] to [5], which is a compound or (A4-2) a non-aromatic compound having a methyl group or a methylene group at the position adjacent to the unsaturated bond.
- the solid acid catalyst according to any one of [6].
- the conjugated compound (A6) is a conjugated diene (A6-1), an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated nitrile (A6-2), an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof (A6-3).
- the hydrocarbon is at least one selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an alicyclic hydrocarbon, and an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- the carrier is a pellet or a granular material made of a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin, or a carrier having a solid surface formed with a film of a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin.
- the substrate is oxidized in the presence of a specific solid acid catalyst and in the coexistence of oxygen and ozone, the oxidation rate is remarkably improved, and a wide range of substrates can be oxidized at a high conversion rate. Even if the substrate is a hydrocarbon, particularly a linear alkane, an oxide (oxygen-containing compound or the like) can be obtained with a high yield.
- reaction substrate As the organic compound (organic substrate) used as the reaction substrate (A) in the present invention, a compound capable of generating a stable radical is preferable, (A1) a compound having a carbon-hydrogen bond adjacent to the heteroatom, (A2) A compound having a carbon-heteroatom double bond, (A3) a compound having a methine carbon atom, (A4) a compound having a carbon-hydrogen bond adjacent to the unsaturated bond, (A5) an alicyclic compound, (A6) Examples include compounds selected from conjugated compounds, (A7) amine compounds, (A8) aromatic compounds, (A9) linear alkanes, and (A10) olefins.
- These compounds may have various substituents as long as they do not inhibit the reaction.
- substituents include a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, an oxo group, a substituted oxy group (for example, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an acyloxy group, etc.), a substituted thio group, a carboxyl group, a substituted oxycarbonyl group, Substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl group, cyano group, nitro group, substituted or unsubstituted amino group, sulfo group, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, alicyclic hydrocarbon group, aromatic hydrocarbon group, heterocyclic group, etc. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the compound (A1) having a carbon-hydrogen bond adjacent to the hetero atom include (A1-1) primary or secondary alcohol, or primary or secondary thiol, (A1-2) oxygen atom An ether having a carbon-hydrogen bond adjacent to a sulfur atom, or a sulfide having a carbon-hydrogen bond adjacent to a sulfur atom, (A1-3) an acetal having a carbon-hydrogen bond adjacent to an oxygen atom (including hemiacetal) ), Or a thioacetal (including thiohemiacetal) having a carbon-hydrogen bond adjacent to the sulfur atom.
- the primary or secondary alcohol in (A1-1) includes a wide range of alcohols.
- the alcohol may be monovalent, divalent, or polyhydric alcohol.
- Representative primary alcohols include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, 2-buten-1-ol, ethylene glycol, Saturated or unsaturated aliphatic primary alcohols having about 1 to 30 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 20, particularly preferably 1 to 15) such as trimethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, pentaerythritol; cyclopentylmethyl alcohol, cyclohexylmethyl Saturated or unsaturated alicyclic primary alcohols such as alcohol and 2-cyclohexylethyl alcohol; aromatic primary alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, 3-phenylpropyl alcohol and cinnamon alcohol; 2-hydroxy Me Heterocyclic alcohols such as Rupirijin like.
- Typical secondary alcohols include 2-propanol, sec-butyl alcohol, 2-pentanol, 2-octanol, 2-penten-4-ol, 1,2-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol, Saturated or unsaturated aliphatic secondary alcohols having about 3 to 30 carbon atoms (preferably 3 to 20, particularly preferably 3 to 15) such as vicinal diols such as 2,3-pentanediol; 1-cyclopentylethanol Secondary alcohols in which an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an alicyclic hydrocarbon (such as a cycloalkyl group) are bonded to a carbon atom to which a hydroxyl group is bonded, such as 1-cyclohexylethanol; cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol , Cyclooctanol, cyclododecanol, 2-cyclohexen-1-ol, 2-adamantanol, bridgehead About 3
- representative alcohols include 1-adamantane methanol, ⁇ -methyl-1-adamantane methanol, 3-hydroxy- ⁇ -methyl-1-adamantane methanol, 3-carboxy- ⁇ -methyl-1-adamantane methanol, ⁇ -Methyl-3a-perhydroindenemethanol, ⁇ -methyl-4a-decalinmethanol, ⁇ -methyl-4a-perhydrofluorenemethanol, ⁇ -methyl-2-tricyclo [5.2.1.0 2,6 ] decane
- alcohols having a bridged ring hydrocarbon group such as methanol and ⁇ -methyl-1-norbornanemethanol (compounds having a bridged ring hydrocarbon group bonded to a carbon atom to which a hydroxyl group is bonded).
- Examples of the primary or secondary thiol in (A1-1) include thiols corresponding to the primary or secondary alcohol.
- Examples of the ether having a carbon-hydrogen bond at the position adjacent to the oxygen atom in (A1-2) include aliphatic ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, diallyl ether; , Aromatic ethers such as phenetole, dibenzyl ether and phenylbenzyl ether; cyclic ethers such as dihydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, pyran, dihydropyran, tetrahydropyran, morpholine, chroman, and isochroman (with aromatic or non-aromatic rings condensed) May be included).
- aliphatic ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, diallyl ether
- Aromatic ethers such as phenetole, dibenzyl
- Examples of the acetal having a carbon-hydrogen bond at the position adjacent to the oxygen atom in (A1-3) include an acetal derived from an aldehyde and an alcohol or an acid anhydride, and the acetal includes a cyclic acetal and a non-acetal. Cyclic acetals are included.
- aldehyde examples include aliphatic aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde and isobutyraldehyde; alicyclic aldehydes such as cyclopentanecarbaldehyde and cyclohexanecarbaldehyde; aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde and phenylacetaldehyde, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the alcohol include monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and benzyl alcohol; ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dibromo-1, And dihydric alcohols such as 3-propanediol.
- Representative acetals include 1,3-dioxolane compounds such as 1,3-dioxolane, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane and 2-ethyl-1,3-dioxolane; 2-methyl-1,3-dioxane and the like 1,3-dioxane compounds; and dialkyl acetal compounds such as acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal.
- Examples of the thioacetal having a carbon-hydrogen bond adjacent to the sulfur atom in (A1-3) include thioacetals corresponding to the acetal having a carbon-hydrogen bond adjacent to the oxygen atom.
- Examples of the compound (A2) having a carbon-heteroatom double bond include (A2-1) a carbonyl group-containing compound, (A2-2) a thiocarbonyl group-containing compound, (A2-3) imines, and the like.
- Carbonyl group-containing compounds (A2-1) include ketones and aldehydes, for example, chain ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 3-pentanone, methyl vinyl ketone, methyl cyclohexyl ketone, acetophenone; Cyclic ketones such as pentanone, cyclohexanone, 4-methylcyclohexanone, isophorone, cyclodecanone, cyclododecanone, 1,4-cyclooctanedione, 2,2-bis (4-oxocyclohexyl) propane, 2-adamantanone; biacetyl 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds ( ⁇ -
- Examples of the thiocarbonyl group-containing compound (A2-2) include thiocarbonyl group-containing compounds corresponding to the carbonyl group-containing compound (A2-1).
- the imines (A2-3) include the carbonyl group-containing compound (A2-1) and ammonia or amines (for example, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, hexylamine, benzylamine, cyclohexylamine, aniline, etc. And imines (including oximes and hydrazones) derived from hydroxylamines such as hydroxylamine and O-methylhydroxylamine; hydrazines such as hydrazine, methylhydrazine and phenylhydrazine.
- ammonia or amines for example, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, hexylamine, benzylamine, cyclohexylamine, aniline, etc.
- imines including oximes and hydrazones
- hydroxylamines such as hydroxylamine and O-methylhydroxylamine
- hydrazines such as hydrazine
- the compound (A3) having a methine carbon atom includes (A3-1) a cyclic compound containing a methine group (that is, a methine carbon-hydrogen bond) as a structural unit of the ring, and (A3-2) a chain having a methine carbon atom.
- A3-1 a cyclic compound containing a methine group (that is, a methine carbon-hydrogen bond) as a structural unit of the ring
- A3-2 a chain having a methine carbon atom.
- the cyclic compound (A3-1) includes (A3-1a) a bridged cyclic compound having at least one methine group, and (A3-1b) a non-aromatic cyclic compound (alicyclic ring) having a hydrocarbon group bonded to the ring.
- the bridged cyclic compound includes a compound in which two rings share two carbon atoms (for example, a hydrogenated product of condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons).
- bridged cyclic compound (A3-1a) examples include decalin, bicyclo [2.2.0] hexane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, bicyclo [3.2.1] octane, and bicyclo [4. 3.2] Undecane, Bicyclo [3.3.3] Undecane, Tujon, Karan, Pinan, Pinene, Bornan, Bornylene, Norbornane, Norbornene, Camphor, Camphoric acid, Camphene, Tricyclene, Tricyclo [5.2.1.
- 1,7,10 ] 2-4 cyclic bridged hydrocarbons or bridged heterocyclic compounds such as dodecane, perhydroanthracene, perhydroacenaphthene, perhydrophenanthrene, perhydrophenalene, perhydroindene, quinuclidine , And derivatives thereof.
- These bridged cyclic compounds have a methine carbon atom at the bridge head position (corresponding to the bonding site when two rings share two atoms).
- non-aromatic cyclic compound (A3-1b) having a hydrocarbon group bonded to the ring examples include 1-methylcyclopentane, 1-methylcyclohexane, limonene, menten, menthol, carbomentone, menthone, and the like having 1 to Examples thereof include about 3 to 15-membered alicyclic hydrocarbons having about 20 (preferably 1 to 10) hydrocarbon groups (for example, alkyl groups) bonded to the ring, and derivatives thereof.
- the non-aromatic cyclic compound (A3-1b) in which a hydrocarbon group is bonded to a ring has a methine carbon atom at the bonding site between the ring and the hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the chain compound (A3-2) having a methine carbon atom include chain hydrocarbons having a tertiary carbon atom [for example, isobutane, isopentane, isohexane, 3-methylpentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, -Aliphatic hydrocarbons having about 4 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 4 to 10) such as methylhexane, 3-methylhexane, 3,4-dimethylhexane, and 3-methyloctane, and derivatives thereof] it can.
- chain hydrocarbons having a tertiary carbon atom for example, isobutane, isopentane, isohexane, 3-methylpentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, -Aliphatic hydrocarbons having about 4 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 4 to 10) such as methylhexane, 3-methylhexane, 3,4-dimethylhexane, and 3-methyloc
- (A4) having a carbon-hydrogen bond adjacent to the unsaturated bond (A4-1) an aromatic compound having a methyl group or a methylene group adjacent to the aromatic ring (so-called benzyl position), (A4-2) Non-aromatic compounds having a methyl group or a methylene group at an adjacent position of an unsaturated bond (for example, a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond such as a carbon-oxygen double bond).
- the aromatic ring may be either an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- Aromatic hydrocarbon rings include benzene rings and condensed carbocyclic rings (eg, condensed carbocyclic rings in which 2 to 10 4- to 7-membered carbocyclic rings such as naphthalene, azulene, indacene, anthracene, phenanthrene, triphenylene, and pyrene are condensed) ) Is included.
- the aromatic heterocycle includes, for example, a heterocycle containing an oxygen atom as a hetero atom (for example, a 5-membered ring such as furan, oxazole and isoxazole, a 6-membered ring such as 4-oxo-4H-pyran, benzofuran, Condensed rings such as benzofuran and 4-oxo-4H-chromene), heterocycles containing a sulfur atom as a heteroatom (eg, 5-membered rings such as thiophene, thiazole, isothiazole, thiadiazole, 4-oxo-4H-thiopyran, etc.
- a heterocycle containing an oxygen atom as a hetero atom for example, a 5-membered ring such as furan, oxazole and isoxazole, a 6-membered ring such as 4-oxo-4H-pyran, benzofuran, Condensed rings such as benzofuran and 4-oxo-4H-chro
- 6-membered rings condensed rings such as benzothiophene, etc.
- heterocycles containing nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms for example, 5-membered rings such as pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole and triazole, 6-membered rings such as pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, etc. Ring, indole, quinoline, acridine, naphthyridine, quinazoline, purine, etc.
- the methylene group adjacent to the aromatic ring may be a methylene group constituting a non-aromatic ring fused to the aromatic ring.
- both a methyl group and a methylene group may be present at a position adjacent to the aromatic ring.
- aromatic compound having a methyl group adjacent to the aromatic ring examples include aromatic hydrocarbons having about 1 to 6 methyl groups substituted on the aromatic ring (for example, toluene, o-xylene, m- Xylene, p-xylene, ot-butyltoluene, mt-butyltoluene, pt-butyltoluene, 1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene, 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, 1-isopropyl-4 -Methylbenzene, 1-t-butyl-4-methylbenzene, 1-methoxy-4-methylbenzene, mesitylene, pseudocumene, durene, methylnaphthalene, dimethylnaphthalene, methylanthracene, 4,4'-dimethylbiphenyl, tolualdehyde, Dimethylbenzaldehyde, trimethylbenzaldehyde, toluic acid,
- aromatic compound having a methylene group adjacent to the aromatic ring examples include aromatic hydrocarbons having an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms or a substituted alkyl group (for example, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, butylbenzene, 1 , 4-diethylbenzene, diphenylmethane, etc.), aromatic heterocyclic compounds having an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms or substituted alkyl groups (for example, 2-ethylfuran, 3-propylthiophene, 4-ethylpyridine, 4-butylquinoline) Etc.), a compound in which a non-aromatic ring is condensed to an aromatic ring, and a compound having a methylene group at a site adjacent to the aromatic ring in the non-aromatic ring (for example, dihydronaphthalene, indene, Indane, tetralin, fluorene, acenaphthen
- Non-aromatic compounds (A4-2) having a methyl group or methylene group adjacent to the unsaturated bond include, for example, (A4-2a) a chain unsaturated carbonization having a methyl group or methylene group at the so-called allylic position.
- the hydrogen compound include a compound having a methyl group or a methylene group adjacent to the (A4-2b) carbonyl group.
- chain unsaturated hydrocarbons (A4-2a) examples include propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 2-hexene, 1,5-hexadiene, 1-octene, Examples thereof include chain unsaturated hydrocarbons having about 3 to 20 carbon atoms such as 3-octene and undecatriene.
- Examples of the compound (A4-2b) include ketones (for example, chain ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 3-pentanone and acetophenone; cyclic ketones such as cyclohexanone), carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof (for example, acetic acid, propion) Acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, phenylacetic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, and esters thereof).
- ketones for example, chain ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 3-pentanone and acetophenone
- cyclic ketones such as cyclohexanone
- carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof for example, acetic acid, propion
- Examples of the cycloalkanes (A5-1) include cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclononane, cyclodecane, cyclododecane, cyclotetradecane, cyclohexadecane, cyclotetracosane, and cyclotriacontane. And the like, and compounds having 3 to 30 members (preferably 5 to 30 members, particularly preferably 5 to 20 members) cycloalkane ring, and derivatives thereof.
- the cycloalkenes (A5-2) include, for example, 3 to 30 members (preferably 3 to 3) such as cyclopropene, cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclooctene, cyclohexene, 1-methyl-cyclohexene, isophorone, cycloheptene, cyclododecaene and the like.
- the conjugated compound (A6) includes conjugated dienes (A6-1), ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated nitriles (A6-2), ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof (for example, esters, amides, acids Anhydride, etc.) (A6-3) and the like.
- conjugated dienes (A6-1) examples include butadiene, isoprene, 2-chlorobutadiene, 2-ethylbutadiene and the like.
- the conjugated diene (A6-1) includes a compound in which a double bond and a triple bond are conjugated (for example, vinyl acetylene).
- Examples of the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated nitrile (A6-2) include (meth) acrylonitrile.
- Examples of the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid or its derivative (A6-3) include (meth) acrylic acid; methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) ) (Meth) acrylic acid esters such as butyl acrylate and (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl; and (meth) acrylamide derivatives such as (meth) acrylamide and N-methylol (meth) acrylamide.
- Examples of the amine compound (A7) include primary or secondary amines [for example, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dibutylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, hydroxyl group.
- Aliphatic amines such as amine and ethanolamine;
- Alicyclic amines such as cyclopentylamine and cyclohexylamine;
- Aromatic amines such as benzylamine and toluidine; Cyclic amines such as pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine and indoline (aromatic or non-aromatic) Family ring may be condensed)] and the like.
- aromatic compound (A8) examples include aromatic hydrocarbons having at least one benzene ring, such as benzene, naphthalene, acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, anthracene, naphthacene, and the like; And condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the like. Further, the benzene ring may be condensed with a non-aromatic carbocycle, an aromatic heterocycle, or a non-aromatic heterocycle. These aromatic compounds may have one or two or more substituents.
- aromatic compound having a substituent examples include 2-chloronaphthalene, 2-methoxynaphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, 1-bromoanthracene, 2-methylanthracene, 2-t-butylanthracene. 2-carboxyanthracene, 2-ethoxycarbonylanthracene, 2-cyanoanthracene, 2-nitroanthracene, 2-methylpentalene and the like.
- linear alkane (A9) examples include about 1 to 30 carbon atoms (preferably carbon such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, tetradecane, hexadecane, etc. And linear alkanes of the formula 1 to 20).
- Examples of the olefin (A10) include a plurality of carbon-carbon double bonds such as ⁇ -olefin, internal olefin, and diene, which may have a substituent (eg, hydroxyl group, acyloxy group, etc.). Examples include olefins.
- the above substrate (A) may be used alone, or two or more of the same or different may be used in combination.
- oxygen as an oxidizing agent is used in the presence of ozone, so that the substrate can be oxidized with a very excellent oxidizing power. Therefore, linear alkane (A9) which is generally difficult to oxidize can also be oxidized efficiently, and the corresponding oxide (oxygen-containing compound) can be obtained in high yield.
- the substrate (A) is particularly preferably a hydrocarbon.
- the hydrocarbon include aliphatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Aliphatic hydrocarbons include, for example, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nonadecane, icosane, henicosane, docosane.
- Linear alkanes such as triacontane and tetracontane (for example, linear alkanes having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 20 carbon atoms); 2-methylpropane, 2-methylbutane, 2,2-dimethylpropane, Branched chain alkanes such as 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane, 3,4-dimethylhexane, 3-methyloctane (for example, having 3 carbon atoms -30, preferably 4-20 branched chains Alkane, etc.); straight chain such as propylene, isobutylene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 2-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1,4-hexadiene, etc.
- alicyclic hydrocarbon examples include cycloalkanes such as cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclononane, cyclodecane, cyclododecane, cyclotetradecane, cyclohexadecane, and cyclotriacontane [3 to 30.
- cycloalkanes such as cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclononane, cyclodecane, cyclododecane, cyclotetradecane, cyclohexadecane, and cyclotriacontane [3 to 30.
- Cycloalkanes such as cyclopropene, cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclooctene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclododecaene [3 to 30 members (preferably 5 to 30 members, particularly preferably 5 to 20 members)].
- aromatic hydrocarbons examples include aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 20 carbon atoms such as benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene.
- the hydrocarbon may have one or more groups selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and an aromatic hydrocarbon group as a substituent.
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group include groups obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from the structural formula of the aliphatic hydrocarbon (monovalent or divalent or higher aliphatic hydrocarbon group).
- Examples of the monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group include straight chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl and decyl.
- branched alkyl groups alkenyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as vinyl, isopropenyl, and 1-butenyl groups; alkynyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as ethynyl and propynyl groups, and the like can be given.
- the divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group include linear or branched alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, isopropylidene, and tetramethylene groups.
- the trivalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group include an alkanetriyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as a 1,2,3-propanetriyl group.
- Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include groups obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from the structural formula of the alicyclic hydrocarbon (monovalent or divalent or higher alicyclic hydrocarbon group).
- Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups; cycloalkenyl groups such as cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl groups; adamantan-1-yl, norbornane-2-yl, norbornane-7,7- Examples thereof include a bridged cyclic hydrocarbon group such as a diyl group.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group examples include groups obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from the structural formula of the aromatic hydrocarbon (monovalent or divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group).
- aromatic hydrocarbon group examples include phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene group, and the like.
- the hydrocarbon includes a compound in which an alicyclic hydrocarbon and an aromatic hydrocarbon are condensed in a form in which two carbon atoms are shared.
- examples of such compounds include indane, tetralin, fluorene, acenaphthene and the like.
- the hydrocarbon may or may not have one or more substituents other than the hydrocarbon group as long as the reaction is not impaired.
- the carbon number of the hydrocarbon used as the reaction substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 2 to 30, more preferably 3 to 25, and further preferably 4 to 20.
- preferred hydrocarbons include propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nonadecane, icosane and the like.
- Alkane for example, linear alkane having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 20 carbon atoms
- alkanes cyclopentane, cyclohexane, etc.
- Loalkane [3-30 membered (preferably 5-30 membered, particularly preferably 5-20 membered) cycloalkane]]; toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, ot-butyltoluene, m -T-butyltoluene, pt-butyltoluene, 1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene, 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, 1-isopropyl-4-methylbenzene, 1-t-butyl-4-methylbenzene , Mesitylene, pseudocumene, durene, methylnaphthalene, dimethylnaphthalene, methylanthracene, 4,4'-dimethylbiphenyl, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, butylbenzene, 1,4-diethylbenzene, etc., one or more alkyl groups in the aromatic ring
- the present invention is particularly useful when a linear alkane is used as a substrate because even a linear alkane, which is difficult to oxidize in a high yield by the conventional method, can be oxidized with a high yield.
- oxygen as an oxidizing agent is used in the presence of ozone.
- the reaction is carried out in the presence of oxygen and ozone or in the circulation of oxygen gas and ozone gas.
- oxygen as an oxidizing agent together with ozone
- the extraction of hydrogen from the substrate (A) can be promoted, and the radical reaction can be activated. Therefore, the oxidation reaction can be promoted even under mild conditions (reaction pressure: normal pressure, reaction temperature: about room temperature to 200 ° C., preferably 50 to 130 ° C., particularly preferably 60 to 100 ° C.).
- reaction pressure normal pressure
- reaction temperature about room temperature to 200 ° C., preferably 50 to 130 ° C., particularly preferably 60 to 100 ° C.
- the amount of ozone gas in the ozone gas-containing oxygen gas is, for example, about 0.1 to 10% by volume of oxygen gas from the viewpoint of reactivity and economy.
- molecular oxygen it is preferable to use molecular oxygen as oxygen.
- molecular oxygen pure oxygen may be used, and oxygen diluted with an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, argon, carbon dioxide, or air at normal pressure or pressure (1 to 100 atm) is used. May be.
- the usage-amount of molecular oxygen will not be specifically limited if it is 1 mol or more with respect to 1 mol of substrates (A) as a substrate.
- ozone has an action as a radical generator. It is preferable to use ozone gas as ozone.
- the usage-amount of ozone gas will not be specifically limited if it is 0.01 mol or more with respect to 1 mol of substrates (A).
- the ozone gas may be supplied intermittently or continuously as long as the reaction proceeds smoothly.
- azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or the like can be used together with ozone as a radical generator.
- the solid acid catalyst for oxidation in the presence of oxygen-ozone of the present invention comprises a carrier having at least a strong acid or a super strong acid having a Hammett acidity function (H 0 ) of ⁇ 9 or less, a transition metal as a simple substance, compound or ion.
- the solid acid catalyst for oxidation in the coexistence of oxygen-ozone of the present invention is composed of sulfuric acid, sulfated metal oxide, noble metal / sulfated metal oxide, metal oxide superacid, and fluorinated sulfonic acid resin.
- the catalyst may be such that the transition metal is supported in the form of a simple substance, a compound or an ion on a carrier having at least one selected strong acid or super strong acid on the surface.
- Examples of the strong acid or super strong acid whose Hammett acidity function (H 0 ) is ⁇ 9 or less include concentrated sulfuric acid, solid strong acid, solid super strong acid [Hammett acidity function (H 0 ) is smaller than ⁇ 11.93. Acid] and the like.
- a liquid super strong acid for example, SbF 5 , BF 3 , BF—SbF 5 , FSO 3 H—SbF 5 , TaF 5, etc.
- a solid for example, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Immobilized liquid superacid supported on zeolite, SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 , polymer, graphite, metal, etc .; AlCl 3 or AlBr 3 and CuSO 4 , CuCl 2 , Ti 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , or TiCl 3
- Binary metal salts prepared by grinding and mixing; sulfate ions into metal oxides (eg Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , SnO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 etc.) Sulfated metal oxide adsorbed, baked and supported and bonded; Noble metal / sulfated metal oxide in which a noble metal such as
- a metal oxide (example If, ZrO 2, SnO 2, are adsorbed on TiO 2, Fe 2 O 3, etc.), a metal oxide and calcined at a high temperature super strong; acidic or super strongly acidic ion exchange resin (-CF 3, CF 2, SO Non-porous or porous ion exchange resins having strong acid groups such as 3 H or super strong acid groups); heteropolyacids (polyacids containing elements such as P, Mo, V, W, and Si) and the like.
- the strong acid or super strong acid ion exchange resin include fluorinated sulfonic acid resins (fluorine resins having a group containing a sulfonic acid group in the side chain).
- Preferred fluorinated sulfonic acid resins include copolymers of a perfluorovinyl ether monomer having a sulfonic acid group and tetrafluoroethylene [for example, “Nafion (registered trademark) NR50” (manufactured by Aldrich), “Nafion (registered trademark) ) H "(manufactured by DuPont), etc.].
- sulfated metal oxide, noble metal / sulfated metal oxide, metal oxide super strong acid, strong acid or super strong acid ion exchange resin fluorinated sulfonic acid resin, etc.
- sulfated metal oxides, noble metal / sulfated metal oxides, and fluorinated sulfonic acid resins are preferable. Since sulfated metal oxides, noble metals / sulfated metal oxides, and fluorinated sulfonic acid resins have particularly high acid strength, they can carry a transition metal compound more effectively.
- the sulfated metal oxide is preferably sulfated zirconia, sulfated tin, sulfated hafnium, etc.
- the noble metal / sulfated metal oxide is Pt / sulfated zirconia, Ir / sulfated zirconia, Pd / sulfated zirconia. Etc. are preferred.
- sulfated zirconia and fluorinated sulfonic acid resins which are easily available industrially, can be suitably used as the carrier.
- the carrier is preferably a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin (for example, a copolymer of a perfluorovinyl ether monomer having a sulfonic acid group such as “Nafion (registered trademark)” and tetrafluoroethylene).
- a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin for example, a copolymer of a perfluorovinyl ether monomer having a sulfonic acid group such as “Nafion (registered trademark)” and tetrafluoroethylene.
- Examples of the “carrier having at least a strong acid or a super strong acid whose Hammett acidity function (H 0 ) is ⁇ 9 or less” include (i) a strong acid whose Hammett acidity function (H 0 ) is ⁇ 9 or less. Or, a super strong acid itself is used as a carrier, and (ii) a solid surface formed with a strong acid or super strong acid film whose Hammett acidity function (H 0 ) is ⁇ 9 or less.
- Examples of the solid in (ii) include Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , zeolite, SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 , inorganic oxides (including composite oxides) such as glass, activated carbon, graphite, and metals. Inorganic substances; resin (polymer) and the like.
- the resin include fluorine resins such as Teflon (registered trademark) and Daiflon, polyester resins, polyolefin resins, polycarbonate resins, polystyrene resins, polyamide resins, and polyimide resins.
- the shape and particle size of the carrier are not particularly limited, and are selected from pellets, powders, granules, films, tubes, and other shapes usually used as solid catalysts. can do.
- the carrier may be formed as a coating on the inner wall surface of a reactor such as a flow reactor.
- a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin film is formed on the surface of pellets or granules made of a fluorinated sulfonic acid resin, or a solid [eg, resin or inorganic substance (inorganic oxide, etc.)].
- Preferred carriers are preferred.
- a metal element belonging to Groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table is often used.
- the metal elements Group 3 elements (Sc, lanthanoid elements, actinoid elements, etc.), Group 4 elements (Ti, Zr, Hf, etc.), Group 5 elements (V, etc.), Group 6 elements (Cr, Mo, etc.) , W etc.), Group 7 element (Mn etc.), Group 8 element (Fe, Ru etc.), Group 9 element (Co, Rh etc.), Group 10 element (Ni, Pd, Pt etc.), Group 11 element (Cu Etc.), Group 12 elements (Zn, etc.) and the like.
- the metal elements Group 3 elements (Sc, lanthanoid elements, actinoid elements, etc.), Group 4 elements (Ti, Zr, Hf, etc.), Group 5 elements (V, etc.), Group 6 elements (Cr, Mo, etc.) , W etc.), Group 7 element (Mn etc.), Group 8 element (Fe, Ru etc.), Group 9 element (Co
- Preferred metal elements include Group 5 to 11 elements of the periodic table, and examples include Group 5 to Group 9 elements (Co, Mn, Fe, V, Mo, etc.). Among these, Co, Mn, Fe, Zr, Ce, V, Mo, and W are preferable, and Co, Mn, Fe, Zr, and V are particularly preferable.
- the valence of the metal element is not particularly limited and is, for example, about 0 to 6, preferably 2 to 5, more preferably 2 to 3.
- transition metal compounds include simple substances, hydroxides, oxides (including composite oxides), halides (fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides), oxoacid salts (eg, nitrates, sulfuric acids) Salts, phosphates, borates, carbonates, etc.), inorganic compounds such as isopolyacid salts, heteropolyacid salts; organic acid salts (eg acetate, propionate, cyanate, naphthenate, stearin) Acid salts; alkyl sulfonates such as methane sulfonate, ethane sulfonate, octane sulfonate, dodecane sulfonate, etc.
- inorganic compounds such as isopolyacid salts, heteropolyacid salts; organic acid salts (eg acetate, propionate, cyanate, naphthenate, stearin) Acid salts;
- transition metal compound examples include, for example, a cobalt compound, an inorganic compound such as cobalt hydroxide, cobalt oxide, cobalt chloride, cobalt bromide, cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, and cobalt phosphate; cobalt acetate, Examples thereof include organic acid salts such as cobalt naphthenate and cobalt stearate; divalent or trivalent cobalt compounds such as complexes such as cobalt acetylacetonate.
- a cobalt compound an inorganic compound such as cobalt hydroxide, cobalt oxide, cobalt chloride, cobalt bromide, cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, and cobalt phosphate
- cobalt acetate examples thereof include organic acid salts such as cobalt naphthenate and cobalt stearate; divalent or trivalent cobalt compounds such as complexes such as cobalt acet
- manganese compounds include inorganic compounds such as manganese hydroxide, manganese oxide, manganese chloride, and manganese sulfate; divalent to pentavalent manganese compounds such as complexes such as manganese acetylacetonate.
- transition metal element compounds include compounds corresponding to the cobalt or manganese compounds.
- the transition metal compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more. It is also preferable to use a combination of a plurality of transition metal compounds having different valences (for example, a divalent metal compound and a trivalent metal compound).
- transition metal compound in the present invention As a transition metal compound in the present invention, as a transition metal, Co (cobalt), Mn (manganese), Fe (iron), Zr (zirconium), Ce (cerium), V (vanadium), Mo (molybdenum) or W ( Tungsten), in particular, compounds having Co, Mn, Fe, Zr or V are preferable, and cobalt compounds and manganese compounds (especially cobalt compounds and organic acid salts of manganese compounds) are preferable, and cobalt compounds and manganese compounds are particularly preferable. Is preferably used in combination in that the decrease in the activity of the catalyst can be suppressed.
- transition metal ions cobalt ions, manganese ions, iron ions, zirconium ions, cerium ions and the like are preferable, and it is particularly preferable to use cobalt ions, manganese ions, or a combination of cobalt ions and manganese ions.
- a method of loading the transition metal on the carrier in the form of a simple substance, a compound or an ion a conventional method such as an impregnation method, a firing method, a precipitation method, an ion exchange method, or the like can be used.
- carrier is formed as a film on the inner wall surface of reactors, such as a flow reactor, a transition metal can be carry
- the supported amount of the transition metal is, for example, about 0.001 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight in terms of metal atoms in the transition metal compound or the like with respect to the carrier. About 0.1 to 10% by weight.
- the amount of ion exchange is, for example, about 0.001 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight in terms of metal atoms in the transition metal ions.
- the substrate (A) is oxidized in the presence of oxygen and ozone in the presence of the solid acid catalyst.
- a solvent may be used, but a solvent may not be used.
- the amount of the solvent used is, for example, that the total amount of the substrate (A) and the oxide of the substrate (A) is about 70% by weight or more, preferably 85% by weight or more, particularly preferably the total amount of liquid components in the reaction system. The amount is 95% by weight or more.
- a solvent is not substantially used, it is not necessary to isolate
- the solvent examples include organic acids such as acetic acid and propionic acid; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile and benzonitrile; amides such as formamide, acetamide, dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; aliphatic such as hexane and octane.
- Hydrocarbons Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene and trifluoromethylbenzene; Nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene, nitromethane and nitroethane; Esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; and mixtures thereof A solvent etc. are mentioned.
- the amount of the solid acid catalyst used (the total amount when two or more types are used) is, based on the substrate (A), as a transition metal supported on the carrier in the solid acid catalyst when the reaction mode is batch. For example, it is about 0.00001 to 10 mol%, preferably 0.2 to 2 mol%.
- an imide compound having a cyclic imide skeleton in order to further promote the oxidation reaction of the substrate (A), an imide compound having a cyclic imide skeleton (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “imide compound”) may be used together with the solid acid catalyst.
- imide compound having a cyclic imide skeleton include compounds represented by the following formula (I).
- n 0 or 1.
- X represents an oxygen atom or an —OR group (R represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl protecting group).
- the bond between the nitrogen atom and X is a single bond or a double bond.
- the imide compound may have a plurality of cyclic imide skeletons represented by the formula (I) in the molecule.
- R represents a protecting group for a hydroxyl group
- examples of the protecting group for the hydroxyl group represented by R include an alkyl group (for example, a C 1-4 alkyl group such as methyl and t-butyl group), an alkenyl group (for example, an allyl group, etc.) ), Cycloalkyl group (for example, cyclohexyl group, etc.), aryl group (for example, 2,4-dinitrophenyl group, etc.), aralkyl group (for example, benzyl, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl, 3-bromobenzyl, 2-nitro) Substituted methyl group (eg, methoxymethyl, methylthiomethyl, benzyloxymethyl, t-butoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxymethyl, bis (2- Chloroethoxy) methyl, 2- (trimethylsilyl) ethoxymethyl group, etc.), substituted ethyl groups (eg 1-
- Saturated or Saturated acyl group Saturated or Saturated acyl group; acetoacetyl group; alicyclic acyl group such as cycloalkanecarbonyl group such as cyclopentanecarbonyl and cyclohexanecarbonyl group; aromatic acyl group such as benzoyl and naphthoyl group; sulfonyl group (methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl) , Trifluoromethanesulfonyl, benzenesulfonyl, p-toluenesulfonyl, naphthalenesulfonyl groups, etc.), alkoxycarbonyl groups (eg, C 1-4 alkoxy-carbonyl groups such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl groups, etc.), aralkyl An oxycarbonyl group (eg, benz
- R in the case where a plurality of cyclic imide skeletons excluding R (N-oxy cyclic imide skeleton) are bonded via R is, for example, oxalyl, malonyl , Succinyl, glutaryl, adipoyl, phthaloyl, isophthaloyl, terephthaloyl group and other polycarboxylic acid acyl groups; carbonyl groups; methylene, ethylidene, isopropylidene, cyclopentylidene, cyclohexylidene, benzylidene groups and other polyvalent hydrocarbon groups ( In particular, a group that forms an acetal bond with two hydroxyl groups).
- Preferable R includes, for example, a hydrogen atom; a group capable of forming an acetal or hemiacetal group with a hydroxyl group; an OH group is removed from an acid such as carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, carbonic acid, carbamic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or boric acid.
- hydrolyzable protecting groups that can be removed by hydrolysis of the above groups (acyl group, sulfonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, etc.).
- n 0 or 1. That is, Formula (I) represents a 5-membered cyclic imide skeleton when n is 0, and represents a 6-membered cyclic imide skeleton when n is 1.
- a typical example of the imide compound is an imide compound represented by the following formula (1).
- n 0 or 1.
- X represents an oxygen atom or an —OR group (R represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl protecting group).
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, A substituted oxycarbonyl group, an acyl group or an acyloxy group is shown.
- At least two of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 may be bonded to each other to form a double bond, and form a ring with the carbon atoms constituting the cyclic imide skeleton. May be. R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , or R 6 , or at least two of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are bonded together. In the ring formed together with the carbon atom constituting the double bond or the cyclic imide skeleton, one or more cyclic imide groups represented by the above formula (1) may be further formed.
- the halogen atoms in the substituents R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 of the imide compound represented by the formula (1) include iodine, bromine, chlorine, and fluorine atoms.
- Alkyl groups include, for example, about 1 to 30 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, hexyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl groups, etc.
- Examples of the aryl group include phenyl and naphthyl groups, and examples of the cycloalkyl group include cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups.
- Examples of the alkoxy group include about 1 to 30 carbon atoms such as methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, t-butoxy, hexyloxy, octyloxy, decyloxy, dodecyloxy, tetradecyloxy, and octadecyloxy groups (particularly, carbon An alkoxy group of about several 1 to 20).
- Substituted oxycarbonyl groups include, for example, C 1-30 alkoxy-carbonyl groups such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, hexyloxycarbonyl, decyloxycarbonyl, hexadecyloxycarbonyl groups, etc.
- cycloalkyloxycarbonyl groups such as cyclopentyloxycarbonyl and cyclohexyloxycarbonyl groups (especially 3- to 20-membered cycloalkyloxycarbonyl groups); phenyloxycarbonyl, naphthyloxycarbonyl groups aryloxycarbonyl group such as (in particular, C 6-20 aryloxy - carbonyl group); aralkyloxycarbonyl group such as benzyloxycarbonyl group (particularly, C 7-21 Ararukiruo Sheet - carbonyl group).
- Acyl groups include, for example, C 1-30 aliphatic acyl groups such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl, octanoyl, decanoyl, lauroyl, myristoyl, palmitoyl, stearoyl groups (especially C 1 Aliphatic saturated or unsaturated acyl groups such as -20 aliphatic acyl groups; acetoacetyl groups; alicyclic acyl groups such as cycloalkanecarbonyl groups such as cyclopentanecarbonyl and cyclohexanecarbonyl groups; aromatics such as benzoyl and naphthoyl groups Group acyl group and the like.
- C 1-30 aliphatic acyl groups such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, pi
- Acyloxy groups include, for example, formyloxy, acetyloxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, isobutyryloxy, valeryloxy, pivaloyloxy, hexanoyloxy, octanoyloxy, decanoyloxy, lauroyloxy, myristoyloxy, palmitoyloxy, stearoyloxy
- An aliphatic saturated or unsaturated acyloxy group such as a C 1-30 aliphatic acyloxy group (particularly a C 1-20 aliphatic acyloxy group); an acetoacetyloxy group; a cyclopentanecarbonyloxy group, a cyclohexanecarbonyloxy group, etc.
- Examples include alicyclic acyloxy groups such as cycloalkanecarbonyloxy group; aromatic acyloxy groups such as benzoyloxy and naphthoyloxy groups.
- the ring includes a hydrocarbon ring, a heterocyclic ring, and a condensed heterocyclic ring.
- such a ring examples include a non-aromatic alicyclic ring (a cycloalkane ring which may have a substituent such as a cyclohexane ring, a cyclohexane which may have a substituent such as a cyclohexene ring). Alkene ring, etc.), non-aromatic bridged ring (eg, bridged hydrocarbon ring optionally having substituent such as 5-norbornene ring), aromatic ring optionally having substituent ( (Including a condensed ring) (benzene ring, naphthalene ring, etc.).
- a non-aromatic alicyclic ring a cycloalkane ring which may have a substituent such as a cyclohexane ring, a cyclohexane which may have a substituent such as a cyclohexene ring.
- Alkene ring, etc. non-aromatic
- substituents that the ring may have include, for example, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, a substituted oxycarbonyl group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, a nitro group, a cyano group, and an amino group.
- halogen atoms include, for example, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, a substituted oxycarbonyl group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, a nitro group, a cyano group, and an amino group.
- halogen atoms include, for example, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, a substituted oxycarbonyl group, an acyl group, an acyloxy
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , or R 6 or at least two of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are bonded together.
- one or more cyclic imide groups represented by the above formula (1) may be further formed, for example, R When 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , or R 6 is an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms, the cyclic imide group is formed including two adjacent carbon atoms constituting the alkyl group. May be.
- the cyclic imide group is formed including the double bond. May be. Further, when at least two of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are bonded to each other to form a ring with the carbon atoms constituting the cyclic imide skeleton, the ring is formed.
- the cyclic imide group may be formed including two adjacent carbon atoms.
- Preferred imide compounds include compounds represented by the following formula.
- R 11 to R 16 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, a substituted oxycarbonyl group, an acyl group, or an acyloxy group. Indicates a group.
- R 17 to R 26 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, a substituted oxycarbonyl group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an amino group, Or a halogen atom is shown.
- R 17 to R 26 are groups in which adjacent groups are bonded to each other to form a 5-membered or 6-membered member represented by the formula (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1h), or (1i)
- the cyclic imide skeleton may be formed.
- A represents a methylene group or an oxygen atom.
- X is the same as above.
- the halogen atom, alkyl group, aryl group, cycloalkyl group, hydroxyl group, alkoxy group, carboxyl group, substituted oxycarbonyl group, acyl group, and acyloxy group are the same as those in R 1 to R 6 . Examples corresponding to the corresponding groups are exemplified.
- the alkyl group is the same alkyl group as the above exemplified alkyl group (preferably an alkyl group having about 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly preferably a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms).
- the haloalkyl group is a haloalkyl group having about 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a trifluoromethyl group
- the alkoxy group is the same alkoxy group as described above (particularly a lower alkoxy group having about 1 to 4 carbon atoms)
- the substituted oxycarbonyl group include the same substituted oxycarbonyl groups as described above (alkoxycarbonyl group, cycloalkyloxycarbonyl group, aryloxycarbonyl group, aralkyloxycarbonyl group, etc.).
- acyl group examples include the same acyl groups as described above (aliphatic saturated or unsaturated acyl group, acetoacetyl group, alicyclic acyl group, aromatic acyl group, etc.), and the acyloxy group is the same as described above.
- examples include acyloxy groups (aliphatic saturated or unsaturated acyloxy groups, acetoacetyloxy groups, alicyclic acyloxy groups, aromatic acyloxy groups, etc.).
- halogen atom examples include fluorine, chlorine and bromine atoms.
- the substituents R 17 to R 26 are particularly preferably a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group having about 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, a substituted oxycarbonyl group, a nitro group, or a halogen atom.
- the substrate (A) can be oxidized with a very excellent oxidizing power. Therefore, the solubility parameter [SP value; the temperature at which the evaporation energy of the oxygen atom (—O—) constituting the ester bond is 3350 J / mol and the molar volume is 3.8 cm 3 / mol by the Fedors method of the imide compound (25 ° C. )] Exceeds, for example, 26 [(MPa) 1/2 ] (preferably exceeds 26 [(MPa) 1/2 ] and 40 [(MPa) 1/2 ] or less).
- Representative examples of compounds having a 5-membered cyclic imide skeleton among preferable imide compounds include N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxy- ⁇ -methylsuccinimide, N-hydroxy- ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylsuccinimide.
- Typical examples of compounds having a 6-membered cyclic imide skeleton among preferred imide compounds include N-hydroxyglutarimide, N-hydroxy- ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylglutarimide, N-hydroxy- ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylglutarimide.
- a compound in which X is an —OR group and R is a hydrogen atom is a conventional imidization reaction, for example, reacting a corresponding acid anhydride with hydroxylamine, It can be produced by a method of imidizing via ring opening and ring closing of an acid anhydride group.
- a compound in which X is an —OR group and R is a hydroxyl protecting group is introduced into a compound in which the corresponding R is a hydrogen atom (N-hydroxyimide compound). It can manufacture by introduce
- N-acetoxyphthalimide can be produced by reacting N-hydroxyphthalimide with acetic anhydride or reacting acetyl halide in the presence of a base.
- Particularly preferred imide compounds are N-hydroxyimide compounds derived from aliphatic polyvalent carboxylic anhydrides or aromatic polycarboxylic anhydrides (for example, N-hydroxysuccinimide (SP value: 33.5 [( MPa) 1/2 ]), N-hydroxyphthalimide (SP value: 33.4 [(MPa) 1/2 ]), N, N′-dihydroxypyromellitic diimide, N-hydroxyglutarimide, N-hydroxy- 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid imide, N, N′-dihydroxy-1,8; 4,5-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide), and the like, by introducing a protecting group into the hydroxyl group of the N-hydroxyimide compound The resulting compound is included.
- N-hydroxysuccinimide SP value: 33.5 [( MPa) 1/2 ]
- N-hydroxyphthalimide SP value: 33.4 [(MPa) 1/2 ]
- An imide compound can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the imide compound may be produced in the reaction system.
- the trade name “N-hydroxyphthalimide” manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the trade name “N-hydroxysuccinimide” Manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the like can be suitably used.
- the imide compound may be used in a form supported on a carrier (for example, a porous carrier such as activated carbon, zeolite, silica, silica-alumina, bentonite, etc.).
- a carrier for example, a porous carrier such as activated carbon, zeolite, silica, silica-alumina, bentonite, etc.
- the amount of the imide compound used is, for example, about 0.0000001 to 1 mol, preferably 0.00001 to 0.5 mol, particularly preferably 0.0001 to 0.4 mol, relative to 1 mol of the substrate (A). .
- the imide compound within the above range, the oxidation reaction can proceed at an excellent reaction rate.
- Examples of the metal element constituting the metal compound include cobalt, manganese, zirconium, and molybdenum.
- the valence of the metal element is not particularly limited, and is about 0 to 6, for example.
- the metal compound examples include simple substances, hydroxides, oxides (including composite oxides), halides (fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides), oxo acid salts (eg, nitrates, sulfates) of the above metal elements. , Phosphates, borates, carbonates, etc.), inorganic compounds such as isopolyacid salts, heteropolyacid salts; organic acid salts (eg acetate, propionate, cyanate, naphthenate, stearic acid) Salt) and organic compounds such as complexes.
- inorganic compounds such as isopolyacid salts, heteropolyacid salts; organic acid salts (eg acetate, propionate, cyanate, naphthenate, stearic acid) Salt) and organic compounds such as complexes.
- Examples of the ligand constituting the complex include OH (hydroxo), alkoxy (methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, etc.), acyl (acetyl, propionyl, etc.), alkoxycarbonyl (methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, etc.), acetylacetonato , Cyclopentadienyl group, halogen atom (chlorine, bromine, etc.), CO, CN, oxygen atom, H 2 O (aco), phosphine (triarylphosphine, etc., triarylphosphine), phosphorus compound, NH 3 (ammine) ), NO, NO 2 (nitro), NO 3 (nitrato), nitrogen-containing compounds such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, pyridine, and phenanthroline.
- OH hydroxo
- alkoxy methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, etc.
- acyl
- the metal compound include, for example, a cobalt compound, inorganic compounds such as cobalt hydroxide, cobalt oxide, cobalt chloride, cobalt bromide, cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, and cobalt phosphate; cobalt acetate, naphthene
- examples thereof include organic acid salts such as cobalt acid and cobalt stearate; divalent or trivalent cobalt compounds such as complexes such as cobalt acetylacetonate.
- other metal element compounds include compounds corresponding to the cobalt compounds.
- a metal compound can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. In the present invention, it is preferable to use at least a cobalt compound in that the reaction rate can be remarkably improved, and it is particularly preferable to use a combination of a cobalt compound and a manganese compound.
- the amount of the metal compound used (the total amount when two or more are used) is, for example, about 0.00001 to 10 mol%, preferably 0.2 to 2 mol%, relative to the substrate (A).
- the amount of the metal compound used is, for example, about 0.001 to 10 mol, preferably 0.005 to 3 mol, and particularly preferably about 0.1 mol to 1 mol of the imide compound. 01 to 1 mole.
- the reaction temperature in the oxidation reaction can be appropriately selected according to the type of the substrate (A), the type of the target product, etc., for example, about room temperature to 200 ° C., preferably 50 to 130 ° C. Preferably, it is 60 to 100 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out at normal pressure or under pressure. When the reaction is carried out under pressure, it is usually about 0.1 to 10 MPa (preferably 0.15 to 8 MPa, particularly preferably 0.5 to 8 MPa). . In the present invention, since oxygen as an oxidizing agent is used together with ozone, the oxidation reaction can proceed smoothly even under normal pressure (0.1 MPa).
- the reaction time can be appropriately adjusted according to the reaction temperature and pressure, and is, for example, about 0.1 to 20 hours, preferably 1 to 10 hours.
- the oxidation reaction can be performed by a conventional method such as a batch system, a semi-batch system, or a continuous system.
- a conventional method such as a batch system, a semi-batch system, or a continuous system.
- the imide compound when used, when the imide compound is sequentially added to the system, the substrate can be oxidized with a higher conversion rate, and an oxide can be obtained with a higher selectivity.
- an oxide corresponding to the substrate (A) used in the reaction for example, alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, hydroperoxide or the like is generated.
- a heteroatom-containing compound (A1) having a carbon-hydrogen bond at a position adjacent to a heteroatom is used as the substrate (A)
- a compound in which the carbon atom adjacent to the heteroatom is oxidized is generated.
- Cheap a compound having a carbon-heteroatom double bond (eg, a carbonyl group-containing compound) (A2) is used, a compound in which the carbon atom (eg, carbonyl carbon atom) associated with the carbon-heteroatom double bond is oxidized Easy to generate.
- the compound (A3) having a methine carbon atom When the compound (A3) having a methine carbon atom is used, a compound in which the methine carbon atom is oxidized is easily generated.
- the compound (A4) having a carbon-hydrogen bond at the position adjacent to the unsaturated bond When the compound (A4) having a carbon-hydrogen bond at the position adjacent to the unsaturated bond is used, a compound in which the carbon atom related to the carbon-hydrogen bond is oxidized is likely to be generated.
- the alicyclic compound (A5) When the alicyclic compound (A5) is used, a compound in which carbon atoms constituting the alicyclic ring are oxidized is easily generated.
- the conjugated compound (A6) When the conjugated compound (A6) is used, a compound in which the carbon atom constituting the conjugated double bond is oxidized is easily generated.
- the amine compound (A7) When the amine compound (A7) is used, a compound in which the nitrogen atom constituting the amino group or the carbon atom adjacent to the amino group is oxidized is easily generated.
- the aromatic compound (A8) When the aromatic compound (A8) is used, the carbon atom constituting the aromatic ring is easily oxidized, and when the hydrocarbon group is bonded to the aromatic ring, the carbon atom at the site adjacent to the aromatic ring is oxidized. Compound is easily formed.
- linear alkane (A9) When linear alkane (A9) is used, the terminal carbon atom is easily oxidized, but the methylene carbon atom may be oxidized.
- the olefin (A10) When the olefin (A10) is used, the carbon atom related to the carbon-carbon double bond or the carbon atom adjacent to the carbon-carbon double bond is likely to be oxidized, and an epoxy compound may be generated.
- the oxide can be separated and purified by separation means such as filtration, concentration, distillation, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, column chromatography, etc., or a separation means combining these.
- the substrate (A) for example, a substrate that is difficult to oxidize, such as a linear alkane
- the substrate (A) is rapidly oxidized under mild conditions, and the corresponding oxide (oxygen-containing compound or the like) is obtained.
- the corresponding oxide oxygen-containing compound or the like
- an imide compound having a cyclic imide skeleton is used, an imide compound having a low solubility with respect to the substrate (for example, hydrocarbon) (for example, a SP value exceeding 26) is used. Even in the absence of any solvent, the oxidation reaction proceeds rapidly.
- Example 1 In a 30 mL three-necked flask, put 0.300 g of cobalt acetate tetrahydrate (0.071 g as cobalt) and 0.293 g of manganese acetate tetrahydrate (0.066 g as manganese), add 10.0 g of acetic acid, and add a homogeneous solution It was. 3.00 g of Nafion pellets (trade name “Nafion”, manufactured by DuPont, fluorinated sulfonic acid resin) was added and stirred at 100 ° C. for 8 hours. The solid was filtered and washed with 30 mL acetic acid.
- Nafion pellets trade name “Nafion”, manufactured by DuPont, fluorinated sulfonic acid resin
- the metal concentration in the aqueous phase was analyzed by ICP, and the loadings of cobalt and manganese on Nafion pellets were calculated based on this value. The results were 2.0 wt% cobalt and 1.9 wt% manganese.
- Example 2 A 20% by weight Nafion dispersion (manufactured by DuPont) is poured into a Teflon (registered trademark) tube having an inner diameter of 2.0 mm and a length of 1.5 m, and dried at about 100 ° C.
- a Teflon (registered trademark) tube (inner diameter: 1.0 mm) on which a 5 mm Nafion film was formed was prepared.
- a 5 wt% acetic acid solution of cobalt acetate [Co (OAc) 2 ] was poured into the tube, heated at about 100 ° C. for 1 hour, and then dried at 120 ° C., whereby the inner wall was ion-exchanged with cobalt ions.
- a flow reactor in which a super strong acidic ion exchange resin (fluorinated sulfonic acid resin) film was formed was prepared.
- the cobalt concentration in the superacidic ion exchange resin coating was measured by ICP emission spectrometry and found to be 2.4% by weight.
- Example 3 A 100 mL SUS pressure-resistant reactor equipped with a gas vent line and an insertion tube (manufactured by Pressure Glass Industrial Co., Ltd., TVS-1 type) is supplied with N-hydroxyphthalimide (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “NHPI”), SP value: 33.4 [(MPa) 1/2 ]) 0.808 g (4.95 mmol, 10.0 mol% of the substrate), tetradecane [manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.] 10.0 g (50.4 mmol) After the addition, it was set in an oil bath and a gas vent line was connected.
- NHPI N-hydroxyphthalimide
- Air containing ozone gas generated using an ozone generator (trade name “SG-01-PSA2”, manufactured by Sumitomo Precision Industries, Ltd.) (oxygen content: 20.7 vol%, ozone gas content: 0.00 3% by volume) into the liquid in the reactor (1000 mL / min) was started, and when the reactor was heated and the internal temperature reached 90 ° C., the cobalt produced in Example 1 and 0.635 g of manganese-supported Nafion pellets (cobalt 2.0 wt%, manganese 1.9 wt%) was added to initiate the reaction.
- the tetradecane conversion rate after 8 hours at 90 ° C. was measured using gas chromatography (column: 007-FFAP), it was 4.9%. Tetradecanol, tetradecanone, and tetradecanoic acid were produced.
- Comparative Example 1 A substrate conversion rate of 0.4% was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that air containing no ozone gas was used instead of air containing ozone gas.
- Example 4 When the same procedure as in Example 3 was performed except that NHPI was not used, the substrate conversion rate was 2.9%.
- Example 5 When the same procedure was carried out as in Example 3 except that the substrate was changed from tetradecane to 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, the substrate conversion rate was 6.4%. In addition, 4-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentane, neopentyl alcohol, and acetone were produced.
- Comparative Example 2 A substrate conversion rate of 0.5% was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that air containing no ozone gas was used instead of air containing ozone gas.
- Example 6 When the same procedure was carried out as in Example 3 except that the substrate was changed from tetradecane to n-heptane, the substrate conversion rate was 4.9%. In addition, 2-hydroxyheptane, 2-heptanone, and 2,6-heptanedione were produced.
- Comparative Example 3 A substrate conversion rate of 0.4% was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that air containing no ozone gas was used instead of air containing ozone gas.
- Example 7 When the same procedure was performed as in Example 3 except that the substrate was changed from tetradecane to toluene, the substrate conversion rate was 33%. Benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and benzoic acid were produced.
- Comparative Example 4 A substrate conversion rate of 2.6% was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that air containing no ozone gas was used instead of air containing ozone gas.
- Example 8 When the same procedure was performed as in Example 3 except that the substrate was changed from tetradecane to cyclohexane (833 mmol), the substrate conversion was 8%. Cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol were produced.
- Comparative Example 5 A substrate conversion rate of 1.0% was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that air containing no ozone gas was used instead of air containing ozone gas.
- Example 9 When the same procedure was carried out as in Example 3 except that the substrate was changed from tetradecane to cyclohexene (889 mmol), the substrate conversion was 10%. In addition, 2,3-cyclohexen-1-ol and 2,3-cyclohexen-1-one were produced.
- Comparative Example 6 A substrate conversion rate of 1.3% was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that air containing no ozone gas was used instead of air containing ozone gas.
- Example 10 When the same procedure was performed as in Example 3 except that the substrate was changed from tetradecane to isochroman (716 mmol), the substrate conversion was 14%. 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin was produced.
- Comparative Example 7 A substrate conversion rate of 1.7% was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that air containing no ozone gas was used instead of air containing ozone gas.
- Example 11 When the substrate was changed from tetradecane to cumene (647 mmol) and sulfuric acid was added after completion of the reaction, the same procedure as in Example 3 was carried out. The substrate conversion rate was 11%. Phenol was generated.
- Comparative Example 8 A substrate conversion rate of 1.5% was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that air containing no ozone gas was used instead of air containing ozone gas.
- the substrate is oxidized in the presence of a specific solid acid catalyst and in the coexistence of oxygen and ozone, the oxidation rate is remarkably improved, and a wide range of substrates can be oxidized at a high conversion rate. Even if the substrate is a hydrocarbon, particularly a linear alkane, an oxide (oxygen-containing compound or the like) can be obtained with a high yield.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の他の目的は、基質から高い収率で酸化物(含酸素化合物等)を得る方法を提供することにある。
[1]下記基質(A)を酸素とオゾンの共存下で酸化する際に用いる酸化反応用の固体酸触媒であって、ハメットの酸度関数(H0)が-9以下である強酸若しくは超強酸を少なくとも表面に有する担体に、遷移金属が、単体、化合物又はイオンの形態で担持されていることを特徴とする酸素-オゾン共存下酸化用固体酸触媒。
基質(A):(A1)ヘテロ原子の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物、(A2)炭素-ヘテロ原子二重結合を有する化合物、(A3)メチン炭素原子を有する化合物、(A4)不飽和結合の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物、(A5)脂環式化合物、(A6)共役化合物、(A7)アミン化合物、(A8)芳香族化合物、(A9)直鎖状アルカン、及び(A10)オレフィンから選択される化合物
[2]下記基質(A)を酸素とオゾンの共存下で酸化する際に用いる酸化反応用の固体酸触媒であって、硫酸、硫酸化金属酸化物、貴金属/硫酸化金属酸化物、金属酸化物超強酸、及びフッ素化スルホン酸系樹脂からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の強酸若しくは超強酸を少なくとも表面に有する担体に、遷移金属が、単体、化合物又はイオンの形態で担持されていることを特徴とする酸素-オゾン共存下酸化用固体酸触媒。
基質(A):(A1)ヘテロ原子の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物、(A2)炭素-ヘテロ原子二重結合を有する化合物、(A3)メチン炭素原子を有する化合物、(A4)不飽和結合の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物、(A5)脂環式化合物、(A6)共役化合物、(A7)アミン化合物、(A8)芳香族化合物、(A9)直鎖状アルカン、及び(A10)オレフィンから選択される化合物
[3]前記ヘテロ原子の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物(A1)が、(A1-1)第1級若しくは第2級アルコール、又は第1級若しくは第2級チオール;(A1-2)酸素原子の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有するエーテル、又は硫黄原子の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有するスルフィド;又は、(A1-3)酸素原子の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有するアセタール(ヘミアセタールも含む)、又は硫黄原子の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有するチオアセタール(チオヘミアセタールも含む)である前記[1]又は[2]に記載の固体酸触媒。
[4]前記炭素-ヘテロ原子二重結合を有する化合物(A2)が、(A2-1)カルボニル基含有化合物、(A2-2)チオカルボニル基含有化合物、又は、(A2-3)イミン類である前記[1]~[3]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒。
[5]前記メチン炭素原子を有する化合物(A3)が、(A3-1)環の構成単位としてメチン基(すなわち、メチン炭素-水素結合)を含む環状化合物、又は、(A3-2)メチン炭素原子を有する鎖状化合物である前記[1]~[4]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒。
[6]前記不飽和結合の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物(A4)が、(A4-1)芳香族性環の隣接位(いわゆるベンジル位)にメチル基又はメチレン基を有する芳香族化合物、又は、(A4-2)不飽和結合の隣接位にメチル基又はメチレン基を有する非芳香族性化合物である前記[1]~[5]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒。
[7]前記脂環式化合物(=非芳香族性環状炭化水素)(A5)が、(A5-1)シクロアルカン類、又は、(A5-2)シクロアルケン類である前記[1]~[6]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒。
[8]前記共役化合物(A6)が、共役ジエン類(A6-1)、α,β-不飽和ニトリル(A6-2)、又は、α,β-不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体(A6-3)である前記[1]~[7]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒。
[9]前記アミン化合物(A7)が、第1級又は第2級アミンである前記[1]~[8]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒。
[10]前記芳香族化合物(A8)が、少なくともベンゼン環を1つ有する芳香族炭化水素又は少なくともベンゼン環が複数個縮合している縮合多環式芳香族炭化水素である前記[1]~[9]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒。
[11]前記直鎖状アルカン(A9)が、炭素数1~30の直鎖状アルカンである前記[1]~[10]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒。
[12]前記オレフィン(A10)が、鎖状オレフィン又は環状オレフィンである前記[1]~[11]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒。
[13]前記基質(A)が炭化水素である前記[1]~[12]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒。
[14]前記炭化水素が、脂肪族炭化水素、脂環式炭化水素、及び芳香族炭化水素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つである前記[13]に記載の固体酸触媒。
[15]前記担体が、フッ素化スルホン酸系樹脂からなるペレット若しくは粉粒体、又は固体表面にフッ素化スルホン酸系樹脂の被膜が形成された担体である前記[1]~[14]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒。
[16]前記遷移金属がコバルト、マンガン、バナジウム、鉄、ジルコニウム、タングステン及びモリブデンからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種である前記[1]~[15]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒。
[17]前記遷移金属がコバルト、マンガン、バナジウム、鉄、及びジルコニウムからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種である前記[1]~[16]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒。
[18]前記遷移金属がコバルト、及びマンガンからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種である前記[1]~[17]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒。
[19]形状がペレット状、フィルム状又はチューブ状である前記[1]~[18]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒。
[20]前記[1]~[19]の何れか1に記載の固体酸触媒の存在下、下記基質(A)を酸素及びオゾンの共存下で酸化することを特徴とする酸化物の製造方法。
基質(A):(A1)ヘテロ原子の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物、(A2)炭素-ヘテロ原子二重結合を有する化合物、(A3)メチン炭素原子を有する化合物、(A4)不飽和結合の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物、(A5)脂環式化合物、(A6)共役化合物、(A7)アミン化合物、(A8)芳香族化合物、(A9)直鎖状アルカン、及び(A10)オレフィンから選択される化合物
[21]さらに環状イミド骨格を有するイミド化合物の存在下で基質を酸化する前記[20]に記載の酸化物の製造方法。
本発明において反応基質(A)として用いる有機化合物(有機基質)としては、安定なラジカルを生成しうる化合物が好ましく、(A1)ヘテロ原子の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物、(A2)炭素-ヘテロ原子二重結合を有する化合物、(A3)メチン炭素原子を有する化合物、(A4)不飽和結合の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物、(A5)脂環式化合物、(A6)共役化合物、(A7)アミン化合物、(A8)芳香族化合物、(A9)直鎖状アルカン、及び(A10)オレフィンから選択される化合物が挙げられる。
本発明においては酸化剤としての酸素をオゾンの共存下で使用することを特徴とする。本発明では酸素とオゾンの存在下、又は酸素ガスとオゾンガスの流通下で反応が行われる。酸化剤としての酸素をオゾンと共に使用することにより、基質(A)からの水素の引き抜きを促進することができ、ラジカル反応を活性化することができる。そのため、温和な条件下(反応圧力:常圧、反応温度:例えば室温~200℃程度、好ましくは50~130℃、特に好ましくは60~100℃)においても、酸化反応を促進することができる。酸素ガスとオゾンガスの流通下で反応を行う場合、オゾンガス含有酸素ガスに占めるオゾンガス量としては、反応性及び経済性の観点から、酸素ガスの例えば0.1~10体積%程度である。
本発明の酸素-オゾン共存下酸化用固体酸触媒は、ハメットの酸度関数(H0)が-9以下である強酸若しくは超強酸を少なくとも表面に有する担体に、遷移金属が単体、化合物又はイオンの形態で担持されている触媒である。また、本発明の酸素-オゾン共存下酸化用固体酸触媒は、硫酸、硫酸化金属酸化物、貴金属/硫酸化金属酸化物、金属酸化物超強酸、及びフッ素化スルホン酸系樹脂からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の強酸若しくは超強酸を少なくとも表面に有する担体に、遷移金属が、単体、化合物又はイオンの形態で担持された触媒であってもよい。
本発明の酸化物の製造方法では、前記固体酸触媒の存在下、前記基質(A)を酸素及びオゾンの共存下で酸化する。
本発明では、基質(A)の酸化反応をより促進させるため、前記固体酸触媒とともに、環状イミド骨格を有するイミド化合物(以下、単に「イミド化合物」と称する場合がある)を使用してもよい。環状イミド骨格を有するイミド化合物として、例えば、下記式(I)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
なお、本発明においては、反応速度をより向上させるため、前記固体酸触媒とともに、金属化合物(但し、前記固体酸触媒に該当するものは除く)を使用してもよい。
本発明において、酸化反応における反応温度は、基質(A)の種類や目的生成物の種類等に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、室温~200℃程度、好ましくは50~130℃、特に好ましくは60~100℃である。反応は、常圧又は加圧下で行うことができ、加圧下で反応させる場合には、通常0.1~10MPa程度(好ましくは0.15~8MPa、特に好ましくは0.5~8MPa)である。本発明では酸化剤としての酸素をオゾンと共に使用するため、常圧(0.1MPa)下でも酸化反応を円滑に進行させることができる。
30mL三口フラスコに、酢酸コバルト四水和物0.300g(コバルトとして0.071g)、および酢酸マンガン四水和物0.293g(マンガンとして0.066g)を入れ、酢酸10.0gを加え均一溶液とした。ナフィオンペレット(商品名「ナフィオン」、デュポン社製、フッ素化スルホン酸系樹脂)3.00gを加え、100℃下8時間撹拌した。固体をろ過し、酢酸30mLで洗浄した。次いで、酢酸エチル30mL、ジエチルエーテル30mLを用い順次洗浄した後、130℃下、5時間減圧乾燥することにより、コバルト及びマンガンを担持したナフィオンペレット3.17gを得た。
上記で得られたコバルト及びマンガン担持ナフィオンペレットにおけるコバルト及びマンガンの担持量を調べるため次の操作を行った。得られたコバルト及びマンガン担持ナフィオンペレットを少量採取し、室温下10重量%希硝酸水溶液に浸し、一晩静置させることで、担持させた金属をすべて水相に溶出させた。水相の金属濃度をICPで分析し、この値をもとにコバルト及びマンガンのナフィオンペレットに対する担持量を計算したところ、コバルト2.0wt%、マンガン1.9wt%であった。
内径2.0mm、長さ1.5mのテフロン(登録商標)製チューブの内部に、20重量%ナフィオン分散液(デュポン社製)を流し、約100℃で乾燥することにより、内壁に厚さ0.5mmのナフィオン被膜が形成されたテフロン(登録商標)製チューブ(内径1.0mm)を作製した。このチューブ内に、酢酸コバルト[Co(OAc)2]の5重量%酢酸溶液を流し、約100℃で1時間加熱した後、120℃で乾燥することにより、内壁にコバルトイオンでイオン交換された超強酸性イオン交換樹脂(フッ素化スルホン酸系樹脂)被膜が形成されたフローリアクターを作製した。超強酸性イオン交換樹脂被膜中のコバルト濃度をICP発光分析法により測定したところ、2.4重量%であった。
ガス通気ラインおよび挿入管を備えた100mLのSUS製耐圧反応器(耐圧硝子工業(株)製、TVS-1型)に、N-ヒドロキシフタルイミド(以後「NHPI」と称する場合がある、SP値:33.4[(MPa)1/2])0.808g(4.95ミリモル、基質の10.0モル%)、テトラデカン[東京化成工業(株)製]10.0g(50.4ミリモル)を加えた後、オイルバスにセットしてガス通気ラインを接続した。オゾン発生装置(商品名「SG-01-PSA2」、住友精密工業(株)製)を使用して発生させたオゾンガスを含む空気(酸素含有量:20.7体積%、オゾンガス含有量:0.3体積%)の反応器内の液中へのバブリング(1000mL/分)を開始し、反応器の加熱を開始して内温が90℃に到達した時点で、実施例1で作製したコバルト及びマンガン担持ナフィオンペレット0.635g(コバルト2.0wt%、マンガン1.9wt%)を添加して反応を開始した。90℃で8時間経過した時点におけるテトラデカン転化率をガスクロマトグラフィー(カラム:007-FFAP)を使用して測定したところ、4.9%であった。なお、テトラデカノール、テトラデカノン、テトラデカン酸が生成していた。
オゾンガスを含む空気に代えてオゾンガスを含まない空気を使用した以外は実施例3と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は0.4%であった。
NHPIを用いない以外は実施例3と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は2.9%であった。
基質をテトラデカンから2,2,4-トリメチルペンタンに変更した以外は実施例3と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は6.4%であった。なお、4-ヒドロキシ-2,2,4-トリメチルペンタン、ネオペンチルアルコール、アセトンが生成していた。
オゾンガスを含む空気に代えてオゾンガスを含まない空気を使用した以外は実施例5と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は0.5%であった。
基質をテトラデカンからn-ヘプタンに変更した以外は実施例3と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は4.9%であった。なお、2-ヒドロキシヘプタン、2-ヘプタノン、2,6-ヘプタンジオンが生成していた。
オゾンガスを含む空気に代えてオゾンガスを含まない空気を使用した以外は実施例6と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は0.4%であった。
基質をテトラデカンからトルエンに変更した以外は実施例3と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は33%であった。なお、ベンジルアルコール、ベンズアルデヒド、安息香酸が生成していた。
オゾンガスを含む空気に代えてオゾンガスを含まない空気を使用した以外は実施例7と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は2.6%であった。
基質をテトラデカンからシクロヘキサン(833ミリモル)に変更した以外は実施例3と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は8%であった。なお、シクロヘキサノン、シクロヘキサノールが生成していた。
オゾンガスを含む空気に代えてオゾンガスを含まない空気を使用した以外は実施例8と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は1.0%であった。
基質をテトラデカンからシクロヘキセン(889ミリモル)に変更した以外は実施例3と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は10%であった。なお、2,3-シクロヘキセンー1-オール、2,3-シクロヘキセンー1-オンが生成していた。
オゾンガスを含む空気に代えてオゾンガスを含まない空気を使用した以外は実施例9と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は1.3%であった。
基質をテトラデカンからイソクロマン(716ミリモル)に変更した以外は実施例3と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は14%であった。なお、3,4-ジヒドロイソクマリンが生成していた。
オゾンガスを含む空気に代えてオゾンガスを含まない空気を使用した以外は実施例10と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は1.7%であった。
基質をテトラデカンからクメン(647ミリモル)に変更し、反応終了後硫酸を添加した以外は実施例3と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は11%であった。なお、フェノールが生成していた。
オゾンガスを含む空気に代えてオゾンガスを含まない空気を使用した以外は実施例11と同様に行ったところ、基質転化率は1.5%であった。
Claims (8)
- 下記基質(A)を酸素とオゾンの共存下で酸化する際に用いる酸化反応用の固体酸触媒であって、ハメットの酸度関数(H0)が-9以下である強酸若しくは超強酸を少なくとも表面に有する担体に、遷移金属が、単体、化合物又はイオンの形態で担持されていることを特徴とする酸素-オゾン共存下酸化用固体酸触媒。
基質(A):(A1)ヘテロ原子の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物、(A2)炭素-ヘテロ原子二重結合を有する化合物、(A3)メチン炭素原子を有する化合物、(A4)不飽和結合の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物、(A5)脂環式化合物、(A6)共役化合物、(A7)アミン化合物、(A8)芳香族化合物、(A9)直鎖状アルカン、及び(A10)オレフィンから選択される化合物 - 下記基質(A)を酸素とオゾンの共存下で酸化する際に用いる酸化反応用の固体酸触媒であって、硫酸、硫酸化金属酸化物、貴金属/硫酸化金属酸化物、金属酸化物超強酸、及びフッ素化スルホン酸系樹脂からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の強酸若しくは超強酸を少なくとも表面に有する担体に、遷移金属が、単体、化合物又はイオンの形態で担持されていることを特徴とする酸素-オゾン共存下酸化用固体酸触媒。
基質(A):(A1)ヘテロ原子の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物、(A2)炭素-ヘテロ原子二重結合を有する化合物、(A3)メチン炭素原子を有する化合物、(A4)不飽和結合の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物、(A5)脂環式化合物、(A6)共役化合物、(A7)アミン化合物、(A8)芳香族化合物、(A9)直鎖状アルカン、及び(A10)オレフィンから選択される化合物 - 基質(A)が炭化水素である請求項1又は2記載の固体酸触媒。
- 前記担体が、フッ素化スルホン酸系樹脂からなるペレット若しくは粉粒体、又は固体表面にフッ素化スルホン酸系樹脂の被膜が形成された担体である請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の固体酸触媒。
- 前記遷移金属がコバルト、マンガン、バナジウム、鉄、ジルコニウム、タングステン及びモリブデンからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種である請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の固体酸触媒。
- 形状がペレット状、フィルム状又はチューブ状である請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の固体酸触媒。
- 請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の固体酸触媒の存在下、下記基質(A)を酸素及びオゾンの共存下で酸化することを特徴とする酸化物の製造方法。
基質(A):(A1)ヘテロ原子の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物、(A2)炭素-ヘテロ原子二重結合を有する化合物、(A3)メチン炭素原子を有する化合物、(A4)不飽和結合の隣接位に炭素-水素結合を有する化合物、(A5)脂環式化合物、(A6)共役化合物、(A7)アミン化合物、(A8)芳香族化合物、(A9)直鎖状アルカン、及び(A10)オレフィンから選択される化合物 - さらに環状イミド骨格を有するイミド化合物の存在下で基質を酸化する請求項7記載の酸化物の製造方法。
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JP2016545405A JPWO2016031491A1 (ja) | 2014-08-29 | 2015-07-31 | 固体酸触媒、及び酸化物の製造方法 |
US15/507,000 US20170253575A1 (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2015-07-31 | Solid acid catalyst and method for producing oxide |
KR1020177004594A KR20170046653A (ko) | 2014-08-29 | 2015-07-31 | 고체 산 촉매, 및 산화물의 제조 방법 |
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CN108003129A (zh) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-05-08 | 郑州大学 | 一种利用固体酸降解莲房中高聚体原花青素的方法 |
JP2020143013A (ja) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-09-10 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 光電気化学反応システムを用いたシクロアルケノンの製造方法 |
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KR101874523B1 (ko) * | 2017-08-23 | 2018-07-04 | (주)부흥산업사 | 메탄올 카보닐레이션에 의한 초산제조용 불균일 촉매 |
US11542442B1 (en) | 2022-04-05 | 2023-01-03 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Hydrocracking process and system including separation of heavy poly nuclear aromatics from recycle with heteropoly acids |
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