WO2016009386A1 - Matériau à usage zootechnique - Google Patents

Matériau à usage zootechnique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016009386A1
WO2016009386A1 PCT/IB2015/055396 IB2015055396W WO2016009386A1 WO 2016009386 A1 WO2016009386 A1 WO 2016009386A1 IB 2015055396 W IB2015055396 W IB 2015055396W WO 2016009386 A1 WO2016009386 A1 WO 2016009386A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
zootechnical use
absorbent
zootechnical
sanitizing
flours
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2015/055396
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Luciano Bastianutti
Alessandro ZAMPARUTTI
Gianni GATTEL
Original Assignee
S.I.T.T.A. S.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by S.I.T.T.A. S.R.L. filed Critical S.I.T.T.A. S.R.L.
Publication of WO2016009386A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016009386A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a material for zootechnical use, to be used in animal litters or at the bottom of cages for small domestic animals such as cats, rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, birds.
  • the present invention concerns a material for zootechnical use such as pellets and or pellet granulate, with a sanitizing and deodorant effect.
  • the material for zootechnical use must have a high absorbent capacity in order to absorb, as much as possible, the animal excreta.
  • the cages are generally provided with a bottom that is at least partly covered by the material for zootechnical use as above that is introduced.
  • the material for zootechnical use is therefore able to absorb and incorporate the urine or excrement produced by the animals.
  • the base of the litter consists of cellulose materials of various types: dried grasses, hay, sawdust, granulated corncob, thin wood chip, cereal or peanut skins, etc.
  • Acids and/or their salts are added to the litter base, until a very acidic pH is obtained: the additives are first diluted in water, then sprayed onto the base product, which will then be dried.
  • Sodium phosphate which is a mineral additive, is added to the mixture of alfalfa and bran, with the function of increasing durability and reducing the final density of the product: it reacts with raw materials to improve the texture of the extruded product.
  • Sodium phosphate therefore has no specific function after production, and is only a technological additive in the course of the process.
  • the product exits along the axis of the machine through a front draw-plate: at exit there is a series of blades that cut the pellets to the desired length.
  • Extrusion requires high temperatures and pressures, for example from 130- 180°C and from 30 bar to 60 bar, and a final stage of drying in the oven.
  • This technology allows to increase the digestibility of the organic substances for animal food first, and human food afterward. Moreover, its particular conformation allows to use draw-plates with holes of very different shapes.
  • the production process also provides a step of airing the pellets obtained, to eliminate the residual smell of alfalfa.
  • the airing step requires the product to be stored for an extremely long time, requiring large spaces for its temporary storage.
  • the base of the litter consists of straw, sawdust, sand or dried manure.
  • the additive is a mixture almost totally based on clay, with the addition of extremely small quantities of chlorite and a sodium bisulfate (acidifier) or a percarbonate (oxidant), where the first - after reaction with the chlorite - if in excess can also act to abate the residual ammonia, while the second has no ammonia abating effect, but only germicidal.
  • the function of the acid salt, sodium bisulfate, is to react with the chlorine salt in the presence of liquids to produce an agent with a germicidal effect.
  • the litter thus obtained can also have the effect of blocking the ammonia, although this is secondary compared with the germicidal effect, if the acid salt is in excess compared with the chlorine salt.
  • This litter is in powder form, which causes the dispersion of very fine particles into the environment.
  • the final product consists of a floury base and an additive mixture in powder form. Obtaining a final product in powder form is particularly disadvantageous for the application to which the present invention refers.
  • composition suitable to eliminate smells from waste material, in which a possible application also concerns pellets or mixtures of powders for litters.
  • the composition comprises phosphorus acids in various formulations and sulfur acids in its various variants, and their mono salts and substitutes of alkaline and alkaline-earth metals.
  • the salts mentioned in this document have an acid pH which can neutralize basic substances like ammonia.
  • some of the components e.g. hypophosphorus, sulfur
  • can emit toxic gases if they react with other substances e.g. alkaline metals and ammonia
  • other substances e.g. alkaline metals and ammonia
  • composition thus obtained can be sprayed or added to litters already prepared, and therefore must be suitably distributed when the litter is prepared by the operators.
  • One purpose of the present invention is therefore to obtain a material for zootechnical use with a deodorant effect, in order to reduce said unpleasant smells.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to obtain a material for zootechnical use also having a sanitizing effect, in order to reduce, or even eliminate, the proliferation of bacteria, improving the level of hygiene of the home environment.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to obtain a material for zootechnical use that can be produced with low costs.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to obtain a material for zootechnical use that is easy to dispose of and recycle.
  • the Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.
  • the present invention concerns a material for zootechnical use, with a base of absorbent flours, comprising one or more sanitizing additives selected from sodium and/or potassium mineral salts.
  • sanitizing additives in contact with animal excreta, allows to neutralize the bad smell and to reduce the pH.
  • the present invention does not intend to reduce the pH to very low values, that is, less than pH 4, and does not sanitize the litter.
  • the sanitizing additives act to inhibit the growth of bacteria and enzymes that produce the formation of volatile ammonia.
  • the sanitizing additives do not substantially modify the pH of the absorbent flours and are produced with a definitive recipe, without needing further additions of other ingredients.
  • the ammonia abating effect is largely given by the wood base (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) and the additive serves to control possible excessive growths of bacteria, thus obtaining a biostatic effect, not biocidal.
  • the sanitizing additives bind the ammonia contained in the excreta and neutralize it.
  • the sanitizing additives are chosen from monosodium phosphate, sodium bisulfate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium bisulfate which, in suitable conditions, have an acidity sufficient to limit bacterial proliferation and neutralize the ammonia produced by the urine.
  • the present invention also concerns a method to obtain a material for zootechnical use that provides to mix absorbent flours with one or more sanitizing additives selected from sodium and/or potassium mineral salts.
  • Forms of embodiment described here concern a material for zootechnical use, used in litters or as the bottom inside cages for small domestic animals.
  • the material for zootechnical use according to the present invention is configured to incorporate and/or absorb animal excreta and at the same time to limit the proliferation of smells.
  • the material for zootechnical use can have a base of absorbent flours and can comprise one or more sanitizing additives which can be selected from sodium and/or potassium mineral salts.
  • the sanitizing additives can be chosen from monosodium phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ), sodium bisulfate (NaHSO 4 ), monopotassium phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ) or potassium bisulfate (KHS0 4 ).
  • These mineral salts advantageously cause a sanitizing and deodorant effect, lowering the pH of the excreta produced by the animals and creating acid conditions sufficient to limit bacterial proliferation.
  • the sanitizing additives described are salts of phosphorus and sulfuric acid, which can be used equally to control the development of bad smells and bacteria, but are not compatible for zootechnical use. In fact, these acids have high reactivity to organic substances, which makes them particularly dangerous for direct contact with animals.
  • the material for zootechnical use is able to perform a deodorant action and to counter unpleasant smells.
  • the mineral salts, reacting with the ammonia can form specific substances such as phosphates and sulfates of ammonia which, if discharged on fields, land or similar surfaces can also have a favorable fertilizing effect.
  • each sanitizing additive used can be provided between 0.5% and 5% w/w with respect to a total mass of material for zootechnical use. In particular, between 1% and 4% w/w, since this range allows to maximize the action of the sanitizing additives in both high and low concentrations of excreta.
  • quantities of mineral salts are 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%.
  • the material for zootechnical use comprises only one type of sanitizing additive.
  • the material for zootechnical use comprises several different types of sanitizing additive.
  • the material for zootechnical use can comprise a mixture of sodium mineral salts, or a mixture of potassium mineral salts, or a mixture of sodium and potassium mineral salts.
  • each sanitizing additive can be present in the quantities indicated above.
  • the choice of the type of sanitizing additive to be used, and its quantity in the mixture, depends on the pH to which the material for zootechnical use is to operate. In fact the different sanitizing additives reported above are effective at different pH values, therefore they can react as a function of the variation in acidity given by the urine, its quantity during the day and the animal's health.
  • the quantity and/or type of mineral salts used can be chosen depending on the desired deodorant and sanitizing effect.
  • the finished product can have a pH between 5 and 6, and its function is to quickly absorb the liquids and to inhibit enzymatic transformation of urea into ammonia, but the absorbent effect is given only by the mixture of woods.
  • the absorbent flour can be wood-based and can be produced starting from wood masses with high absorbent properties, for example determined by high porosity.
  • wood-based flours allows to increase the absorption capacities considerably, compared with the use of other types of materials.
  • absorbent flours based on cereals and/or their seeds which have a liquid absorption speed similar to wood flours.
  • Cereal-based flours can also be configured to accelerate the neutralization of the excreta.
  • the absorbent flour can be chosen from a group with an absorption capacity of more than 300% in weight.
  • the material for zootechnical use is able to absorb great quantities of liquid, such as urine, which come into contact with the absorbent flour, to ensure that the litter and/or the bottom of the cages where the material for zootechnical use is disposed remain dry.
  • the wood-based absorbent flour can be obtained by suitably working beech wood, fir or a combination of the two.
  • the material for zootechnical use comprises a combination of absorbent flours, chosen from wood-based and cereal-based flours, or alternatively it can comprise only one of them.
  • the absorbent flours constitute the base of the litter and, in possible forms of embodiment, it can be a dry mixture of at least two types of wood with different grain size, with sizes bigger than 500 ⁇ , and suitably selected and de-powdered.
  • the choice of two types of wood with different grain size allows to obtain an absorption of the animal excreta that is diversified over time and therefore allows a first type of wood flour to absorb the excreta immediately, and a second type of flour to absorb the excreta in a temporally diversified way, for example to absorb what is released by the first type of wood flour.
  • the absorbent flour and the sanitizing additives can be mixed together to make a composition with a homogeneous mass that can subsequently be pelletized, conferring a pellet shape on the material for zootechnical use.
  • the production process for making the pellets is pelletizing.
  • the production process starts from low-humidity flours (on average 10%- 12%) which, either alone or in a mixture, enter into a machine usually called "pellet mill” which compresses them dry and makes the pellets come out through a circular draw-plate comprising hundreds of holes, almost always round.
  • the temperature of the product can reach 90-100°C for 1 -2 seconds, then the product is simply cooled in a silo in a current of air and already after one hour it can be packed.
  • the process is therefore carried out substantially at ambient temperature.
  • the pellets can also be obtained with a combination of the techniques of pressing and pelletizing.
  • the material for zootechnical use in the form of pellets can be reduced into granules by crumbling and sieving, to eliminate the powders or granules with sizes similar to dust, to obtain material for zootechnical use in a granular or crumbled form.
  • the material for zootechnical use can be in the form of pellets or alternatively granular (crumbled).
  • the material for zootechnical use in the form of pellets can have a diameter comprised between 2 and 8 mm, in particular from 4 to 6.5 millimeters, and a length from 3 to 40 mm, in particular from 5 to 20 millimeters.
  • the material for zootechnical use in granular or crumbled form can have a mean size between 500 ⁇ and 5000 ⁇ , in particular between 800 ⁇ and 4700 ⁇ .
  • a cloud of zootechnical material could form, defined by its light and small fraction, which can cause inconvenience: this effect is known as "smoking dust".
  • this effect is known as "smoking dust”.
  • this range almost whole pieces of pellet may be seen, which have a negative esthetic appearance and absorb the excreta more slowly.
  • grain sizes are 500 ⁇ , 800 ⁇ , 1 100 ⁇ , 1400 ⁇ , 1700 ⁇ , 2000 ⁇ , 2300 ⁇ , 2600 ⁇ , 2900 ⁇ , 3200 ⁇ , 3500 ⁇ , 3800 ⁇ , 4100 ⁇ , 4400 ⁇ , 4700 ⁇ , 5000 ⁇ .
  • the sanitizing additive or sanitizing additives are mixed with the wood-flour base before being sent to the draw-plate to produce the pellet.
  • the pellet thus obtained is cooled, granulated and sieved to eliminate powders, and aired before packing: this allows to remove the volatile powder that forms due to chafing during the transport steps.
  • the operations to mix the absorbent flour with the sanitizing additives, the pelletizing, cooling and subsequent packing operations are carried out continuously inside the same production plant.
  • no intermediate storage zones are provided for the temporary storage and cooling of materials as provided in solutions known in the state of the art.
  • the mean size of the material for zootechnical use can therefore be such as to maximize the absorbent effect and at the same time to allow easy removal and binding after use.
  • the size of the material for zootechnical use is such as to guarantee easy disposal, for example in domestic sewers, which are then treated in specific plants for sewage, without causing any damage.
  • the salts that have reacted with the ammonia have properties such that they can be discharged inside domestic sewers and are then sent to specific sewage treatment plants, without causing any damage to the plant.
  • the material for zootechnical use according to the present invention can also have a mean apparent density between 420 g/1 and 680 g/1.
  • mean apparent density are 420 g/1, 440 g/1, 460 g/1, 480 g/1, 500 g/1, 520 g/1, 540 g/1, 560 g/1, 580 g/1, 600 g/1, 620 g/1, 640 g/1, 660 g/1, 680 g/1.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau à usage zootechnique, à base de farines absorbantes comprenant un ou plusieurs additifs de désinfection choisis parmi les sels minéraux de sodium et/ou de potassium.
PCT/IB2015/055396 2014-07-18 2015-07-16 Matériau à usage zootechnique WO2016009386A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITUD2014A000124 2014-07-18
ITUD20140124 2014-07-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016009386A1 true WO2016009386A1 (fr) 2016-01-21

Family

ID=51655948

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2015/055396 WO2016009386A1 (fr) 2014-07-18 2015-07-16 Matériau à usage zootechnique

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2016009386A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3059615A (en) 1959-01-19 1962-10-23 C P Hall Company Of Illinois Animal litter
US3923005A (en) 1974-01-25 1975-12-02 Clorox Co Alfalfa-based animal litter, including starch
US4405354A (en) 1980-04-02 1983-09-20 Uniscope, Inc. Elimination of odors from waste material
US20090090304A1 (en) 2006-10-27 2009-04-09 Bou-Matic Technologies Corporation Animal Bedding Additive and Animal Bedding Containing the Same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3059615A (en) 1959-01-19 1962-10-23 C P Hall Company Of Illinois Animal litter
US3923005A (en) 1974-01-25 1975-12-02 Clorox Co Alfalfa-based animal litter, including starch
US4405354A (en) 1980-04-02 1983-09-20 Uniscope, Inc. Elimination of odors from waste material
US20090090304A1 (en) 2006-10-27 2009-04-09 Bou-Matic Technologies Corporation Animal Bedding Additive and Animal Bedding Containing the Same

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