WO2016016758A1 - Matériau à usage zootechnique - Google Patents

Matériau à usage zootechnique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016016758A1
WO2016016758A1 PCT/IB2015/055398 IB2015055398W WO2016016758A1 WO 2016016758 A1 WO2016016758 A1 WO 2016016758A1 IB 2015055398 W IB2015055398 W IB 2015055398W WO 2016016758 A1 WO2016016758 A1 WO 2016016758A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
absorbent
additives
zootechnical use
binding
flours
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2015/055398
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2016016758A9 (fr
Inventor
Luciano Bastianutti
Alessandro ZAMPARUTTI
Gianni GATTEL
Original Assignee
S.I.T.T.A. S.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by S.I.T.T.A. S.R.L. filed Critical S.I.T.T.A. S.R.L.
Publication of WO2016016758A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016016758A1/fr
Publication of WO2016016758A9 publication Critical patent/WO2016016758A9/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a perfected material for zootechnical use, to be used in animal litters or at the bottom of cages for small domestic animals such as cats, rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, birds.
  • the present invention concerns a material for zootechnical use such as pellets and or pellet granulate, containing additives with a perfected binding and absorbent effect.
  • the material for zootechnical use must have a high absorbent capacity in order to absorb, as much as possible, the animal excreta.
  • the cages are generally provided with a bottom that is at least partly covered by the material for zootechnical use as above that is introduced.
  • Another known solution provides to make the material for zootechnical use directly in granules in order to improve its capacity to absorb the excreta.
  • the material for zootechnical use is defined by a mixture of a powdered organic substance, such as wood flour, having maximum sizes of 0.25 mm, with 20-30% of finely powdered bentonite with sizes of about 0.074 mm, with 6-16% of powdered resin and about 5 - 15% of a powdered binder.
  • a powdered organic substance such as wood flour
  • the extremely limited sizes of the particles defining the mixture causes a lot of dustiness inside the whole production plant and this also requires a specific binder to limit the dustiness once the granulate has been obtained.
  • Extrusion requires high temperatures and pressures, for example from 130- 180°C and from 30 bar to 60 bar, and a final stage of drying in the oven.
  • Sodium phosphate which is a mineral additive, is added to the mixture of alfalfa and bran, with the function of increasing durability and reducing the final density of the product: it reacts with raw materials to improve the texture of the extruded product.
  • Sodium phosphate therefore has no specific function after production, and is only a technological additive in the course of the process.
  • the litter described in US-A-3.923.005 is obtained with an extrusion process that provides, as described above, to make a dough by adding abundant water, about 20%-60%, after which follows baking and extrusion at high temperatures and pressures.
  • this process is particularly complex and costly in terms of times and costs.
  • the production process also provides a step of airing the pellets obtained, to eliminate the residual smell of alfalfa.
  • the airing step requires the product to be stored for an extremely long time, requiring large spaces for its temporary storage.
  • the excipient that forms the product can be a powdered product with a cellulose base, or minerals comprising clays.
  • the solid bases can be impregnated with acid to provide a strong neutralizing capacity.
  • Substances that have a binding effect in the dry production can be added to the excipient, such as substances with a mineral origin (bentonites, vermiculite), organic gums and polymers (guar gum, microcrystalline cellulose, pre- gelatinized starches), which are difficult to dispose of.
  • substances with a mineral origin bentonites, vermiculite
  • organic gums and polymers guar gum, microcrystalline cellulose, pre- gelatinized starches
  • US-A-4.883.021 describes an absorbent composition obtained using as a base the working waste of cereals, vegetables, vegetable pulp, that is, cellulose material in general.
  • the base can be mixed with non-clay binders such as carbohydrates, proteins, flours and plant starches.
  • pellets to be used as litter by transforming the starches with a process of baking, extrusion and drying, with the same disadvantages as mentioned above.
  • One purpose of the present invention is therefore to obtain a material for zootechnical use with a binding and absorbent effect, in order to bind the material for zootechnical use and to improve the absorption of the excreta.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to obtain a material for zootechnical use that can be produced with low costs and is biodegradable.
  • the Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.
  • the present invention concerns a perfected material for zootechnical use based on absorbent flours comprising one or more binding additives selected from among vegetable polysaccharides.
  • the vegetable polysaccharides are chosen from alginates, guar gum, tara gum, xanthan gum and modified celluloses.
  • the binding additives have rheological modification properties on the substance they come into contact with.
  • the action of the vegetable polysaccharides allows a binding thereof and therefore limits its dispersion on the material for zootechnical use. In this way, it is possible to selectively remove only the used material for zootechnical use, thus limiting the number of regenerations of material for zootechnical use and guaranteeing the removal of all traces of excreta.
  • the material for zootechnical use can comprise one or more absorbent additives selected from flours and sub- products from working cereals.
  • the presence of the additive allows to increase the capacity to absorb liquids, in particular excreta, and in this way to contain the proliferation of smells.
  • the absorbent flours are mixed with the binding additives in a quantity comprised between 1 % and 12% and with absorbent additives in a quantity comprised between 1% and 10% in weight of the perfected material for zootechnical use.
  • the quantities of materials identified allow to obtain an autonomous binding capacity of the product to be obtained, without requiring the addition of specific, non-vegetable binders.
  • Forms of embodiment described here concern a perfected material for zootechnical use, used in litters or as the bottom inside cages for small domestic animals.
  • the material for zootechnical use according to the present invention is configured to incorporate and/or absorb animal excreta and determine the binding thereof that facilitates their removal.
  • the material for zootechnical use can be configured to simultaneously contain the proliferation of unpleasant smells.
  • the perfected material for zootechnical use can be based on absorbent flours and can comprise one or more binding additives.
  • the one or more binding additives can be selected from among vegetable polysaccharides.
  • the vegetable polysaccharides can be chosen from alginates, guar gum, tara gum, xanthan gum, modified celluloses, such as for example carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose and derivatives thereof.
  • each vegetable polysaccharide used can be provided between 1% and 12% w/w with respect to a total mass of material for zootechnical use, in particular between 4% and 10%.
  • the material for zootechnical use comprises only one type of vegetable polysaccharide.
  • the material for zootechnical use comprises several different types of vegetable polysaccharide, each present in the quantities indicated above.
  • using different types of polysaccharides for example with different influences on the speed of absorption of the excreta, can allow to modulate the use of the litter with lower consumption and expense for the regeneration of the material. This can be advantageous in the case of shelters for dogs and cats, where the number of animals can be high and the litters available can be limited.
  • the maximum quantity of vegetable polysaccharide, whether it is a mixture of vegetable polysaccharides or only one, contained in the material for zootechnical use is 12%.
  • the material for zootechnical use can comprise an absorbent additive provided to improve the absorbent capacity of the material for zootechnical use and its elasticity.
  • the absorbent additive can be a cereal flour, in particular flour of whole meal barley seeds, corn, wheat, rice, oats, rye and sub-products thereof such as brans, semolina, fibers, leaf meal, corncobs or a combination thereof.
  • the absorbent additive is a flour of whole meal barley seeds.
  • Whole meal barley flour can have grain sizes comprised between 0.3 mm and 2 mm.
  • the absorbent additive can be provided between 1% and 10% in weight of the material for zootechnical use. Examples of the quantities of absorbent additive are: 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%.
  • the absorbent additive can be configured to mix and interact with the absorbent flours cited above, to obtain a lighter and more porous material for zootechnical use, and faster at absorbing the excreta.
  • the material for zootechnical use comprises only one type of absorbent additive.
  • the material for zootechnical use comprises several different types of absorbent additive, each present in the quantities indicated above.
  • the fibers deriving from cereals which make the final product more elastic, can allow a quicker binding action on the material used by the polysaccharides, and a rapid dissolution of the lumps in contact with excess water.
  • the material for zootechnical use can guarantee to control the smells deriving from the excreta, by the high capacity for absorption and binding supplied by the binding and absorbent additives described above.
  • the material for zootechnical use can also comprise one or more sanitizing additives to improve the control of the smells.
  • the one or more sanitizing additives can be selected from sodium and/or potassium mineral salts.
  • the sanitizing additives can be chosen from monosodium phosphate (NaH 2 P0 4 ), sodium bisulfate (NaHSO 4 ), monopotassium phosphate (KH 2 P0 4 ) or potassium bisulfate (KHSO 4 ).
  • These mineral salts advantageously cause a sanitizing and deodorant effect, lowering the pH of the excreta produced by the animals and creating acid conditions sufficient to limit bacterial proliferation.
  • the sanitizing additives described are salts of phosphorus and sulfuric acid, which can be used equally to control the development of bad smells and bacteria, but are not compatible for zootechnical use. In fact, these acids have high reactivity to organic substances, which makes them particularly dangerous for direct contact with animals.
  • the material for zootechnical use is able to perform a deodorant action and to counter unpleasant smells.
  • the mineral salts, reacting with the ammonia can form specific substances such as phosphates and sulfates of ammonia which, if discharged on fields, land or similar surfaces can also have a favorable fertilizing effect.
  • each sanitizing additive used can be provided between 0.5% and 5% w/w with respect to a total mass of material for zootechnical use. In particular, between 1% and 4% w/w since this range allows to maximize the action of the sanitizing additives in both high and low concentrations of excreta.
  • quantities of mineral salts are 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%.
  • the material for zootechnical use comprises only one type of sanitizing additive.
  • the material for zootechnical use comprises several different types of sanitizing additive.
  • the material for zootechnical use can comprise, as sanitizing additives, a mixture of sodium mineral salts, or a mixture of potassium mineral salts, or a mixture of sodium and potassium mineral salts.
  • each sanitizing additive can be present in the quantities indicated above.
  • the choice of the type of sanitizing additive to be used, and its quantity in the mixture, depends on the pH to which the material for zootechnical use is to operate. In fact the different sanitizing additives reported above are effective at different pH values, therefore they can react as a function of the variation in acidity given by the urine, its quantity during the day and the animal's health.
  • the quantity and/or type of mineral salts used can be chosen depending on the desired deodorant effect.
  • the absorbent flour can be wood-based and can be produced starting from wood masses with high absorbent properties, for example determined by high porosity.
  • the absorbent flour can have a grain size comprised between 0.5 mm and 2 mm. Grain sizes smaller than 0.5 mm can cause dustiness in the environment, while grain sizes of more than 2 mm do not ensure a sufficient degree of absorption of the excreta for the purposes of the present invention.
  • the finer flour that is, smaller than 0.5 mm, is also removed from the absorbent flour.
  • the absorbent flour can be chosen from a group with an absorption capacity of more than 300% in weight.
  • the material for zootechnical use is able to absorb great quantities of liquid, such as urine, which come into contact with the absorbent flour, to ensure that the litter and/or the bottom of the cages where the material for zootechnical use is disposed remain dry.
  • the wood-based absorbent flour can be obtained by suitably working beech wood, fir or a combination of the two.
  • the material for zootechnical use comprises a combination of absorbent flours.
  • the absorbent flours can be defined by a dry mixture of at least two types of wood with different grain size, with sizes bigger than 500 ⁇ , and suitably selected and de-powdered.
  • the choice of two types of wood with different grain size allows to obtain an absorption of the animal excreta that is diversified over time and therefore allows a first type of wood flour to absorb the excreta immediately, and a second type of flour to absorb the excreta in a temporally diversified way, for example to absorb what is released by the first type of wood flour.
  • the two types of wood can be fir and beech, suitably combined.
  • the fir can have grain sizes comprised between 1 mm and 2 mm, preferably about 1.5 mm, while the beech can have grain sizes of about 0.5 mm.
  • the absorbent flour and the respective additives can be mixed together to make a composition with a homogeneous mass that can subsequently be pelletized, conferring a pellet shape on the material for zootechnical use.
  • the material for zootechnical use in the form of pellets can be reduced into granules by crumbling and sieving, to eliminate the powders or granules with sizes similar to dust, to obtain material for zootechnical use in a granular or crumbled form.
  • the material for zootechnical use can be in the form of pellets or alternatively granular (crumbled).
  • the material for zootechnical use in the form of pellets can have a diameter comprised between 2 and 8 mm, in particular from 4 to 6.5 millimeters, and a length from 3 to 40 mm, in particular from 5 to 20 millimeters.
  • the material for zootechnical use in granular or crumbled form can have a mean size between 500 ⁇ and 5000 ⁇ , in particular between 800 ⁇ and 4700 ⁇ .
  • a cloud of zootechnical material could form, defined by its light and small fraction, which can cause inconvenience: this effect is known as "smoking dust".
  • this effect is known as "smoking dust”.
  • this range almost whole pieces of pellet may be seen, which have a negative esthetic appearance and absorb the excreta more slowly.
  • grain sizes are 500 ⁇ , 800 ⁇ , 1 100 ⁇ , 1400 ⁇ , 1700 ⁇ , 2000 ⁇ , 2300 ⁇ , 2600 ⁇ , 2900 ⁇ , 3200 ⁇ , 3500 ⁇ , 3800 ⁇ , 4100 ⁇ ,
  • the mean size of the material for zootechnical use can therefore be such as to maximize the absorbent effect and at the same time to allow easy removal and binding after use.
  • the size of the material for zootechnical use is such as to guarantee easy disposal, for example in domestic sewers, which are then treated in specific plants for sewage, without causing any damage.
  • the perfected material for zootechnical use in this case if consisting only of absorbent flour, binding additives and absorbent additives, can be exclusively vegetable, and can therefore be eliminated through the domestic sewers without in any way damaging the sewers and/or the sewage treatment plants located downstream.
  • the used material for zootechnical use in which there are lumps due to the binding of excreta, can be completely broken up when it comes into contact with the water of the sewers, thus facilitating the elimination thereof.
  • the material for zootechnical use according to the present invention can also have a mean apparent density between 420 g/1 and 680 g/1.
  • mean apparent density are 420 g/1, 440 g/1, 460 g/1, 480 g/1, 500 g/1, 520 g/1, 540 g/1,
  • Some forms of embodiment of the present invention also concern a method to make material for zootechnical use as described above, which provides at least to mix the binding additives with the absorbent flours.
  • the combined mixing can be provided of wood flours, for example of fir and/or beech, with natural absorbent additives such as cereal flours.
  • the mixing is carried out dry, that is, without the addition of water. This prevents complex and expensive operations to dry the product for subsequent packaging.
  • sanitizing additives are also added to the binding additives and the absorbent flours.
  • the compound obtained by mixing the absorbent flours and the binding additives can be subjected to pelletizing, to obtain the material for zootechnical use in the form of pellets or granules.
  • the production process starts from low-humidity flours (on average 10%- 12%) which, either alone or in a mixture, enter into a machine usually called "pellet mill” which compresses them dry and makes the pellets come out through a circular draw-plate comprising hundreds of holes, almost always round.
  • the temperature of the product can reach 90-100°C for 1-2 seconds, then the product is simply cooled in a silo in a current of air and already after one hour it can be packed.
  • the process is therefore carried out substantially at ambient temperature and the pellet itself is subjected to extremely high heating only on the surface, not in depth.
  • the pellets can also be obtained with a combination of the techniques of pressing and pelletizing and/or subsequent cold granulation.
  • the method according to the present invention can also include sieving the pellets or granules obtained, to remove from them parts with sizes smaller than desired.
  • the method can also include an action to depowder the pellets or granules, to remove the powders from them and prevent the supply of a material for zootechnical use with a high powder content. Depowdering can be effected through suction. Depowdering allows to remove the volatile powder that forms due to chafing during the transport steps.
  • the mixing, pelletizing, cooling and subsequent packing operations are carried out continuously inside the same production plant.
  • no intermediate storage zones are provided for the temporary storage and cooling of materials as provided in solutions known in the state of the art.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)

Abstract

Matériau perfectionné à usage zootechnique sur la base de farines absorbantes comprenant un ou plusieurs additifs de liaison choisis parmi les polysaccharides végétaux.
PCT/IB2015/055398 2014-07-28 2015-07-16 Matériau à usage zootechnique WO2016016758A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITUD20140128 2014-07-28
ITUD2014A000128 2014-07-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016016758A1 true WO2016016758A1 (fr) 2016-02-04
WO2016016758A9 WO2016016758A9 (fr) 2016-06-09

Family

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108012938A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-05-11 枞阳县金源畜牧养殖有限责任公司 一种养猪用生物垫料发酵床的制备方法
EP3578039A1 (fr) * 2018-06-08 2019-12-11 Catural GmbH Litière destinée à être utilisée dans un élevage

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3921581A (en) 1974-08-01 1975-11-25 Star Kist Foods Fragrant animal litter and additives therefor
US3923005A (en) 1974-01-25 1975-12-02 Clorox Co Alfalfa-based animal litter, including starch
US4883021A (en) 1986-09-22 1989-11-28 Personal Pet Products Partnership Absorbent composition
US5836262A (en) 1995-10-20 1998-11-17 Y. Yasukawa Animal excretion treating material and method of manufacturing same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3923005A (en) 1974-01-25 1975-12-02 Clorox Co Alfalfa-based animal litter, including starch
US3921581A (en) 1974-08-01 1975-11-25 Star Kist Foods Fragrant animal litter and additives therefor
US4883021A (en) 1986-09-22 1989-11-28 Personal Pet Products Partnership Absorbent composition
US5836262A (en) 1995-10-20 1998-11-17 Y. Yasukawa Animal excretion treating material and method of manufacturing same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108012938A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-05-11 枞阳县金源畜牧养殖有限责任公司 一种养猪用生物垫料发酵床的制备方法
EP3578039A1 (fr) * 2018-06-08 2019-12-11 Catural GmbH Litière destinée à être utilisée dans un élevage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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