WO2016008207A1 - 一种单向背板的吸能支架 - Google Patents

一种单向背板的吸能支架 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016008207A1
WO2016008207A1 PCT/CN2014/086252 CN2014086252W WO2016008207A1 WO 2016008207 A1 WO2016008207 A1 WO 2016008207A1 CN 2014086252 W CN2014086252 W CN 2014086252W WO 2016008207 A1 WO2016008207 A1 WO 2016008207A1
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way
energy absorbing
pad
energy
absorbing bracket
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PCT/CN2014/086252
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English (en)
French (fr)
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朱林学
朱红英
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朱林学
朱红英
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Publication of WO2016008207A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016008207A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members

Definitions

  • the utility model belongs to the technical field of coal mine roadway support, and relates to an energy absorption bracket of a one-way backboard It is mainly used for impact protection of U-shaped steel brackets in mining roadway of deep impact ground pressure mine.
  • the impact protection of deep mine roadway support mainly relies on bracket protection, while the existing U
  • the steel brackets have the advantages of simple support structure, large bearing capacity, fast increasing resistance, high support strength and high shrinkability. They are widely used in roadway surrounding rock instability, large deformation, and dynamic pressure. Greater impact
  • the coal mine mining roadway overcomes the non-shrinkable shortcomings of the rigid support. As the mining depth increases, the dynamic phenomena such as the impact pressure of the roadway increase, and when the impact pressure occurs, a large amount of impact energy is released, and the energy is transmitted through the medium in the form of a shock wave.
  • the support structure formed by the U-shaped steel bracket has a strong impact damage.
  • the supporting structure formed by the steel bracket not only can withstand the strong static load of the surrounding rock, but also bears the high speed and strong dynamic load generated by the impact ground pressure, while the existing U
  • the support structure composed of the steel bracket has poor impact resistance, and the lap joint connection method cannot achieve rapid shrinkage and pressure relief, so it is difficult to quickly relieve the pressure and not absorb the impact during the occurrence of the ground pressure. The energy released, so it is difficult to effectively resist the high-strength dynamic load generated by the impact pressure.
  • Chinese patent CN201310489010 an energy-absorbing and anti-shocking backing plate of a bracket, discloses an energy-absorbing and anti-backing backboard, in U Between the steel beam roof beam and the surrounding rock of the roadway, it has the characteristics of high strength, corrosion resistance, etc., and can quickly give way and absorb energy under dynamic load conditions.
  • the device uses the rapid compression of the gas in the air pressure cylinder and the relief pressure of the safety valve to release the overload pressure, so as to achieve the function of absorbing energy to ensure that the bearing capacity of the bracket is within the acceptable range during weak impact.
  • the bracket is protected from damage; in the moment when the strong impact ground pressure occurs, the gas in the air pressure anti-crushing cylinder is rapidly compressed, the energy absorption column quickly gives up the energy absorption, the energy absorption connecting beam deforms and absorbs energy, and the cone sleeve squeezes the expansion ring to enhance Its energy absorbing ability consumes shock wave energy and protects the bracket from impact damage.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide an energy-absorbing bracket for a one-way backboard.
  • the dynamic load condition can quickly give way, absorb energy, and unidirectionally shrink, which is safe and reliable.
  • the technical solution adopted to solve its technical problems is: design an energy-absorbing bracket with a one-way back plate, including an upper pad, an energy absorption column, a lower pad, and a pneumatic anti-crush cylinder. , a snap ring, a connecting rod and an energy absorbing connecting beam, characterized in that: a unidirectional retracting device capable of hindering the relative movement of the upper and lower pads is disposed between the upper pad and the lower pad, the one-way retracting device comprising a sheath, The upper and lower ends of the one-way retracting device are respectively connected to the upper pad and the lower pad through the rotating shaft, the one-way retracting device comprises a sliding plate and a limit card, and the limit card is used for limiting the retraction of the sliding plate, and the sliding plate is arranged continuously
  • the card slot includes a limiting shaft, an elastic limiting piece, a limit button, a shift lever and a wrench, and includes a rigid plate with protruding serrations respectively connected to the upper pad and the
  • the energy absorbing back plate absorbs most of the impact energy during the compression process, and can greatly reduce the effect on the U Impact energy on the steel bracket ensures the role of U
  • the load on the steel bracket is within its acceptable range, and after the impact, the energy-absorbing backboard is locked by the self-contained one-way contraction device, and the rebound of the surrounding rock is not repeated repeatedly, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the roadway. .
  • the upper and lower pads move in the opposite direction under the action of the energy absorption column, and the one-way contraction device is driven to lock the phase movement of the upper and lower pads.
  • Figure 1 shows the structure of the sliding plate and the limit card.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the sliding plate
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the limit piece
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limit card
  • Figure 5 is an overall schematic view of the elastic sawtooth bracket
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the overall arrangement with a limited position card holder
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the sheath structure
  • a unidirectional back plate energy absorbing bracket, upper pad 1, energy absorbing column 2, lower pad 5, pneumatic anti-cylinder 6 , the snap ring 7, the connecting rod 3 and the energy absorbing connecting beam 4, between the upper backing plate 1 and the lower backing plate 5 are provided with a one-way retracting device 10 capable of hindering the relative movement of the upper and lower pads, the one-way retracting device 10 comprising
  • the upper and lower ends of the one-way retracting device 10 are respectively connected to the upper pad 1 and the lower pad 5 via the rotating shaft 19, and the one-way retracting device 10 includes a sliding plate 11 and a limit card 12, and the limit card 12 is used for limiting The sliding plate 11 is retracted.
  • the sliding plate 11 is provided with a continuous card slot 13 .
  • the limiting card 12 includes a limiting shaft 14 , an elastic limiting piece 15 , a limit button 16 , a shift lever 17 and a wrench 18 .
  • the underground environment is bad, and there are many dust particles and debris. Entering the one-way contraction device 10 will damage the internal structure and hinder the normal movement of the sliding plate 10; the sheath 20 can be provided for effective internal protection; the sheath 20 is buckled with two sides.
  • the assembly method is easy to disassemble for internal cleaning, and the rubber pad 21 prevents particles from being poured from above.
  • the limiting shaft 14, the elastic limiting piece 15, the limiting key 16, and the wrench 18 are fixedly coupled together, and the rotation of the limiting shaft 14 drives the elastic limiting piece 15 to rotate, and the limiting key 16 is sharpened by the elastic limiting piece 15.
  • the edge, the pointed edge is the limit button 16, the width of the limit button 16 is matched with the width of the card slot 13, and the shift lever 17 is used to limit the rotation of the elastic limiting piece 15.
  • the wrench 18 When retracting to a certain extent, the wrench 18 is pulled, the limiting shaft 14 drives the limiting piece 15 to rotate, the limiting button 16 is disengaged from the card slot 13, and the sliding plate 11 is retracted and slid to the appropriate slot position limit. The key 16 enters the card slot 13 again, and the upper pad 1 returns to the uncompressed state.
  • the elastic limiting piece 15 closes the sliding inlet of the sliding plate 11 under the action of its own elastic force.
  • the closed inlet is opened, and the elastic limiting piece 15 presses the sliding groove of the sliding plate 11 to slide.
  • the plate 11 is only allowed to slide down and is locked by the card slot 13 and cannot be retracted, including the wrench 18.
  • the sliding plate 11 needs to be relaxed, and the sliding plate 11 and the upper pad are required.
  • the rotating shaft 19 functions as a one-way retracting device 10 which can tilt relative to the upper and lower pads, and does not damage the internal structure of the device due to the horizontal displacement of the upper and lower pads. It is not necessary to strictly require the unidirectional retracting device 10 and the upper and lower pads to be clamped. angle.
  • the limiting shaft 14 simultaneously functions as a reinforcing limiting piece 15, and the shift lever 17 controls and defines the rotation amplitude of the limiting piece 15.
  • an energy-absorbing bracket for a one-way backboard includes left and right upper pads 1 , left and right energy absorption columns 2 , left and right lower pads 5 , left and right air pressure cylinders 6, left and right snap rings 7, connecting rods 3 and energy absorbing connecting beams 4, upper rigid plates 8 with protruding serrations connected to the upper pad 1 and the lower pad 5 And lower rigid plate 9
  • the serrations of the rigid plate 8 are inclined upward, and the serrations of the rigid plate 9 are inclined downward, opposite to the serrations on the rigid plate 8.
  • the utility model is placed between the top beam of the U-shaped steel bracket and the surrounding rock of the roadway, and the left and right two lower backing plates 5 are respectively placed in the adjacent two U
  • the surrounding rock of the roadway acts on the upper backing plate 1 of the utility model, and the pressing upper backing plate 1 moves downward to provide a space for the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway to avoid excessive pressure on the roadway.
  • damage When an impact occurs, due to the better compressibility of the gas, the gas in the cylinder is rapidly compressed during impact, absorbs the impact energy and provides a space for the displacement, providing a space for the deformation of the surrounding rock.
  • Upper rigid plate with serrated protrusions 8 The lower rigid plate 9 is displaced in the forward direction by the relative movement of the saw teeth in opposite directions and close to each other.

Abstract

一种单向背板的吸能支架，属于煤矿巷道支护技术领域，主要应用于深部冲击地压矿井回采巷道内的U型钢支架。该单向背板的吸能支架包括上垫板（1）、吸能柱（2）、下垫板（5）、气压防冲缸（6）、卡环（7）、连接杆（3）和吸能连接梁（4），在上垫板（1）和下垫板（5）中间设有能够阻碍上下垫板相去运动的单向收缩装置（10），所述单向收缩装置（10）包括护套（20）。该单向背板的吸能支架具有强度高、抗腐蚀性等特点，在动载条件能够快速让位、吸能，安全可靠。

Description

一种单向背板的吸能支架 一种单向背板的吸能支架
技术领域
本 实用新型 属于煤矿巷道支护技术领域，涉及 一种单向背板的吸能支架 ，主要应用于深部冲击地压矿井回采巷道内的 U 型钢支架抗冲击防护。
背景技术
目前，深部矿井回采巷道支护的防冲主要依靠支架防护，而现有的 U 型钢支架构成的支护结构比较简单、承载能力较大、具有增阻速度快、支 护强度高和可缩性高等优点，被广泛应用于巷道围岩不稳定、变形量较大、受动压影响较大 的煤矿回采巷道，其克服了刚性支架的不可收缩缺点。随着矿井开采深度的不断增加，巷道冲击地压等动力现象增多，冲击地压发生时，释放大量冲击能量，这些能量以冲击波的形式通过介质传播到 U 型钢支架构成的支护结构上，对其产生强烈的冲击破坏。这就要求 U 型钢支架构成的支护结构不但能承受强大的围岩静载，更要其承受冲击地压产生的高速、强烈动载，而现有 U 型钢支架构成的支护结构抗冲击性较差，且其采用的搭接的连接方式无法做到快速收缩卸压，因此很难做到快速让位卸压，无法及时吸收冲击地压发生过程中释放的能量，因此难以有效抵御冲击地压产生的高强动载。
为了保护 U 型钢支架，中国专利CN201310489010一种支架的吸能防冲背板，公开了一种吸能防冲背板，在 U 型钢支架顶梁与巷道围岩之间，具有强度高、抗腐蚀性等特点，在动载条件能够快速让位、吸能。在发生弱冲击时，该装置利用气压防冲缸内气体的快速压缩及安全阀卸压释放过载压力，实现吸能让位功能，保证弱冲击时支架的支护承载力在可承受范围之内，使支架免受破坏；在强冲击地压发生瞬间，气压防冲缸内的气体被快速压缩、吸能柱快速让位吸能，吸能连接梁变形吸能，锥套挤压胀环增强其吸能能力，消耗冲击波能量，保护支架免遭冲击破坏。
但是在复杂的巷道工况环境必然会有多次的冲击，而该专利公开的吸能背板在承受多次强弱不同的冲击后周遭环境必然发生变化，导致背板回弹，反向冲击周遭围岩，导致围岩变疏松，如此反复，重复回弹极可能导致周遭坍塌等安全事故。
实用新型内容
针对现有吸能防冲背板的缺陷，本实用新型要解决的技术问题是：提供一种单向背板的吸能支架， 在动载条件能够快速让位、吸能，单向收缩，安全可靠。
解决其技术问题所采取的技术方案为：设计 一种单向背板的吸能支架，包括上垫板，吸能柱，下垫板 ，气压防冲缸 ，卡环，连接杆和吸能连接梁，其特征在于：在上垫板和下垫板中间设有能够阻碍上下垫板相去运动的单向收缩装置，所述单向收缩装置包括护套，单向收缩装置上下端通过转轴分别连接上垫板和下垫板，所述单向收缩装置包括滑动板和限位卡，限位卡用于限制滑动板的回缩，所述滑动板设置连续的卡槽，所述限位卡包括限位轴、弹性限位片、限位键、档杆和扳手，包括分别连接在上垫板和下垫板上的带有突出锯齿的刚性板，其中，连接在上垫板的刚性板的锯齿向上倾斜，连接在下垫板的刚性板的锯齿向下倾斜，与连接在上垫板的刚性板的锯齿呈反方向排列；包括分别连接在上垫板和下垫板上的带有突出方向相反的突出部分的刚性板，其中，连接在上垫板的刚性板的突出部分向上倾斜突出，连接在下垫板的刚性板的突出部分向下倾斜突出，与连接在上垫板的刚性板的突出部分呈反方向排列。
本实用新型取得的有益效果是：
利用本装置和方法，吸能背板在被压缩过程中，吸收大部分冲击能，可大幅度降低作用到 U 型钢支架上的冲击能，保证作用在 U 型钢支架上的载荷在其可承受范围之内，而冲击过后，吸能背板被自带的单向收缩装置锁死，不会反复重复回弹引起围岩晃动疏松，从而保证巷道稳定与安全。
巷道围岩挤压冲击过后，上下垫板在吸能柱推动作用下发生相去方向的运动，带动单向收缩装置，将上下垫板的相去运动锁死。
附图说明
下面结合附图及实施方式对本实用新型作进一步详细的说明：
图 1 为滑动板和限位卡结构示意图
图2为滑动板结构示意图
图3为限位片结构示意图
图4为限位卡结构示意图
图5为带有弹性锯齿支架整体示意图
图6为带有限位卡支架整体示意图
图7为护套结构示意图
图中：1上垫板 2吸能柱 3连接杆 4吸能连接梁 5下垫板 6气压防冲缸 7卡环 8上刚性板 9下刚性板 10单向收缩装置 11滑动板 12限位卡 13卡槽 14限位轴 15弹性限位片 16限位键 17档杆 18扳手 19转轴 20护套 21胶垫。
具体实施方式
实施例 1
如图所示 ，一种单向背板的吸能支架，上垫板1，吸能柱2，下垫板 5 ，气压防冲缸6 ，卡环7，连接杆3和吸能连接梁4，在上垫板1和下垫板5中间设有能够阻碍上下垫板相去运动的单向收缩装置10，所述单向收缩装置10包括护套20；单向收缩装置10上下端通过转轴19分别连接上垫板1和下垫板5，所述单向收缩装置10包括滑动板11和限位卡12，限位卡12用于限制滑动板11的回缩，所述滑动板11设置连续的卡槽13，所述限位卡12包括限位轴14、弹性限位片15、限位键16、档杆17和扳手18。
井下环境恶劣，粉尘颗粒杂物较多，进入单向收缩装置10会损坏内部结构，阻碍滑动板10的正常运动；设置所述护套20，可以有效的进行内部防护；护套20采用两边扣合的组装方式，容易拆分进行内部清理，胶垫21阻止颗粒从上方灌入。
限位轴14、弹性限位片15、限位键16、扳手18固定连接在一起，限位轴14的转动带动弹性限位片15转动，限位键16为弹性限位片15的尖化边缘，该尖化边缘即限位键16，限位键16的宽度与卡槽13的宽度相配合，档杆17用于限制弹性限位片15的转动。将本实用新型放置于 U 型钢支架顶梁与巷道围岩之间，左、右两个下垫板 5 分别放置在相邻两架 U 型钢支架上，当巷道围岩缓慢变形，巷道围岩作用于本实用新型的上垫板 1 ，压迫上垫板 1 向下移动，滑动板11向下运动，限位键16卡入卡槽13，卡槽13限制滑动板11回缩，当滑动板11继续向下运动，所述滑动板11设置连续的卡槽13，限位键16卡入下一个卡槽13。这样上垫板1和下垫板5之间的距离只会单向缩小，不会回弹。
当回缩到一定程度，扳动扳手18，限位轴14带动限位片15转动，限位键16从卡槽13中脱出，滑动板11得以回缩，滑动到合适的卡槽位置限位键16再次进入卡槽13，上垫板1回复到未受压状态。
所述弹性限位片15在自身弹力作用下封闭滑动板11的滑动入口，当滑动板11接入后封闭的入口被冲开，弹性限位片15压迫着滑动板11的卡槽一带，滑动板11只被允许下滑并被卡槽13锁定无法回缩，包括扳手18，当上垫板1和下垫板5之间的距离持续缩小，需要放松滑动板11，让滑动板11和上垫板1回复原状时，转动扳手18，扳手18带动弹性限位片15转动，限位键16从卡槽13脱出，按住扳手18不放，滑动板11的回缩不再受到阻碍，得以解锁。
其中转轴19起到单向收缩装置10可以相对上下垫板倾斜的作用，不会因为上下垫板水平方向的位移而破坏装置的内部结构，不必严格要求单向收缩装置10与上下垫板的夹角。
其中，限位轴14同时起到加固限位片15的作用，档杆17控制和限定限位片15的转动幅度。
实施例 2
如图所示 ，一种单向背板的吸能支架，包括左、右上垫板 1 ，左、右吸能柱 2 ，左、右下垫板 5 ，左、右气压防冲缸 6 ，左、右卡环 7 ，连接杆 3 和吸能连接梁 4 ，连接在上垫板 1 、和下垫板 5 上的带有突出锯齿的上刚性板 8 和下刚性板 9 ，其中，刚性板 8 的锯齿向上倾斜，刚性板 9 的锯齿向下倾斜，与刚性板 8 上面的锯齿反方向。
将本实用新型放置于 U 型钢支架顶梁与巷道围岩之间，左、右两个下垫板 5 分别放置在相邻两架 U 型钢支架上，当巷道围岩缓慢变形，巷道围岩作用于本实用新型的上垫板 1 ，压迫上垫板 1 向下移动，给巷道围岩提供让位变形空间，避免自身承受过高压力而损坏 ; 当发生冲击时，由于气体具有较好的可压缩性，冲击时缸体内气体被快速压缩，吸收冲击能并提供让位空间，为围岩提供让位变形空间。同时带有锯齿状突出物的上刚性板 8 、下刚性板 9 因锯齿方向相反且进行相互靠近的相对运动，刚性板发生顺方向错位位移。
当冲击过后，冲击力消除，气缸内的压力开始推动上垫板 1 向外即向挤压围岩方向移动，此时上刚性板 8 、下刚性板 9 将发生相互远离的相对运动，由于上下刚性板的锯齿为反方向，此时锯齿相互啮合，锁死整个吸能背板装置，上垫板 1 将不再回弹移动。即不会对装置周遭围岩发生反方向作用力，避免反复冲击可能引起的围岩疏松、垮塌。
本领域内技术人员应当明白，基于本专利的构想容易想到和实现的构造设计，以及可达到多重目的的装置和方法，均在本专利的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种单向背板的吸能支架，包括上垫板，吸能柱，下垫板 ，气压防冲缸 ，卡环，连接杆和吸能连接梁，其特征在于：在上垫板和下垫板中间设有能够阻碍上下垫板相去运动的单向收缩装置，所述单向收缩装置包括护套。
  2. 按照权利要求 1 所述一种单向背板的吸能支架，其特征在于：单向收缩装置上下端通过转轴分别连接上垫板和下垫板。
  3. 按照权利要求 1 或 2 所述一种单向背板的吸能支架，其特征在于：所述单向收缩装置包括滑动板和限位卡，限位卡用于限制滑动板的回缩。
  4. 按照权利要求 3 所述一种单向背板的吸能支架，其特征在于：所述滑动板设置连续的卡槽。
  5. 按照权利要求 3 所述一种单向背板的吸能支架，其特征在于：所述限位卡包括限位轴、弹性限位片、限位键、档杆和扳手。
  6. 按照权利要求 1 或 2 所述一种单向背板的吸能支架，其特征在于：包括分别连接在上垫板和下垫板上的带有突出锯齿的刚性板，其中，连接在上垫板的刚性板的锯齿向上倾斜，连接在下垫板的刚性板的锯齿向下倾斜，与连接在上垫板的刚性板的锯齿呈反方向排列。
  7. 按照权利要求 1 或 2 所述一种单向背板的吸能支架，其特征在于：包括分别连接在上垫板和下垫板上的带有突出方向相反的突出部分的刚性板，其中，连接在上垫板的刚性板的突出部分向上倾斜突出，连接在下垫板的刚性板的突出部分向下倾斜突出，与连接在上垫板的刚性板的突出部分呈反方向排列。
PCT/CN2014/086252 2014-07-12 2014-09-11 一种单向背板的吸能支架 WO2016008207A1 (zh)

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CN108763705A (zh) * 2018-05-18 2018-11-06 辽宁工程技术大学 一种诱导式防冲吸能支护构件的设计方法

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CN203925529U (zh) * 2014-07-12 2014-11-05 朱林学 一种单向收缩的吸能支架

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