CN102418538B - 一种煤矿用高速吸能防冲让位液压支架 - Google Patents
一种煤矿用高速吸能防冲让位液压支架 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102418538B CN102418538B CN2011103638557A CN201110363855A CN102418538B CN 102418538 B CN102418538 B CN 102418538B CN 2011103638557 A CN2011103638557 A CN 2011103638557A CN 201110363855 A CN201110363855 A CN 201110363855A CN 102418538 B CN102418538 B CN 102418538B
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001429 stepping Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明提供了一种煤矿用高速吸能防冲让位液压支架包括底梁、吸能让位构件、连杆、液压支柱、顶梁；两个顶梁用铰接方式连接在一起，在两个顶梁的铰接处填充吸能材料，底梁和顶梁通过连杆连接，所述吸能让位构件内部填充有吸能材料，吸能让位构件的一端与底梁或者顶梁连接，吸能让位构件的另一端与液压支柱的一端配合，液压支柱的另一端安装于顶梁的柱窝内或者底梁的柱窝内。使液压支架同时具备了刚性支护和“柔性支护”的特性，不仅可以保护液压支架整体不损坏、有效减少围岩破坏程度、保障井下作业人员安全；而且，在冲击地压发生后，还可以大大缩短恢复生产的时间。
Description
一种煤矿用高速吸能防冲让位液压支架
[0001] 技术领域
[0002] 本发明涉及一种煤矿用高速吸能防冲让位液压支护设备，尤其涉及一种用于冲击地压工作面上下顺槽超前安全支护的、可有效避免因冲击地压造成矿工伤亡事故和破坏工作巷道的液压支架系统。
背景技术
[0003] 冲击地压是煤矿井下巷道、煤柱、采掘工作面等煤岩体突然迅猛破坏而造成的一种动力灾害。一般情况下，冲击地压发生，造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失。据不完全统计，中国已有百余个煤矿发生过严重冲击地压灾害，灾害范围几乎遍布全中国各大矿区。随着煤矿开采深度的不断增加，开采强度不断加大，冲击地压灾害愈发严重，冲击地压灾害已成为煤矿重大灾害之一。
[0004]目前，世界范围内防治冲击地压灾害的方法主要有区域防范措施、卸压措施、支护措施。这些措施对防治冲击地压都有一定的效果，但都是单方面的弱化岩体应力或者强化围岩的承载能力。例如，锚杆(锚索)支护、喷射混凝土支护、棚-索协同支护和U型钢支护能起到加强围岩整体性的作用，但这些支护方式的共同缺陷是承受静载的能力都比较差。垛式液压支架可以强化抵抗顶板压力的能力，对防治顶板冲击能够起到一定作用，但垛式液压支架承受侧向冲击载荷的能力却很差，因此已基本被淘汰。
[0005] 近年来，人们对支护设备也做了些改进，例如，专利号为CN201020615845.9的实用新型名称为“垛式液压支架”和专利号为201120061926.3的实用新型名称为“门式巷道支护支架”均采用了液压支柱，不仅提高了围岩的整体稳定性，而且强化了抵抗冲击载荷的能力，在支护性能上具有一定的先进性。不论是新型垛式液压支架还是门式巷道支护支架，都属于“刚性支护”，虽然承受静载的能力强，但在冲击载荷作用下液压支架让位速度慢，没有吸收冲击能量的能力，以致液压支架受到严重弯曲变形、甚至被破坏。并且此种液压支架存在重量大、拆装不便、运输困难等缺陷。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明为了解决上述问题，基于冲击地压的特性和发生机理的理论，保留和集合了现有支护方式的优点，依据“刚柔耦合”的原理，设计了一种煤矿用高速吸能防冲让位液压支架。
[0007] 本发明所述的煤矿用高速吸能防冲让位液压支架包括:底梁、吸能让位构件、连杆、液压支柱、顶梁，两个顶梁用铰接方式连接在一起，底梁和顶梁通过连杆连接，所述吸能让位构件内部填充有吸能材料，吸能让位构件的一端与底梁或者顶梁连接，吸能让位构件的另一端与液压支柱的一端配合，液压支柱的另一端安装于顶梁的柱窝内或者底梁的柱窝内。
[0008] 吸能让位构件的材料为具有良好力学性能和弹性的材料，能够根据不同的工作环境和使用状态选用多孔泡沫铝、聚氨酯类材料或者橡胶材料。[0009] 为了进一步提高本发明所述液压支架的缓冲性能，在两个顶梁的铰接处填充吸能材料。
[0010] 由于煤矿的巷道尺寸不同，从而采用不同规格的支架，当支架的规格较大时，各部件自身的重量很大，将不易于安装。为了更容易的组装支架，本发明采用的连杆可以根据具体情况需用单连杆或者双连杆。当支架重量加大时可以采用双连杆，利于支架的组装。但是，在采用双连杆的情况下，当支架受到冲击时，不同连杆的的受力不均衡，从而导致受力较大的连杆被损坏。当有个别连杆损坏时，能够单独更换受损的连杆，以保证在较短的时间内恢复生产。
[0011] 为了降低梁体的重量，本发明的顶梁和底梁采用桁架式的梁体结构，不仅可以改善梁体的受力结构，而且提高了材料的利用率。
[0012] 为了减少安装步骤，作为进一步的改进，吸能让位构件与液压支柱设置为一个整体。
[0013] 当组装完毕后，将液压支柱注液，使液压支架整体立起，并与巷道形成支撑状态，继续升压液压支柱以形成支架对巷道圆周方向的初撑力，从而实现对巷道的主动有效安全支护。
[0014] 在开采过程中，如果发生冲击地压，岩体内释放的巨大弹性能首先作用于液压支架的吸能让位构件上，吸能让位构件和吸能材料能够在瞬间吸收围岩体释放的巨大弹性能量而发生让位和压缩变形，支架也随吸能让位构件和吸能材料的变形而同步收敛。这一过程，既是吸收弹性能量的过程，也是保护支架和工作巷道的过程。由此可见，本发明高速吸能防冲让位液压支架不仅有效地保护了液压支架和围岩的完整性，还可以最大限度的防止了巷道的严重收敛变形，直接效果就是为矿工人身安全和安全生产现场环境提供了保证。
[0015] 本发明提供的高速吸能防冲让位液压支架基于冲击地压的特性和发生机理的理论研究，依据“刚柔耦合”的原理，吸取了垛式液压支架和门式液压支架“刚性支护”的优点，使其具有足够的承受静载能力，同时在重点部位和应力集中区设计了吸能让位构件，从根本上消除现有支护方式的缺陷。吸能让位构件本体具有足够的刚度支护特性，在未发生冲击地压时不降低液压支架整体支护强度的承载能力，因此整个液压支架具有“硬支”的特点，在不发生冲击地压的情况下，能够承受很高的矿山压力。在冲击地压发生时，煤岩体沿巷道径向瞬间释放巨大的弹性能量，使支架承受巨大的冲击载荷。在这种矿压工况条件下，现有的支架极易被破坏而导致巷道坍塌，而本发明所述的高速吸能防冲让位液压支架由于具有其特有的吸能让位构件能够高速变形并吸能让位，实现瞬间吸收冲击地压释放的巨大冲击能量并让位，能够保护液压支架整体不损坏。从而保证吸能让位后，本支架依然保持设计的静压承载工作阻力，不仅可以保护液压支架整体不损坏、有效减少围岩破坏程度、保障井下作业人员安全；而且，在冲击地压发生后，还能够大大缩短恢复生产的时间。
[0016] 综上所述，本发明所述的高速吸能防冲让位液压支架在具有刚性支护的同时又具备了 “柔性支护”的特性，从而具有足够的承受静载的能力和冲击载荷的能力。因此，本发明所述的液压支架具有“刚性强力支护、柔性吸能让位、刚性强力支撑”的刚柔耦合的支护特性，这是目前任何一种支架都不具有的功能。
[0017] 另外，本发明采用桁架式的梁体结构不仅可以改善梁体的受力结构，而且相对于传统的矩形箱式梁结构，等强度的桁架式梁体重量可以更轻，提高了材料的利用率，即与其他支架相比，具有重量相对较轻的科技集约优势。
附图说明
[0018] 图1为本发明所述的煤矿用高速吸能防冲让位液压支架的结构示意图。
[0019] 图中:1_底梁，2-吸能让位构件，3-连杆，4-液压支柱，5-顶梁，6-吸能材料
具体实施方式
[0020] 下面结合附图对本发明所述的煤矿用高速吸能防冲让位液压支架做进一步说明。
[0021] 本发明所述的煤矿用高速吸能防冲让位液压支架包括:底梁1、吸能让位构件2、连杆3、液压支柱4、顶梁5，两个顶梁5用铰接方式连接在一起，底梁I和顶梁5通过连杆3连接，所述吸能让位构件2内部填充有吸能材料6，吸能让位构件2的一端与底梁I或者顶梁5连接，吸能让位构件2的另一端与液压支柱4的一端配合，液压支柱4的另一端安装于顶梁5的柱窝内或者底梁I的柱窝内。
[0022] 吸能材料6选用多孔泡沫铝、聚氨酯类材料或者橡胶，所述吸能材料6均具有较好的抗冲击性能和缓冲性能。多孔泡沫铝由于其多孔的特性，当受得离得冲击时吸收能量，具有良好的减振和抗冲击的性能，在收到冲击时，多孔泡沫铝能够快速的吸收冲击能量，同时发生弹性变形，起到缓冲的作用，然后又重新恢复原来的形状。聚氨酯类材料由于其良好的弹性特性，也能够用于本发明中所述的吸能材料6，当支架用于腐蚀性环境时，吸能材料6为聚氨酯类材料。但是，由于聚氨酯类材料在冲击过程中易发生塑性变形，不易恢复原状。当在腐蚀环境中，为了提高吸能材料的利用率可以选用弹性较好的橡胶材料，橡胶材料不仅具有良好的弹性，而且不会发生塑性变形，能够多次使用。故可以根据不同的工作环境和要求选用不同的材质的吸能材料6。
[0023] 为了进一步提高本发明所述液压支架的缓冲性能，在两个顶梁5的铰接处填充吸能材料6。
[0024] 由于煤矿的巷道尺寸不同，从而采用不同规格的支架，当支架的规格较大时，各部件自身的重量很大，将不易于安装。当支架重量加大时所述的连杆3可以采用双连杆，利于支架的组装。为了更容易的组装支架，本发明采用的连杆可以根据具体情况需用单连杆或者双连杆。
[0025] 作为进一步改进，为了减少安装步骤，吸能让位构件2与液压支柱4可以为一个整体。
[0026] 作为进一步改进，本发明的顶梁5和底梁I采用桁架式的梁体结构不仅可以改善梁体的受力结构，并且相对于传统的矩形箱式梁结构，等强度的桁架式梁体重量可以更轻，提闻材料的利用率。
[0027] 上述具体实施方式为的优选实施例，本发明不限于上述实施例，对于本领域技术人员来说，对本发明的上述实施例所做出的任何显而易见的改进或变更均属于本发明的权利要求和所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种煤矿用高速吸能防冲让位液压支架，包括底梁(I)、连杆(3)、液压支柱(4)、顶梁(5)，其特征在于:还包括吸能让位构件(2)，所述吸能让位构件(2)内部填充有吸能材料(6)，两个顶梁(5)用铰接方式连接在一起，底梁(I)和顶梁(5)通过连杆(3)连接，吸能让位构件(2)的一端与底梁(I)或者顶梁(5)连接，另一端与液压支柱(4)的一端配合，液压支柱(4)的另一端安装于顶梁(5 )的柱窝内或者底梁(I)的柱窝内，所述两个顶梁(5 )铰接处填充有吸能材料(6)，所述吸能让位构件(2)与液压支柱(4)为一个整体，所述底梁(I)和顶梁(5)采用桁架式的梁体结构，所述连杆(3)是单连杆或双连杆，所述吸能材料(6)为多孔泡沫铝、聚氨酯类材料或橡胶材料。
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| CN104989436B (zh) * | 2015-06-02 | 2017-03-29 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | 一种吸能式抗冲击的巷道断面液压支架 |
| CN106351678B (zh) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-05-18 | 安徽理工大学 | 一种能够自动调整支撑刚度的矿用支架 |
| CN110159331A (zh) * | 2018-02-12 | 2019-08-23 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | 一种自移式防冲巷道液压支架 |
| CN111878139A (zh) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-03 | 山东建筑大学 | 一种可缩水囊支腿及水囊卸载式防冲支架 |
| CN112595480B (zh) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-08-24 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种巷道液压式吸能支护相似模拟实验装置 |
| CN113685208B (zh) * | 2021-07-14 | 2022-07-22 | 东北大学 | 一种流固耦合式多级吸能防冲液压立柱及其工作方法 |
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| CN201747387U (zh) * | 2010-04-16 | 2011-02-16 | 辽宁天安矿山科技有限公司 | 巷道支护支架 |
| CN201826862U (zh) * | 2010-10-28 | 2011-05-11 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | 让位缓冲吸能单体液压支架装置 |
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| CN201747387U (zh) * | 2010-04-16 | 2011-02-16 | 辽宁天安矿山科技有限公司 | 巷道支护支架 |
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Granted publication date: 20131204 Termination date: 20201116 |