WO2016006180A1 - 光スイッチングデバイス及びその製造方法、並びに建材 - Google Patents
光スイッチングデバイス及びその製造方法、並びに建材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016006180A1 WO2016006180A1 PCT/JP2015/003152 JP2015003152W WO2016006180A1 WO 2016006180 A1 WO2016006180 A1 WO 2016006180A1 JP 2015003152 W JP2015003152 W JP 2015003152W WO 2016006180 A1 WO2016006180 A1 WO 2016006180A1
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- optical
- light
- variable
- state
- switching device
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1345—Conductors connecting electrodes to cell terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/50—OLEDs integrated with light modulating elements, e.g. with electrochromic elements, photochromic elements or liquid crystal elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2417—Light path control; means to control reflection
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13718—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a change of the texture state of a cholesteric liquid crystal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/44—Arrangements combining different electro-active layers, e.g. electrochromic, liquid crystal or electroluminescent layers
Definitions
- An optical switching device, a method of manufacturing the same, and an invention of a building material are disclosed. More specifically, an optical switching device whose degree of light transmission can be changed by power, a method of manufacturing the same, and a building material are disclosed.
- the member whose light transmittance is changed can be used for building materials such as windows.
- the light transmittance changes between the light emitting state and the non-light emitting state.
- An organic EL element whose optical characteristics change is exemplified in, for example, Patent Document 1.
- the optical characteristic which changes the advancing direction of light is provided, and the optical characteristic of an organic EL element is changed.
- a variation in the change between the transparent state and the non-transparent state is expected to further improve the optical characteristics.
- the invention disclosed below aims to provide an optical switching device stably manufactured and having excellent optical characteristics, a method of manufacturing the same, and a building material.
- the optical switching device of the present disclosure is planar, and a plurality of optical variable bodies whose degree of optical state can be changed by electric power, and an optical adjustment layer disposed between the plurality of optical variable bodies. And have.
- the optical variable body includes a pair of substrates, a pair of electrodes disposed between the pair of substrates, and an optical variable layer which is disposed between the pair of electrodes and whose degree of optical state can be changed; Is equipped.
- the optical adjustment layer adheres the plurality of optical variable bodies in a plane in the thickness direction, and adjusts the refractive index between the substrates of the adjacent optical variable bodies in the visible light wavelength range.
- the electrode has an exposed surface for supplying power.
- the adhesion of the optical adjustment layer to the substrate is larger than the adhesion of the optical variable layer to the electrode.
- One aspect of the building material of the present disclosure includes the above-described optical switching device and a wiring.
- a step of bonding the plurality of optical variable bodies with the optical adjustment layer, and one end in the thickness direction at a side end of the plurality of optical variable bodies Cutting from the substrate disposed at the other end to the optically variable layer disposed at the other end in the thickness direction, and removing the side end of the optically variable body along the incision; Exposing the electrode.
- the optical switching device of the present disclosure is stably manufactured and has excellent optical characteristics.
- the building materials of the present disclosure are excellent in optical properties.
- the method of manufacturing an optical switching device of the present disclosure can easily manufacture an optical switching device having excellent optical characteristics.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the optical switching device.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the optical switching device.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the optical switching device.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a method of manufacturing an optical switching device.
- FIG. 4A shows a plurality of optical variable bodies before bonding.
- B of FIG. 4 shows a state after bonding a plurality of optical variable bodies.
- C of FIG. 4 shows the state after making a cut.
- D of FIG. 4 shows the state after removing the side end.
- E of FIG. 4 shows the state after connecting wiring.
- FIG. 4A shows a plurality of optical variable bodies before bonding.
- B of FIG. 4 shows a state after bonding a plurality of optical variable bodies.
- C of FIG. 4 shows the state after making a cut.
- D of FIG. 4 shows the state after
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram which shows the effect
- a of FIG. 5 shows the state in which the light scattering property is functioning.
- B of FIG. 5 shows a state in which light is emitted.
- C in FIG. 5 shows a state in which the light reflectivity is functioning.
- D of FIG. 5 shows a state in which the light absorbing function is functioning.
- E in FIG. 5 shows a state in which light scattering functions and emits light.
- F in FIG. 5 shows a state in which the light scattering property and the light reflectivity function.
- G in FIG. 5 shows a state in which the light scattering property and the light absorption property are functioning.
- H in FIG. 5 shows a state in which the light reflectivity functions and emits light.
- FIG. 5 shows a state in which light absorption functions and light is emitted.
- J in FIG. 5 shows a state in which the light reflectivity and the light absorbency are functioning.
- K in FIG. 5 indicates a state in which the light scattering property and the light reflectivity function and emit light.
- L in FIG. 5 shows a state in which the light scattering property and the light absorption function and light is emitted.
- M of FIG. 5 shows the state in which the light scattering property, the light reflectivity and the light absorption function.
- N in FIG. 5 indicates a state in which the light reflectivity and the light absorption function and emit light.
- P in FIG. 5 indicates a state in which the light scattering property, the light reflectivity, and the light absorption function and emit light.
- Q in FIG. 5 indicates a state in which all of the light scattering property, the light reflectivity, and the light absorbing property are not functioned, and light is not emitted.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing an example of
- FIG. 1 is an example of an optical switching device 100.
- FIG. 2 is another example of the optical switching device 100.
- FIG. 3 is another example of the optical switching device 100.
- the optical switching device 100 includes a plurality of optical variable bodies 1.
- the plurality of optical variable bodies 1 are configured by the first optical variable body 1A and the second optical variable body 1B.
- the plurality of optical variable bodies 1 are configured by the first optical variable body 1A, the second optical variable body 1B, and the third optical variable body 1C.
- the plurality of optical variable bodies 1 are configured by a first optical variable body 1A, a second optical variable body 1B, a third optical variable body 1C, and a fourth optical variable body 1D. The presence of the plurality of optical variable bodies 1 improves the optical characteristics.
- the optical variable body 1 is planar.
- the optical variable 1 can change the degree of the optical state by the power.
- the optical state means any of a transparency, a light emitting property, a light scattering property, a light reflectivity and a light absorbing property.
- the optical variable body 1 includes a pair of substrates 6 and 6, a pair of electrodes 5 and 5, and an optical variable layer 2.
- the pair of electrodes 5, 5 is disposed between the pair of substrates 6, 6.
- the optical variable layer 2 is disposed between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5.
- the optical variable layer 2 can change the degree of the optical state.
- the electrode 5 has an exposed surface 5s for supplying power in plan view. The exposed surface 5s facilitates the supply of power.
- the optical switching device 100 includes an optical adjustment layer 3.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 is disposed between the plurality of optical variable bodies 1.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 adheres the plurality of optical variable bodies 1 in a plane in the thickness direction.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 adjusts the refractive index between the substrates 6 of the adjacent optical variable bodies 1 in the visible light wavelength range.
- the adhesion of the optical adjustment layer 3 to the substrate 6 is larger than the adhesion of the optical variable layer 2 to the electrode 5. Since the refractive index difference between the substrates is adjusted by the optical adjustment layer 3, the optical characteristics are improved. Furthermore, the adhesiveness to the adjacent board
- the thickness direction is the direction of the thickness of the optical switching device 100.
- the thickness direction is indicated by an arrow DT.
- the thickness direction may be a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 6.
- each layer of the optical switching device 100 can be considered to extend in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction.
- “in a plan view” means that it is viewed along a direction (thickness direction DT) perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 6.
- the optical switching device 100 is planar.
- the optical switching device 100 may be panel-shaped.
- the optical switching device 100 switches the state of light.
- the optical switching device 100 has a first surface F1 and a second surface F2 disposed on the opposite side of the first surface F1.
- the first surface F1 and the second surface F2 are outer surfaces. These faces may be exposed. Alternatively, the first surface F1 and the second surface F2 may be covered with another transparent planar member.
- the surface of the optical switching device 100 includes a flat surface and a curved surface.
- the surface may be composed of only a plane.
- the surface may be composed of only a curved surface.
- the surface may be arcuate.
- the surface may include both flat and curved surfaces.
- FIG. 1 to 3 are examples of the optical switching device 100, and the aspect of the optical switching device is not limited thereto.
- the optical switching device 100 and the respective components therein are schematically illustrated, and the actual dimensional relationships and the like of these may be different from the drawings.
- the configurations given the same reference numerals indicate the same configurations, and the description given regarding the configuration of the reference numbers can be applied in common.
- the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 and the optically variable layer 2 disposed therebetween constitute an optically variable portion.
- the optical variable part is a main part in the optical variable body 1.
- the optical variable part may be obtained by removing the substrate 6 from the optical variable body 1.
- the optical switching device 100 has a plurality of optical variable parts.
- the plurality of optical variable units are supported by the plurality of substrates 6.
- the optical variable unit is disposed between the pair of substrates 6. Thereby, the optical variable part is protected.
- the optical variable part can be easily manufactured and stabilized by being supported by the substrate 6.
- the plurality of substrates 6 are, in order from the first surface F1 side, the substrates 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6e, 6f, 6g, 6h, It is attached.
- the optical switching device 100 may have a plurality of substrates 6.
- the plurality of substrates 6 have optical transparency. Thereby, the optical switching device 100 with high optical characteristics can be obtained.
- the substrate 6 can function as a substrate for supporting each layer of the optical switching device 100.
- the substrate 6 can function as a substrate for sealing each layer of the optical switching device 100.
- the plurality of substrates 6 are arranged in the thickness direction.
- the optical switching device 100 may have a plurality of optical variable portions disposed between two substrates 6 disposed outside of the plurality of substrates 6. Thereby, the plurality of optical variable portions can be protected by the substrate 6.
- a glass substrate, a resin substrate, or the like can be used as the substrate 6, a glass substrate, a resin substrate, or the like.
- the glass has high transparency, so that the optical switching device 100 with excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.
- glass has low moisture permeability, moisture can be suppressed from entering the inside of the sealed region.
- Glass can have ultraviolet absorptivity, so that degradation of the device can be suppressed. Examples of the glass include soda glass, alkali-free glass and high refractive index glass. Thin film glass can be used as the substrate 6. In that case, in addition to high transparency and high moisture resistance, it is possible to obtain a flexible optical switching device 100.
- the resin substrate may be in the form of a film.
- the resin include PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PEN (polyethylene naphthalate).
- the two substrates 6 disposed outside may be glass substrates.
- the optical switching device 100 with excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.
- All of the plurality of substrates 6 may be glass substrates. In that case, the optical conditions can be easily controlled, and the optical characteristics can be enhanced.
- One or more of the inner substrates 6 may be a resin substrate. In that case, scattering at the time of destruction can be suppressed, and a safe optical switching device 100 can be obtained.
- the surface of the substrate 6 may be coated with any one or more of an antifouling material, an ultraviolet blocking material, an ultraviolet absorbing material, and a moistureproof material. In that case, the protection is enhanced.
- the electrode 5 can be constituted by a transparent conductive layer.
- a transparent conductive layer a transparent metal oxide, electroconductive particle containing resin, a metal thin film etc. can be used.
- the electrode 5 may use a conductive material optimized at each place.
- transparent metal oxides such as ITO and IZO are exemplified.
- the electrode 5 made of a transparent metal oxide is preferably used for the electrode 5 of the optical variable body 1.
- the electrode 5 may be a layer containing silver nanowires or a transparent metal layer such as thin film silver.
- the electrode 5 may be one in which a layer of a transparent metal oxide and a metal layer are laminated.
- the electrode 5 may be provided with a wiring for electrically assisting the transparent conductive layer.
- the electrode 5 may have a heat shielding effect. Thereby, the heat insulation may be enhanced.
- a moisture-proof layer may be formed between the substrate 6 and the electrode 5. The moisture-proof layer suppresses the entry of moisture into the optical switching device 100, so that the deterioration of the optical switching device 100 can be suppressed.
- the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 are two electrodes 5 that are electrically paired.
- One of the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 constitutes an anode, and the other constitutes a cathode.
- One of the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 may be disposed on the first surface F1 side, and the other may be disposed on the second surface F2 side.
- the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 may be disposed only on the first surface F1 side or only on the second surface F2 side.
- the plurality of electrodes 5 may be configured to allow electrical connection with a power supply.
- the optical switching device 100 may have an electrode pad, an electrical connection portion in which the electrode pad is electrically integrated, and the like in order to connect to the power supply.
- the electrical connection may be configured by a plug or the like.
- the electrode 5 has an exposed surface 5s.
- the exposed surface 5s is a surface for supplying power to the electrode 5.
- the exposed surface 5s of the electrode 5 is disposed at the side end of the optical switching device 100.
- the exposed surface 5 s is formed of a portion of the electrode 5 not in contact with the optical variable layer 2.
- the exposed surface 5s may be exposed from the optical variable layer 2.
- the exposed surface 5s may not be exposed to the outside.
- the exposed surface 5s is provided by the electrode 5 protruding beyond the optically variable layer 2 in plan view.
- the exposed surface 5 s may be covered by the connection wiring 4.
- the connection wiring 4 for electrically connecting to the power supply is connected to the exposed surface 5s.
- the optical switching device 100 may include the connection wiring 4. Since the electrode 5 has the exposed surface 5s, the electrical connection with the power supply is facilitated, and the power supply to the plurality of optical variable units can be favorably performed. Also, the connection wiring 4 makes electrical connection easier.
- the plurality of electrodes 5 are sequentially denoted by the electrodes 5 a, 5 b, 5 5 c, 5 d, 5 e, 5 f, 5 g, and 5 h, sequentially from the first surface F1 side. It is attached.
- the optical variable part has an optical variable layer 2.
- the optical variable layer 2 is disposed between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5.
- the optical variable layer 2 is supplied with power via the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 to change the degree of the optical state.
- the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 function as electrodes for driving the optical variable layer 2.
- the optically variable layer 2 in the first optically variable body 1A is defined as a first optically variable layer 2A.
- the second optically variable layer 2B, the third optically variable layer 2C, and the fourth optically variable layer 2D are defined as the optically variable layer 2 in the second to fourth optically variable bodies 1B to 1D, respectively.
- the plurality of optical variable units are configured by one selected from a planar light emitting unit, a light scattering variable unit, a light reflection variable unit, and a light absorption variable unit.
- the planar light emitting unit can be configured by an element that emits light planarly by the supply of power.
- the light scattering variable part may be configured by an element whose degree of light scattering can be changed by power.
- the light reflection variable part may be configured by an element whose degree of light reflection can be changed by power.
- the light absorption variable part may be configured by an element whose degree of light absorption can be changed by power.
- the optical variable 1 having a planar light emitting portion is defined as a planar light emitter.
- the optical variable 1 having the light scattering variable part is defined as a light scattering variable.
- the optical variable 1 having the light reflection variable part is defined as a light reflection variable.
- the optical variable 1 having the light absorption variable part is defined as a light absorption variable.
- the light switching device 100 may include two or more optical variable bodies 1 selected from a planar light emitter, a light scattering variable, a light reflection variable, and a light absorption variable.
- the plurality of optical variable units may include planar light emitting units.
- the planar light emitting unit can emit light in a planar manner.
- the planar light emitting unit may be an organic electroluminescent element (organic EL element). Thus, light emission with a thin and large area can be obtained.
- the planar light emitting unit may be transparent.
- the optical variable layer 2 can be composed of an organic light emitting layer.
- the organic EL element is an element having a configuration in which an organic light emitting layer is disposed between a pair of electrodes 5 and 5.
- the optical switching device can perform surface light emission.
- the organic light emitting layer is light transmissive. Therefore, at the time of light emission, light emitted from the organic light emitting layer can be emitted to both sides in the thickness direction. In addition, when not emitting light, light can be transmitted from one side to the other side.
- the organic light emitting layer is a layer having a function of causing light emission, and is constituted of a plurality of functional layers appropriately selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting material containing layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and an intermediate layer. It can be done. Of course, the organic light emitting layer may be composed of a single layer of the light emitting material containing layer. In the organic EL element, by causing electricity to flow between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5, holes and electrons are combined in the light emitting material containing layer to cause light emission.
- the direction of the current is one direction. Therefore, a DC power supply can be connected. Of course, direct current converted from alternating current may be used. Stable light emission can be obtained by a DC power supply.
- the emission color of the organic EL element may be white, blue, green or red. Of course, it may be an intermediate color between blue and green or green and red. Further, the color may be adjusted by an applied current.
- the plurality of optical variable parts may include a light scattering variable part.
- the light scattering variable part is configured to be able to change the degree of light scattering.
- the variable degree of light scattering may be adjustable between the high scattering state and the low scattering state. Alternatively, that the degree of light scattering can be changed may be adjustable between a state having light scattering and a state not having light scattering. When the degree of light scattering is adjustable, the optical state can be changed, and the light switching device 100 with excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.
- the light scattering variable part may be formed in a layer.
- the high scattering state is a state in which the light scattering property is high.
- the high scattering state is, for example, a state in which light incident from one surface changes its traveling direction to various directions by scattering, and is dispersed and emitted to the other surface.
- the high scattering state may be a state in which the object appears blurry when looking at the object present on the other surface side from one surface side.
- High scattering states can be translucent states. When the light scattering variable part exhibits light scattering properties, the light scattering variable part functions as a scattering layer that scatters light.
- the low scattering state is a state in which the light scattering property is low or not.
- the low scattering state is, for example, a state in which light incident from one surface maintains the traveling direction as it is and is emitted to the other surface.
- the low scattering state may be a state in which the object can be clearly viewed when the object present on the other surface side is viewed from one surface side.
- the low scattering state may be a transparent state.
- the light scattering variable portion exhibits a light scattering property between a high scattering state and a high scattering state, a low scattering state with low light scattering property or a low scattering state, and a high scattering state with high light scattering property. And may be configured to be capable of.
- the ability to exhibit light scattering between the high scattering state and the low scattering state can impart moderate light scattering properties, so that the optical state can be changed at high variation, and optical The characteristics can be further improved.
- a state exhibiting light scattering between a high scattering state and a low scattering state is referred to as a medium scattering state.
- the medium scattering state may have at least one scattering state between the high scattering state and the low scattering state.
- the medium scattering state is a preferred embodiment between the high scattering state and the low scattering state, having a plurality of states in which the degree of scattering is in a plurality of stages. As a result, the degree of scattering becomes a plurality of stages, so that the optical characteristics can be further enhanced.
- the optical characteristics are improved.
- the medium scattering state is a preferable embodiment that is configured to continuously change from the high scattering state to the low scattering state between the high scattering state and the low scattering state.
- the degree of scattering changes continuously, so that the optical state can be changed at high variation, and the optical characteristics can be further enhanced.
- an intermediate state can be created, and thus the optical characteristics are improved.
- the light scattering variable part may be configured to be able to maintain the medium scattering state.
- the light scattering variable part may scatter at least a part of visible light.
- the light scattering variable part may scatter all visible light.
- the light scattering variable part may scatter infrared light or scatter ultraviolet light.
- the optical variable layer 2 may be configured of a light scattering variable layer.
- the light scattering variable layer is disposed between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5. By applying a voltage between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5, the degree of light scattering in the light scattering variable layer changes.
- the light scattering variable may be connected to an alternating current source.
- materials in which the light scattering property is changed by an electric field there are many materials in which it is not possible to maintain the light scattering state at the time of voltage application as time passes from the start of voltage application.
- an alternating current power supply With an alternating current power supply, voltages can be alternately applied in both directions, and it is possible to apply a voltage substantially continuously by changing the direction of the voltage. Therefore, stable light scattering can be obtained by the AC power supply.
- the alternating current waveform may be a square wave. As a result, the amount of voltage to be applied is likely to be constant, and it becomes possible to stabilize the light scattering property.
- the alternating current may be a pulse.
- the medium scattering state can be formed by controlling the amount of applied voltage.
- a material of the light scattering variable layer a material whose molecular orientation is changed by electric field modulation can be used.
- a liquid crystal material may be mentioned.
- a polymer dispersed liquid crystal may be used. In the polymer dispersed liquid crystal, since the liquid crystal is held by the polymer, a stable light scattering variable layer can be formed.
- the polymer dispersed liquid crystal is called PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal).
- the solid substance from which scattering property changes with an electric field is also used preferably.
- the polymer dispersed liquid crystal may be composed of a resin part and a liquid crystal part.
- the resin portion is formed of a polymer.
- the resin portion may have light transparency. Thereby, the light scattering variable portion can be made to be light transmissive.
- the resin portion may be formed of a thermosetting resin, an ultraviolet curable resin, or the like.
- the liquid crystal portion is a portion where the liquid crystal structure is changed by an electric field. A nematic liquid crystal or the like is used for the liquid crystal portion.
- the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is a preferred embodiment in which the liquid crystal portion is present in the form of dots in the resin portion.
- the resin part may have a sea, and the liquid crystal part may have a sea-island structure forming an island.
- the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is a preferred embodiment in which the liquid crystal portion is irregularly connected in a mesh shape in the resin portion.
- the polymer dispersed liquid crystal may have a structure in which a resin portion is present in a dot shape in the liquid crystal portion or in which the resin portions are irregularly connected in a mesh shape in the liquid crystal portion.
- the light scattering variable part is in a light scattering state when no voltage is applied, and it is an aspect preferably in a light transmitting state when a voltage is applied.
- polymer dispersed liquid crystals such control can be achieved. This is because in liquid crystals, alignment can be made uniform by application of a voltage.
- the polymer dispersed liquid crystal it is possible to form a thin light scattering variable portion having a high light scattering property.
- the light scattering variable part may be in a light transmitting state when no voltage is applied, and may be in a light scattering state when a voltage is applied.
- the light scattering variable layer preferably maintains the light scattering state when a voltage is applied. Power efficiency is thereby increased.
- the property of maintaining the light scattering state is called hysteresis.
- the time during which the light scattering state is maintained is preferably longer, for example, one hour or more.
- the plurality of optical variable units may include a light reflection variable unit.
- the light reflection variable part is configured to be capable of changing the degree of light reflection.
- the variable degree of light reflectivity may be adjustable between the high reflection state and the low reflection state. Alternatively, that the degree of light reflectivity can be changed may be adjustable between a state having light reflectivity and a state not having light reflectivity. When the degree of light reflectivity is adjustable, the optical state can be changed, and the optical switching device 100 with excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.
- the light reflection variable part may be formed in a layer.
- the high reflection state is a state in which light reflectivity is high.
- the high reflection state is, for example, a state in which light incident on one surface changes its traveling direction to the opposite direction due to reflection, and is emitted to the incident side.
- the high reflection state may be a state in which an object present on one surface side can not be viewed from the other surface side.
- the high reflection state may be a state in which an object present on the same side is viewed when the light reflection variable part is viewed from one side.
- the high reflection state may be a mirror state. When the light reflection variable portion exhibits light reflectivity, the light reflection variable portion functions as a reflection layer that reflects light.
- the low reflection state is a state in which the light reflectivity is low or not.
- the low reflection state is, for example, a state in which light incident from one surface maintains the traveling direction as it is and is emitted to the other surface.
- the low reflection state may be a state in which the object can be clearly viewed when the object present on the other surface side is viewed from one surface side.
- the low reflection state may be a transparent state.
- the light reflection variable part exhibits light reflection between a high reflection state with high light reflectivity, a low reflection state with low light reflectivity or no light reflectivity, and a high reflection state and a low reflection state. And may be configured to be capable of. By being able to exhibit light reflectivity between the high reflection state and the low reflection state, it is possible to impart moderate light reflectivity, so it is possible to change the optical state in high variation, and it is possible to achieve The characteristics can be further improved.
- a state in which light reflectivity between the high reflection state and the low reflection state is exhibited is referred to as a medium reflection state.
- the medium reflection state may have at least one reflection state between the high reflection state and the low reflection state.
- the medium reflection state is a preferable embodiment in which the medium has a plurality of states in which the degree of reflection is in a plurality of stages between the high reflection state and the low reflection state.
- the degree of reflectivity is a plurality of stages, so that the optical characteristics can be further enhanced.
- the light reflectivity can be changed stepwise by switching a plurality of states of a high reflection state, a plurality of middle reflection states, and a low reflection state, the optical characteristics are improved.
- the medium reflection state is a preferred embodiment that is configured to change continuously from the high reflection state to the low reflection state between the high reflection state and the low reflection state.
- the degree of reflectivity changes continuously, so that the optical state can be changed at high variation, and the optical characteristics can be further enhanced.
- an intermediate state can be created, so that the optical characteristics are improved.
- the light reflection variable part may be configured to be able to maintain the medium reflection state.
- the light reflection variable part may reflect at least a part of visible light.
- the light reflection variable part may reflect all of visible light.
- the light reflection variable part may reflect infrared light.
- the light reflection variable part may reflect ultraviolet light.
- the light reflection variable part is an aspect that is preferably configured to be able to change the shape of the reflection spectrum.
- the change of the reflection spectrum may be performed in the middle reflection state.
- the change in the shape of the reflection spectrum means that the spectrum shapes of the light incident on the light reflection variable portion and the light reflected on the light reflection variable portion are different.
- the change of the reflection spectrum is effected by the change of the reflection wavelength.
- the shape of the reflection spectrum is changed by strongly reflecting only blue light, strongly reflecting only green light, or strongly reflecting only red light. As the reflection spectrum changes, the color of the light changes. Therefore, toning (color adjustment) can be performed, and optical characteristics can be improved.
- the light reflection variable part is an aspect that is preferably configured to be able to reflect light without changing the shape of the reflection spectrum. In that case, since there is no change in the spectrum between the incident light and the reflected light, the degree of reflection can be easily given strength. When it becomes possible to control the level of reflectivity, light adjustment (adjustment of brightness) can be performed, and optical characteristics can be improved.
- the optical variable layer 2 can be configured by a light reflection variable layer.
- the light reflection variable layer is disposed between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5. By applying a voltage between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5, the degree of light reflectivity in the light reflection variable layer changes.
- the light reflection variable part may be connected to an AC power supply.
- an alternating current power supply voltages can be alternately applied in both directions, and it is possible to apply a voltage substantially continuously by changing the direction of the voltage. Therefore, stable light reflectivity can be obtained by the AC power supply.
- the alternating current waveform may be a square wave. As a result, the amount of voltage to be applied is likely to be constant, which makes it possible to stabilize the light reflectivity.
- the alternating current may be a pulse.
- the middle reflection state can be formed by controlling the amount of voltage applied.
- a material of the light reflection variable layer a material whose molecular orientation is changed by electric field modulation can be used.
- nematic liquid crystals cholesteric liquid crystals, ferroelectric liquid crystals, electrochromic and the like can be mentioned.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal may be a nematic liquid crystal having a helical structure.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal may be a chiral nematic liquid crystal.
- Cholesteric liquid crystal is called CLC (Cholestric Liquid Crystal).
- CLC Chargestric Liquid Crystal
- electrochromic By changing the liquid crystal state with an electric field, it is possible to control between light reflectivity and light transparency.
- electrochromic it is possible to utilize the color change phenomenon of the substance by the electrochemical reversible reaction (electrolytic redox reaction) by voltage application, and it is possible to control between light reflectivity and light transparency.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal or an electrochromic can be preferably used as the material of the light reflection variable layer.
- the light reflection variable part is in a light reflection state when no voltage is applied, and it is an aspect preferably in a light transmission state when a voltage is applied.
- Such control can be achieved in cholesteric liquid crystals and electrochromics. This is because in liquid crystals, alignment can be made uniform by application of a voltage.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal and the electrochromic it is possible to form a thin and highly reflective light reflection variable part.
- a state in which only specific light is reflected without applying a voltage is referred to as planar alignment, and a state in which light is passed through application of a voltage may be referred to as focal conic alignment.
- the light reflection variable part may be in the light transmission state when no voltage is applied, and may be in the light reflection state when voltage is applied.
- the light reflection variable layer may maintain the light reflection state when a voltage is applied. Power efficiency is thereby increased.
- the property of maintaining the light reflection state is called hysteresis.
- the time during which the light reflection state is maintained is preferably longer, for example, one hour or more.
- the plurality of optical variable parts may include a light absorption variable part.
- the light absorption variable portion is configured to be capable of changing the degree of light absorption.
- the variable degree of light absorption may be the ability to adjust the high absorption state and the low absorption state. Alternatively, that the degree of light absorption can be changed may be adjustable between a state having light absorption and a state not having light absorption. When the degree of light absorption is adjustable, the optical state can be changed, and the optical switching device 100 with excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.
- the light absorption variable part may be formed in a layer.
- the high absorption state is a state in which light absorption is high. In the high absorption state, for example, light incident from one surface is not emitted to the other surface by absorption.
- the high absorption state may be a state in which an object present on one surface side can not be viewed from the other surface side.
- the high absorption state may be a state in which an object present on the other surface side can not be viewed from both sides.
- the high absorption state can be an opaque state.
- the light absorption variable part may be black. When the light absorption variable part exhibits light absorbability, the light absorption variable part functions as an absorption layer that absorbs light.
- the low absorption state is a state of low light absorption or no light absorption.
- the low absorption state is, for example, a state in which light incident from one surface is not absorbed but is maintained in the traveling direction and emitted to the other surface.
- the low absorption state may be a state in which the object can be clearly viewed when the object present on the other surface side is viewed from one surface side.
- the low absorption state may be a transparent state.
- the light absorption variable portion exhibits light absorption between a high absorption state with high light absorption, a low absorption state with low light absorption or no light absorption, and a high absorption state and a low absorption state. And may be configured to be capable of. By being able to exhibit light absorption between the high absorption state and the low absorption state, it is possible to impart moderate light absorption, so that the optical state can be changed at high variation, and optical The characteristics can be further improved.
- a state exhibiting light absorbency between the high absorption state and the low absorption state is referred to as a medium absorption state.
- the intermediate absorption state may have at least one absorption state between the high absorption state and the low absorption state.
- the medium absorption state is a preferable embodiment in which the medium absorption state has a plurality of states in which the degree of absorption becomes a plurality of stages between the high absorption state and the low absorption state. As a result, the optical properties can be further enhanced because the degree of absorbency is in a plurality of stages.
- the medium absorption state is a preferable embodiment that is configured to change continuously between the high absorption state and the low absorption state between the high absorption state and the low absorption state.
- the degree of absorption changes continuously, so that the optical state can be changed at high variation, and the optical characteristics can be further enhanced.
- an intermediate state can be created, and thus the optical characteristics are improved.
- the light absorption variable part may be configured to be able to maintain the medium absorption state.
- the light absorption variable part may absorb at least a part of visible light. Thereby, light emission can be made clear.
- the light absorption variable part may absorb all of visible light. Thereby, the light emission can be further clarified.
- the light absorption variable part may absorb infrared rays. When absorbing infrared rays, a heat shielding effect can be obtained.
- the light absorption variable part may absorb ultraviolet light. Thereby, deterioration of the optical switching device 100 can be suppressed. In addition, if ultraviolet rays can be absorbed, the penetration of ultraviolet rays into the room can be suppressed.
- the light absorption variable part preferably absorbs any one of visible light, ultraviolet light and infrared light, more preferably absorbs two of these, and still more preferably absorbs all of them.
- the light absorption variable part may be configured to be able to change the shape of the absorption spectrum.
- the change of absorption spectrum may be performed in a medium absorption state.
- the change in the shape of the absorption spectrum means that the spectral shapes of the light incident on the light absorption variable part and the light passing through the light absorption variable part are different.
- the change of absorption spectrum is made by the change of absorption wavelength. For example, the shape of the spectrum is changed by strongly absorbing only blue light, strongly absorbing only green light, or strongly absorbing only red light. As the absorption spectrum changes, the color of light passing through the optical switching device 100 changes. Therefore, toning (color adjustment) of transmitted light can be performed, and optical characteristics can be improved.
- the optical variable layer 2 may be configured of a light absorption variable layer.
- the light absorption variable layer is disposed between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5. By applying a voltage between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5, the degree of light absorption in the light absorption variable layer changes.
- the light absorption variable part may be connected to a DC power supply or an AC power supply, but is preferably connected to a DC power supply.
- the light absorption may change due to the flow of electricity in one direction. Therefore, stable light absorption can be obtained by the DC power supply.
- the medium absorption state can be formed by controlling the amount of voltage or current applied.
- a material of the light absorption variable layer a material whose light absorption changes by electric field modulation can be preferably used.
- a material of electric field modulation for example, tungsten oxide and the like can be mentioned.
- the light absorption variable part is in a light transmission state when no voltage is applied, and is a preferable aspect in that it is a light absorption state when a voltage is applied.
- the absorption may be changed by the application of a voltage.
- the liquid crystal it is possible to form a thin light absorbing variable portion with high absorbency.
- the light absorption variable part may be in a light absorption state when no voltage is applied and in a light transmission state when a voltage is applied.
- the light absorption variable layer may be such that a light absorption state when a voltage is applied is maintained. Power efficiency is thereby increased.
- the property of maintaining the light absorption state is called hysteresis.
- the time during which the light absorption state is maintained is preferably longer, for example, one hour or more.
- the first surface F1 is defined as the main surface
- the second surface F2 is defined as the back surface.
- the main surface is disposed in the direction in which light is desired to be obtained.
- the main surface first surface F1
- the back surface second surface F2
- Table 1 shows an example of the configuration of the plurality of optical variable parts.
- the configuration of the optical switching device 100 as the optical variable unit is indicated by “o”.
- the operation when each configuration is selected is shown.
- positioning of an optical variable part does not matter.
- the light reflection variable part is preferably arranged closer to the second surface F2 than the planar light emitting part and the light scattering variable part. In that case, since light can be extracted using reflection, the optical switching device 100 having excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.
- the light absorption variable part is one aspect preferably arranged closest to the second surface F2 among the plurality of optical variable parts. In that case, light entering from the second surface F2 can be absorbed. In addition, the contrast of light emitted from the first surface F1 can be enhanced.
- the plurality of optical variable portions are preferably arranged in the order of the light scattering variable portion, the planar light emitting portion, the light reflection variable portion, and the light absorption variable portion from the first surface F1 to the second surface F2.
- a suitable arrangement can be derived by removing a part of the above four cases.
- the plurality of optical variable portions include an organic electroluminescent element (planar light emitting portion) and a light scattering variable portion.
- planar light emitter having excellent optical properties can be obtained.
- a planar light emitter can be used as a lighting device.
- the plurality of optical variable units may have two or more light scattering variable units.
- the plurality of optical variable units may have two or more planar light emitting units.
- the plurality of optical variable units may have two or more light reflection variable units.
- the plurality of optical variable units may have two or more light absorption variable units. If there are two or more portions having the same function (scattering, light emitting, reflecting, absorbing), the function can be enhanced.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 bonds the adjacent optical variable bodies 1.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 fills the space between the adjacent optical variable bodies 1.
- the outline of the object on the other side tends to blur when looking from one side to the other side through them. So-called double reflection and multiple reflection may occur.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 since the optical adjustment layer 3 is disposed between the substrates 6, the difference in refractive index with the substrate 6 is adjusted, so the phenomenon of double reflection and multiple reflection is suppressed. Ru. This is because the optical adjustment layer 3 performs matching of the refractive index.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 when the optical adjustment layer 3 is present, interface reflection occurring on the surface of the substrate 6 is suppressed, so that optical loss is reduced and light transmission efficiency is improved. Furthermore, the optical adjustment layer 3 doubles as an adhesive. Therefore, adjacent substrates 6 can be firmly bonded. Furthermore, when the plurality of substrates 6 include glass, scattering of the glass can be suppressed even if the light switching device 100 is broken. Thereby, a safe device is obtained.
- the adhesion of the optical adjustment layer 3 to the substrate 6 is represented by AS.
- the adhesion of the optical variable layer 2 to the electrode 5 is AE.
- AS> AE Relationship is established.
- the adhesive force AS may be a bonding force between the optical adjustment layer 3 and the substrate 6.
- the adhesive force AS is exerted at the interface between the optical adjustment layer 3 and the substrate 6.
- the interface between the optical adjustment layer 3 and the substrate 6 is indicated by FS in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- the adhesive force AE may be a bonding force between the optical variable layer 2 and the electrode 5.
- the adhesive force AE is exerted at the interface between the optical variable layer 2 and the electrode 5.
- the interface between the optical variable layer 2 and the electrode 5 is indicated by FE in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- the adhesiveness between the substrates is improved. Therefore, even if a force acts in the peeling direction, the substrate 6 is less likely to be peeled, and a strong device is formed. Also, this relationship enhances thermal stability. The reason is presumed to be that the substrate 6 which is more likely to cause the problem of expansion and contraction due to heat than the optically variable layer 2 is firmly bonded. Furthermore, even if the optical switching device 100 is cracked, scattering is suppressed if the adhesive strength is high.
- the optical switching device 100 may be manufactured by exposing a part of the side end portion and exposing the electrode 5 after the plurality of optical variable bodies 1 are stacked, as described later. At this time, if the above-described adhesive strength relationship holds, peeling off between the substrate 6 and the substrate 6 is suppressed when removing a part of the side end, and the side end is removed. Can be done well. Therefore, the manufacture of the device is facilitated.
- the relationship of adhesion can be confirmed by a peeling test of the optical switching device 100.
- an adhesive tape is attached to each of the first surface F1 and the second surface F2, and they are pulled in a direction away from each other to observe a part to be separated (separated) inside the light switching device 100. Relationship is confirmed.
- AS> AE holds, the separation between the optically variable layer 2 and the electrode 5 occurs without the separation between the adjacent substrates 6, that is, between the adjacent optical variable bodies 1.
- adhesiveness may be confirmed by another test.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 is disposed between the adjacent substrates 6.
- one of the adjacent substrates 6 is a substrate 6X
- the other is a substrate 6Y.
- the substrate 6b is the substrate 6X
- the substrate 6c is the substrate 6Y.
- the difference between the refractive index of the optical adjustment layer 3 and the refractive index of the substrate 6X (substrate 6Y) is preferably 0.1 or less in absolute value, and more preferably 0.05 or less .
- the refractive index of the optical adjustment layer 3 may be the same as the refractive index of the substrate 6X (substrate 6Y).
- the refractive index means a refractive index in the visible light wavelength range.
- the visible light wavelength range is defined as a wavelength range of 450 to 700 nm. The light in this wavelength range greatly affects the transparency of the optical switching device 100 because it is visible to the human eye. Therefore, it is optically more advantageous to adjust the refractive index in this visible light wavelength range.
- the substrate 6X and the substrate 6Y are different materials, a difference in refractive index may occur between them.
- a difference in refractive index is likely to occur.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 has a refractive index between the refractive index of the substrate 6X disposed on one side of the optical adjustment layer 3 and the refractive index of the substrate 6Y disposed on the other side of the optical adjustment layer 3 Is a preferred embodiment. Thereby, the refractive index difference is further reduced and the optical characteristics are improved.
- the refractive index of the optical adjustment layer 3 when the refractive index of the optical adjustment layer 3 is between the refractive index of the substrate 6X and the refractive index of the substrate 6Y, the refractive index of the optical adjustment layer 3 changes stepwise in the thickness direction. desirable. By changing the refractive index stepwise, the refractive index difference is further reduced, and the optical characteristics are further improved. For example, when the refractive index of one substrate 6X is higher than the refractive index of the other substrate 6Y, the refractive index of the optical adjustment layer 3 gradually increases from the substrate 6Y having a low refractive index toward the substrate 6X having a high refractive index. May be higher. The change of the refractive index can be performed in the thickness direction.
- the change of the refractive index may be a step change or a smooth change (gradation).
- the stepwise change in refractive index can be obtained, for example, by forming the optical adjustment layer 3 with a plurality of layers and changing the refractive index of the plurality of layers.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 may have a multilayer structure.
- the gradation-like change is obtained, for example, by the refractive index of the single-layer optical adjustment layer 3 becoming higher in the thickness direction.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 may have the same anisotropy as the substrate having anisotropy. Thereby, the light transmission is enhanced, and the optical characteristics are further improved.
- the substrate 6 is made of a resin material (PET, PEN, etc.)
- the substrate 6 may have anisotropy.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 may have ultraviolet absorption. Thereby, the deterioration of the device due to the ultraviolet light can be suppressed.
- the light switching device 100 can be provided with ultraviolet light cutting properties. This aspect is particularly effective when at least one surface of the optical switching device 100 is exposed to the outside. It is because it can control the penetration of ultraviolet rays into the room.
- the number of optical variable members 1 is three or more, the effect of ultraviolet ray cutting is increased.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 preferably has a small light absorption. Thereby, the loss of light can be suppressed.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 can be formed of a resin composition.
- the resin may be a thermosetting resin or a photocurable resin.
- the resin composition may contain appropriate additives.
- the refractive index can be adjusted by the inclusion of low refractive index particles or high refractive index particles.
- ultraviolet ray absorbability is provided by containing of a ultraviolet absorber.
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- COP is preferable because of its low light absorption.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 may be a gel material. If there is adhesion and optical adjustability, the optical adjustment layer 3 can be a gel material. When the optical adjustment layer 3 is a gel material, impact resistance can be enhanced. In addition, contraction due to thermal stress can be alleviated.
- a step of bonding the plurality of optical variable bodies 1 through the optical adjustment layer 3 a step of forming the cut CL in the plurality of optical variable bodies 1, and a side end of the optical variable body 1 And removing 1x.
- the step of making the cut CL in the plurality of optical variable bodies 1, in the side ends of the plurality of optical variable bodies 1, from the substrate 6 disposed at one end in the thickness direction, disposed at the other end in the thickness direction It is the process of making the cut CL up to the optical variable layer 2 to be made.
- the step of removing the side end 1x of the optical variable body 1 is a step of removing the side end 1x of the optical variable body 1 along the cut CL and exposing the electrode 5.
- FIG. 4 shows the case where there are two optical variable bodies 1 (see FIG. 1), the case where there are three optical variable bodies 1 (see FIG. 2), four cases (see FIG. 3) and more
- FIG. 4 shows the case where there are two optical variable bodies 1 (see FIG. 1), the case where there are three optical variable bodies 1 (see FIG. 2), four cases (see FIG. 3) and more
- FIG. 4 shows the case where there are two optical variable bodies 1 (see FIG. 1), the case where there are three optical variable bodies 1 (see FIG. 2), four cases (see FIG. 3) and more
- FIG. 4 shows the case where there are two optical variable bodies 1 (see FIG. 1), the case where there are three optical variable bodies 1 (see FIG. 2), four cases (see FIG. 3) and more
- FIG. 4 shows the case where there are two optical variable bodies 1 (see FIG. 1), the case where there are three optical variable bodies 1 (see FIG. 2), four cases (see FIG. 3) and more
- FIG. 4 shows the case where there are two optical variable bodies 1
- optical variable body 1 is produced separately.
- the production of the optical variable 1 can be performed by an appropriate lamination process.
- a plurality of optical variable bodies 1 are bonded by the optical adjustment layer 3.
- the adhesion with the optical adjustment layer 3 can be performed, for example, by applying the material of the optical adjustment layer 3 having adhesiveness to the surface of the optical variable body 1 and overlapping the other optical variable body 1 on this surface. .
- the plurality of optical variable bodies 1 are attached to each other.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 is made of a curable material
- the optical adjustment layer 3 is formed by curing the material.
- cuts CL are made at the side ends of the plurality of optical variable bodies 1.
- the cut CL is formed by, for example, a cutting tool such as a cutter or a laser.
- the cut CL is formed from the substrate 6 disposed at one end in the thickness direction to the optically variable layer 2 disposed at the other end in the thickness direction.
- the cut CL is formed from the substrate 6 ⁇ to the optical variable layer 2 ⁇ .
- the cut CL is formed from the substrate 6 ⁇ to the optical variable layer 2 ⁇ .
- the cut CL may be formed halfway to the thickness direction.
- the cut CL may be appropriately formed.
- FIG. 4C a cut CL from the substrate 6 ⁇ to the optically variable layer 2 ⁇ and a cut CL from the substrate 6 ⁇ to the optically variable layer 2 ⁇ are formed.
- the side edge part 1x of the 1 or several optical variable body 1 which exists outside the cut CL is removed. Then, since the cut CL is stopped halfway in the thickness direction, the portion from the substrate 6 to the optically variable layer 2 is removed, and a part of the electrode 5 is exposed. Thereby, the electrode 5 comes to have the exposed surface 5s.
- the exposed surface 5s of the electrode 5 is disposed at the side end of the optical switching device 100.
- the adhesion AS between the optical adjustment layer 3 and the substrate 6 is larger than the adhesion AE between the optical variable layer 2 and the electrode 5. Therefore, when the side end 1x is removed, the side end 1x to be removed can be integrally removed without separation between the substrate 6 and the substrate 6.
- the adhesion at interfaces FS1 and FS2 shown in FIG. 4C is greater than the adhesion at interfaces FE1 and FE2.
- the interface FE1 and the interface FE2 are the interface between the electrode 5 remote from the substrate 6 and the optical variable layer 2 in the optical variable portion provided on the opposite surface of the substrate 6 in contact with the optical adjustment layer 3 Can.
- the interface FE1 and the interface FE2 may be referred to as an interface between the electrode 5 in contact with the substrate 6 facing the substrate 6 in contact with the optical adjustment layer 3 and the optical variable layer 2 in contact with the electrode 5.
- connection wiring 4 is connected to the exposed surface 5 s of the electrode 5.
- the connection wiring 4 may have an appropriate structure that can be connected to a power supply.
- the connection wiring 4 may be composed of a wire, a laminate of conductive materials, or the like.
- the exposed surface 5 s may be covered by the connection wiring 4.
- the optical switching device 100 is manufactured.
- a frame material surrounding the outer periphery of the optical switching device 100 may be attached.
- a transparent cover that covers the optical switching device 100 in a plane may be attached to one side or both sides.
- the optical adjustment layer 3 may be provided at any position between the adjacent substrates 6.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of the function of the optical switching device 100.
- the plurality of optical variable parts are schematically illustrated. Arrows indicate the progression of light.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which a light scattering variable portion 1S, a planar light emitting portion 1P, a light reflection variable portion 1R, and a light absorption variable portion 1Q are disposed as a plurality of optical variable portions from the first surface F1 side. There is.
- the optical switching device 100 of FIG. 5 is configured to mainly extract the light of the planar light emitting unit 1P from the first surface F1.
- the functioning optical variable part is indicated by oblique lines. Being functional means that light scattering is exhibited in the light scattering variable portion 1S, light is emitted in the planar light emitting portion 1P, and light reflectivity is exhibited in the light reflection variable portion 1R.
- the light absorption variable part 1Q means a state where light absorption is exhibited. If an optical variable does not function, then that optical variable may be transparent. In order to simplify the description, the light scattering property, the light reflectivity, and the light absorbing property do not indicate intermediate states, but an intermediate state may be present.
- a to Q in FIG. 5 are different in the state of the function of the optical variable unit, and are different from one another as the optical switching device 100.
- the optical switching device 100 may be able to exert all of the states A to Q in FIG. 5 or may be able to exert some of these states.
- the optical switching device 100 can switch the optical state.
- the optical switching device 100 when at least one of the plurality of optical variable units is functional, it is difficult for light entering the optical switching device 100 from the outside to pass through as it is, so the optical switching device 100 may be opaque.
- the light scattering property of the light scattering variable portion 1S when exhibited as shown in A of FIG. 5, the light is scattered, so the light remains as it is between the first surface F1 and the second surface F2. I can not go through.
- the light reflectivity of the light reflection variable portion 1R is exhibited as shown in C of FIG. 5, the light is reflected, so the light remains as it is between the first surface F1 and the second surface F2. I can not go through.
- the optical switching device 100 can be changed from the transparent state such as Q in FIG. 5 to various opaque states shown by A to P in FIG. 5, so that the optical characteristics are improved.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which four types of different optical variable parts are combined
- the function of the optical switching device 100 can be understood from this example also in the case of three optical variable parts and in the case of two optical variable parts. Also, when the arrangement (order) of the optical variable parts is changed, the function of the optical switching device 100 can be understood based on FIG.
- the optical switching device 100 can be used as a window.
- a window that produces an optically different state may be defined as an active window.
- a window in which the pattern changes between opaque and transparent is useful.
- the windows can be used for both the inner and outer windows.
- an on-board window as the window.
- the on-vehicle window may be a window for an automatic vehicle, a vehicle such as a train, a locomotive, a train, an airplane, or a ship.
- windows that can change transparency and opacity are suitable for luxury cars.
- the optical switching device 100 can be used as a building material. As building materials, it can be used for wall materials, partitions, signage and the like. Signage may be a so-called lighting advertisement.
- the wall material may be for the outer wall or for the inner wall.
- the optical switching device 100 can be used as a lighting device when it has a planar light emitting unit. In the optical switching device 100, illumination with an optical state change may be obtained.
- FIG. 6 is an application example of the optical switching device 100.
- a building material 200 is shown.
- the building material 200 shown in FIG. 6 is a window.
- the building material 200 includes the optical switching device 100.
- the building material 200 has a frame 101, a wire 102, and a plug 103.
- the building material 200 is a so-called electrified building material.
- the frame 101 encloses the outer periphery of the optical switching device 100.
- the wire 102 is electrically connected to the optical switching device 100.
- the plug 103 can be connected to an external power supply.
- the optical state of the optical switching device 100 may change.
- a plurality of states such as a transparent state, a semitransparent (ground glass state), a mirror state, and a light emitting state, change. Therefore, the building material 200 is excellent in optical characteristics.
- an optical switching device As mentioned above, although an optical switching device, its manufacturing method, construction materials, etc. were explained based on an embodiment, an optical switching device etc. of this indication are not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment.
- the present invention can be realized by arbitrarily combining the components and functions in the embodiment without departing from the scope of the present disclosure or the embodiments obtained by applying various modifications that those skilled in the art would think on the above embodiment. Forms are also included in the present disclosure.
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Abstract
Description
AS > AE
の関係が、成り立っている。
2 光学可変層
3 光学調整層
4 接続配線
5 電極
6 基板
CL 切れ目
1x 側端部
5s 露出面
Claims (6)
- 面状であり、電力により光学的状態の程度が変化可能である複数の光学可変体と、
前記複数の光学可変体の間に配置される光学調整層と、を備え、
前記光学可変体は、一対の基板と、前記一対の基板の間に配置される一対の電極と、前記一対の電極の間に配置され、光学的状態の程度が変化可能な光学可変層と、を備え、
前記光学調整層は、前記複数の光学可変体を厚み方向で面状に接着し、隣り合う前記光学可変体の前記基板の間の屈折率を可視光波長域において調整し、
前記電極は、電力を供給するための露出面を有しており、
前記光学調整層の前記基板に対する接着力は、前記光学可変層の前記電極に対する接着力よりも大きい、光スイッチングデバイス。 - 前記光学調整層は、当該光学調整層の一方に配置される前記基板の屈折率と、当該光学調整層の他方に配置される前記基板の屈折率との間の屈折率を有する、請求項1に記載の光スイッチングデバイス。
- 前記光学調整層は、厚み方向に屈折率が段階的に変化する、請求項2に記載の光スイッチングデバイス。
- 前記光学調整層は、紫外線吸収性を有する、請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の光スイッチングデバイス。
- 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の光スイッチングデバイスと、配線と、を備えた建材。
- 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の光スイッチングデバイスを製造する方法であって、
前記複数の光学可変体を前記光学調整層を介して接着する工程と、
前記複数の光学可変体の側端部において、厚み方向の一方の端部に配置される前記基板から、厚み方向の他方の端部に配置される前記光学可変層まで、切れ目を入れる工程と、
前記切れ目に沿って、前記光学可変体の側端部を除去し、前記電極を露出させる工程と、を含む、光スイッチングデバイスの製造方法。
Priority Applications (3)
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US15/317,260 US20170101819A1 (en) | 2014-07-11 | 2015-06-24 | Optical switching device, method of manufacturing the same, and building material |
JP2016532417A JP6351001B2 (ja) | 2014-07-11 | 2015-06-24 | 光スイッチングデバイスの製造方法 |
DE112015003215.0T DE112015003215T5 (de) | 2014-07-11 | 2015-06-24 | Optische Schaltvorrichtung, Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben und Baumaterial |
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US (1) | US20170101819A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6351001B2 (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2016006180A1 (ja) |
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DE102017212657B4 (de) | 2017-05-24 | 2021-09-30 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Fensterscheibeneinrichtung für ein Fenster eines Kraftfahrzeugs sowie Verfahren und Kraftfahrzeug |
EP3855242B1 (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2023-10-11 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Light modulation sheet, and method of manufacturing light modulation sheet |
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2015
- 2015-06-24 JP JP2016532417A patent/JP6351001B2/ja active Active
- 2015-06-24 WO PCT/JP2015/003152 patent/WO2016006180A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-06-24 DE DE112015003215.0T patent/DE112015003215T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-06-24 US US15/317,260 patent/US20170101819A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP2003029240A (ja) * | 2001-07-16 | 2003-01-29 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 画像表示装置およびその駆動方法並びにその選択表示方法 |
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JP2008197224A (ja) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-08-28 | Nippon Zeon Co Ltd | 光学素子、偏光板、位相差板、照明装置、および液晶表示装置 |
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JPWO2016006180A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
JP6351001B2 (ja) | 2018-07-04 |
DE112015003215T5 (de) | 2017-04-20 |
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