Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
  • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
  • D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
  • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
  • D04H3/12—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method of producing a planar formation contaning at least one fiber and/or linear formation which is not processable by standard textile technologies.
• the invention also relates to a planar formation containing at least one fiber and/or linear formation which is not processable by standard textile technologies and a spatial formation containing at least one fiber and/or linear formation which is not processable by standard textile technologies.
• Beside fragile fibers known are numerous fibers or linear formations having low abrasion resistance. These include, among others, a linear textile formation described in CZ PV 2009-797 or a linear textile formation described in the analogical EP 2504471 , which contains a linear fibrous core on which a coat formed by a layer of nanofibers is arranged. Due to their low abrasion resistance, these fibers cannot be processed by conventional textile technologies either, since when being guided through the guidance elements of the existing textile machines they would be excessively abraded, which would at least lead to tearing off the layer of nanofibers (or another functional layer), and, as a result, that would result in loss of the unique properties of these fibers/linear formations or even to their ruptures.
• Linear formations which are not processabie by standard textile technologies also include some hollow fibers or hoses by which using these technologies would cause their deformation, especially undesired deformation, of their inner space, which might even be completely closed, whereby these fibers/linear formations would lose their advantageous characteristics, such as the ability to transport a liquid, etc.
• the group of linear formations which are not processabie by standard textile technologies also includes linear formations made of nanofibers - e.g. neps or linear fragments of an originally planar layer of nanofibers or strips of nanofibers.
• the goal of the invention is to propose a method of producing a planar formation which would contain at least one fiber and/or linear formation which is not processabie by standard textile technologies or which would be made entirely of such fibers and/or linear formations.
• the goal of the invention is also a planar formation produced by using this method and a spatial formation created from this planar formation.
• the goal of the invention is achieved by a method of producing a planar formation containing at least one fiber and/or linear formation which is not processable by standard textile technologies, whose principle consists in that at first a longitudinal or transverse basic array of fibers and/or linear formations containing at least one fiber and/or linear formation which is not processable by standard textile technologies is prepared, and on at least one side of this basic array of fibers and/or linear formations is applied at least one linear formation of a melt adhesive in a molten state, which partiality covers at least two adjacent fibers and/or linear formations and the free space between them, and/or is on at least one side of this basic array applied a group of planar formations of a melt adhesive in a molten state which partially cover at least two adjacent fibers and/or linear formations and the free spaces between them. After the adhesive stiffens, a planar formation containing at least one fiber and/or linear formation which is not processable by standard textile technologies is formed.
• At least a part of the longitudinal or transverse basic array of fibers and/or linear formations can be formed by non-parallel and/or parallel guidance of sections of one fiber and/or linear formation which is not processable by standard textile technologies.
• the longitudinal or transverse basic array of fibers and/or linear formations either moves or remains static.
• Suitable types of fibers which are not processable by standard textile technologies are particularly fibers selected from the group containig carbon fibers, glass fibers, mineral fibers, optical fibers, shape-memory fibers or combinations thereof.
• Suitable types of linear formations which are not processable by standard textile technologies are especially linear formations selected from the group containig linear formations containing at least one carbon fiber, linear formations containing at least one glass fiber, linear formations containig at least one mineral fiber, linear formations containig at least one optical fiber, linear formations containig at least one shape-memory fiber, linear formations with a functional coat composed of a layer of nanofibers, tubes, sleeves, hoses, neps of a layer of nanofibers, linear fragments of a layer of nanofibers, strips of nanofibers or combinations thereof.
• the longitudinal or transverse basic array of fibers and/or linear formations can be arranged on a supporting layer, to which it is subsequently attached by means of the melt adhesive.
• planar formation containing at least one fiber and/or linear formation which is not processable by standard textile technologies whose principle consists in that it contains a longitudinal or transverse basic array of fibers and/or linear formations which contains at least one fiber and/or linear formation which is not processable by standard textile technologies, whereby the fibers and/or linear formations of the longitudinal and/or transverse basic array of fibers and/or linear formations are at least on one surface of the planar formation interconnected by at least one linear formation of the adhesive and/or by a group of planar formations of the adhesive which at least partially covers/cover at least two adjacent fibers and/or linear formations and the free spaces between them.
• a suitable type of fiber is selected from the group containing carbon fiber, glass fiber, mineral fiber, optical fiber, shape-memory fiber, or combinations thereof
• a suitable type of a linear formation is a linear formation selected from the group containing linear formation containing at least one carbon fiber, a linear formation containing at least one glass fiber, a linear formation containing at least one mineral fiber, a linear formation containing at least one optical fiber, a linear formation containing at least one shape-memory fiber, a linear formation with a functional coat composed of a layer of nanofibers, as well as a tube, a sleeve, a hose, a nep of a layer of nanofibers, a strip of nanofibers, or combinations thereof.
• the longitudinal or transverse basic array of fibers and/or linear formations is arranged on a supporting layer made of a material selected from the group containig a layer of paper, cardboard, metal or plastic film, a metal or plastic grid or a mesh, etc.
• the goal of the invention is also achieved by a spatial formation which contains at least one fiber and/or linear formation which is not processable by standard textile technologies, created by spatial shaping of the planar formation according to the invention.
• Fig. 1 schematically represents a variant of the planar formation according to the present invention with fibers and/or linear formations which are not processable by standard textile technologies arranged in parallel manner
• Fig. 2 shows another alternative of this planar formation
• Fig. 3 shows a variant of the planar formation according to the invention with fibers and/or linear formation which are not processable by standard textile technologies arranged in non-parallel manner
• Fig. 4 there is an alternative of the planar formation according to the invention with fibers and/or linear formations which are not processable by standard textile technologies arranged in a regular grid.
• the principle of the method of producing a planar formation which contains at least one fiber and/or linear formation which is not processable by standard textile technologies according to the present invention consists in that this fiber and/or linear formation of one or more types, or in combination with other fibers and/or linear formations (including the fibers or linear formations processable by standard textile technologies), are arranged next to one another in predetermined intervals (regular or irregular - according to the requirements) in a preselected manner and having a predetermined mutual orientation (e.g.
• neps or linear fragments of different textiles including layers of nanofibers and, in general, also any groups of substantially identically oriented fibers of the same or different type, for example, in the form of a bundle, tow, etc., which are interconnected or loosely arranged.
• the molten adhesive is applied in such a manner that the formation 2 being created is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of most of the fibers/linear formations 10 of the basic array 1 , although, in general, it can be applied under any angle in relation to them. According to the characteristics of the used fibers/linear formations 10 the molten adhesive then penetrates at least into a part of their inner structure and/or enwraps at least a part of their transverse cross-section, whereupon after stiffening it fixes them in their predetermined arrangement.
• the formation/formations 2 of the adhesive due to its/their mechanical properties constitutes/constitute a firm, resistant and at the same time flexible connection and reinforcement system, which maintains the required shape of the planar formation being created as well as the distribution of its fibers and/or linear formations 10, and at the same time protects this planar formation at least from the side to which it is applied from mechanical damage, especially from abrasion, without impeding access to the fibers and/or linear formations 10 and taking advantage of their unique properties. Given that in this process in principle the used fibers and/or linear formations 10 have no mechanical loading, no undesirable change of their mutual position or their mechanical damage or deformation occurs.
• At least one formation 2 of the adhesive is preferably arranged across the whole dimension of the basic array i of fibers and/or linear formations 10 (see the upper part of Fig. 1), although sufficient interconnection of all the fibers and/or linear formations 10 can be achieved also by a group of formations 2,of adhesive each of which is only arranged across a part of its dimension (see the lower part of Fig. 1). Also, various formations 2 of adhesive can be combined according to particular requirements (see, for example, Fig. 1 and Fig. 4), e.g. for the purpose of achieving the same or, on the contrary, different levels of firmness in different sections of the planar formation being formed.
• the planar formation containing at least one fragile fiber and/or linear formation 10 and/or at least one fiber and/or linear formation 10 with low abrasion resistance it is advantageous if individual components of its basic array 1. are wound on unillustrated warp beams, or arranged in a container, from which they are taken as needed, and by its guiding means they are led into the required mutual position - the basic array 1 of fibers and/or linear formations 10, or if all the fibers/linear formations 10 or at least some of the fibers/linear formations 10 are wound on one common roller.
• the basic array 1 of fibers and/or linear formations 10 is preferably arranged on an underlay made of a material to which the adhesion of the adhesive applied is as low as possible, such as polytetraf!uorethylene (teflon) or another material with such surface, such as silicone paper, etc.
• this underlay is either static and the basic array 1 of fibers and/or linear formations 10 is moving in relation to it, or it is moving along with it, being, for example, in the form of a roller or endless band, or the underlay even carries the basic array 1.
• the applying device of the molten adhesive (one or more) is either static or movable at least in one direction of the planar formation being formed. The molten adhesive is applied either during one of the movement periods of the basic array 1 of fibers and/or linear formations 10 and/or during an interval of the movement interruption.
• these fibers and/or linear formations 10 are deposited in a regular, irregular or partially regular grid (see Fig. 4), and are fixed in this arrangement by applying a formation/formations 2 of molten adhesive.
• these formations 2 may be planar, covering only the points of two or more fibers and/or linear formations 10 crossing one another, thus forming a dotted grid (see the upper and lower parts in Fig. 4), and/or at least some of them may be linear, being guided at least along a part of one dimension of the basic array of fibers and/or linear formations 10 (see, e.g., figures 1 to 4).
• the adhesive applied stiffens either spontaneously or in a controlled manner, e.g. the process is accelerated by cooling in a cooling chamber and/or by a cooling medium, e.g. by a stream of cooling gas (air), etc.
• the formations 2 of the adhesive or various adhesives are applied to both sides of the basic array 1 either in a mirror arrangement, wherein the two sides cover each other, or on each side in a different planar arrangement.
• planar formation made according to any of the above-described methods has a number of applications varying according to the type of fibers and/or linear formations 10 or their combinations which have been used, whereby the formations 2 of the adhesive also lend its further processing into more complex structures by means of spatial shaping.
• the melt adhesive which is before and/or during and/or after the spatial forming melted or partially melted.
• fibers and/or linear formations 10 it is possible to use and, if necessary, to combine fibers and/or linear formations which are not processable by standard textile technologies, especially carbon fibers, glass fibers, mineral (e.g. basalt) fibers, optical fibers, memory-shaped fibers/linear formations (e.g.
• nitinol linear formations with a functional coat (e.g. formed by nanofibers according to CZ PV 2009-797 or CZ PV 20 3-694), or other fragile fibers and/or linear formations 10 and/or fibers and/or linear formations 10 with low abrasion resistance which are not processable by conventional textile technologies.
• other textile or non-textile fibers can be incorporated in the planar formation being formed, regardless the fact whether they are processable by conventional textile technologies or not, or possibly textile or non-textile linear formations 10, such as strips or neps of common textiles (knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, non-woven textiles, layers of nanofibers), linear formations from non- textile materials (e.g.
• the method of connecting enables to combine even fibers 10 and/or linear formations 10 with considerably different diameters.
• planar formation thus created can be further combined with another similar planar formation, or with at least one layer of any material, such as textiles (knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, non-woven textiles), paper, cardboard, metal or plastic film, a metal or plastic grid or a mesh, etc., whereby these can be interconnected by formations 2 of a melt adhesive applied to this planar formation, or by already stiffened formations 2 of the melt adhesive, which are for this purpose melted or partially melted again.
• textiles knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, non-woven textiles
• paper cardboard
• metal or plastic film a metal or plastic grid or a mesh, etc.
• planar formations containing at least one fiber and/or linear formation 10 which is not processable by standard textile technologies made by the method according to the present invention.
• the whole process is carried out analogically, the only differences that may occur are related to the type, amount and temperature of the adhesive/adhesives applied, and the properties of the resulting product.
• a basic (longitudinal) array 1 of fibers and/or linear formations 10 was formed by parallel arrangement of glass fibers 10 (specifically multifilament EC011 T220) with a diameter of 0,4 mm regularly spaced with intervals of 10 mm.
• Linear formations 2 of a molten adhesive based on amorphous polyolefin (specifically SWIFTTHERM 9054) having a temperature of 200 °C, each having a specific weight of 2,5 g/m, were applied perpendicular to the fibers 10 of the basic array 1 across its entire width, regularly spaced with intervals of 25 mm.
• planar formation thus created can be utilized, for example, in the construction industry for strengthening and as masonry wall reinforcement or as reinforcement of the layer of material applied on walls (e.g. plaster) or also as a non-flammable insulating material, etc.
• a second basic (longitudinal) array 1 of fibers and/or linear formations 10 composed of identical glass fibers 10 oriented in the same direction, spaced with the same regular intervals as the fibers 10 of this planar formation.
• this basic array 1 across its entire width were applied with the same spacing as in Example 1 linear formations 2 of the same molten adhesive with a temperature of 190 °C (this temperature was selected so as to limit the melting of the linear formations 2 of the adhesive of the first basic array i of fibers and/or linear formations 10), each having a specific weight of 2,5 g/m.
• the fibers 10 of the second basic array 1 were fixed in the preset arrangement, and at the same time both planar formations were connected.
• the distance between the fibers of the basic arrays 1 of these planar formations was determined primarily by the thickness of the linear formations 2 of the adhesive of the first planar formation, and in the particular example it was approximately 3 mm.
• the layered planar formation thus created can be used, for example, in the construction industry for strengthening and as masonry wall reinforcement, or as reinforcement of the layer of material applied on walls (e.g. plaster) or also as a non-flammable insulating material.
• Another option is inserting one or more layers thereof into the existing composite materials used in engineering, aviation engineering and other fields where sandwich layered textile formations are used, etc.
• the basic (longitudinal) array 1. of fibers and/or linear formations 10 was formed by parallel arrangement of basalt fibers 10 having a fineness of 3x 10 tex (twisted multifilament having a diameter of 0,6 mm) regularly spaced with intervals of 2 mm and of fibers 10 of polyamide 6 (PA 6) with a fineness of 50 tex (multifilament having a diameter of 0,25 mm), regularly spaced with intervals of 20 mm and arranged along with corresponding basalt fibers 10.
• basalt fibers 10 having a fineness of 3x 10 tex (twisted multifilament having a diameter of 0,6 mm) regularly spaced with intervals of 2 mm and of fibers 10 of polyamide 6 (PA 6) with a fineness of 50 tex (multifilament having a diameter of 0,25 mm), regularly spaced with intervals of 20 mm and arranged along with corresponding basalt fibers 10.
• Linear formations 2 of a molten adhesive based on amorphous polyolefin (specifically SWIFTTHERM 9054) having a temperature of 165 °C, each having a specific weight of 1,5 g/m, were applied perpendicular to the fibers 10 of the basic array i across its entire width, with intervals of 12 mm.
• the fibers 10 of the basic array 1. were fixed in the preset arrangement, creating the required planar formation.
• the fibers 10 of polyamide 6 are used as reinforcements of this planar formation.
• planar formation thus created can be exploited, for example, in the construction industry for strengthening and as masonry wall reinforcement or reinforcement of the layer of material applied on walls (e.g. plaster) or also as a non-flammable insulating material.
• Another option is inserting one or more layers thereof into the existing composite materials used in engineering, aviation engineering and other spheres where sandwich layered textile formations are used.
• the basic (longitudinal) array 1 of fibers and/or linear formations 10 with a total width of 500 mm was formed by parallel arrangement of carbon fibers 10 having a fineness of 170 tex (a multifilament with a diameter of 0,5 mm) regularly spaced with intervals of 2 mm.
• Linear formations 2 of a molten adhesive based on amorphous polyolefin (specifically SWIFTTHER 9054) having a temperature of 65 °C, each having a specific weight of ,5 g/m, were applied perpendicular to the fibers 10 of the basic array ⁇ across its entire width, at intervals of 20 mm.
• planar formation thus created can be used, for example, as one or more layers of the existing composite materials which are used in engineering, aviation enginering and other fields where sandwich layered textile formations are used.
• the basic (longitudinal) array ⁇ of fibers and/or linear formations 10 with a total width of 500 mm was formed by parallel arrangement of optical fibers 10 having a diameter of 0,5 mm (monofilament fiber) regularly spaced with intervals of 1 mm.
• EVA ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
• planar formation thus obtained can be used, for example, as a layer for transferring light of composite sandwich structure materials intended for engineering, interior applications, e.g. in the automobile industry, housing and advertising applications (optionally also in combination with a motif on a fabric), etc.
• Another sphere of application includes clothing and technical textiles for the production of active safety layers/elements, etc.
• the basic (longitudinal) array 1 of fibers and/or linear formations 10 with a width of 350 mm was formed by parallel arrangement of hollow fibers 10 having a diameter of 0,5 mm (monofilament fiber), regularly with intervals of 1 mm.
• EVA ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
• planar formation thus obtained can be utilized, for example, as a layer for transportation of liquids, or as an insulation layer in composite sandwich structure materials for engineering, building industry, agriculture, etc.
• Example 7
• the basic (longitudinal) array 1 of fibers and/or linear formations with a width of 300 mm was formed by parallel arrangement of trios of polyester (PL) tows 176 f 36x x3 fitted with a coat consisting of a layer of po!yurethane (PU) nanofibers according to CZ PV 2009-797, regularly spaced with intervals of 6 mm, and by fibers of polyamide 6 (PA 6) having a diameter of 0,45 mm, arranged with intervals of 18 mm and positioned in respective gaps between the trios of polyester tows.
• PL polyester
• PA 6 polyamide 6
• the planar formation thus created was along its width divided into strips (bands) having a width of 30 mm and length of 300 mm, which was determined by the width of the initial planar formation.
• the division was always made in a gap 20 between the linear formations 2 of the melt adhesive arranged at a distance of 5 mm from each other, so that the edges of the formed strips (bands) consisted of these linear formations 2.
• the prepared strips (bands) are afterwards twisted along the length into rollers, their shape was fixed by melting partially the ends of the linear formations 2 of the melt adhesive and by being attached to the linear formations 2 of the melt adhesive in the preceding layer.
• the spatial formation thus obtained or formed by another process of spatial forming can be used, for example, as a carrier of biomass for cleaning sewage water, when it is advantageous to make use of the affinity of the biomass towards the surface of the nanofibers of the tows contained in the open structure of the formation.
• the shape of this formation is secured in two axes by twisting tightly the linear formations 2 of the melt adhesive and in the third axis parallel with the axis of this formation by polyamide fiber reinforcements.
• the longitudinal or transverse basic array 1 of fibers and/or linear formations 1 is before the application of the melt adhesive deposited on a supporting layer, e.g. layer of a textile (knitted textile, woven fabric, non-woven textile), paper, cardboard, a metal or plastic film, a metal or plastic grid or a mesh, etc., to which it is connected after the applied adhesive stiffens, this supporting layer becoming a part of the created planar formation.
• a supporting layer e.g. layer of a textile (knitted textile, woven fabric, non-woven textile), paper, cardboard, a metal or plastic film, a metal or plastic grid or a mesh, etc.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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• 2014
  • 2014-07-11 CZ CZ2014-483A patent/CZ2014483A3/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2015
  • 2015-07-09 WO PCT/CZ2015/000073 patent/WO2016004909A1/en active Application Filing

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