WO2016000605A1 - 一种自动曝光方法及装置 - Google Patents
一种自动曝光方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016000605A1 WO2016000605A1 PCT/CN2015/082872 CN2015082872W WO2016000605A1 WO 2016000605 A1 WO2016000605 A1 WO 2016000605A1 CN 2015082872 W CN2015082872 W CN 2015082872W WO 2016000605 A1 WO2016000605 A1 WO 2016000605A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
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- the invention belongs to the technical field of automatic exposure, and in particular relates to an automatic exposure method and device applied to an endoscope.
- Auto exposure is an exposure technique commonly used in devices such as digital cameras and endoscopes. Auto exposure means that the device automatically adjusts the exposure parameters according to the brightness of the current image so that the image brightness can reach the desired brightness.
- High-end image sensors currently used in endoscopes typically capture a larger number of images. However, since the general display only supports lower-digit image display, the image acquired by the high-end image sensor must be processed by dynamic range compression before being output to the display. Since the input image provided to the display by the automatic exposure technology is a dynamically compressed image, the bit width of the high-end image sensor cannot be rationally utilized.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for automatically utilizing the bit width resource of an image sensor for automatic exposure, thereby effectively expanding the range of adaptation to external light source illumination during exposure. .
- an automatic exposure method includes:
- Image acquisition step setting initial target brightness and multiple exposure parameters, and acquiring images under initial multiple exposure parameters
- Brightness measuring step measuring the current brightness of the captured image
- An exposure estimating step adjusting an initial exposure parameter used in the image capturing process to obtain an estimated image brightness that matches the initial target brightness when the current brightness does not match the initial target brightness; wherein Adjusting at least one of the initial plurality of exposure parameters, and said If the estimated image brightness still does not match the initial target brightness, the target brightness is reset, and the plurality of exposure parameters used in the exposure process are secondarily adjusted according to the reset target brightness until the predicted image The brightness matches the reset target brightness;
- Exposure correction step Reacquire the image using the adjusted multiple exposure parameters.
- an automatic exposure apparatus includes an image acquisition unit, a brightness measurement unit, an exposure estimation unit, and an exposure correction unit.
- the image acquisition unit is configured to acquire an image under a plurality of exposure parameters that are initially set;
- the brightness measurement unit is configured to measure a current brightness of the acquired image;
- the exposure estimation unit is configured to set an initial target brightness, and is used for the current brightness and
- the initial exposure parameter used in the image acquisition process is adjusted to obtain an estimated image brightness that matches the initial target brightness;
- the exposure correction unit is used to use the adjusted multiple exposures
- the parameters are reacquired.
- the exposure estimation unit determines the estimated image brightness, if at least one of the initial plurality of exposure parameters is adjusted, and the estimated image brightness still does not match the initial target brightness, the exposure The estimating unit is further configured to reset the target brightness, and perform second adjustment on the plurality of exposure parameters used in the exposure process according to the reset target brightness until the predicted image brightness matches the reset target brightness.
- the exposure estimation process of the present invention involves resetting the target brightness, that is, the gear position resource of the image sensor is reasonably utilized in the exposure estimation, so that the illumination range of the external light source can be more effectively adapted. Improve the adaptability and operability of automatic exposure.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an automatic exposure method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an exposure estimating step in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an exemplary block diagram of an automatic exposure apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the image sensor used in the exposure operation can usually collect images with a large number of digits, while the general display can only display images with lower digits; there is a significant difference in bit width between the captured image and the displayed image.
- the image is captured for compression to match the display requirements of the display unit.
- the image sensor can collect a multi-bit image as the image sensor has a plurality of gear positions M (M is a positive integer and satisfies M ⁇ 8); likewise, the display shows that the lower-digit image also corresponds to a specific file. Bit N; where M>N.
- the M gear positions of the image sensor can be divided into M-N+1 files, that is, from the highest-order use of the entire M-bit of the acquired image to the lowest use of the lowest N-bit of the acquired image.
- the M gear positions of the image sensor may also be divided into M-S files, where N-1 ⁇ S ⁇ M-1.
- Each gear has an ideal brightness (or target brightness) corresponding to it, and each gear has an independent compression method to compress the captured image to N bits.
- the invention provides an automatic exposure method and device for rationally utilizing the bit width resource of an image sensor.
- the present invention can introduce the gear position adjustment during the automatic exposure process, that is, adjust the target brightness/ideal brightness corresponding to the gear position during the exposure process, thereby selecting all the M bits according to the external illumination.
- the conventional automatic exposure involves the adjustment of the exposure parameter according to the difference between the actual brightness and the target brightness.
- the technical means for introducing the adjustment of the target brightness in the exposure estimation can avoid the image quality caused by adjusting only the exposure parameters in the prior art.
- the problems of falling, operating time, and low response sensitivity can also improve the rational use of bit-width resources.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an automatic exposure method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which specifically includes an image acquisition step 1, a brightness measurement step 2, an exposure estimation step 3, and an exposure correction step 4.
- the method can realize an image acquisition-image metering-brightness correction-re-exposure operation, thereby finally obtaining a captured image having a desired brightness.
- the target brightness of the image to be acquired is first set, and the initial values of the plurality of exposure parameters required to complete the exposure are set.
- the exposure parameters referred to herein may include image quality related parameters and light quantity related parameters; further, the image quality related parameters may include image gains, such as digital gains or analog gains, which may include exposure time and aperture size.
- the initial values of the plurality of exposure parameters described above are: minimum exposure time, minimum aperture, and minimum image gain.
- the light quantity related parameters such as exposure time and aperture size have a certain upper limit value in actual use, and the specific value is determined by specific requirements. For example, when applied to a general camera and applied to an endoscope, there is an upper limit of the exposure time of a different image sensor.
- the brightness measurement step 2 is for measuring the current brightness of the acquired image.
- Specific metering methods include peak metering and average metering. Peak metering generally divides the entire captured image into blocks, and then looks for the brightest block in each block as the current brightness of the captured image. The average metering generally divides the entire image collected into several blocks and assigns different weights to different blocks, thereby improving the metering result. As shown in formula 1
- W(i,j) is the weight corresponding to each block
- Y is the brightness of each block
- the weight of different positions can be adjusted to obtain different metering effects.
- the present invention is not limited to a specific photometric method, and any method in the prior art that can realize luminance detection can be applied to the present invention.
- the exposure estimation step 3 is a step performed in the case where the current luminance does not match the target luminance set in step 1. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that if the current brightness of the acquired image has been matched to the target brightness, there is no need to perform exposure estimation and correction, but instead proceed directly to the subsequent image processing program.
- Exposure estimation typically involves adjusting the multiple exposure parameters used and estimating the brightness of the image that can be obtained using the adjusted exposure parameters.
- the exposure estimation of the present invention further involves resetting the target brightness. Specifically, when at least one of the plurality of exposure parameters has been adjusted, in particular adjusted to the upper limit of the corresponding exposure parameter, while the estimated image brightness still does not match the target brightness, then the image sensor is adjusted as described above. The gear position to reset the target brightness of the image. Subsequently, the plurality of exposure parameters are secondarily adjusted according to the reset target brightness; this is repeated until the desired estimated image brightness is obtained.
- the exposure estimation of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with FIG.
- the automatic exposure method of the present invention may further comprise an image compression step 5, which uses and images
- the image compression method corresponding to the gear position of the sensor performs compression processing on the image acquired in the exposure correction step 4, thereby obtaining an image to be displayed conforming to the display format.
- the invention transmits the adjusted plurality of exposure parameters to the image sensor for re-image acquisition, and transmits the image sensor's gear position to the image compression component for performing the corresponding Image compression processing.
- each gear has a compression method corresponding thereto
- the compression method applicable to the present invention can be flexibly selected; for example, each gear can be fixedly selected by a certain compression method, and the compression method corresponding thereto can be selected according to the specific gear position.
- the invention is not limited thereto.
- the invention can reasonably utilize the plurality of gear positions of the image sensor, so that the adjustment of the exposure parameter is more flexible, and the external illumination can be significantly improved. adaptability.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an exposure estimation step in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Sub-step 301 in the case where the current brightness does not match the initial target brightness, the exposure estimation is initiated.
- matching is understood to mean that the current brightness meets the brightness range value defined by the target brightness, or that the difference between the current brightness and the target brightness does not exceed the difference range specified by the exposure.
- the initial target brightness corresponds to the high-order position M of the image sensor.
- the gear position is fixed first, and the image quality-related parameter is fixed to the optimal value, and the light quantity related parameter among the plurality of exposure parameters is firstly determined.
- the adjustable light amount related parameter is the exposure time, at which time the exposure time is adjusted.
- the adjustable light quantity related parameters include an exposure time and an aperture size, and at this time, at least one of the two may be adjusted; preferably, the aperture size is adjusted first and then the exposure time is adjusted. Under certain lighting conditions, the brightness of the image is proportional to the exposure time and inversely proportional to the f-number of the aperture.
- this sub-step it is determined how to adjust the exposure time and/or the aperture size based on the relationship between the current brightness and the initial target brightness. For example, but not limited to, increasing the exposure time, reducing the f-number, and the like.
- the significance of adjusting only the light quantity related parameters in this substep is that the image noise caused by adjusting the image quality related parameters is avoided as much as possible before the desired image brightness is achieved, and the quality of the image acquired in the subsequent exposure correction is improved as much as possible.
- Sub-step 303 determining whether the light quantity related parameter has been adjusted to its limit value, for example, whether the increased exposure time reaches its upper limit value when the current brightness is too small, and whether the aperture f number has been adjusted to the allowable minimum value. Whether or not the limit value is reached, the estimated map at this time is determined in sub-steps 304a and 304b. Whether the image brightness matches the initial target brightness, and the exposure estimation is stopped under the matching judgment result, and subsequent image processing is performed.
- Sub-step 304a (to reach the limit value), if it still does not match, proceeds to the next sub-step 305; in sub-step 304b (not reached the limit value), if it still does not match, then returns to the execution sub-step 302, and continues to adjust the corresponding Light quantity related parameters.
- Sub-step 305 adjusting the gear position of the image sensor to reset the target brightness of the exposure process. Since the initial target brightness corresponds to the highest gear, this sub-step typically lowers the image sensor by at least one gear to take advantage of the low-level information of the original image. As described above, there is usually a bit difference of M-N between the acquired image and the displayed image, and appropriately lowering the gear position to utilize the low bit information does not cause a serious influence on the displayed image. Downshifting the image sensor of the M position is equivalent to changing an M-bit image sensor to M bit, M-1 bit, M-2 bit... until the n-bit image sensor is used.
- Sub-step 306 determines whether the reset target brightness has been adjusted to its lower limit value. Whether or not the lower limit value is reached, the exposure estimation is re-executed based on the reset target brightness in sub-steps 307a and 307b, and the plurality of exposure parameters, particularly the light amount-related parameters, are secondarily adjusted.
- secondary adjustment here means: firstly, after resetting the target brightness, it is first determined whether the current brightness of the image matches the reset target brightness, and the adjusted light quantity exposure parameter is restored to its initial value without matching; Then, according to the relationship between the exposure parameter of each light quantity and the brightness of the image, the image brightness is re-adjusted based on the reset target brightness, so that the estimated image brightness matches the reset target brightness. That is, under the reset target brightness, the operation of the light quantity related parameters in steps 302-304 is performed again.
- Sub-step 308a/b determining whether the predicted image brightness at this time matches the reset target brightness, and stopping the exposure estimation under the matching determination result, and performing subsequent correlation processing. Sub-step 308a (to reach the lower limit), if it still does not match, proceeds to the next sub-step 309; in sub-step 308b (not reached the limit value), if it still does not match, then returns to the execution sub-step 305; in other words, through Continue to reduce the image sensor's gear position for exposure estimation.
- Sub-step 309 The light quantity related parameter is set to a limit value that makes the image brightness close to the target brightness, and the image quality related parameter is adjusted; at this time, the target brightness is the lower limit value of the allowable target brightness.
- Image quality related parameters such as, but not limited to, image gain. Under certain illumination conditions, the image gain is proportional to the exposure time; based on the correlation, the adjustment method of the estimated image brightness is determined.
- the exposure estimation steps reflected in Figure 2 are related to the light quantity related parameters, the image quality related parameters, and the target brightness.
- the following adjustment order is defined between the three: the light quantity related parameter precedes the target brightness, and the target brightness precedes the image quality related parameter.
- This exposure estimation method is advantageous for obtaining high quality images as much as possible. However, it is also possible to first adjust the image quality related parameters, then adjust the target brightness, and finally adjust the light amount related parameters; or adjust all the exposure parameters before resetting the target brightness, and so on.
- the specific exposure estimate is determined by the purpose that automatic exposure is most needed to achieve, and the present invention is not limited to the exposure estimation process described in detail herein.
- the following is an automatic exposure method for increasing the brightness of an image used in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
- the multiple exposure parameters involved in the automatic exposure method include exposure time, aperture size, and image gain.
- the aperture is adjusted to increase the amount of light entering, and when the brightness reaches the ideal brightness, the gear position and the exposure parameter at this time are determined, and the subsequent image processing is entered;
- step 6 compares the current brightness of the image with the target brightness of the M-1 bit, and returns to step 3 if the two do not match;
- the automatic exposure apparatus includes an image acquisition unit 11, a brightness measurement unit 12, an exposure estimation unit 13, and an exposure correction unit 14; in another alternative embodiment, the automatic exposure apparatus may further include an image compression unit 15.
- the image acquisition unit 11 is for acquiring an image under a plurality of exposure parameters that are initially set.
- the brightness measuring unit 12 is for measuring the current brightness of the acquired image.
- the exposure estimating unit 13 is configured to set an initial target brightness, and is used to adjust an initial exposure parameter used in the image capturing process when the current brightness does not match the initial target brightness to obtain an estimate that matches the initial target brightness. Image brightness.
- the exposure correcting unit 14 is configured to reacquire the image using the adjusted plurality of exposure parameters, thereby obtaining a captured image whose actual brightness matches the target brightness.
- the image compression unit 15 is configured to perform compression processing on the image acquired by the exposure correction unit; acquire the gear position of the image sensor corresponding to the target brightness set by the exposure estimation unit, and then acquire the image acquired by the exposure correction unit based on the image compression method corresponding to the gear position A compression process is performed to obtain a compressed image to be displayed. As described above, the compression processing can also be performed by a unified compression method.
- the exposure estimation unit 13 determines the estimated image brightness, if at least one of the initial plurality of exposure parameters is adjusted, and the estimated image brightness still does not match the initial target brightness, the exposure estimating unit 13
- the target brightness can be reset, and the multiple exposure parameters used in the exposure process are secondarily adjusted according to the reset target brightness until the estimated image brightness matches the reset target brightness.
- the secondary adjustment described herein includes first determining whether the current brightness of the image initially acquired by the image acquisition unit 11 matches the reset target brightness; if so, performing subsequent correlation processing, for example, transferring the gear position to the image compression unit 15 Etc.
- the parameter adjustment is performed again based on the reset target brightness.
- the secondary adjustment here is not an absolute limit on the number of adjustments.
- resetting the target brightness and re-adjusting based on it is a cyclic process until the current brightness matches or is reset to the target brightness.
- the image brightness matches the reset target brightness.
- the plurality of exposure parameters involved include image quality related parameters and light quantity related parameters.
- the exposure estimating unit 13 adjusts the initial light amount related parameter when the current brightness does not match the initial target brightness.
- the target brightness is reset, and the light quantity related parameter is secondarily adjusted according to the reset target brightness until The estimated image brightness matches the reset target brightness.
- the exposure estimating unit 13 may also correlate the initial image quality. The parameters are adjusted until the estimated image brightness matches the reset target brightness.
- the present invention describes the original image acquisition and exposure correction before and after the exposure estimation as two separate operation steps and/or processing units, the description is only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention, and is not necessarily limited.
- Raw image acquisition and exposure correction are done in two separate processing units.
- original image acquisition and exposure correction are more accomplished by the same image acquisition device.
- the execution units of the original image acquisition and exposure correction are identical or separate and should be included in the scope of the present invention.
- the automatic exposure of the present invention can reasonably utilize the gear position resources of the image sensor, thereby being more effective in adapting to the illumination range of the external light source, and improving the adaptability and operability of the automatic exposure. .
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Abstract
一种自动曝光方法及装置。该方法包括图像采集步骤：设置初始的目标亮度和多个曝光参数，并在初始的多个曝光参数下采集图像；亮度测量步骤：测量采集的图像的当前亮度；曝光估计步骤：在当前亮度与初始目标亮度不匹配时，对图像采集过程中使用的初始曝光参数进行调节，以得到与初始目标亮度相匹配的预估图像亮度；其中，在对初始的多个曝光参数的至少一个进行调节、且预估图像亮度与初始目标亮度仍不匹配的情况下，重新设置目标亮度，并依据重设的目标亮度对曝光过程中使用的多个曝光参数进行二次调节，直至预估图像亮度与所述重设的目标亮度相匹配；以及曝光校正步骤：使用调节后的多个曝光参数重新采集图像。
Description
本发明属于自动曝光技术领域，尤其涉及一种应用于内镜的自动曝光方法及装置。
自动曝光是数码相机和内镜等设备中惯常使用的曝光技术。自动曝光即指设备根据当前图像的亮度自动调整曝光参数，使得图像亮度能够达到理想亮度。目前内镜中使用的高端图像传感器通常可以采集较多位数的图像。但由于一般显示器只支持较低位数的图像显示，因此高端图像传感器采集后的图像要先经过动态范围压缩等处理才能输出给显示器成像。由于自动曝光技术提供给显示器的输入图像都是动态压缩后的图像，无法对高端图像传感器的位宽进行合理利用。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的以上技术问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种可合理利用图像传感器的位宽资源进行自动曝光的方法及装置，从而能够有效扩大曝光过程中对外界光源照度的适应范围。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供一种自动曝光方法。该方法包括：
图像采集步骤：设置初始的目标亮度和多个曝光参数，并在初始的多个曝光参数下采集图像；
亮度测量步骤：测量采集的图像的当前亮度；
曝光估计步骤：在所述当前亮度与所述初始目标亮度不匹配时，对图像采集过程中使用的初始曝光参数进行调节，以得到与所述初始目标亮度相匹配的预估图像亮度；其中，在对初始的多个曝光参数的至少一个进行调节、且所述
预估图像亮度与所述初始目标亮度仍不匹配的情况下，重新设置目标亮度，并依据重设的目标亮度对曝光过程中使用的多个曝光参数进行二次调节，直至所述预估图像亮度与所述重设的目标亮度相匹配；以及
曝光校正步骤：使用调节后的多个曝光参数重新采集图像。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种自动曝光装置。其包括图像采集单元、亮度测量单元、曝光估计单元和曝光校正单元。图像采集单元用于在初始设置的多个曝光参数下采集图像；亮度测量单元用于测量采集的图像的当前亮度；曝光估计单元用于设置初始的目标亮度，且用于在所述当前亮度与所述初始目标亮度不匹配时，对图像采集过程中使用的初始曝光参数进行调节，以得到与所述初始目标亮度相匹配的预估图像亮度；曝光校正单元用于使用调节后的多个曝光参数重新采集图像。其中，所述曝光估计单元在确定预估图像亮度时，若对初始的多个曝光参数的至少一个进行调节、且所述预估图像亮度与所述初始目标亮度仍不匹配时，所述曝光估计单元还用于重新设置目标亮度，并依据重设的目标亮度对曝光过程中使用的多个曝光参数进行二次调节，直至所述预估图像亮度与所述重设的目标亮度相匹配。
实施本发明可以获得以下有益效果：本发明的曝光估计过程涉及对目标亮度的重新设置，也即在曝光估计时合理利用了图像传感器的档位资源，从而能够更有效地适应外界的光源照度范围，提高自动曝光的适应性和可操作性。
图1是根据本发明一实施例的自动曝光方法的流程图；
图2是根据本发明一实施例的曝光估计步骤的流程图；
图3是根据本发明一实施例的自动曝光装置的示例性框图。
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
曝光操作中使用的图像传感器通常可以采集较多位数的图像，而一般的显示器通常只能显示较低位数的图像；在采集图像与显示图像之间则存在明显的位宽差，需对采集图像进行压缩处理才能匹配显示单元的显示要求。本发明中将图像传感器可采集多位图像的性质规定为图像传感器具有多个档位M(M为正整数且满足M≥8)；同样，显示器显示较低位数图像也对应某一特定档位N；其中M>N。图像传感器的M个档位可划分为M-N+1档，即从最高档使用采集图像的全M位开始、到最低使用采集图像的最低N位。在替代实施例中，图像传感器的M个档位也可划分为M-S档，其中N-1≤S≤M-1。每个档位具有与其对应的理想亮度(或目标亮度)，且每个档位有独立的压缩方法将采集图像压缩到N位。
本发明提出了一种可合理利用图像传感器的位宽资源的自动曝光方法及装置。基于以上说明，为实现位宽资源的利用，本发明在自动曝光过程中可引入档位调节，即在曝光过程调节与档位对应的目标亮度/理想亮度，从而根据外界照度选择使用全部M位图像或较低的n(1≤n＜M，或尤其N≤n＜M)位图像。传统的自动曝光涉及根据实际亮度与目标亮度的差异进行的曝光参数调节，本发明在曝光估计中引入目标亮度的调节这一技术手段，可以避免现有技术中仅调节曝光参数而导致的图像质量下降、操作时间过程、响应灵敏度低等的问题，同时也可提高对位宽资源的合理利用。以下进一步结合附图对本发明予以详细说明。
参考图1，图1是根据本发明实施例的自动曝光方法的流程图，该方法具体包括图像采集步骤1、亮度测量步骤2、曝光估计步骤3和曝光校正步骤4。该方法可实现图像采集-图像测光-亮度校正-重新曝光的操作，从而最终得到具有所需亮度的采集图像。
图像采集步骤1中首先设定待采集图像的目标亮度，同时设置完成曝光所需的多个曝光参数的初始值。本文所提及的曝光参数可包括图像质量相关参数和光量相关参数；进一步地，图像质量相关参数可包括图像增益，如数字增益或模拟增益，光量相关参数可包括曝光时间和光圈大小。通常情况下，上述多个曝光参数的初始值为：最小曝光时间、最小光圈和最小图像增益。本领域技
术人员应该明白，曝光时间、光圈大小这类的光量相关参数在实际使用中具有一定的上限值，具体数值由具体需求决定。例如应用于普通照相机和应用于内窥镜时则具有不同的图像传感器的曝光时间上限。现有技术中关于如何采集图像已有很详细的公开，在此不再重复叙述。
亮度测量步骤2用于测量所采集图像的当前亮度。具体测光方式包括峰值测光和平均测光。峰值测光一般将采集的整幅图像分成若干个区块，然后寻找各个区块中亮度最高的块作为采集图像的当前亮度。平均测光一般将采集的整幅图像分成若干个区块，并对不同的区块赋予不同权重，从而提高测光结果。如公式1所示
式中W(i,j)为每个区块对应的权重，Y表示每个区块的亮度，调整不同位置的权重可以得到不同的测光效果。本发明并不受限于具体的测光方法，现有技术中任何可实现亮度检测的方法均可应用于本发明。
曝光估计步骤3是在当前亮度与步骤1中设置的目标亮度不匹配的情况下执行的步骤。本领域技术人员应该明白，若采集图像的当前亮度已与目标亮度相符，则无需再进行曝光估计和校正，而是直接进入后续的图像处理程序。
曝光估计通常涉及对使用的多个曝光参数进行调节，并预估使用调节后的曝光参数可获得的图像亮度。当预估图像亮度与步骤1中初始设定的目标亮度相匹配时，曝光估计结束，并可由此确定曝光校正步骤4中将使用的曝光参数。本发明的曝光估计进一步涉及对目标亮度的重新设定。具体地，当已对多个曝光参数的至少一个进行过调节、尤其已调节至对应曝光参数的上限，而此时预估图像亮度与目标亮度仍然不匹配时，则如上所述调节图像传感器的档位，从而对图像的目标亮度进行重新设置。随后，再根据重设的目标亮度对多个曝光参数进行二次调节；如此重复直到获得所需的预估图像亮度。关于本发明的曝光估计，后续将结合图2进一步说明。
本发明的自动曝光方法还可进一步包括图像压缩步骤5，其使用与图像传
感器的档位相对应的图像压缩方法，对曝光校正步骤4中采集的图像进行压缩处理，从而得到符合显示器格式的待显示图像。本发明在完成曝光估计后，一方面将调节后的多个曝光参数传递给图像传感器以进行再次的图像采集，另一方面则将图像传感器的档位传递给图像压缩元件，用以执行相应的图像压缩处理。虽然各档位有与其对应的压缩方法，但适用于本文的压缩方法可灵活选择；例如，各档位可固定选择某一压缩方法，也可根据具体档位选择与其对应的压缩方法。本发明并不受限于此。
通过上述自动曝光方法，尤其通过重设目标亮度来实现曝光估计的方法，本发明可合理利用图像传感器的多个档位，使得对曝光参数的调节更为灵活，也可显著提高对外界照度的适应能力。
图2是根据本发明实施例的曝光估计步骤的流程图。
子步骤301，在当前亮度与初始的目标亮度不匹配的情况下，启动曝光估计。本文所使用的“相匹配”可理解为当前亮度符合目标亮度所限定的亮度范围值，或者理解为当前亮度与目标亮度的差值未超出曝光所规定的差值范围。
子步骤302，初始目标亮度对应的为图像传感器的高档位M，此时先固定该档位不变，同时将图像质量相关参数固定为最优值，先对多个曝光参数中的光量相关参数进行调节。在某一实施例中，可调的光量相关参数为曝光时间，此时则调节曝光时长。在某一实施例中，可调的光量相关参数包括曝光时间和光圈大小，此时则可对两者的至少一个进行调节；优选先调节光圈大小再调节曝光时间。在一定的光照条件下，图像亮度与曝光时间为正比例关系，与光圈的f数成反比例关系。该子步骤中根据当前亮度与初始目标亮度的关系，确定如何调节曝光时间和/或光圈大小。例如但不限于，增大曝光时间，降低f数等等。该子步骤中仅调节光量相关参数的意义在于，在实现所需的图像亮度前，尽量避免由于调节图像质量相关参数导致的图像噪声，尽可能提高后续曝光校正中采集的图像的质量。
子步骤303，判断光量相关参数是否已调节至其极限值，例如在当前亮度过小时，增大的曝光时间是否达到其上限值，光圈f数是否已调节到可允许的最小值。无论是否达到极限值，均在子步骤304a和304b中判断此时的预估图
像亮度是否与初始目标亮度相匹配，且在相匹配的判断结果下停止曝光估计，进行后续图像处理。子步骤304a(达到极限值)中，若仍不匹配，则进入下一子步骤305；子步骤304b(未达到极限值)中，若仍不匹配，则返回执行子步骤302，继续调节相应的光量相关参数。
子步骤305，对图像传感器的档位进行调节，从而重新设置曝光过程的目标亮度。鉴于初始的目标亮度对应最高档位，该子步骤通常是将图像传感器降低至少一档以利用原始图像的低位信息。如上所述，采集图像与显示图像之间通常有M-N的位宽差，适当降低档位来利用低位信息并不会导致对显示图像的严重影响。对M档位的图像传感器进行降档位处理，相当于将一个M位的图像传感器变为M位、M-1位、M-2位......直至n位图像传感器使用。
子步骤306，判断重设的目标亮度是否已调节至其下限值。无论是否达到其下限值，均在子步骤307a和307b中基于重设的目标亮度重新进行曝光估计，对多个曝光参数、尤其光量相关参数进行二次调节。这里的“二次调节”含义指：重设目标亮度后首先判断图像的当前亮度与重设的目标亮度是否相匹配，在不匹配的情况下将已调节的光量曝光参数恢复到其初始值；然后再根据各个光量曝光参数与图像亮度的关系，以重设的目标亮度为基础重新调节，以使得预估图像亮度与重设的目标亮度相匹配。也即在重设的目标亮度下，重新进行步骤302-304中对光量相关参数的操作。
子步骤308a/b：判断此时的预估图像亮度是否与重设的目标亮度相匹配，且在相匹配的判断结果下停止曝光估计，进行后续相关处理。子步骤308a(达到下限值)中，若仍不匹配，则进入下一子步骤309；子步骤308b(未达到极限值)中，若仍不匹配，则返回执行子步骤305；换言之，通过不断降低图像传感器的档位进行曝光估计。
子步骤309：将光量相关参数设定为使图像亮度接近于目标亮度的极限值，对图像质量相关参数进行调节；此时目标亮度为可允许的目标亮度的下限值。图像质量相关参数例如但不限于图像增益。在一定的光照条件下，图像增益与曝光时间为正比例关系；基于该相关关系确定预估图像亮度的调节方式。
图2反映的曝光估计步骤在光量相关参数、图像质量相关参数和目标亮度
三者之间限定了如下的调节顺序：光量相关参数先于目标亮度，目标亮度先于图像质量相关参数。该曝光估计方法有利于尽可能的获取高质量图像。但也可以先调节图像质量相关参数、再调节目标亮度、最后调节光量相关参数；或者在重设目标亮度前已对所有的曝光参数进行了调节等等。具体的曝光估计由自动曝光最需要实现的目的决定，本发明并不受限于此处详细描述的曝光估计过程。
如下是本发明的一具体实施例中所采用的调大图像亮度的自动曝光方法。该自动曝光方法涉及的多个曝光参数包括曝光时间、光圈大小和图像增益。
①设备光圈可调；
②优先使用图像传感器的最高档位M位，使用光圈的最小进光量，使用最小增益及最小曝光时间；
③当图像的当前亮度达不到该档位的目标亮度时，调节光圈以增大进光量，当亮度达到理想亮度时，确定此时的档位和曝光参数，进入后续图像处理；
④当光圈进光量达到最大时，预估图像亮度仍不能达到目标亮度，则调节曝光时间，使曝光时间增长，以增加亮度；当亮度达到理想亮度时，确定此时的档位和曝光参数，进入后续图像处理；
⑤当调节曝光时间达到上限，仍不足以让预估图像亮度达到M档位的目标亮度时，则降低一档，档位变成M-1位；
⑥将图像的当前亮度与M-1位的目标亮度进行比较，在两者不匹配的情况下返回执行步骤③；
⑦当调节光圈大小和曝光时间达到极限，仍不足以让预估图像亮度达到M-1位的目标亮度时，则降低一档，档位变成M-2位；
⑧以此类推，不断选择低一档位的目标亮度进行计算，直到降到可允许的最低档位N(即待显示图像的位数)；
⑨当使用最低档位N位配合最长曝光时间和最大光圈进光量仍无法与当前档位的目标亮度相匹配时，则固定该曝光时间为最高曝光时间，调节增益以增大图像亮度，使其达到目标亮度；确定此时的档位和曝光参数，进入后续相关处理。
图3是根据本发明一实施例的自动曝光装置的示例性框图。该自动曝光装置包括图像采集单元11、亮度测量单元12、曝光估计单元13和曝光校正单元14；在另一替代性实施例中，自动曝光装置可进一步包括图像压缩单元15。图像采集单元11用于在初始设置的多个曝光参数下采集图像。亮度测量单元12用于测量采集的图像的当前亮度。曝光估计单元13用于设置初始的目标亮度，且用于在当前亮度与初始目标亮度不匹配时，对图像采集过程中使用的初始曝光参数进行调节，以得到与初始目标亮度相匹配的预估图像亮度。曝光校正单元14用于使用调节后的多个曝光参数重新采集图像，从而得到实际亮度与目标亮度相符的采集图像。图像压缩单元15用于对曝光校正单元采集的图像进行压缩处理；其获取曝光估计单元设置的目标亮度对应的图像传感器的档位，然后基于档位对应的图像压缩方法对曝光校正单元采集的图像进行压缩处理，以得到压缩后的待显示图像。如上所述，也可采用统一的压缩方法进行压缩处理。
在具体实施例中，曝光估计单元13在确定预估图像亮度时，若对初始的多个曝光参数的至少一个进行调节、且预估图像亮度与初始目标亮度仍不匹配时，曝光估计单元13可重新设置目标亮度，并依据重设的目标亮度对曝光过程中使用的多个曝光参数进行二次调节，直至预估图像亮度与重设的目标亮度相匹配。这里所描述的二次调节包括：首先判断图像采集单元11初始采集的图像的当前亮度是否与重设的目标亮度相匹配；若是，则进行后续相关处理，例如将档位传递给图像压缩单元15等；若否，则将多个曝光参数中已调节的参数恢复到其初始值，再基于曝光参数与图像亮度的关系，以重设的目标亮度为基础，重新进行参数调节。这里的二次调节并不是对调节数量的绝对限制，在实际操作中，重设目标亮度和以其为基础的再次调节是一个循环过程，直到当前亮度与重设的目标亮度相匹配或预估图像亮度与重设的目标亮度相匹配为止。
在另一具体实施例中，涉及的多个曝光参数包括图像质量相关参数和光量相关参数。曝光估计单元13在当前亮度与初始目标亮度不匹配时，对初始的光量相关参数进行调节。在光量相关参数已达到其极限值，而此时预估图像亮度与初始目标亮度仍不匹配的情况下，重新设置目标亮度，并依据重设的目标亮度对光量相关参数进行二次调节，直至预估图像亮度与重设的目标亮度相匹配。
进一步地，在光量相关参数和重设的目标亮度已分别达到其极限值，且预估图像亮度与重设的目标亮度仍不匹配的情况下，曝光估计单元13还可对初始的图像质量相关参数进行调节，直至预估图像亮度与重设的目标亮度相匹配。以上已对涉及到上述曝光参数的曝光估计做了详细描述，在此不再重复描述。
另外，本发明虽然将曝光估计前后的原始图像采集和曝光校正描述为两个单独的操作步骤和/或处理单元，但此描述仅是为了便于更清楚地对本发明予以说明，并不是限定必须将原始图像采集和曝光校正在两个分立的处理单元中完成。实际的照相机、内窥镜等成像设备中，原始图像采集和曝光校正更多地是通过同样的图像采集器件完成。换言之，只要采用了本发明的曝光估计操作，无论原始图像采集和曝光校正的执行单元是同一的或分立的，均应包括在本发明的保护范围内。
通过上述曝光估计过程涉及的目标亮度的重新设置，本发明的自动曝光可合理利用图像传感器的档位资源，从而能够更有效地适应外界的光源照度范围，提高自动曝光的适应性和可操作性。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
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- 一种自动曝光方法，其特征在于，包括：图像采集步骤：设置初始的目标亮度和多个曝光参数，并在初始的多个曝光参数下采集图像；亮度测量步骤：测量采集的图像的当前亮度；曝光估计步骤：在所述当前亮度与所述初始目标亮度不匹配时，对图像采集过程中使用的初始曝光参数进行调节，以得到与所述初始目标亮度相匹配的预估图像亮度；其中，在对初始的多个曝光参数的至少一个进行调节、且所述预估图像亮度与所述初始目标亮度仍不匹配的情况下，重新设置目标亮度，并依据重设的目标亮度对曝光过程中使用的多个曝光参数进行二次调节，直至所述预估图像亮度与所述重设的目标亮度相匹配；以及曝光校正步骤：使用调节后的多个曝光参数重新采集图像。
- 根据权利要求1所述的自动曝光方法，其特征在于，所述多个曝光参数包括图像质量相关参数和光量相关参数；在所述曝光估计步骤中：在所述当前亮度与所述初始目标亮度不匹配时，对初始的光量相关参数进行调节；在所述光量相关参数达到其极限值、且所述预估图像亮度与所述初始目标亮度仍不匹配的情况下，重新设置目标亮度，并依据重设的目标亮度对光量相关参数进行二次调节，直至所述预估图像亮度与所述重设的目标亮度相匹配。
- 根据权利要求2所述的自动曝光方法，其特征在于，所述曝光估计步骤还包括：在所述光量相关参数达到其极限值、所述重设的目标亮度达到其极限值、且所述预估图像亮度与所述重设的目标亮度仍不匹配的情况下，对初始的图像质量相关参数进行调节，直至所述预估图像亮度与所述重设的目标亮度相匹配。
- 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的自动曝光方法，其特征在于，所述多个曝光参数包括曝光时长和图像增益；在所述曝光估计步骤中，曝光时长、图像增益和目标亮度的调节顺序满足： 曝光时长先于目标亮度，目标亮度先于图像增益。
- 根据权利要求4所述的自动曝光方法，其特征在于，所述曝光估计步骤包括：在所述当前亮度与所述初始目标亮度不匹配时，增大曝光时长；在将所述曝光时长调节为曝光时长上限、且所述预估图像亮度与所述初始目标亮度仍不匹配的情况下，重新设置目标亮度并进行二次调节；在将所述曝光时长调节为曝光时长上限、将所述目标亮度重新设置为目标亮度下限、且所述预估图像亮度与所述初始目标亮度仍不匹配的情况下，调节图像增益以增大图像亮度。
- 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的自动曝光方法，其特征在于，所述多个曝光参数包括光圈大小、曝光时长和图像增益；在所述曝光估计步骤中，光圈大小、曝光时长、图像增益和目标亮度的调节顺序满足：光圈大小先于曝光时长，曝光时长先于目标亮度，目标亮度先于图像增益；或者，曝光时长先于光圈大小，光圈大小先于目标亮度，目标亮度先于图像增益。
- 根据权利要求6所述的自动曝光方法，其特征在于，所述曝光估计步骤包括：在所述当前亮度与所述初始目标亮度不匹配时，增大曝光时长和/或增大光圈大小；在将所述曝光时长和光圈大小分别调节为曝光时长上限和光圈大小上限、且所述预估图像亮度与所述初始目标亮度仍不匹配的情况下，重新设置目标亮度并进行二次调节；在将所述曝光时长和光圈大小分别调节为曝光时长上限和光圈大小上限、将所述目标亮度重新设置为目标亮度下限、且所述预估图像亮度与所述初始目标亮度仍不匹配的情况下，调节图像增益以增大图像亮度。
- 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的自动曝光方法，其特征在于，所述二次调节包括：在所述当前亮度与所述重设的目标亮度不匹配时，将已调节的至少一个曝 光参数恢复其初始值；以及基于多个曝光参数的初始值和重设的目标亮度重新进行曝光估计。
- 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的自动曝光方法，其特征在于，所述目标亮度与曝光过程中使用的图像传感器的档位相对应；所述重新设置目标亮度指在所述图像传感器当前的档位的基础上，将所述档位降低至少一档。
- 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的自动曝光方法，其特征在于，在所述曝光校正步骤之后，所述方法还包括图像压缩步骤，其包括：获取所述曝光估计步骤中设置的目标亮度对应的图像传感器的档位；获取与所述档位对应的图像压缩方法，并基于所述图像压缩方法对曝光校正步骤中采集的图像进行压缩处理，得到压缩后的待显示图像。
- 根据权利要求10所述的自动曝光方法，其特征在于，所述图像传感器的档位分为M档，所述待显示图像为N档，其中M>N；在重新设置目标亮度时，所述目标亮度对应的档位满足大于等于N且小于M。
- 一种自动曝光装置，包括：图像采集单元，用于在初始设置的多个曝光参数下采集图像；亮度测量单元，用于测量采集的图像的当前亮度；曝光估计单元，用于设置初始的目标亮度，且用于在所述当前亮度与所述初始目标亮度不匹配时，对图像采集过程中使用的初始曝光参数进行调节，以得到与所述初始目标亮度相匹配的预估图像亮度；曝光校正单元，用于使用调节后的多个曝光参数重新采集图像；其特征在于，所述曝光估计单元在确定预估图像亮度时，若对初始的多个曝光参数的至少一个进行调节、且所述预估图像亮度与所述初始目标亮度仍不匹配时，所述曝光估计单元还用于重新设置目标亮度，并依据重设的目标亮度对曝光过程中使用的多个曝光参数进行二次调节，直至所述预估图像亮度与所述重设的目标亮度相匹配。
- 根据权利要求12所述的自动曝光装置，其特征在于，还包括用于对曝光校正单元采集的图像进行压缩处理的图像压缩单元；所述图像压缩单元用于获取所述曝光估计单元设置的目标亮度对应的图像传感器的档位，用于获取与 所述档位对应的图像压缩方法，并用于基于所述图像压缩方法对曝光校正单元采集的图像进行压缩处理，以得到压缩后的待显示图像。
- 根据权利要求13所述的自动曝光装置，其特征在于，所述图像传感器的档位分为M档，所述待显示图像为N档，其中M>N；在重新设置目标亮度时，所述目标亮度对应的档位满足大于等于N且小于M。
- 根据权利要求12-14中任一项所述的自动曝光装置，其特征在于，所述多个曝光参数包括图像质量相关参数和光量相关参数；所述曝光估计单元用于：在所述当前亮度与所述初始目标亮度不匹配时，对初始的光量相关参数进行调节；在所述光量相关参数达到其极限值、且所述预估图像亮度与所述初始目标亮度仍不匹配的情况下，重新设置目标亮度，并依据重设的目标亮度对光量相关参数进行二次调节，直至所述预估图像亮度与所述重设的目标亮度相匹配。
- 根据权利要求15所述的自动曝光装置，其特征在于，所述曝光估计单元还用于：在所述光量相关参数达到其极限值、所述重设的目标亮度达到其极限值、且所述预估图像亮度与所述重设的目标亮度仍不匹配的情况下，对初始的图像质量相关参数进行调节，直至所述预估图像亮度与所述重设的目标亮度相匹配。
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