Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
  • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
  • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
  • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
  • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
  • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for DC applications
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
  • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
  • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
  • H01H71/123—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using a solid-state trip unit
  • H01H2071/124—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using a solid-state trip unit with a hybrid structure, the solid state trip device being combined with a thermal or a electromagnetic trip
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
  • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
  • H01H71/1009—Interconnected mechanisms
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
  • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
  • H01H9/548—Electromechanical and static switch connected in series

Definitions

• the invention relates to a separation device for DC interruption between a DC power source and an electrical input or a load.
• DC direct current
• a rated current range between D c and 4A 250ADC in a DC voltage range between 300V and D c 1500VD C is understood.
• DC voltage source for example a photovoltaic system
• a DC voltage source for example a photovoltaic system
• an operating current and an operating voltage in the range between 180V (DC) and 1500V (DC) and on the other hand - for example for installation, assembly or service purposes as well as for general personal protection Reliable separation of the electrical components, devices and / or a load from the DC power source is desired, a corresponding disconnecting device must be able to interrupt under load, ie without previously switching off the DC power source.
• a mechanical switch for the load separation, a mechanical switch (switching contact) can be used with the advantage that, when the contact opening has been made, galvanic isolation of the electrical device (inverter) from the DC power source (photovoltaic system) is established.
• the disadvantage is that such mechanical switching contacts are worn very quickly due to the resulting arc at the contact opening or an additional effort is required to enclose the arc and cool, which is usually done by a corresponding mechanical switch with a quenching chambers.
• CONFIRMATION COPY From WO 2010/108565 A1 discloses a separation device with a mechanical switch is known, which is energized in the untripped state of the separation device.
• the mechanical switch is connected in parallel with a semiconductor electronics, which is connected to the mechanical switch such that at opening mechanical switch to interrupt the flow of current through the separator due to an arc forming in the region of the mechanical switch, the semiconductor electronics is switched in an electrically conductive manner.
• the semiconductor electronics on an energy storage which is charged as a result of the arc within the duration of the arc and by means of which the semiconductor electronics is operated. Due to the current conductivity of the semiconductor circuit in the case of an electric arc, a comparatively low-impedance current path is connected in parallel, which leads to a comparatively early extinction of the arc and thus to a comparatively low load on the separation device or interruption unit.
• the invention is based on the object to provide a particularly suitable separation device for DC interruption between a DC power source and an electrical device or load.
• hybrid circuit breaker comprises a separation device comprising at least one circuit breaker with magnetic release circuit breaker and a semiconductor electronics connected in parallel to the at least one circuit breaker of the circuit breaker Essentially comprises at least one semiconductor switch, preferably an IGBT.
• IGBT semiconductor switch
• the semiconductor electronics is provided and arranged to be current-blocking at current-carrying circuit breaker and at least a short time in triggering the circuit breaker as a result of an overcurrent and / or a switching signal, by at triggering circuit breaker the current, that is generated as a result of an arc arc current from the circuit breaker the semiconductor electronics commutated.
• the semiconductor electronics of the circuit breaker according to the invention preferably has no additional energy source and is therefore current-blocking with closed mechanical switch, d. H. high impedance and thus practically without current and voltage. Since there is no current flowing through the semiconductor electronics in the case of closed mechanical switching contacts of the or each circuit breaker of the circuit breaker arrangement and therefore no voltage drop occurs, in particular over the or each semiconductor switch, the semiconductor circuit also generates no power losses when the circuit breaker contacts are closed. Rather, the semiconductor electronics wins the energy required for their operation of the separator itself. For this purpose, the energy of a resulting when opening the switch contacts of the or each circuit breaker of the circuit breaker assembly arc is used.
• a control input of the semiconductor electronics or of the semiconductor switch is suitably connected to the or each circuit breaker in such a way that when the switch contacts of the circuit breaker arrangement open the arc voltage, the semiconductor electronics parallel thereto, d. H. Low impedance and thus energized switches.
• the circuit breaker assembly of the separation device has at least two circuit breakers, the switching contacts are connected in series, and at least one circuit breaker of the circuit breaker is connected in series with the semiconductor electronics, in the case of release of the circuit breaker assembly, a galvanic isolation of the load from the DC power source and thus through Opening this hybrid circuit breaker achieved a full galvanic DC interruption.
• this has a module (Are Fault Module) for arc detection and / or arc detection.
• This module cooperates with a current sensor for detecting the current flowing through the or each circuit breaker, so it is electrically connected to the current sensor.
• the module evaluates the detected current in terms of its time course and / or its steepness (dl / dt). If a particular characteristic of the detected current is detected, that is, when, for example, an arc is closed, the module transmits a trigger signal to the or each circuit breaker for tripping.
• the module is preferably connected to a motor or magnetic drive, which in turn is coupled to the or each circuit breaker or with its / their switching lock for the separation of the circuit breaker contacts.
• the separator may be bipolar or quadrupole.
• at least one circuit breaker of the circuit breaker arrangement preferably a series connection of at least two circuit breakers with protective contact breaker contacts, is connected in a main current path (positive current path) of the disconnecting device.
• at least one circuit breaker or breaker disconnect contact of the circuit breaker assembly is connected in the return current path (negative current path) of the disconnecting device.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a four-pole variant of the separation device with a Schautzschalteran instrument with a series circuit of three magnetic / magnetic-hydraulic circuit breakers and a parallel to one of the circuit breaker or its switch contacts semiconductor electronics
• 2 is a block diagram of Figure 1 is a two-pole version of the separator
• Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the bipolar separation device with a
• Fig. 4 shows the circuit diagram of a semiconductor electronics known per se
• Fig. 1 shows schematically a separator 1, which is connected in the embodiment between a DC voltage source 2 for generating a DC voltage U D c and a DC current l N and a load 3.
• the separation device 1 comprises in the positive pole representing Hauptstrom- or plus path 4 a circuit breaker arrangement in the form of a series circuit of two magnetic, in particular hydraulic-magnetic, circuit breakers 5, 6, which are coupled to a switching lock 7 switching contacts with Ci and C-2.
• Another circuit breaker 8 or switching contact C3 is connected in the return current or negative path (return line) 9 of the separator 1 and also coupled to the switching mechanism 7.
• One of the circuit breaker 5, 6, 8, here the circuit breaker 5 and its switching contact C1 is a semiconductor electronics 10 connected in parallel.
• the circuit breaker 5, 6, 8 and the semiconductor electronics 10 form a self-sufficient hybrid circuit breaker as a separator 1 for DC rated currents (DC currents) IN between 4A D c and 25oA D c at a DC voltage UDC between 300V D c and 1500V D c.
• the semiconductor electronics 10 essentially comprises at least one semiconductor switch 10a, 10b which is connected in parallel with the circuit breaker 5 of the circuit breaker arrangement 5, 6, 8.
• the gate of an IGBT preferably used as a semiconductor switch 10b forms the control input or a control terminal 11 of the semiconductor circuit 10.
• This control input or control terminal 11 may be guided via a drive circuit to the main current path 4.
• FIG. 1 shows a four-pole isolation device 1 or a four-pole hybrid protection switch with supply-side inputs or input connections Ei and E 2 as well as load-side outputs or output connections Ai and A 2
• a two-pole separation device 1 or a two-pole hybrid protection switch is shown in FIG.
• the respective circuit breaker 5, 6, 8 or their switching contacts Ci, C 2 , C 3 may each have a switching mechanism 7 and a magnetic or magnetic-hydraulic release 12 have.
• the circuit breakers 5, 6, 8 a common switching mechanism 7 and a common trigger (triggering device) 12 assigned.
• the switching contacts C n of the further circuit breaker are then mechanically coupled to the switching mechanism 7 of the main circuit breaker, here the circuit breaker 5, an at least approximately simultaneous triggering of the circuit breaker 5, 6, 8 and contact separation of the switching contacts C n all circuit breakers 5, 6, 8 to cause the circuit breaker assembly.
• the circuit breakers 5, 6, 8 or their switching contacts C n is assigned a designed as a motor or magnet system drive 13. This is supplied by a hereinafter referred to as Are Fault Module module 14 for arc detection or to detect an overcurrent, a control signal SA for circuit breaker tripping.
• the module 14 is connected to a current sensor 15, which detects the preferably flowing in the main current path 4 current I. The detected current I is evaluated by means of the module 14.
• the semiconductor electronics 10 accepts switching currents up to a value of about 1000A within a very short period of time, the commutation within a corresponding time range of 50ps to 300ps depending on the circular inductance. At higher switching currents takes over the circuit breaker assembly 5, 6, 8 alone the shutdown and a current limit.
• Fig. 4 shows the circuit of a possible, preferably used semiconductor electronics 10, which is connected in parallel with the circuit breaker 5 of the circuit breaker assembly 5, 6, 8 of the self-sufficient hybrid circuit breaker as a separator.
• a first semiconductor switch (IGBT) 10a is connected in series in a cascode arrangement with a second semiconductor switch 10b in the form of a MOSFET.
• the cascode arrangement with the two semiconductor switches 10a, 10b thus forms the commutation path 16 parallel to the circuit breaker 5 of the circuit breaker arrangement 5, 6, 8 and thus to the main current path 4.
• the first semiconductor switch 10a is located between the direct current source 2 and the circuit breaker arrangement and there guided parallel to the switching contact Ci to the main current path 4.
• the potential U + is always greater than the potential U. on the opposite side of the switch, at which the second semiconductor switch (MOSFET) 10 b is guided to the main circuit 4.
• the positive potential U + is 0V when the switching contacts C n of the circuit breaker assembly 5, 6, 8 are closed.
• the first semiconductor switch (IGBT) 10a is connected to a freewheeling diode D2.
• a first Zener diode D3 is on the anode side against the potential U. and the cathode side with the gate (control input 11) of the first semiconductor switch (IGBT) 10a connected.
• a further Zener diode D4 is in turn connected to the control input 11 on the cathode side and to the emitter of the first semiconductor switch (IGBT) 10a on the anode side.
• a diode D1 is on the anode side out, which is connected on the cathode side via a serving as an energy storage capacitor C against the potential U.
• a transistor T1 connected with ohmic resistors R1 and R2 is connected via further resistors R3 and R4 to the gate of the second semiconductor switch 10b which in turn is led to the control input 12 of the semiconductor electronics 10 connected.
• Another Zener diode D5 with parallel resistor R5 is connected on the cathode side to the gate and on the anode side to the emitter of the second semiconductor switch 10b.
• the transistor T1 On the base side, the transistor T1 is driven via a transistor T2, which in turn is connected on the base side via a resistor R6 to a timing element 19 designed, for example, as a monoflop. On the basis of the emitter side, the transistor T2 is additionally connected to a further resistor R7.
• the first semiconductor switch 10a With the onset of the arc and thus the formation of the arc voltage, the first semiconductor switch 10a is at least as far controlled through the resistor R, that a sufficient charging voltage and a sufficient arc or charging current for the capacitors C is available.
• U A b 12V (DC)
• the tap voltage serves to supply the drive circuit of the electronics 10 formed essentially by the transistors T1 and T2 and the timer 19 and the energy store C.
• the diode D1 connected to the cascode tap 17 and the cathode side to the capacitor C prevents the charging current from flowing back Capacitors C and via the commutation path 16 in the direction of the potential U ..
• the charge capacitance and thus the storage energy contained in the capacitor C is dimensioned such that the semiconductor electronics 10 carries the switch current I for a time period predetermined by the timer 19.
• This period of time can be set to, for example, 3 ms.
• the dimensioning of this period of time and thus the definition of the timing element 19 depend essentially on the application-specific or typical time periods for a complete extinction of the arc and after a sufficient cooling of the plasma formed in the process.
• the essential proviso here is that after the shutdown of the electronics 10 with then again high-impedance commutation path 16 and consequently current-blocking semiconductor electronics 10 to the still triggered circuit breaker assembly 5, 6, 8 no renewed arc can arise.
• the positive potential U + thus goes against this operating voltage when the commutation path 16 as a result of the blocking of the semiconductor switches 10 harnessohmig and thus the electronics 10 is again current blocking.
• an electrical device for. B. be provided an inverter of a photovoltaic system.

Landscapes

• Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
• Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
• Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)

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Related Child Applications (1)

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Cited By (2)

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Citations (6)

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• 2014
  • 2014-06-18 DE DE102014008706.9A patent/DE102014008706A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2015
  • 2015-03-16 EP EP15714411.4A patent/EP3158571B1/de active Active
  • 2015-03-16 EP EP20207521.4A patent/EP3855465B1/de active Active
  • 2015-03-16 JP JP2016569977A patent/JP2017527067A/ja active Pending
  • 2015-03-16 CN CN201580032448.4A patent/CN106663557B/zh active Active
  • 2015-03-16 WO PCT/EP2015/000576 patent/WO2015192924A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2016
  • 2016-12-19 US US15/383,416 patent/US10931093B2/en active Active

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