WO2015181859A1 - 改質水防錆効果判定装置及び改質水防錆効果判定方法 - Google Patents
改質水防錆効果判定装置及び改質水防錆効果判定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015181859A1 WO2015181859A1 PCT/JP2014/002890 JP2014002890W WO2015181859A1 WO 2015181859 A1 WO2015181859 A1 WO 2015181859A1 JP 2014002890 W JP2014002890 W JP 2014002890W WO 2015181859 A1 WO2015181859 A1 WO 2015181859A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/4161—Systems measuring the voltage and using a constant current supply, e.g. chronopotentiometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a modified water rust prevention effect determination device and a modified water rust prevention effect determination method, and more specifically, in a short time, easily determines that the rust prevention property of water has been improved by reforming water.
- the present invention relates to a modified water rust prevention effect determination apparatus and a modified water rust prevention effect determination method that can be performed.
- a water treatment apparatus is generally installed in piping of a large-scale facility such as a factory or a building.
- a large-scale facility such as a factory or a building.
- In order to investigate the water reforming effect of the water treatment equipment using the pipes installed with the water treatment equipment temporarily stop the operation of the equipment equipped with these pipes and drain the water inside the pipes. It is necessary to observe the inner surface of the pipe. It is often difficult to stop the operation of the equipment, and it takes a lot of labor to drain the water inside the piping. It is difficult to verify the piping in which the water treatment apparatus is installed.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is a modified water rust prevention effect measuring device capable of easily measuring in a short time that the rust prevention property of the treated water improved using the water treatment device has been improved. And providing a method for measuring the modified water rust prevention effect.
- Means for solving the problems are as follows: (1) An anode electrode, a pair of cathode electrodes, a first current generator for energizing current between the anode electrode and one cathode electrode, and a second current energizing current between the anode electrode and the other cathode electrode A generator, a current switching device that periodically changes the magnitude of the current flowing through the pair of cathode electrodes, and a measurement output unit that measures a potential difference between one cathode electrode and the other cathode electrode and outputs an output signal
- a first potential difference measuring device and a second potential difference measuring device wherein the anode electrode and the pair of cathode electrodes in the first potential difference measuring device are immersed in treated water treated by a water treatment device, The anode electrode and the pair of cathode electrodes in the two-potential difference measuring device are immersed in untreated water that is not treated by the water treatment device, And determining means for determining the antirust effect of the treated water based on the
- the first potential difference measuring device and the second potential difference measuring device each include a third current generating device for passing a current between one cathode electrode and the other cathode electrode.
- (1) is a modified water rust prevention effect determination device according to (3) The said determination means determines the rust prevention effect of a treated water based on the ratio with respect to the output signal B of the output signal A, The reformed water rust prevention as described in said (1) or (2) characterized by the above-mentioned.
- An effect judging device, (4) The surface of the pair of cathode electrodes is made of silver, and the surface of the anode electrode is made of platinum.
- the water treatment apparatus is an apparatus for bringing water into contact with a hybrid ceramic that radiates far infrared rays having a wavelength of 4.4 ⁇ m or more and 15.4 ⁇ m or less with an integral emissivity of 92% or more.
- a current is passed between the cathode electrode immersed in untreated water that is not treated by the water treatment device and one anode electrode, and between the cathode electrode immersed in the untreated water and the other anode electrode, Based on the potential difference between the one cathode electrode immersed in the treated water and the other cathode electrode and the potential difference between the one cathode electrode immersed in the untreated water and the other cathode electrode, It is a method for judging the rust prevention effect of modified water, characterized by judging the rust prevention effect of (7) Based on the ratio of the potential difference between one cathode electrode immersed in treated water and the other cathode electrode relative to the potential difference between one cathode electrode immersed in untreated water and the other cathode electrode.
- the surface of the pair of cathode electrodes is formed of silver, and
- the water treatment apparatus is an apparatus for bringing water into contact with a hybrid ceramic that radiates far infrared rays having a wavelength of 4.4 ⁇ m or more and 15.4 ⁇ m or less with an integral emissivity of 92% or more.
- the cathodic reaction can be rapidly advanced by energizing between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. Therefore, even when the experiment time is short, the formation of the calcium carbonate coating on the cathode electrode proceeds to such an extent that the difference in rust prevention between treated water and untreated water can be determined. According to the present invention, it is not necessary to conduct an experiment in which a metal is immersed in water for a long period of several months to several years, and it is determined that the rust prevention property of water has been improved by a short-term experiment of several days. It is possible to provide a modified water rust prevention effect determination apparatus and a modified water rust prevention effect determination method that can be used.
- modified water rust prevention effect determination device and the modified water rust prevention effect determination method of the present invention can determine the rust prevention effect of the reformed water using the potential difference between the pair of cathode electrodes. It is not necessary to observe the surface of the metal immersed in water, and it is simple.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the first potentiometer.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the modified water rust prevention effect judging device of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a control mechanism in the first current generator and the second current generator.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example in which a water treatment apparatus is installed in a pipe.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing a change with time in voltage measurement values in the example.
- the reformed water rust prevention effect judging device of the present invention has a first potential difference measuring device, a second potential difference measuring device, and a judging means.
- the first potential difference measuring device will be described with reference to FIG. 1, but the second potential difference measuring device has the same configuration as the first potential difference measuring device shown in FIG.
- the first potential difference measuring device 11 includes an anode electrode 2, a pair of cathode electrodes 3, a first current generator 14 that supplies current between the anode electrode 2 and one cathode electrode 13, and A second current generator 24 is provided between the anode electrode 2 and the other cathode electrode 23 to pass a current.
- the anode electrode 2 and the cathode electrode 3 each have two electrodes, one anode electrode 12 is connected to one cathode electrode 13, and the other anode electrode 22 is the other. Connected to the cathode electrode 23.
- the shape of the anode electrode is not particularly limited, and may be a plate shape, a rod shape, or a line shape.
- the anode reaction is generally an oxidation reaction.
- the following reaction (1) is mainly caused as the anode reaction.
- the surface of the anode electrode 2 is a metal having a relatively high ionization tendency such as Cu
- the following reaction (2) is caused as an anode reaction. 2H 2 O ⁇ O 2 + 4H + + 4e ⁇ (1) Cu ⁇ Cu 2+ + 2e ⁇ (2)
- the metal constituting the anode electrode 2 is eluted.
- the surface of the anode electrode 2 is formed of a metal having a small ionization tendency so that the metal forming the anode electrode 2 is not eluted by electrolysis.
- a known electrode can be used as an insoluble electrode.
- an electrode whose surface is covered with a thin film of platinum or iridium oxide can be used as the anode electrode 2.
- An electrode coated with a thin film of platinum or iridium oxide is obtained by plating platinum on the surface of a substrate formed of another metal typified by titanium or baking iridium oxide.
- the cathode reaction is generally a reduction reaction, and, for example, the following reaction (3) or (4) is caused.
- the pH of the water in the vicinity of the cathode electrode 3 is increased by the hydroxide ions OH ⁇ generated by the reaction (3) or (4).
- CO 3 2 ⁇ is easily released from carbon dioxide dissolved in water, and Ca 2+ and CO 3 2 ⁇ which are calcium ions react with each other in water to easily generate CaCO 3 . Therefore, as the cathode reaction proceeds, a coating of CaCO 3 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “calcium carbonate”) is formed on the surface of the cathode electrode 3.
- CaCO 3 hereinafter sometimes referred to as “calcium carbonate”
- Calcium carbonate can take mainly two different crystal structures of aragonite and calcite.
- Aragonite crystals are known to have a needle-like shape.
- calcite crystals are known to have a granular shape.
- acicular crystals adhere while forming many gaps, so that the calcium carbonate coating sparsely covers the surface of the electrode.
- the calcium carbonate film having a large calcite ratio the granular crystals adhere without gaps, so that the calcium carbonate film can uniformly cover the surface of the electrode.
- the electrical resistance of the cathode electrode 3 increases as the area covered with the calcium carbonate coating on the surface of the cathode electrode 3 increases.
- a coating with a large calcite ratio can cover the surface of the cathode electrode 3 without a gap compared to a coating with a large aragonite ratio. Therefore, the electrical resistance on the electrode surface is further increased.
- the surface of the cathode electrode 3 can be formed of a publicly known material as a material of the cathode of the electrolysis apparatus. Specifically, the surface of the cathode electrode 3 is made of a metal or alloy having a low ionization tendency, or corrosion resistance. The surface of the cathode electrode 3 can be made of silver or copper. In order to form the surface of the cathode electrode 3 with silver or copper, the entire cathode electrode 3 may be made of silver or copper, or the outer surface of a base made of another metal is subjected to silver plating or copper plating. May be.
- the first current generator 14 passes a current between the anode electrode 12 and one cathode electrode 13, and the second current generator 24 passes a current between the anode electrode 22 and the other cathode electrode 23.
- the first current generator 14 and the second current generator 24 may be devices that pass a current having a constant magnitude, or may be devices that are controlled so as to change the magnitude of a current that is periodically passed. It may be.
- the product of the magnitude of the current energized by the first current generator 14 and the energization time (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “electric amount”) and the amount of electricity energized by the second current generator 24 are: It is preferable that it is comparable.
- the current value energized by the first current generator 14 is 4.5 ⁇ A and the second constant current for the first 30 minutes.
- the current value energized by the generator 24 is 3.5 ⁇ A
- the current value energized by the first current generator 14 is 3.5 ⁇ A and the current value energized by the second current generator 24 for the last 30 minutes.
- the first current generator 14 and the second current generator 24 may be energized using a single power supply device.
- one power supply device 92 common to the first current generation device 14 and the second current generation device 24 is provided, and two current converters 93 and 94 are provided downstream of the power supply device 92. It may be provided and designed to output current from the current converters 93 and 94 to the first constant current generators 14 and 24.
- current is output from the current converter 93 to either the first current generator 14 or the second current generator 24, and from the current converter 94 to the first current generator 14 or the second current.
- a control circuit 95 that can be controlled to output current to the other side of the generator 24 is provided, and the output from the current converter 93 or 94 to the first current generator 14 or the second current generator 24 is constant.
- a flip-flop control device 96 that can be switched every time may be provided. The frequency at which the output is switched by the flip-flop control device 96 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about once every 5 minutes to about once every hour.
- the cathode reaction can be caused more quickly, so that the time required for the determination can be shortened.
- the current supplied by the first current generator 14 and the second current generator is excessively increased, the user may be touched by the electrode and may receive an electric shock, and hydrogen may be generated vigorously at the cathode electrode.
- the formed calcium carbonate film may be peeled off. Therefore, the current density supplied by the first current generator 14 and the second current generator 24 may be about 10 ⁇ A / cm 2 to 200 ⁇ A / cm 2 .
- the anode electrode 2 may be a single sheet or a plurality of sheets.
- the number of anode electrodes 2 is preferably the same as the number of cathode electrodes 3.
- the first potential difference measuring device 11 of the present invention includes a current switching device 35 and a measurement output means 36, and may include a third current generator 34.
- the third current generator 34 supplies a current between the one cathode electrode 13 and the other cathode electrode 23.
- the current switching device 35 periodically changes the magnitude of the current flowing through the pair of cathode electrodes.
- the frequency with which the magnitude of the current is changed by the current switching device 35 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about once every 5 minutes to about once every hour.
- the 3rd electric current generator 34 should just be an apparatus which supplies with the electric current of a fixed magnitude
- a commercially available constant current source can be used as the third current generator 34.
- the third current generator 34 may be activated while the first current generator 14 and the second current generator 24 are activated. As described above, when the first current generator 14, the second current generator 24, and the current generator 34 are operated at the same time, the current supplied by the first current generator 14 and the second current generator 24. It is sufficient that the current supplied by is equal in magnitude. Further, the magnitude of the current supplied by the third current generator 34 is smaller than the magnitude of the current supplied by the first current generator 14 and the magnitude of the current supplied by the second current generator 24. It is desirable.
- the cathode reaction is always caused at the cathode electrode 13 or the cathode electrode 23.
- the third current generator 34 When the third current generator 34 is operated while the first current generator 14 and the second current generator 24 are operated so that the same current is supplied, the third current generator 34 supplies the current. By controlling the magnitude and direction of the generated current, the magnitude of the current flowing through the cathode electrode 13 and the cathode electrode 23 can be controlled. Therefore, when the third current generator 34 is provided, the current supplied by the third current generator 34 is controlled without controlling the current supplied by the first current generator 14 and the second current generator 24. Only by this, the magnitude of the current flowing through the pair of cathode electrodes can be controlled. Note that only the third current generator 34 may be activated after the first current generator 14 and the second current generator 24 are stopped.
- the measurement output means 36 measures the potential difference between the one cathode electrode 13 and the other cathode electrode 23, and outputs an output signal to the determination means 91.
- either the cathode electrode 13 or the cathode electrode 23 serves as a reference electrode, and the other serves as a working electrode.
- the third current generator 34 In order for the third current generator 34 to pass a current between one cathode electrode 13 and the other cathode electrode 23, a voltage is required.
- the voltage required to pass a current having a constant magnitude is proportional to the magnitude of the electrical resistance in the cathode electrode 3. As described above, the more the calcium carbonate coating is formed on the surface of the cathode electrode 3 and the larger the ratio of calcite crystals in the calcium carbonate coating, the greater the electrical resistance in the cathode electrode 3. It gets bigger.
- the measurement output means 36 measures the magnitude of the current generated between the cathode electrode 13 and the cathode electrode 23. Since the magnitude of the electrical resistance in the cathode electrode 3 can be measured, the same effect as in the present invention can be achieved.
- the first potential difference measuring device 11 is used in the treated water 41 treated by the water treatment device, and the second potential difference measuring device 61 is used in the untreated water 42 not treated by the water treatment device. It is done. More specifically, when the water reforming effect determination device 1 of the present invention is used, the anode electrode 2 and the cathode electrode 3 in the first potential difference measuring device 11 are immersed in the treated water 41 and the second potential difference measuring device. The anode electrode 52 and the cathode electrode 53 in 61 are immersed in the untreated water 42.
- Examples of the water treatment apparatus include an apparatus having a hybrid ceramic disposed in a water flow passage.
- a hybrid ceramic disposed in a water flow passage.
- the hybrid ceramic is a ceramic that radiates 4.4 to 15.4 ⁇ m of far-infrared rays with an integral emissivity of 92% or more.
- the treated water 41 treated by the water treatment device has higher rust prevention properties than the untreated water 42.
- the metal immersed in the treated water 41 has a slower corrosion rate than the metal immersed in the untreated water 42. More specifically, in the metal immersed in the treated water 41, calcium carbonate containing abundant calcite crystals is easily formed on the surface by the cathode reaction, and the calcium carbonate coating covers the metal surface thoroughly. The progress of corrosion on the surface is suppressed.
- the metal immersed in the untreated water 42 calcium carbonate having a large ratio of aragonite crystals is easily formed on the surface by the cathodic reaction, and the calcium carbonate coating sparsely covers the metal surface. Corrosion tends to proceed from a portion where no film is formed.
- the cathode electrode 3 immersed in the treated water 41 is easier to form a calcium carbonate film having a larger calcite ratio than the cathode electrode 53 immersed in the untreated water 42. Compared to the cathode electrode 53, the electric resistance is increased. Therefore, as the cathode reaction proceeds, the voltage required to pass a constant current between the cathode electrode 13 and the cathode electrode 23 is the same between the cathode electrode 63 and the cathode electrode 73. It becomes larger than the voltage required to energize the current.
- the determination means 91 can determine the rust prevention effect of the treated water 41 based on the output signal A and the output signal B.
- the output signal A and the output signal B are not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are achieved.
- the output signal A the potential difference between the cathode electrode 13 and the cathode electrode 23, the cathode electrode 13 and the cathode electrode 23, and the like.
- the output signal A and the output signal B may be the same type of signal.
- the output signal A is a potential difference between the cathode electrode 13 and the cathode electrode 23
- the output signal B is output from the cathode electrode 63 and the cathode signal.
- Any potential difference between the electrode 73 and the electrode 73 may be used.
- the determination means 91 can determine the rust prevention effect of the treated water 41 based on the output signal A and the output signal B. More specifically, the determination unit 91 performs processing by calculating a ratio of the output signal A to the output signal B, a ratio of the output signal B to the output signal A, a difference between the output signal A and the output signal B, or the like.
- the antirust effect of the water 41 can be determined. For example, in an example in which the output signals A and B are a potential difference between a pair of cathode electrodes, if the output signal A is larger than the output signal B, the surface of the cathode electrode 3 immersed in the treated water 41 is not yet applied.
- the determination means 91 determines that the output signal A is larger than the output signal B, so that the metal has been reformed to be less susceptible to corrosion by the cathode reaction, in other words, the rust prevention effect of the treated water is improved. Can be determined.
- the measurement output means 36 may be an apparatus formed by combining a measurement device that measures a potential difference between the cathode electrodes and an output device that outputs a measurement result to the determination means 91.
- a water treatment device 102 for example, “The Bio Water (registered trademark)” in a pipe
- the water in the pipe is reformed, and the corrosion of the metal on the inner surface of the pipe is prevented.
- Equipment suppliers may want to confirm that progress has been suppressed.
- the equipment contractor etc. can use the reforming water rust prevention effect determination apparatus 1 of this invention.
- untreated water 41 is sampled from a three-way valve 104 provided in a pipe upstream of the water treatment apparatus 102
- treated water 42 is sampled from a three-way valve 105 provided in a pipe downstream of the water treatment apparatus 102 in a container such as a beaker. To do.
- FIG. 1 untreated water 41 is sampled from a three-way valve 104 provided in a pipe upstream of the water treatment apparatus 102
- treated water 42 is sampled from a three-way valve 105 provided in a pipe downstream of the water treatment apparatus 102 in a container such as a beaker.
- the cathode electrode 3 and the anode electrode 2 of the first potential difference measuring device 11 are immersed in the treated water 41 sampled in the container, and the cathode electrode 53 of the second potential difference measuring device 61 is immersed in the untreated water 42. And the anode electrode 52 are immersed.
- the first current generators 14 and 64 and the second current generators 24 and 74 are activated to energize the cathode electrodes 13, 23, 63, and 73.
- a cathodic reaction is caused by energization
- a coating of calcium carbonate is formed on the surfaces of the energized cathode electrodes 13, 23, 63, and 73.
- the cathode electrodes 13, 23, 63 A coating of calcium carbonate is formed on the surfaces of, and 73 to such an extent that the rust prevention effect of the treated water 41 can be determined.
- energization time can be shortened by increasing the hardness of the treated water 41 and the untreated water 42.
- a salt such as calcium carbonate may be added to the treated water 41 or the untreated water 42.
- the type and amount of salt added to the treated water 41 may be the same as the type and amount of salt added to the untreated water 42.
- the treated water 41 has improved rust prevention compared to the untreated water 42.
- calcium carbonate crystals containing abundant calcite crystals are more likely to precipitate than in the cathode electrode 53 immersed in the untreated water 42. Therefore, the surface of the cathode electrode 3 is more completely covered with the calcium carbonate coating than the surface of the cathode electrode 53.
- the third current generators 34 and 84 are started up while the first current generators 14 and 64 and the second current generators 24 and 74 are started up, and between the cathode electrodes 13 and 23 and the cathode electrode.
- a current having a constant magnitude is passed between 63 and 83.
- the magnitude of the current supplied by the third current generator 34 and the magnitude of the current supplied by the third current generator 84 are set to be the same.
- the magnitude of the current energized by the first current generator 14 and the magnitude of the current energized by the first current generator 64 are made the same so that the magnitude of the current energized by the second current generator 24 is increased.
- the magnitude of the current supplied by the second current generator 74 are made the same.
- the magnitude of the current supplied by the third current generator 34 is set to be smaller than the magnitude of any current supplied by the first current generators 14 and 64, the second current generators 24 and 74. That's fine.
- Current density is energized by the third current generator is as long as 0.5 .mu.A / cm 2 or more 25 .mu.A / cm 2 or less, it is possible to determine the corrosion protection of the treated water 41 quickly and accurately.
- the measurement output means 36 and 86 measure the potential difference between the cathode electrodes 13 and 23 and between the cathode electrodes 63 and 73. The larger the potential difference between the cathode electrodes, the greater the electrical resistance of the cathode electrode, and the calcium carbonate film containing abundant calcite crystals is formed on the cathode electrode.
- the measurement output means 36 and 86 output the measured potential difference as the output signal A and the output signal B to the determination means 91.
- the determination unit 91 determines that the electrical resistance of the cathode electrode 3 is larger than that of the cathode electrode 53 by confirming that the ratio of the output signal A to the output signal B is greater than 100%, and the treated water 41. It is determined that the rust prevention effect of is improved.
- the modified water rust prevention effect judging device 1 of the present invention confirms that the rust prevention effect of water has been improved by measuring the potential difference etc. at the cathode electrodes 3 and 5 using the two measurement output means 36 and 86. Therefore, in order to verify that the corrosion of the metal on the inner surface of the pipe 103 can be suppressed by installing the water treatment apparatus 102, it is not necessary to observe the inside of the pipe 103 or the like. Therefore, it is not necessary to bother to stop the facility or drain the piping 103, and it is possible to confirm the improvement of the rust prevention effect by simply introducing the water treatment device 102.
- the modified water rust prevention effect determination apparatus 1 of this invention can advance rapidly the cathode reaction which occurs with the metal immersed in water by supplying an electric current. Therefore, in order to confirm the rust prevention effect due to the introduction of the water treatment device 102, it is not necessary to follow up over a long period of several months to several years, and the rust prevention effect of water in a short period of several days. Can be confirmed.
- the rust preventive effect of the reformed water can also be determined by measuring the potential difference between one cathode electrode and the other cathode electrode without using the third current generator 34.
- the magnitude of the current supplied by the first current generator 14 is set to be different from the magnitude of the current supplied by the second current generator 24, and the potential difference generated between the cathode electrode 13 and the cathode electrode 23 is determined.
- the current switching device 35 is used to switch the magnitude of the current supplied by the first current generation device 14 and the magnitude of the current supplied by the second current generation device at regular intervals, whereby the cathode electrode What is necessary is just to control the magnitude
- the magnitude of the current supplied between the cathode electrode 13 and the cathode electrode 23 is equal to the magnitude of the current supplied between the cathode electrodes 63 and 73.
- operation of the 1st electric current generator 14, 24, 64, and 74 is just to control the driving
- Untreated water 42 was obtained by adding calcium sulfate to 5000 mL of tap water so that the hardness was 300 ppm.
- this untreated water 42 two same hybrid ceramics (13.5 ⁇ ⁇ 19 mm) loaded in “The Bio Water” were put and allowed to stand for 15 minutes to obtain treated water 41.
- the two anode electrodes 2 and the two cathode electrodes 3 in the first potentiometer 11 of the modified water rust prevention effect determination device 1 were immersed.
- the two anode electrodes 52 and the two cathode electrodes 53 in the second potential difference measuring device 61 of the modified water rust prevention effect measuring device 1 were immersed in the untreated water 42.
- the cathode electrodes 3 and 53 electrodes formed of silver whose surface was polished were used, and as the anode electrodes 2 and 52, platinum-plated electrodes were used.
- the surface areas of the cathode electrodes 13, 23, 63, and 73 were each 0.2 cm 2 .
- the first current generators 14 and 64 and the second current generators 24 and 74 were operated for 48 hours so that a current of 4 ⁇ A was applied.
- the magnitude of the current supplied by the first current generators 14 and 64 was 4 ⁇ A.
- the third current generators 34 and 84 were operated while the first current generators 14 and 64 and the second current generators 24 and 74 were operated.
- the third current Even during energization by the generators 34 and 84, current always flowed through the cathode electrodes 13, 63, 23 and 73, and a cathode reaction always occurred. Then, while the third current generators 34 and 84 were energized, the potential difference between the cathode electrode 13 and the cathode electrode 23 and between the cathode electrodes 63 and 73 was continuously measured. The results are shown in FIG.
- the potential difference in the first half 30 minutes in each cycle was a positive value, and the potential difference in the second half 30 minutes in each cycle was a negative value.
- the average value of the potential difference in the first half 30 minutes and the second half 30 minutes in each cycle was determined. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the time when the elapsed time becomes 0 minutes on the horizontal axis in FIG. 5 is the time when the operation of the third current generators 34 and 84 is started.
- the electrical resistance value at the cathode electrode 3 or 53 was calculated for each cycle.
- the following formula (5) was used for the calculation.
- R p1 (V 1+ ⁇ V 1 ⁇ ) / 2I ⁇ R (5)
- R p1 Polarization resistance value in each cycle
- V 1+ Average value of potential difference between cathode electrodes in the first half 30 minutes of each cycle
- V 1 ⁇ Average value of potential difference between cathode electrodes in the latter half 30 minutes of each cycle
- I Third Current value energized by the current generator
- R Solution resistance value between the cathode electrodes The solution resistance value between the cathode electrodes depends on the distance between the cathode electrodes and whether the solution is treated water or untreated water.
- the electric resistance at the cathode electrode is obtained by subtracting “R”, which is the electric resistance value of the solution, from the total resistance value obtained by the equation “(V 1+ ⁇ V 1 ⁇ ) / 2I”. Only the resistance value is obtained as “R p1 ”.
- the values of polarization resistance in each cycle and the average value are shown in Table 1 below. Furthermore, when the ratio of the average value of the polarization resistance calculated in the treated water 41 to the average value of the polarization resistance calculated in the untreated water 42 was calculated, the result was 137.5%.
- the cathode electrode 3 immersed in the treated water 41 has a higher electrical resistance than the cathode electrode 53 immersed in the untreated water 42. Therefore, it was shown that a dense calcium carbonate film having a large calcite ratio is formed more densely in the cathode reaction in the treated water 41 than in the cathode reaction in the untreated water 42. Since the corrosion of the metal is suppressed by the formation of the calcium carbonate coating, it is shown that the treated water 41 has an improved rust prevention effect compared to the untreated water 42.
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Abstract
Description
(1)アノード電極、一対のカソード電極、アノード電極と一方のカソード電極との間に電流を通電する第1電流発生装置、アノード電極と他方のカソード電極との間に電流を通電する第2電流発生装置、一対のカソード電極に流れる電流の大きさを定期的に変える電流切替装置、及び一方のカソード電極と他方のカソード電極との間における電位差を計測し出力信号を出力する計測出力手段を備えてなる第1電位差測定装置と第2電位差測定装置とを有し、前記第1電位差測定装置におけるアノード電極と一対のカソード電極とは、水処理装置によって処理された処理水に浸漬され、前記第2電位差測定装置におけるアノード電極と一対のカソード電極とは、水処理装置によって処理されない未処理水に浸漬され、第1電位差測定装置における計測出力手段から出力される出力信号Aと、第2電位差測定装置における計測出力手段から出力される出力信号Bとに基づいて、処理水の防錆効果を判定する判定手段を有してなることを特徴とする改質水防錆効果判定装置であり、
(2)前記第1電位差測定装置及び第2電位差測定装置は、一方のカソード電極と他方のカソード電極との間に電流を通電する第3電流発生装置をそれぞれ備えてなることを特徴とする前記(1)に記載の改質水防錆効果判定装置であり、
(3)前記判定手段は、出力信号Aの出力信号Bに対する割合に基づいて、処理水の防錆効果を判定することを特徴とする前記(1)又は(2)に記載の改質水防錆効果判定装置であり、
(4)前記一対のカソード電極の表面は銀で形成され、前記アノード電極の表面は白金で形成されてなることを特徴とする前記(1)から(3)までのいずれか一項に記載の改質水防錆効果判定装置であり、
(5)前記水処理装置は、4.4μm以上15.4μm以下の波長の遠赤外線を92%以上の積分放射率で放射するハイブリッドセラミックに水を接触させる装置である前記(1)から(4)までのいずれか一項に記載の改質水防錆効果判定装置であり、
(6)水処理装置によって処理された処理水に浸漬されたカソード電極と一方のアノード電極との間、及び前記処理水に浸漬されたカソード電極と他方のアノード電極との間に電流を通電し、水処理装置によって処理されない未処理水に浸漬されたカソード電極と一方のアノード電極との間、及び前記未処理水に浸漬されたカソード電極と他方のアノード電極との間に電流を通電し、処理水に浸漬された一方のカソード電極と他方のカソード電極との間における電位差と、未処理水に浸漬された一方のカソード電極と他方のカソード電極との間における電位差とに基づいて、処理水の防錆効果を判定することを特徴とする改質水防錆効果判定方法であり、
(7)未処理水に浸漬された一方のカソード電極と他方のカソード電極との間における電位差に対する、処理水に浸漬された一方のカソード電極と他方のカソード電極との間における電位差の割合に基づいて、処理水の防錆効果を判定することを特徴とする前記(6)に記載の改質水防錆効果判定方法であり、
(8)前記一対のカソード電極の表面は銀で形成され、前記アノード電極の表面は白金で形成されてなることを特徴とする前記(6)又は(7)に記載の改質水防錆効果判定方法であり、
(9)前記水処理装置は、4.4μm以上15.4μm以下の波長の遠赤外線を92%以上の積分放射率で放射するハイブリッドセラミックに水を接触させる装置である前記(6)から(8)までのいずれか一項に記載の改質水防錆効果判定方法である。
また、本発明の改質水防錆効果判定装置及び改質水防錆効果判定方法は、一対のカソード電極の間における電位差を利用して改質水の防錆効果を判定することができるので、実際に水に浸漬された金属表面の観察等をする必要がなく、簡便である。
アノード電極2及び一対のカソード電極3を水に浸漬し、第1電流発生装置14及び第2定電流発生装置24を起動させると、アノード電極12とカソード電極13との間、及びアノード電極22とカソード電極23との間において電流が流れ、アノード電極2においてアノード反応が、カソード電極3においてカソード反応が引き起こされる。
尚、アノード電極の形状は特に制限されず、板状、棒状、又は線状であってもよい。
2H2O → O2+4H++4e- ・・・・・ (1)
Cu → Cu2++2e- ・・・・・ (2)
上記(2)の反応では、アノード電極2を構成する金属が溶出する。金属が水中に溶出すると、水中の不純物が増大することによって、アノード反応とカソード反応とが阻害され、改質水防錆効果を精度良く判定できないことがある。よって、アノード電極2の表面は、電気分解によってアノード電極2を形成する金属が溶出しないように、イオン化傾向の小さい金属で形成されてなることが好ましい。具体的には、アノード電極2として、不溶性電極として公知の電極を用いることができる。さらに具体的には、表面に白金又は酸化イリジウムの薄膜を被覆した電極をアノード電極2として用いることができる。白金又は酸化イリジウムの薄膜を被覆した電極は、チタンに代表される他の金属によって形成された基体の表面に、白金をめっき処理すること、又は酸化イリジウムを焼き付けることによって得られる。
O2+2H2O+4e- → 4OH-・・・・・ (3)
2H2O+2e- → 2OH-+H2 ・・・・ (4)
上記(3)又は(4)の反応で生成する水酸化物イオンOH-によって、カソード電極3近傍の水のpHが高くなる。pHが高くなると、水中に溶けている炭酸ガスからCO3 2-が放出されやすくなり、水中においてカルシウムイオンであるCa2+とCO3 2-とが反応してCaCO3が生成しやすくなる。よって、カソード反応が進むにつれてカソード電極3の表面には、CaCO3(以下、「炭酸カルシウム」と称することがある。)の被膜が形成される。
例えば、図3に示されるように、第1電流発生装置14と第2電流発生装置24とに共通な電源装置92を1つ設け、電源装置92の下流に2つの電流変換器93及び94を設け、電流変換器93及び94から第1定電流発生装置14及び24に電流を出力するように設計すればよい。さらに具体的には、電流変換器93から第1電流発生装置14又は第2電流発生装置24のいずれか一方に電流を出力すると共に、電流変換器94から第1電流発生装置14又は第2電流発生装置24の他方に電流を出力するように制御することのできる制御回路95を設け、電流変換器93又は94からの第1電流発生装置14又は第2電流発生装置24への出力を、一定時間毎に切り替えることのできるフリップフロップ制御装置96を設けるようにすればよい。フリップフロップ制御装置96によって出力が切り替えられる頻度は特に制限されないが、例えば、5分に1回程度~1時間に1回程度の頻度であればよい。
第1電流発生装置14及び第2電流発生装置24が起動している間に、第3電流発生装置34を起動させてもよい。このように、第1電流発生装置14及び第2電流発生装置24と、電流発生装置34とを同時に運転させる場合には、第1電流発生装置14によって通電される電流と第2電流発生装置24によって通電される電流とが同じ大きさであればよい。また、第3電流発生装置34によって通電される電流の大きさが、第1電流発生装置14によって通電される電流の大きさ及び第2電流発生装置24によって通電される電流の大きさよりも、小さいことが望ましい。第3電流発生装置34によって通電される電流の大きさがこのような関係にあると、カソード電極13又はカソード電極23において、常にカソード反応が引き起こされることとなる。第1電流発生装置14と第2電流発生装置24とを、同じ大きさの電流が通電されるように運転させたまま、第3電流発生装置34を運転すると、第3電流発生装置34によって通電される電流の大きさ及び向きを制御することによって、カソード電極13、カソード電極23に流れる電流の大きさを制御することができる。よって、第3電流発生装置34を設けると、第1電流発生装置14及び第2電流発生装置24によって通電される電流を制御することなく、第3電流発生装置34によって通電される電流を制御するのみで、一対のカソード電極に流れる電流の大きさを制御することができる。
尚、第1電流発生装置14と第2電流発生装置24とを停止させた後に、第3電流発生装置34のみを起動させてもよい。
第3電流発生装置34によって一方のカソード電極13と他方のカソード電極23との間に電流を通電するには、電圧が必要である。一定の大きさの電流を通電するのに必要な電圧は、カソード電極3における電気抵抗の大きさと比例する。前述したように、カソード電極3の表面に炭酸カルシウムの被膜が形成されていればいるほど、また、炭酸カルシウムの被膜におけるカルサイト結晶の比率が大きければ大きいほど、カソード電極3における電気抵抗の大きさは大きくなる。
より具体的には、処理水41に浸漬された金属では、カソード反応によってカルサイト結晶を豊富に含んだ炭酸カルシウムが表面に形成されやすく、炭酸カルシウムの被膜が金属表面を隈なく覆うことによって金属表面における腐食の進行が抑制される。一方で、未処理水42に浸漬された金属では、カソード反応によってアラゴナイト結晶の比率の大きい炭酸カルシウムが表面に形成されやすく、炭酸カルシウムの被膜が金属表面をまばらに覆うので、金属表面において炭酸カルシウム被膜の形成されていない箇所から、腐食が進行しやすい。
第3電流発生装置によって通電される電流密度が、0.5μA/cm2以上25μA/cm2以下程度であれば、迅速かつ正確に処理水41の防錆効果を判定することができる。
次に、第3電流発生装置34及び84による通電時に、計測出力手段36及び86が、カソード電極13と23との間、及びカソード電極63と73との間における電位差を測定する。カソード電極間における電位差が大きいほど、カソード電極の電気抵抗が大きく、カソード電極においてカルサイト結晶を豊富に含む炭酸カルシウム被膜が形成されていることになる。
また、本発明の改質水防錆効果判定装置1は、電流を通電することによって、水に浸漬された金属で起こるカソード反応を、迅速に進めることができる。よって、水処理装置102を導入したことによる防錆効果を確認するのに、数ヶ月~数年程度の長期間にわたって経過観察をする必要がなく、数日程度の短期間で水の防錆効果が向上したことを確認することができる。
5000mLの水道水に、硬度が300ppmとなるように硫酸カルシウムを添加し、未処理水42を得た。この未処理水42に、「ザ・バイオウォーター」に装填されるのと同じハイブリッドセラミック(13.5φ×19mm)を2個入れて15分間静置することによって、処理水41を得た。この処理水41に、改質水防錆効果判定装置1の第1電位差測定装置11における2枚のアノード電極2と2枚のカソード電極3とを浸漬させた。また、未処理水42に、改質水防錆効果測定装置1の第2電位差測定装置61における2枚のアノード電極52と2枚のカソード電極53とを浸漬させた。カソード電極3及び53としては表面が研磨された銀によって形成された電極を使用し、アノード電極2及び52としては白金めっき電極を使用した。カソード電極13、23、63、及び73の表面積は、それぞれ0.2cm2であった。
次に、4μAの電流が通電されるように、第1電流発生装置14及び64並びに第2電流発生装置24及び74を48時間運転させた。第1電流発生装置14及び64によって通電された電流の大きさは、4μAであった。48時間後に、第1電流発生装置14及び64並びに第2電流発生装置24及び74を運転させたままで、第3電流発生装置34及び84を運転させた。第3電流発生装置34及び84によって、カソード電極3とカソード電極53とには、それぞれ0.5μAの電流が通電された。また、第3電流発生装置34及び84を運転させてから30分経過後、言い換えると、第1電流発生装置14及び64と、第2電流発生装置24及び74とを運転させてから48時間30分を経過した後より、30分毎に電流切替装置35及び85により電流の大きさを変えた。また、第3電流発生装置34及び84を運転させてから1時間毎の期間を1サイクルとした。
第1電流発生装置14及び64並びに第2電流発生装置24及び74によって通電される電流の大きさは、第3電流発生装置34及び84によって通電される電流の大きさよりも大きいので、第3電流発生装置34及び84によって通電されている間においても、カソード電極13、63、23及び73においては常に電流が流れ込み、常にカソード反応が起こった。
そして、第3電流発生装置34及び84によって通電している際に、連続的にカソード電極13とカソード電極23との間、及びカソード電極63と73との間における電位差を測定した。結果を図5に示す。各サイクルにおける前半30分間の電位差は正の値であり、各サイクルにおける後半30分間の電位差は負の値であった。各サイクルにおける前半30分間と、後半30分間における電位差の平均値をそれぞれ求めた。結果を以下の表1に示す。尚、図5の横軸において経過時間が0分となる時点は、第3電流発生装置34及び84の運転を開始した時点である。
Rp1 = (V1+-V1-)/2I-R ・・・・・ (5)
Rp1:各サイクルの分極抵抗値
V1+:各サイクルの前半30分間におけるカソード電極間の電位差の平均値
V1-:各サイクルの後半30分間におけるカソード電極間の電位差の平均値
I:第3電流発生装置によって通電される電流値
R:カソード電極間の溶液抵抗値
尚、カソード電極間の溶液抵抗値は、カソード電極間の距離、及び溶液が処理水であるか未処理水であるかによって自動的に決定される。
上記式(5)においては、「(V1+-V1-)/2I」という式によって求められた全抵抗値から、溶液による電気抵抗値である「R」を差し引くことによって、カソード電極における電気抵抗値のみが「Rp1」として求められる。
各サイクルにおける分極抵抗の値、及びその平均値を以下の表1に示す。さらに、未処理水42において算出された分極抵抗の平均値に対する、処理水41において算出された分極抵抗の平均値の割合を算出したところ、結果は137.5%であった。
2、12、22、52、62、72 アノード電極
3、13、23、53、63、73 カソード電極
11 第1電位差測定装置
14、64 第1電流発生装置
24、74 第2電流発生装置
34、84 第3電流発生装置
35、85 電流切替装置
36、86 計測出力手段
41 処理水
42 未処理水
61 第2電位差測定装置
91 判定手段
92 電源装置
93、94 電流変換器
95 制御回路
96 フリップフロップ制御装置
102 水処理装置
103 配管
104、105 三方弁
Claims (9)
- アノード電極、一対のカソード電極、アノード電極と一方のカソード電極との間に電流を通電する第1電流発生装置、アノード電極と他方のカソード電極との間に電流を通電する第2電流発生装置、一対のカソード電極に流れる電流の大きさを定期的に変える電流切替装置、及び一方のカソード電極と他方のカソード電極との間における電位差を計測し出力信号を出力する計測出力手段を備えてなる第1電位差測定装置と第2電位差測定装置とを有し、
前記第1電位差測定装置におけるアノード電極と一対のカソード電極とは、水処理装置によって処理された処理水に浸漬され、
前記第2電位差測定装置におけるアノード電極と一対のカソード電極とは、水処理装置によって処理されない未処理水に浸漬され、
第1電位差測定装置における計測出力手段から出力される出力信号Aと、第2電位差測定装置における計測出力手段から出力される出力信号Bとに基づいて、処理水の防錆効果を判定する判定手段を有してなることを特徴とする改質水防錆効果判定装置。 - 前記第1電位差測定装置及び第2電位差測定装置は、一方のカソード電極と他方のカソード電極との間に電流を通電する第3電流発生装置をそれぞれ備えてなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の改質水防錆効果判定装置。
- 前記判定手段は、出力信号Aの出力信号Bに対する割合に基づいて、処理水の防錆効果を判定することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の改質水防錆効果判定装置。
- 前記一対のカソード電極の表面は銀で形成され、前記アノード電極の表面は白金で形成されてなることを特徴とする請求項1から3までのいずれか一項に記載の改質水防錆効果判定装置。
- 前記水処理装置は、4.4μm以上15.4μm以下の波長の遠赤外線を92%以上の積分放射率で放射するハイブリッドセラミックに水を接触させる装置である請求項1から4までのいずれか一項に記載の改質水防錆効果判定装置。
- 水処理装置によって処理された処理水に浸漬されたカソード電極と一方のアノード電極との間、及び前記処理水に浸漬されたカソード電極と他方のアノード電極との間に電流を通電し、
水処理装置によって処理されない未処理水に浸漬されたカソード電極と一方のアノード電極との間、及び前記未処理水に浸漬されたカソード電極と他方のアノード電極との間に電流を通電し、
処理水に浸漬された一方のカソード電極と他方のカソード電極との間における電位差と、未処理水に浸漬された一方のカソード電極と他方のカソード電極との間における電位差とに基づいて、処理水の防錆効果を判定することを特徴とする改質水防錆効果判定方法。 - 未処理水に浸漬された一方のカソード電極と他方のカソード電極との間における電位差に対する、処理水に浸漬された一方のカソード電極と他方のカソード電極との間における電位差の割合に基づいて、処理水の防錆効果を判定することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の改質水防錆効果判定方法。
- 前記一対のカソード電極の表面は銀で形成され、前記アノード電極の表面は白金で形成されてなることを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載の改質水防錆効果判定方法。
- 前記水処理装置は、4.4μm以上15.4μm以下の波長の遠赤外線を92%以上の積分放射率で放射するハイブリッドセラミックに水を接触させる装置である請求項6から8までのいずれか一項に記載の改質水防錆効果判定方法。
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SG11201509765PA SG11201509765PA (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2014-05-30 | Determination Device for Determining Antirust Effect of Treated Water and Method for Determining the Same |
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JP2014558334A JP5780539B1 (ja) | 2014-05-30 | 2014-05-30 | 改質水防錆効果判定装置及び改質水防錆効果判定方法 |
PCT/JP2014/002890 WO2015181859A1 (ja) | 2014-05-30 | 2014-05-30 | 改質水防錆効果判定装置及び改質水防錆効果判定方法 |
EP14892235.4A EP3070465B1 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2014-05-30 | Reforming-water-antirust-effect determination device and reforming-water-antirust-effect determination method |
US14/894,721 US20160187287A1 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2014-05-30 | Determination Device for Determining Antirust Effect of Treated Water and Method for Determining the Same |
US15/809,444 US10718734B2 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2017-11-10 | Method for determining antirust effect of treated water |
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