WO2015176635A1 - 防滑链自紧装置、防滑链 - Google Patents
防滑链自紧装置、防滑链 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015176635A1 WO2015176635A1 PCT/CN2015/079244 CN2015079244W WO2015176635A1 WO 2015176635 A1 WO2015176635 A1 WO 2015176635A1 CN 2015079244 W CN2015079244 W CN 2015079244W WO 2015176635 A1 WO2015176635 A1 WO 2015176635A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- pawl
- ratchet
- reel
- tightening device
- elastic member
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C27/00—Non-skid devices temporarily attachable to resilient tyres or resiliently-tyred wheels
- B60C27/06—Non-skid devices temporarily attachable to resilient tyres or resiliently-tyred wheels extending over the complete circumference of the tread, e.g. made of chains or cables
- B60C27/10—Non-skid devices temporarily attachable to resilient tyres or resiliently-tyred wheels extending over the complete circumference of the tread, e.g. made of chains or cables having tensioning means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G11/00—Means for fastening cables or ropes to one another or to other objects; Caps or sleeves for fixing on cables or ropes
- F16G11/12—Connections or attachments, e.g. turnbuckles, adapted for straining of cables, ropes, or wire
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of vehicles, in particular to a snow chain self-tightening device and a snow chain for a wheel.
- the snow chain L includes a transverse chain 44 wrapped around the outer circumferential surface of the tire 40 of the wheel and an outer chain 42 connected to the transverse chain, and the outer chain 42 is used to fasten the transverse chain 44 to the outer circumferential surface of the tire 40;
- the outer chain 42 has at least one pair of opposite ends in the circumferential direction, and each of the pair of ends has a clamping device T connected to one end and a hook 45 connected to the other end, and the clamping device T includes the outer casing 1 and the coil a leash 3 provided in the outer casing, the outer casing 1 is connected to one end of the outer chain 42, the leash 3 can be pulled out from the outer casing 1 and connected to the hook 45; the clamping device T extends the length of the outer casing by adjusting the leash 3 To adjust the circumference of the outer chain 42, when the clamping device T tightens the leash 3, the outer chain 42 is tightened due to the reduction in circumference, and the transverse chain 44 can be fastened to the
- U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US Pat. No. 6,213, 413, issued to U.S. Pat. 12 sets are disposed on the shaft pin 15; the wire rope 3 is wound on the ratchet 10, and can extend out of the outer casing 1 along a guiding groove 5 formed on the outer casing 1, and protrudes from one end of the outer casing 1 to form a hanging loop 11 for hooking 45 connection; the inside of the casing 1 is also A button member is attached for locking or unlocking the ratchet 10, and the button member includes an operating lever 20 and a locking lever 21, wherein a central portion of the locking lever 21 is rotatably coupled to the housing 1 by a coil spring 25, the first end of the locking lever 21 A locking pawl 29 is engageable with a single tooth of the ratchet 10 to limit rotation of the ratchet 10; the operating lever 20 is located on the other side of the locking lever 21 with respect to the ratchet 10, the middle portion of which is rotatably coupled to the outer casing 1, Both ends of
- the first protruding portion 32 is not in contact with the locking lever 21, and the second protruding portion 31 is abutted against the second end of the locking lever 21, and the locking lever 21 can be rotated within a certain range.
- the locking pawl 29 is movably engaged with the ratchet 10, and the ratchet 10 can be rotated in the tightening direction of the leash 3, and cannot be rotated in the pulling direction of the leash 3, that is, the ratchet 10 is partially locked;
- the leash 3 when the snow chain is installed, the leash 3 needs to be pulled outward to enlarge the circumference of the outer chain 42. Specifically, the second end of the operating rod 20 is pressed, and the second protrusion 31 is directed. The second end of the lock lever 21 applies pressure, and the lock lever 21 rotates accordingly, so that the pawl 29 at the first end of the lock lever 21 is disengaged from the ratchet 10, and the pawl 29 is no longer engaged with the ratchet 10, in the pull-out direction. Pulling the leash 3 pulls the leash 3 out of the outer casing 1. At this time, the ratchet 10 can be rotated in the tightening direction of the leash 3 or in the pulling direction of the leash 3, that is, the ratchet 10 is completely unlocked;
- the position of the leash 3 needs to be fixed, specifically: the first end of the operating rod 20 is pressed, and the first protrusion 32 is applied to the first end of the locking rod 21.
- the lock lever 21 is rotated accordingly, so that the pawl 29 at the first end of the lock lever 21 is fixedly engaged with the ratchet 10, and the ratchet 10 cannot be rotated any more, that is, the ratchet 10 is completely locked.
- a disadvantage of the above solution is that, in a state where the ratchet 10 of the clamping device is completely unlocked, when the user suddenly loses control of the leash 3, the leash 3 will immediately follow the tightening direction under the action of the pretensioning coil spring 12. Re-winding into the ratchet 10 makes it difficult to install the snow chains.
- the problem solved by the present invention is that in the prior art, the clamping device of the snow chain is easy to rewind into the outer casing when the pull rope is pulled out for installation.
- the present invention provides a snow chain self-tightening device, comprising:
- a spool coupled to the base, the spool having first and second ratchets axially aligned along the spool, the first ratchet and the second ratchet being oriented along The circumferential direction of the reel is opposite;
- control portion including a first pawl and a second pawl, the first pawl and the second pawl facing in a circumferential direction of the spool;
- the first pawl is movable to engage with the first ratchet or to move out of engagement with the first ratchet;
- the second pawl is movable to engage the second ratchet or to move out of engagement with the second ratchet;
- the second pawl When the first pawl is engaged with the first ratchet, the second pawl does not mesh with the second ratchet;
- the second pawl engages with the second ratchet when the first pawl is not engaged with the first ratchet.
- the first pawl is rotatably connected to the base;
- the first pawl can be rotated into engagement with the first ratchet or rotated to not engage the first ratchet.
- the second pawl is rotatably connected to the base
- the second pawl can be rotated into engagement with the second ratchet or rotated to not engage the second ratchet.
- control portion further includes a rotatable operating member, and the operating member is formed with a first protrusion and a second protrusion;
- the first protrusion is located on the other side of the first pawl with respect to the first ratchet, and the first protrusion is in sliding contact with the first pawl as the operating member rotates. Driving the rotation of the first pawl by sliding of the first protrusion;
- the second protrusion is located on the other side of the second pawl with respect to the second ratchet, and the second protrusion is in sliding contact with the second pawl as the operating member rotates. The rotation of the second pawl is pushed by the sliding of the second projection.
- control portion further includes a first elastic member, one end of the first elastic member is disposed on the first pawl, and the other end is disposed on the base;
- the first elastic member is elastically loaded as the first pawl rotates.
- control portion further includes a second elastic member, one end of the second elastic member is disposed on the second pawl, and the other end is disposed on the base;
- the second elastic member is elastically loaded as the second pawl rotates.
- the first elastic member is a torsion spring, and the two torsion ends of the torsion spring are respectively disposed on the first pawl and the base.
- the second elastic member is a torsion spring, and the two torsion ends of the torsion spring are respectively disposed on the second pawl and the base.
- control portion further includes a handle, and the handle is coupled to the operating member and rotates synchronously with the operating member.
- first pawl and the second pawl are disposed independently of each other; or
- the first pawl and the second pawl are fixedly coupled to each other by a connecting member, the connecting member being capable of rotating by:
- the first pawl is engaged with the first ratchet, and the second pawl is not engaged with the second ratchet;
- the second pawl engages the second ratchet and the first pawl does not mesh with the first ratchet.
- a third elastic member is further included, and one end of the third elastic member is fixed, and the other end is connected to the reel, and the third elastic member is elastically loaded as the reel rotates.
- the third elastic member is a coil spring coaxially sleeved in the reel, the inner end of the coil spring is fixed, and the outer torque end is connected to the reel.
- the reel has a first ratchet, and the first ratchet is a ratchet in the first ratchet;
- the first ratchet is located on a circumferential surface or an end surface of the reel.
- the reel has a second ratchet, and the second ratchet is a ratchet in the second ratchet;
- the second ratchet is located on a circumferential surface or an end surface of the reel.
- the housing further includes a cavity formed with a cavity formed on an inner wall of the outer casing, the reel being located within a cavity of the outer casing.
- a leash is further disposed on the reel, and one end of the leash protrudes from the outer casing.
- the present invention also provides a snow chain comprising the snow chain self-tightening device according to any of the above.
- the first ratchet is in meshing engagement with the first pawl, the second ratchet and the second pawl, so that the spool can only rotate in one direction regardless of the state, thereby ensuring the rope when the spool is rotated in the pull-out direction. Can be pulled out but can not be retracted.
- the reel rotates in the retracting direction of the leash, the leash can be retracted but cannot be pulled out, preventing the rope from being automatically lost when the user suddenly loses control of the leash when the snow chain is installed. Roll back on the reel.
- first pawl and the second pawl are collectively controlled by the operating member, and alternately act on the reel as the rotational movement of the operating member, the structure is simple, and the operation is convenient.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the assembly of a snow chain in the prior art when mounted on a wheel;
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view 1 of the prior art snow chain clamping device, wherein the ratchet is in a partially locked state;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view 2 of the prior art anti-skid chain clamping device, wherein the ratchet is in a completely unlocked state;
- Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view 3 of the prior art anti-skid chain clamping device, wherein the ratchet is in a fully locked state;
- Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of the self-tightening device of the anti-skid chain according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the anti-skid chain self-tightening device in the radial direction of the reel in the embodiment of the present invention.
- An embodiment of the present invention provides a snow chain self-tightening device. Referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the method includes:
- a reel 200 located in the cavity of the outer casing 100, and connected to the base 110;
- the reel 200 has a first ratchet 210 thereon, and a first ratchet 211 is formed on the first ratchet 210;
- the reel 200 further has a second ratchet 220, and a second ratchet 220 is formed on the second ratchet 220;
- the first ratchet 210 and the second ratchet 220 are arranged along the axial direction of the reel 200, and the orientations of the first ratchet 211 and the second ratchet 222 are relatively circumferential along the reel 200 ;
- the control unit 300 is configured to control the rotation direction of the reel 200, and the control unit 300 includes a first pawl 311 and a second pawl 312, and the orientation of the first pawl 311 and the second pawl 312 along the reel 200 Circumferential
- the first pawl 311 is movable to mesh with a first ratchet 211 of the first ratchet 210 or to be in non-engagement with the first ratchet 211;
- the second pawl 312 is movable to engage with a second ratchet 222 of the second ratchet 220 or to be in non-engagement with the second ratchet 222;
- the second pawl 312 When the first pawl 311 is engaged with the first ratchet 211, the second pawl 312 does not mesh with the second ratchet 222; the first pawl 311 and the first ratchet The second pawl 312 is engaged with the second ratchet 222 when the 211 is not engaged. That is, the first pawl 311 is interlaced with the first ratchet 211, the second pawl 312, and the second ratchet 222.
- first ratchet 210 and the second ratchet 220 are formed on the circumferential surface of the reel 200. In other embodiments, at least one of the first ratchet 210 and the second ratchet 220 may also be formed on the end face of the spool 200.
- the first pawl 311 and the second pawl 312 are respectively rotatably connected to the base 110;
- the first pawl 311 can be rotated to mesh with a first ratchet 211 of the first ratchet 210 or rotated to not engage the first ratchet 211;
- the second pawl 312 can be rotated into engagement with a second ratchet 222 of the second ratchet 220 or rotated to not engage the second ratchet 222.
- first pawl 311 and the second pawl 312 each have a first end that meshes with the first ratchet 211 and the second ratchet 222, respectively, and a second end that is opposite to the first end. .
- connection positions of the first pawl 311 and the second pawl 312 and the base 110 are respectively located between the two ends of the first pawl 311 and the second pawl 312; for clarity,
- the first end of the first pawl 311 is defined as 311a, the second end is 311b; the first end of the second pawl 312 is 312a, and the second end is 312b; in this embodiment, the first spine
- the claw 311 and the second pawl 312 are connected to the base 110 by a connecting pin: a first connecting pin 311c is formed between both ends of the first pawl 311, and the first pawl 311 is rotated by the first connecting pin 311c.
- the second connecting pin 312c is formed between the two ends of the second pawl 312.
- the second pawl 312 rotates with the second connecting pin 312c as a center of rotation; the first connecting pin 311c and the second connecting pin 312c respectively a pin hole connection formed at a corresponding position of the base 110;
- the control portion 300 further includes a rotatable operating member 320 for controlling the rotation of the first pawl 311 and the second pawl 312.
- the operating member 320 is formed with a first protrusion 321 and a second protrusion 322;
- the first protrusion 321 is located on the other side of the first pawl 311 with respect to the first ratchet 211, and is in sliding contact with the first pawl 311, and the first protrusion 321 is along with the The rotation of the operating rod 320 slides between the center of rotation of the first pawl 311 and the second end 311b; wherein the contact surface of the first pawl 311 in contact with the first protrusion 321 is a plane through the first protrusion The sliding of 321 pushes the rotation of the first pawl 311;
- the second protrusion 322 is located on the other side of the second pawl 312 with respect to the second ratchet 222, in sliding contact with the second pawl 312, and the second protrusion 322 is associated with the second protrusion 322
- the rotation of the operating lever 320 slides between the center of rotation of the second pawl 312 and the second end 312b; wherein the contact surface of the first pawl 312 in contact with the first projection 322 is a plane through the second projection
- the sliding of 322 pushes the rotation of the second pawl 312.
- connection position of the first pawl 211 and the second pawl 222 to the base 110 may not be in the middle, as long as the sliding surface that ensures sliding contact with the operating member 320 is flat.
- first pawl 311 and the second pawl 312 are separate components that are disposed separately from each other.
- the first pawl 311 and the second pawl 312 can be fixedly connected to each other through a connecting member. Rotating the first pawl 311 and the second pawl 312 by rotation of the connecting member, the connecting member being rotatable such that the first pawl 311 is engaged with the first ratchet 211, and The second pawl 312 does not mesh with the second ratchet 222; or the second pawl 312 is engaged with the second ratchet 222, and the first pawl 311 and the first spine The teeth 211 are not engaged.
- control portion 300 further includes a first elastic member 331 and a second elastic member 332;
- the first elastic member 331 is a torsion spring, and is sleeved on the first fixing shaft 111 formed on the base 110, and is disposed on the first pawl 311 and the base 110 through two torsion ends respectively.
- the arrangement of the first fixing shaft 111 is substantially parallel to the rotation axis of the first pawl 311, and the first elastic member 331 follows the first pawl. The rotation is loaded elastically.
- the first pawl 311 is rotated by the external force provided by the operating member 320, so that the first elastic member 331 is elastically loaded, and when the first pawl 311 loses an external force, the first elastic member 331 provides the first pawl 311.
- the restoring force causes the first pawl 311 to rotate in the opposite direction.
- the second elastic member 332 is a torsion spring, and is sleeved on the second fixing shaft 112 formed on the base 110, and is respectively connected to the second pawl 312 and the base 110 through two torsion ends.
- the axial direction of the second fixed shaft 112 is parallel to the rotation axis of the second pawl 312, and the second elastic member 332 is elastically loaded as the second pawl 312 rotates.
- the second pawl 312 rotates under the external force provided by the operating member 320, so that the second elastic member 332 is elastically loaded, and when the second pawl 312 loses the external force, the second elastic member 332 provides the second pawl 312.
- the restoring force causes the second pawl 312 to rotate in the opposite direction.
- the first elastic member 331 and the second elastic member 332 are not limited to the torsion spring, and may be other elastic members such as a leaf spring, for example, when the first elastic member 331 and the second elastic member 332 are leaf springs.
- the first fixed shaft 111 and the second fixed shaft 112 are not required to be separately disposed on the base 110, and only one of the following conditions is required: one end of the first elastic member 331 is connected to the first pawl 311. The other end is connected to the base 110; one end of the second elastic member 332 is connected to the second pawl 312, and the other end is connected to the base 110.
- control portion 300 further includes a handle 340, the handle 340 It is connected to the operating member 320 and rotates in synchronization with the operating member 320.
- One end of the handle 340 protrudes from the outer casing 100, and the user operates the handle 340 to realize the operation of the operating lever 320.
- the first protrusion 321 is always in contact with the first pawl 311 and is slidable along the first pawl 311, and the second protrusion 322 is always in contact with the second pawl 312 and is slidable along the second pawl 312.
- the operating member 320 controls the states of the first pawl 311 and the second pawl 312 through the first protrusion 321 and the second protrusion 322.
- the first pawl 311 is engaged with the first ratchet 211 and the second pawl 312 is engaged with the second ratchet 222 when the external force is not applied by the operating member 320.
- the direction of the forward rotation of the first ratchet 210 is defined as the first direction and the direction opposite to the first direction is the second direction
- the main working principle of the self-tightening device in this embodiment is as follows:
- Rotating the handle 340 causes the operating lever 320 to rotate such that the first projection 321 slides closer to the rotation center 311c of the first pawl 311 while the second projection 322 slides closer to the second end of the second pawl 312 312b.
- the first protrusion 311 has no force on the first pawl 311, and the first pawl 311 is engaged with the first ratchet 211; the second protrusion 322 applies a force to the second pawl 312, and then the second The pawl 312 rotates to disengage from the second ratchet 222, and the second elastic member 332 is elastically loaded.
- the reverse rotation of the first ratchet 210 is locked.
- the reel 200 can only rotate in the first direction and cannot rotate in the second direction.
- the first protrusion 311 applies a force to the first pawl 311, and then the first pawl 311 rotates, disengages from the first ratchet 211, and the first elastic member 331 is elastically loaded; the second protrusion 322 When the second pawl 312 has no force, the second pawl 312 is reversely rotated by the restoring force of the second elastic member 332 to mesh with the second ratchet 222.
- the reel 200 can only rotate in the second direction and cannot rotate in the first direction. It can be seen that since the first ratchet 211 is interlaced with the first pawl 311, the second ratchet 222 and the second pawl 312, the reel 200 can only rotate in one direction regardless of the state; and the first pawl 311
- the second pawl 312 is uniformly controlled by the operating member 320, and alternately acts on the reel 200 with the rotational movement of the operating member 320, and has a simple structure and convenient operation.
- the base 110 is formed with a third fixed shaft 113.
- the axial direction of the third fixed shaft 113 is substantially parallel to the axial direction of the reel 200, and the reel 200 is coaxial. Nested outside the third fixed shaft 113;
- the third elastic member 213 is further included as a coil spring coaxially sleeved between the third fixed shaft 113 and the reel 200, and the coil spring The inner torsion end is coupled to the third fixed shaft 113, and the outer torsion end is coupled to the reel 200, and the coil spring is elastically loaded as the reel 200 rotates.
- the third elastic member 213 is not limited to the coil spring, but it must be satisfied that the third elastic member 213 can be preloaded as the reel 200 rotates to provide a restoring force to the reel 200.
- the anti-skid chain self-tightening device in this embodiment further includes a leash 400, one end of the leash 400 extends out of the outer casing 100, and the other end is connected to the reel 200, and can pass through a reel The rotation of 200 is pulled out of the outer casing 100 or wound on the reel 200.
- the coil spring is elastically loaded under the pulling force of the tether 400 to provide a restoring force for the rotation of the reel 200 in the reverse direction.
- the leash 400 can be pulled out but cannot be retracted, at which time the coil spring is elastically loaded; when the reel 200 is rotatable in the retracting direction of the leash 400, The reel 200 is rotatable under the restoring force of the coil spring, and no external force is required. At this time, the leash 400 is retracted and re-rolled on the reel 200, but cannot be pulled out. This can prevent the user from suddenly losing control of the leash 400 when installing the snow chain. When the system is manufactured, the leash 400 is automatically retracted onto the reel 200.
- the outer casing 100 includes an upper casing 101 and a lower casing 102.
- the upper casing 101 and the lower casing 102 are connected by a bolt assembly 103 formed on an inner wall of the lower casing 102.
- the outer casing 100 is provided with a through hole 120, and a guiding member 130 is disposed on the through hole 120.
- the guiding member 130 has an inner cavity connecting the outer casing 100 and an outer guiding passage 131 through which the pulling rope 400 passes.
- the passage 131 extends out of the outer casing 100.
- the guide member 130 may be a guide nozzle or a guide groove.
- a guide nozzle is used as the guide member 130, as shown in FIG.
- first ratchet 210 and the second ratchet 220 may also be replaced by at least one ratchet, or may be disposed such that the reel 200 has an axial arrangement along the reel 200.
- the first ratchet 211 and the second ratchet 222 where neither the first ratchet 211 nor the second ratchet 222 form a ratchet as long as the orientation of the first ratchet 211 and the second ratchet 222 is satisfied along the reel 200
- the circumferential direction of the invention can achieve the object of the present invention.
- the first ratchet 211 and the second ratchet 222 may be formed on a circumferential surface of the reel 200 or may be formed on an end surface of the reel 200.
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides a snow chain, comprising the snow chain self-tightening device according to any one of the above.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Storing, Repeated Paying-Out, And Re-Storing Of Elongated Articles (AREA)
- Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
Abstract
一种防滑链及防滑链自紧装置，该防滑链自紧装置包括：基座（110）和连接于基座（110）的卷轴（200），卷轴（200）上具有沿轴向排列且沿卷轴（200）的周向相对的第一棘齿（211）和第二棘齿（222）；控制部（300），包括第一棘爪（311）和第二棘爪（312）；第一棘爪（311）能够运动至与第一棘齿（211）啮合或不啮合；第二棘爪（312）能够运动至与第二棘齿（222）啮合或不啮合；第一棘爪（311）与第一棘齿（211）啮合时，第二棘爪（312）与第二棘齿（222）不啮合，第一棘爪（311）与第一棘齿（211）不啮合时，第二棘爪（312）与第二棘齿（222）啮合。卷轴（200）只能单向转动，从而保证当卷轴（200）沿牵绳（400）拉出方向转动时牵绳（400）可拉出但不能缩回，当卷轴（200）沿牵绳（400）缩回方向转动时牵绳（400）可缩回但不能拉出，防止在进行防滑链的安装时由于用户突然失去对牵绳（400）的控制时，牵绳（400）自动卷回卷轴（200）上。
Description
本申请要求2014年5月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410211149.4、发明名称为“防滑链自紧装置、防滑链”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本发明涉及车辆领域，具体涉及一种用于车轮的防滑链自紧装置、防滑链。
当车辆在冬季尤其是北方的冰雪气候中行驶时，由于路面覆盖有冰层或积雪层，轮胎与地面之间的摩擦力大大减小，容易造成车轮打滑而发生事故。为了避免此类事故，许多车辆都采用在车轮的轮胎外部安装防滑链(antiskid chain)来增大轮胎面与地面之间的摩擦力，以提升车辆行驶的安全系数。
如图1所示，防滑链L包括包裹于车轮的轮胎40外周面的横向链44和与横向链连接的外链42，外链42用于将横向链44紧固于轮胎40的外周面；外链42在周向上具有至少一对相对的端部，每对端部中，一个端部上连接有一夹紧装置T，另一个端上连接有挂钩45，夹紧装置T包括外壳1和卷设于外壳中的牵绳3，外壳1与外链42的一端部连接，牵绳3可从外壳1中拉出并与挂钩45连接；夹紧装置T通过调节牵绳3伸出外壳的长度来调节外链42的周长，当夹紧装置T收紧牵绳3时，外链42由于周长减小而随之收紧，横向链44可紧固与轮胎40的周面上。
公开号为US6213421B1的美国专利申请公开了一种防滑链的夹紧装置，参照图1并结合图2-4，该夹紧装置的外壳1内部形成有轴销15，棘轮10通过预紧螺旋弹簧12套设于轴销15上；钢丝绳3卷设于棘轮10上，可沿形成于外壳1上的导向槽5伸出外壳1，其伸出外壳1的一端形成挂环11，用于与挂钩45连接；外壳1内部上还
连接有按钮部件，用于将棘轮10锁定或解锁，按钮部件包括操作杆20和锁定杆21，其中锁定杆21的中部通过螺旋弹簧25可转动地连接于外壳1，锁定杆21的第一端具有锁爪29，该锁爪29可与棘轮10的单个齿啮合以限制棘轮10的转动；操作杆20位于锁定杆21相对于棘轮10的另一侧，其中部可转动地连接于外壳1，操作杆20的两端分别形成有朝向锁定杆21的第一突出部32和第二突出部31。
参照图2，当夹紧装置处于初始状态时，第一突出部32与锁定杆21不接触，第二突出部31抵设于锁定杆21的第二端，锁定杆21可在一定范围内转动，此时锁爪29与棘轮10可活动地啮合，棘轮10可以沿牵绳3的收紧方向转动，而不能沿牵绳3的拉出方向转动，也就是说棘轮10被部分锁定；
参照图3，在进行防滑链的安装时，需要将牵绳3向外拉出以扩大外链42的周长，具体为：将操作杆20的第二端按下，第二突出部31向锁定杆21的第二端施加压力，锁定杆21随之发生转动，使得位于锁定杆21第一端的锁爪29脱离棘轮10，此时锁爪29与棘轮10不再啮合，沿拉出方向拉动牵绳3即可将牵绳3拉出外壳1。此时，棘轮10既可以沿牵绳3的收紧方向转动，也可以沿牵绳3的拉出方向转动，也就是说棘轮10被完全解锁；
参照图4，当防滑链已经完成安装后，需要将牵绳3的位置进行固定，具体为：将操作杆20的第一端按下，第一突出部32向锁定杆21的第一端施加压力，锁定杆21随之发生转动，使得位于锁定杆21第一端的锁爪29与棘轮10固定啮合，棘轮10不能发生任何转动，也就是说棘轮10被完全锁定。
上述方案的缺陷在于，在夹紧装置的棘轮10被完全解锁的状态下，当用户突然失去对牵绳3的控制时，牵绳3在预紧螺旋弹簧12的作用下将立即沿收紧方向重新卷入棘轮10中，给防滑链的安装带来困难。
发明内容
本发明解决的问题是现有技术中防滑链的夹紧装置在拉出牵绳进行安装时，牵绳容易重新卷回外壳内。
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种防滑链自紧装置，包括：
基座；
卷轴，连接于所述基座，所述卷轴上具有沿所述卷轴轴向排列的第一棘齿和第二棘齿，所述第一棘齿和所述第二棘齿的朝向沿所述卷轴的周向相对；
控制部，包括第一棘爪和第二棘爪，所述第一棘爪和第二棘爪的朝向沿所述卷轴的周向相对；
所述第一棘爪能够运动至与所述第一棘齿啮合，或者运动至与所述第一棘齿不啮合；
所述第二棘爪能够运动至与所述第二棘齿啮合，或者运动至与所述第二棘齿不啮合；
所述第一棘爪与所述第一棘齿啮合时，所述第二棘爪与所述第二棘齿不啮合；
所述第一棘爪与所述第一棘齿不啮合时，所述第二棘爪与所述第二棘齿啮合。
可选的，所述第一棘爪与所述基座转动连接；
所述第一棘爪能够转动至与所述第一棘齿啮合，或者转动至与所述第一棘齿不啮合。
可选的，所述第二棘爪与所述基座转动连接；
所述第二棘爪能够转动至与所述第二棘齿啮合，或者转动至与所述第二棘齿不啮合。
可选的，所述控制部还包括可转动的操作件，所述操作件上形成有第一突块和第二突块；
所述第一突块位于所述第一棘爪相对于所述第一棘齿的另一侧，所述第一突块随着所述操作件的转动与所述第一棘爪滑动接触，通过第一突块的滑动推动第一棘爪的转动；
所述第二突块位于所述第二棘爪相对于所述第二棘齿的另一侧，所述第二突块随着所述操作件的转动与所述第二棘爪滑动接触，通过第二突块的滑动推动第二棘爪的转动。
可选的，所述控制部还包括第一弹性件，所述第一弹性件的一端设于所述第一棘爪上，另一端设于所述基座上；
第一弹性件随着第一棘爪的转动被弹性加载。
可选的，所述控制部还包括第二弹性件，所述第二弹性件的一端设于所述第二棘爪上，另一端设于所述基座上；
第二弹性件随着第二棘爪的转动被弹性加载。
可选的，所述第一弹性件为扭簧，所述扭簧的两个扭力端分别设于所述第一棘爪和所述基座上。
可选的，所述第二弹性件为扭簧，所述扭簧的两个扭力端分别设于所述第二棘爪和所述基座上。
可选的，所述控制部还包括手柄，所述手柄与所述操作件连接并与所述操作件同步转动。
可选的，所述第一棘爪和所述第二棘爪独立于彼此设置；或者
第一棘爪和第二棘爪通过连接件彼此固定连接，所述连接件能够通过转动使得：
所述第一棘爪与所述第一棘齿啮合，且所述第二棘爪与所述第二棘齿不啮合；或者，
所述第二棘爪与所述第二棘齿啮合，且所述第一棘爪与所述第一棘齿不啮合。
可选的，还包括第三弹性件，所述第三弹性件的一端固定，另一端与所述卷轴连接，所述第三弹性件随着卷轴的转动被弹性加载。
可选的，所述第三弹性件为卷簧，同轴套设于所述卷轴内，所述卷簧的内扭力端固定，外扭力端与所述卷轴连接。
可选的，所述卷轴上具有第一棘轮，所述第一棘齿为第一棘轮中的棘齿；
所述第一棘轮位于所述卷轴的周面或端面上。
可选的，所述卷轴上具有第二棘轮，所述第二棘齿为第二棘轮中的棘齿；
所述第二棘轮位于所述卷轴周面或端面上。
可选的，还包括外壳，所述外壳形成有空腔，所述基座形成于所述外壳的内壁上，所述卷轴位于所述外壳的空腔内。
可选的，还包括牵绳，卷设于所述卷轴上，所述牵绳的一端伸出所述外壳。
本发明还提供一种防滑链，其包括上述任一项所述的防滑链自紧装置。
与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案具有以下优点：
第一棘齿与第一棘爪、第二棘齿与第二棘爪交错啮合，使得卷轴不管在什么状态下都只能单向转动，从而保证当卷轴沿牵绳拉出方向转动时牵绳可拉出但不能缩回，当卷轴沿牵绳缩回方向转动时牵绳可缩回但不能拉出，防止在进行防滑链的安装时由于用户突然失去对牵绳的控制时，牵绳自动卷回卷轴上。
进一步，第一棘爪和第二棘爪由操作件统一控制，随着操作件的转动运动交替地作用于卷轴，结构简单，操作方便。
图1是现有技术中防滑链安装于车轮上时的装配示意图；
图2是现有技术中防滑链夹紧装置的剖面示意图一，其中棘轮处于部分锁定状态；
图3是现有技术中防滑链夹紧装置的剖面示意图二，其中棘轮处于完全解锁状态；
图4是现有技术中防滑链夹紧装置的剖面示意图三，其中棘轮处于完全锁定状态；
图5是本发明实施例中防滑链自紧装置的立体分解图；
图6是本发明实施例中防滑链自紧装置沿卷轴径向方向的剖面示意图。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例做详细的说明。
本发明实施例提供一种防滑链自紧装置，参照图5、图6，包括：
外壳100，所述外壳100内形成有空腔；
基座110，形成于所述外壳100的内壁上；
卷轴200，位于所述外壳100的空腔内，且连接于所述基座110；
所述卷轴200上具有第一棘轮210，所述第一棘轮210上形成有第一棘齿211；
所述卷轴200上还具有第二棘轮220，第二棘轮220上形成有第二棘齿222；
所述第一棘轮210和所述第二棘轮220沿所述卷轴200的轴向排列，且所述第一棘齿211和所述第二棘齿222的朝向沿所述卷轴200的周向相对；
控制部300，用于控制卷轴200的转动方向，控制部300包括第一棘爪311和第二棘爪312，所述第一棘爪311和第二棘爪312的朝向沿所述卷轴200的周向相对；
所述第一棘爪311能够运动至与所述第一棘轮210的一个第一棘齿211啮合，或者运动至与所述第一棘齿211不啮合；
所述第二棘爪312能够运动至与所述第二棘轮220的一个第二棘齿222啮合，或者运动至与所述第二棘齿222不啮合；
所述第一棘爪311与所述第一棘齿211啮合时，所述第二棘爪312与所述第二棘齿222不啮合；所述第一棘爪311与所述第一棘齿211不啮合时，所述第二棘爪312与所述第二棘齿222啮合。也就是说，所述第一棘爪311与所述第一棘齿211、第二棘爪312与所述第二棘齿222交错啮合。
在本实施例中，第一棘轮210和第二棘轮220形成于所述卷轴200的周面上。在其他实施例中，也可以使第一棘轮210和所述第二棘轮220中的至少一个形成于卷轴200的端面上。
继续参照图5并结合图6，在本实施例中，所述第一棘爪311与所述第二棘爪312分别与所述基座110转动连接；
所述第一棘爪311能够转动至与所述第一棘轮210的一个第一棘齿211啮合，或者转动至与所述第一棘齿211不啮合；
所述第二棘爪312能够转动至与所述第二棘轮220的一个第二棘齿222啮合，或者转动至与所述第二棘齿222不啮合。
具体地，所述第一棘爪311、第二棘爪312均具有分别与所述第一棘齿211、第二棘齿222啮合的第一端和相对于所述第一端的第二端。本实施例中，所述第一棘爪311、第二棘爪312与所述基座110的连接位置分别位于第一棘爪311、第二棘爪312的两端之间；为清楚说明，定义第一棘爪311的第一端为311a，第二端为311b；第二棘爪312的第一端为312a，第二端为312b；在本实施例中，第一棘
爪311和第二棘爪312与基座110之间通过连接销连接：第一棘爪311的两端之间形成有第一连接销311c，第一棘爪311以第一连接销311c为转动中心转动；第二棘爪312的两端之间形成有第二连接销312c，第二棘爪312以第二连接销312c为转动中心转动；第一连接销311c、第二连接销312c分别与形成于基座110相应位置上的销孔连接；
控制部300还包括可转动的操作件320，操作件320用于控制第一棘爪311和第二棘爪312的转动。所述操作件320上形成有第一突块321和第二突块322；
所述第一突块321位于所述第一棘爪311相对于所述第一棘齿211的另一侧，与所述第一棘爪311滑动接触，所述第一突块321随所述操作杆320的转动在所述第一棘爪311的转动中心和第二端311b之间滑动；其中，第一棘爪311与第一突块321接触的接触面为平面，通过第一突块321的滑动推动第一棘爪311的转动；
所述第二突块322位于所述第二棘爪312相对于所述第二棘齿222的另一侧，与所述第二棘爪312滑动接触，所述第二突块322随所述操作杆320的转动在所述第二棘爪312的转动中心和第二端312b之间滑动；其中，第一棘爪312与第一突块322接触的接触面为平面，通过第二突块322的滑动推动第二棘爪312的转动。
在其他实施例中，第一棘爪211和第二棘爪222与基座110的连接位置也可以不在中部，只要保证其与操作件320之间滑动接触的滑动面为平面即可。
本实施例中，第一棘爪311和第二棘爪312为相互分离，彼此独立设置的部件，在其他实施例中，第一棘爪311和第二棘爪312可以通过连接件彼此固定连接，通过连接件的转动来带动第一棘爪311和第二棘爪312的转动，所述连接件能够通过转动使得：所述第一棘爪311与所述第一棘齿211啮合，且所述第二棘爪312与所述第二棘齿222不啮合；或者，所述第二棘爪312与所述第二棘齿222啮合，且所述第一棘爪311与所述第一棘齿211不啮合。
进一步地，所述控制部300还包括第一弹性件331和第二弹性件332；
所述第一弹性件331为扭簧，套设于形成于所述基座110的第一固定轴111，且通过两个扭力端分别设于所述第一棘爪311和所述基座110上，其设置方式可以采用抵设的方式或连接的方式；所述第一固定轴111的轴向与所述第一棘爪311的转轴基本平行，第一弹性件331随着第一棘爪的转动被弹性加载。
第一棘爪311在操作件320提供的外力作用下发生转动，使得第一弹性件331被弹性加载，当第一棘爪311失去外力作用时，第一弹性件331为第一棘爪311提供回复力，促使第一棘爪311往反方向转动。
所述第二弹性件332为扭簧，套设于形成于所述基座110的第二固定轴112，且通过两个扭力端分别与所述第二棘爪312和所述基座110连接，所述第二固定轴112的轴向与所述第二棘爪312的转轴平行，第二弹性件332随着第二棘爪312的转动被弹性加载。
第二棘爪312在操作件320提供的外力作用下发生转动，使得第二弹性件332被弹性加载，当第二棘爪312失去外力作用时，第二弹性件332为第二棘爪312提供回复力，促使第二棘爪312往反方向转动。
在其他实施例中，所述第一弹性件331和第二弹性件332不限于扭簧，也可以是片簧等其他弹性件，例如当第一弹性件331和第二弹性件332为片簧时，则不需要在基座110上另外设置第一固定轴111和第二固定轴112，只需要满足下列条件即可：所述第一弹性件331的一端与所述第一棘爪311连接，另一端与所述基座110连接；所述第二弹性件332的一端与所述第二棘爪312连接，另一端与所述基座110连接。
继续参照图5，所述控制部300还包括手柄340，所述手柄340
与所述操作件320连接并与所述操作件320同步转动。其中手柄340的一端伸出外壳100，用户通过操作手柄340来实现对操作杆320的操作。
如上所述，第一突块321与第一棘爪311始终接触并可沿第一棘爪311滑动，第二突块322与第二棘爪312始终接触并可沿第二棘爪312滑动，所述操作件320通过第一突块321和第二突块322来控制第一棘爪311、第二棘爪312的状态。
本实施例中，设置：当不受操作件320施加的外力时，第一棘爪311与第一棘齿211啮合，第二棘爪312与第二棘齿222啮合。如果定义沿第一棘轮210的正向转动方向为第一方向，与第一方向相反的方向为第二方向，则本实施例中自紧装置的主要工作原理如下：
(1)转动手柄340使操作杆320转动，使得第一突块321滑动至靠近第一棘爪311的转动中心311c，同时，第二突块322滑动至靠近第二棘爪312的第二端312b。
此时，第一突块311对第一棘爪311无作用力，则第一棘爪311与第一棘齿211啮合；第二突块322对第二棘爪312施加作用力，则第二棘爪312发生转动，与第二棘齿222脱离啮合，第二弹性件332被弹性加载。
第一棘轮210的反向转动被锁止。
由此，卷轴200只能沿第一方向转动，不能沿第二方向转动。
(2)反向转动手柄340使操作杆320反向转动，使得第一突块321滑动至靠近第一棘爪311的第二端311b，同时，第二突块322滑动至靠近第二棘爪312的转动中心312c。
此时，第一突块311对第一棘爪311施加作用力，则第一棘爪311发生转动，与第一棘齿211脱离啮合，第一弹性件331被弹性加载；第二突块322对第二棘爪312无作用力，则第二棘爪312在第二弹性件332的回复力作用下反向转动至与第二棘齿222啮合。
第二棘轮220的反向转动被锁止。
由此，卷轴200只能沿第二方向转动，不能沿第一方向转动。可见，由于第一棘齿211与第一棘爪311、第二棘齿222与第二棘爪312交错啮合，使得卷轴200不管在什么状态下都只能单向转动；且第一棘爪311和第二棘爪312由操作件320统一控制，随着操作件320的转动运动交替地作用于卷轴200，结构简单，操作方便。
进一步地，继续参照图5、图6，所述基座110上形成有第三固定轴113，第三固定轴113的轴向与所述卷轴200的轴向基本平行，所述卷轴200同轴套设于所述第三固定轴113外；
在本实施例中，还包括第三弹性件213，所述第三弹性件213为卷簧，同轴套设于所述第三固定轴113和所述卷轴200之间，所述卷簧的内扭力端连接于所述第三固定轴113，外扭力端连接于所述卷轴200，所述卷簧随着卷轴200的转动被弹性加载。
在其他实施例中，所述第三弹性件213也不仅限于卷簧，但须满足：第三弹性件213能够随着卷轴200的转动时进行预加载，为卷轴200提供回复力。
继续参照图5、图6，本实施例中的防滑链自紧装置还包括牵绳400，所述牵绳400的一端伸出所述外壳100，另一端连接于所述卷轴200，可通过卷轴200的转动拉出外壳100，或者卷设于所述卷轴200上。当牵绳400沿伸出外壳100的方向拉出时，卷簧在牵绳400的拉力作用下被弹性加载，为卷轴200沿反方向的转动提供回复力。
由于卷轴200不管在什么状态下都只能单向转动，那么：
使用时，当卷轴200可沿牵绳400拉出方向转动时，牵绳400可拉出但不能缩回，此时卷簧被弹性加载；当卷轴200可沿牵绳400缩回方向转动时，卷轴200可在卷簧的回复力作用下转动，不需要外力作用，此时牵绳400缩回并重新卷设于卷轴200上，但不能拉出。这可以防止在进行防滑链的安装时由于用户突然失去对牵绳400的控
制时，牵绳400自动卷回卷轴200上。
本实施例中，外壳100包括上壳体101和下壳体102，上壳体101和下壳体102之间通过螺栓组件103连接，基座100形成于下壳体102的内壁上。
所述外壳100上开有通孔120，有一导向件130盖设于所述通孔120上，导向件130具有连通外壳100的内腔以及外部的导向通道131，牵绳400穿过所述导向通道131伸出外壳100。
其中所述导向件130可以是导嘴，也可以是导向槽等，本实施例中采用导嘴作为导向件130，参照图5所示。
需要注意的是，在其他实施例中，第一棘轮210和第二棘轮220也可以用至少一个棘齿来代替，也可以设置成：所述卷轴200上具有沿所述卷轴200轴向排列的第一棘齿211和第二棘齿222，这里的第一棘齿211和第二棘齿222均不形成棘轮，只要满足第一棘齿211和第二棘齿222的朝向沿所述卷轴200的周向相对就能达到本发明的目的。其中，所述第一棘齿211和所述第二棘齿222可以形成于所述卷轴200的周面上，或者也可以形成于所述卷轴200的端面上。
本发明实施例还提供一种防滑链，其包括上述任一项所述的防滑链自紧装置。
虽然本发明披露如上，但本发明并非限定于此。任何本领域技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，均可作各种更动与修改，因此本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。
Claims (17)
- 一种防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，包括：基座；卷轴，连接于所述基座，所述卷轴上具有沿所述卷轴轴向排列的第一棘齿和第二棘齿，所述第一棘齿和所述第二棘齿的朝向沿所述卷轴的周向相对；控制部，包括第一棘爪和第二棘爪，所述第一棘爪和第二棘爪的朝向沿所述卷轴的周向相对；所述第一棘爪能够运动至与所述第一棘齿啮合，或者运动至与所述第一棘齿不啮合；所述第二棘爪能够运动至与所述第二棘齿啮合，或者运动至与所述第二棘齿不啮合；所述第一棘爪与所述第一棘齿啮合时，所述第二棘爪与所述第二棘齿不啮合；所述第一棘爪与所述第一棘齿不啮合时，所述第二棘爪与所述第二棘齿啮合。
- 如权利要求1所述的防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，所述第一棘爪与所述基座转动连接；所述第一棘爪能够转动至与所述第一棘齿啮合，或者转动至与所述第一棘齿不啮合。
- 如权利要求2所述的防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，所述第二棘爪与所述基座转动连接；所述第二棘爪能够转动至与所述第二棘齿啮合，或者转动至与所述第二棘齿不啮合。
- 如权利要求3所述的防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，所述控制部还包括可转动的操作件，所述操作件上形成有第一突块和第二突块；所述第一突块位于所述第一棘爪相对于所述第一棘齿的另一侧，所述第一突块随着所述操作件的转动与所述第一棘爪滑动接触，通过第一突块的滑动推动第一棘爪的转动；所述第二突块位于所述第二棘爪相对于所述第二棘齿的另一侧，所述第二突块随着所述操作件的转动与所述第二棘爪滑动接触，通过第二突块的滑动推动第二棘爪的转动。
- 如权利要求4所述的防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，所述控制部还包括第一弹性件，所述第一弹性件的一端设于所述第一棘爪上，另一端设于所述基座上；第一弹性件随着第一棘爪的转动被弹性加载。
- 如权利要求5所述的防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，所述控制部还包括第二弹性件，所述第二弹性件的一端设于所述第二棘爪上，另一端设于所述基座上；第二弹性件随着第二棘爪的转动被弹性加载。
- 如权利要求5所述的防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，所述第一弹性件为扭簧，所述扭簧的两个扭力端分别设于所述第一棘爪和所述基座上。
- 如权利要求6所述的防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，所述第二弹性件为扭簧，所述扭簧的两个扭力端分别设于所述第二棘爪和所述基座上。
- 如权利要求4所述的防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，所述控制部还包括手柄，所述手柄与所述操作件连接并与所述操作件同步转动。
- 如权利要求1所述的防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，所述第一棘爪和所述第二棘爪独立于彼此设置；或者第一棘爪和第二棘爪通过连接件彼此固定连接，所述连接件能够通过转动使得：所述第一棘爪与所述第一棘齿啮合，且所述第二棘爪与所述第二棘齿不啮合；或者，所述第二棘爪与所述第二棘齿啮合，且所述第一棘爪与所述第一棘齿不啮合。
- 如权利要求1所述的防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，还包括第三弹性件，所述第三弹性件的一端固定，另一端与所述卷轴连接，所述第三弹性件随着卷轴的转动被弹性加载。
- 如权利要求11所述的防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，所述第三弹性件为卷簧，同轴套设于所述卷轴内，所述卷簧的内扭力端固定，外扭力端与所述卷轴连接。
- 如权利要求1所述的防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，所述卷轴上具有第一棘轮，所述第一棘齿为第一棘轮中的棘齿；所述第一棘轮位于所述卷轴的周面或端面上。
- 如权利要求1所述的防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，所述卷轴上具有第二棘轮，所述第二棘齿为第二棘轮中的棘齿；所述第二棘轮位于所述卷轴周面或端面上。
- 如权利要求1-14任一项所述的防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，还包括外壳，所述外壳形成有空腔，所述基座形成于所述外壳的内壁上，所述卷轴位于所述外壳的空腔内。
- 如权利要求15所述的防滑链自紧装置，其特征在于，还包括牵绳，卷设于所述卷轴上，所述牵绳的一端伸出所述外壳。
- 一种防滑链，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-16任一项所述的防滑链自紧装置。
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