WO2015169241A1 - 硫乙拉嗪或其中间体的制备方法 - Google Patents

硫乙拉嗪或其中间体的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2015169241A1
WO2015169241A1 PCT/CN2015/078469 CN2015078469W WO2015169241A1 WO 2015169241 A1 WO2015169241 A1 WO 2015169241A1 CN 2015078469 W CN2015078469 W CN 2015078469W WO 2015169241 A1 WO2015169241 A1 WO 2015169241A1
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sodium
potassium
mercaptan
butyl
reaction
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PCT/CN2015/078469
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French (fr)
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刘正
年亦丰
陈伟铭
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上海特化医药科技有限公司
山东特珐曼药业有限公司
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Publication of WO2015169241A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015169241A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/54Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
    • A61K31/5415Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. phenothiazine, chlorpromazine, piroxicam
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D279/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D279/101,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines
    • C07D279/141,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D279/18[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D279/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D279/101,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines
    • C07D279/141,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D279/18[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings
    • C07D279/20[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings with hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D279/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D279/101,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines
    • C07D279/141,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D279/18[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings
    • C07D279/22[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings with carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D279/24[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings with carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by amino radicals, attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D279/28[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings with carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by amino radicals, attached to the ring nitrogen atom with other substituents attached to the ring system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a preparation method of an antiemetic drug Thiethylperazine or an intermediate thereof.
  • Thiothazine is a phenothiazine antiemetic that produces antiemetic effects by inhibiting the induction of chemically sensitive areas. It is clinically used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by general anesthesia or dizziness, due to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Vomiting is also effective, its chemical name is 2-ethylthio-10-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl]-phenothiazine, and its structure is as follows:
  • the existing synthetic routes include two types: (1) 2-ethylthiophenothiazine is first reacted with 1-bromo-3-chloropropane to form the intermediate 2-ethylthio-10-(3-chloropropyl)- Phenothiazine, then reacted with N-methylpiperazine, as shown in Reaction Scheme 1-A; (2) 2-Ethylthiophenothiazine directly with 1-methyl-4-(3-chloropropyl)per The azine reaction is represented by the reaction formula 1-B.
  • the raw material 3-ethylthioaniline has substantially no commercial products, is expensive, and has a long reaction route.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing thioethazine or an intermediate thereof, which comprises the step of forming a compound I by substituting a compound II with a sulfurizing reagent, as shown in the reaction formula 2;
  • R is H, -(CH 2 ) 3 NH 2 or R is preferably H or X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, and X is preferably chlorine;
  • the sulfurizing reagent is ethanethiol, potassium ethoxide or sodium ethanethiolate; preferably ethanethiol or sodium ethanethiolate; when the sulfurizing reagent is ethanethiol, the reaction needs to be carried out in the presence of a base, the alkali selection From sodium tert-butoxide, Potassium tert-butoxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium methoxide, ethanol Sodium, sodium amide, potassium amide, diisopropylethylamine, potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, pyridine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,8-diazabicyclo ring [5.4.0]
  • the molar ratio of compound II to the amount of the sulfurizing agent is from 1:1 to 1:15, preferably from 1:1 to 1:10, most preferably from 1:1 to 1:5;
  • the substitution reaction can be carried out in the presence or absence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, and tetra One or more of butylphosphonium bromide, iodide bromide, brominated ketone, chlorinated ketone, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, palladium acetate and copper oxide; preferably from four (three One or more of phenylphosphine)palladium, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, tetrabutylphosphonium bromide, iodide and brominated ketone .
  • the substitution reaction can be carried out in a suitable solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, acetonitrile, 2-butanone, acetone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, Dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, sulfolane, hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), N, N -diethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, ethylene glycol, ethanethiol, polyethylene glycol, two One of oxyhexacyclohexane, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether,
  • the temperature of the substitution reaction is selected from 20 to 139 ° C, the reaction time is 0.5 to 36 hours; the preferred reaction temperature is 70 to 139 ° C, and the reaction time is 0.5 to 10 hours;
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of thioethazine or an intermediate thereof, which comprises the steps of: (1) reacting compound II with a sulfurizing reagent to form compound III or a salt thereof; (2) compound III or a salt thereof The ethylation reagent is subjected to a substitution reaction to obtain a compound I, as shown in the reaction formula 3:
  • R and X are as defined above; after the end of the step (1), an acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid is added during the post-treatment to adjust the pH to acidity, and the obtained product is compound III; Without the addition of an acid, the obtained product is a salt of the compound III; the salt form of the compound III may be selected from a sodium salt, a potassium salt, a lithium salt or a phosphonium salt, etc., preferably a sodium salt, a potassium salt or a lithium salt. Compound III or its salt may be isolated or used in the next step without isolation, as the case may be;
  • the vulcanizing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide, sodium hydrosulfide, potassium hydrosulfide, ethanedithiol, propylene dithiol, methyl mercaptan, potassium methyl mercaptan, sodium methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, ethyl sulfur.
  • the reaction needs to be carried out in the presence of a base.
  • the base is selected from the group consisting of sodium t-butoxide, potassium t-butoxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide.
  • an amine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, 4-dimethylaminopyridine and sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide preferably From sodium tert-butoxide, potassium t-butoxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydride, methanol Sodium, sodium ethoxide, diisopropylethylamine, One or more of pyridine, triethylamine, 1,8-diazabicyclo
  • the molar ratio of the ethanedithiol, propylenedithiol, methyl mercaptan, ethanethiol, n-propyl mercaptan, isopropyl mercaptan, n-butyl mercaptan or t-butyl mercaptan to the base is 1: 1 to 1:5, preferably 1:1 to 1:3;
  • the reaction of the step (1) and the step (2) may be carried out in the presence or absence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, tetrabutylammonium bromide, and tetrabutylammonium iodide.
  • a catalyst selected from the group consisting of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, tetrabutylammonium bromide, and tetrabutylammonium iodide.
  • tetrabutylammonium fluoride tetrabutylphosphonium bromide, iodide iodide, bromide, chlorinated ketone, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, palladium acetate and copper oxide Or more; preferably from tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, tetrabutylphosphonium bromide, iodide and bromination One or more of the ketones.
  • the reaction of the step (1) and the step (2) may be carried out in a suitable solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, acetonitrile, 2-butanone, acetone, 1,3-two.
  • a suitable solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, acetonitrile, 2-butanone, acetone, 1,3-two.
  • Methyl-2-imidazolidinone dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, sulfolane, hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethyl Acetamide (DMA), N,N-diethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, ethylene glycol, B Mercaptan, polyethylene glycol, dioxane, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, water, n-hexane, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, dichloroethane One or more of alkane, chloroform and quinoline; preferably from benzene,
  • the molar ratio of the compound II to the amount of the sulfurizing agent is from 1:1 to 1:15, preferably from 1:2 to 1:10, most preferably from 1:2 to 1:5;
  • the reaction temperature of the step (1) is 140 ° C ⁇ 210 ° C, preferably 150 ° C ⁇ 210 ° C; the reaction time of the step (1) is 0.5 ⁇ 36 hours, preferably 0.5 ⁇ 10 hours;
  • the ethylating agent is ethyl iodide, ethyl bromide, ethyl chloride, diethyl carbonate or diethyl sulfate, preferably ethyl iodide, ethyl bromide or diethyl sulfate.
  • the molar ratio of the compound III or its salt to the ethylating agent is from 1:1 to 1:5, preferably from 1:1 to 1:3.
  • reaction raw material of the step (2) is the compound III
  • reaction is carried out in the presence of a base selected from the group consisting of sodium t-butoxide, potassium t-butoxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, hydrogen carbonate.
  • the molar ratio of the compound III to the base charge is from 1:1 to 1:5, preferably from 1:1 to 1:3.
  • the reaction temperature of the step (2) is 0 ° C ⁇ 120 ° C, preferably 20 ° C ⁇ 100 ° C; the reaction time is 0.5 ⁇ 36 hours, preferably 0.5 ⁇ 18 hours;
  • the invention provides the preparation of thietazine or an intermediate thereof by a "one-pot method", wherein the “one-pot method” is a reaction between the compound II and a sulfurizing reagent to form a salt of the compound III, and the ethylating agent is directly added to the reaction liquid.
  • the reaction produces Compound I as shown in Reaction Scheme 4:
  • R is H, -(CH 2 ) 3 NH 2 or R is preferably H or X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, X is preferably chlorine;
  • M is potassium (K), sodium (Na) or lithium (Li), preferably potassium or sodium;
  • the sulfurizing reagent is sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide, sodium hydrosulfide, potassium hydrosulfide, ethanedithiol, propylenedithiol, methyl mercaptan, potassium methyl mercaptan, sodium methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan.
  • potassium sulfide sodium hydrosulfide, potassium hydrosulfide, methyl mercaptan, sodium methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, potassium ethanethiolate, sodium ethanethiolate, n-propyl mercaptan, Sodium positive propionate, isopropyl mercaptan, n-butyl mercaptan, t-butyl mercaptan, sodium isopropyl thiolate, sodium n
  • the reaction needs to be carried out in the presence of a base.
  • the base is selected from the group consisting of sodium t-butoxide, potassium t-butoxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydride.
  • potassium hydride sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium amide, potassium amide, potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
  • the molar ratio of the ethanedithiol, propylenedithiol, methyl mercaptan, ethanethiol, n-propyl mercaptan, isopropyl mercaptan, n-butyl mercaptan or t-butyl mercaptan to the base is 1: 1 to 1:5, preferably 1:1 to 1:3;
  • the ethylating agent is ethyl iodide, ethyl bromide, ethyl chloride, diethyl carbonate or diethyl sulfate, preferably ethyl iodide, ethyl bromide or diethyl sulfate.
  • the reaction can be carried out in the presence or absence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, tetrabutylene.
  • a catalyst selected from the group consisting of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, tetrabutylene.
  • the reaction can be carried out in a suitable solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, acetonitrile, 2-butanone, acetone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and Sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, sulfolane, hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), N,N- Diethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, ethylene glycol, ethanethiol, polyethylene glycol, dioxane One of six rings, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, diisopropyl ether,
  • the molar ratio of the compound II to the amount of the sulfurizing agent is from 1:1 to 1:15, preferably from 1:2 to 1:10, most preferably from 1:2 to 1:5;
  • the molar ratio of the compound II to the ethylating agent charge is from 1:1 to 1:15, preferably from 1:1 to 1:10, most preferably from 1:1 to 1:5.
  • the reaction temperature of the compound II and the sulfurizing reagent is 140 ° C to 210 ° C, preferably 150 ° C to 210 ° C; the reaction time is 0.5 to 36 hours, preferably 0.5 to 10 hours; the salt of the compound III and the ethylating agent
  • the reaction temperature is from 0 ° C to 120 ° C, preferably from 20 ° C to 100 ° C; and the reaction time is from 0.5 to 36 hours, preferably from 0.5 to 18 hours.
  • the method of the invention has the advantages of simple operation, stable process, easy control, convenient and safe after treatment, no harm to human health and environment, low production cost, high product yield, good purity, etc., and can be economical, Convenient for industrial production.
  • 2-chlorophenothiazine (10 g, 0.04 mol) and sodium ethanethiolate (24 g, 0.28 mol) were added to N-methylpyrrolidone (50 ml), and reacted at 150-160 ° C for 24 hours under nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the reaction solution was cooled to 0 to 10 ° C, and ethyl bromide (28 g, 0.26 mol) was slowly dropped into the reaction mixture. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was heated to 50 ° C and stirred for 6 hours.

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Abstract

一种丙氯拉嗪或2-氯吩噻嗪经过一步或两步反应得到硫乙拉嗪或其中间体2-乙硫基吩噻嗪的方法。

Description

硫乙拉嗪或其中间体的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种止吐药物硫乙拉嗪(Thiethylperazine)或其中间体的制备方法。
背景技术
硫乙拉嗪是一种吩噻嗪类的止吐剂,通过抑制催吐化学敏感区而产生镇吐作用,临床用于治疗全身麻醉或眩晕所致的恶心和呕吐,对化疗或放疗所致的呕吐亦有效,其化学名为2-乙硫基-10-[3-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)丙基]-吩噻嗪,结构如下:
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000001
已有的合成路线包括两种:(1)2-乙硫基吩噻嗪先与1-溴-3-氯丙烷反应生成中间体2-乙硫基-10-(3-氯丙基)-吩噻嗪,再与N-甲基哌嗪反应,如反应式1-A表示;(2)2-乙硫基吩噻嗪直接与1-甲基-4-(3-氯丙基)哌嗪反应,如反应式1-B表示。其中,2-乙硫基吩噻嗪由3-乙硫基苯胺与邻氯苯甲酸钾盐反应生成N-(3-乙硫基苯基)邻氨基苯甲酸,经加热脱羧得到N-(3-乙硫基苯基)苯胺,N-(3-乙硫基苯基)苯胺与硫在碘催化下约160℃反应生成,如反应式1-C表示:
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000002
上述路线中,原料3-乙硫基苯胺基本没有商业化产品,价格昂贵,且反应路线较长。
为了解决已有生产方法中存在的工艺路线长、成本高等缺陷,急需提供一条原料价廉易得、路线简短、操作简便的硫乙拉嗪或其中间体的合成路线。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种硫乙拉嗪或其中间体的制备方法,所述方法由化合物II与硫化试剂经取代反应一步生成化合物I,如反应式2所示;
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000003
其中,R为H、-(CH2)3NH2
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000004
R优选H或
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000005
X为氟、氯、溴或碘,X优选氯;
所述硫化试剂为乙硫醇、乙硫醇钾或乙硫醇钠;优选乙硫醇或乙硫醇钠;当硫化试剂为乙硫醇时,反应需要在碱存在下进行,所述碱选自叔丁醇钠、 叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸铯、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢化钠、氢化钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、氨基钠、氨基钾、二异丙基乙胺、磷酸钾、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、吡啶、三乙胺、乙二胺、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯、4-二甲氨基吡啶和二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠中的一种或多种;优选自叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸铯、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢化钠、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、三乙胺、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯和二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠中的一种或多种;所述乙硫醇与碱的投料量的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶5,优选1∶1~1∶3;
化合物II与硫化试剂投料量的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶15,优选1∶1~1∶10,最优选1∶1~1∶5;
所述取代反应可以在有或无催化剂存在下进行,所述催化剂选自四(三苯基膦)钯、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基碘化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四丁基溴化膦、碘化亚酮、溴化亚酮、氯化亚酮、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、醋酸钯和氧化铜中的一种或多种;优选自四(三苯基膦)钯、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基碘化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四丁基溴化膦、碘化亚酮和溴化亚酮中的一种或多种。
所述取代反应可在合适的溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、乙腈、2-丁酮、丙酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二甲亚砜、二甲基砜、环丁砜、六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、乙二醇、乙硫醇、聚乙二醇、二氧六环、四乙二醇二甲醚、甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、四氢呋喃、水、正己烷、环己烷、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯仿和喹啉中的一种或多种;优选自苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、乙腈、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二甲亚砜、二甲基砜、环丁砜、六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、二氧六环、四氢呋喃和水中的一种或多种;
所述取代反应的温度选自20~139℃,反应时间为0.5~36小时;优选的反应温度为70~139℃,反应时间为0.5~10小时;
本发明还提供了一种硫乙拉嗪或其中间体的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:(1)化合物II与硫化试剂反应生成化合物III或其盐;(2)化合物III或其盐再与乙基化试剂经取代反应得到化合物I,如反应式3所示:
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000006
其中,R和X的定义同上;步骤(1)反应结束后,在后处理过程中加入酸,如盐酸或硫酸等,调pH值至酸性,则得到的产物为化合物III;在后处理过程中不加入酸,则得到的产物为化合物III的盐;化合物III的盐形式可选自钠盐、钾盐、锂盐或铯盐等,优选为钠盐、钾盐或锂盐。视情况需要,化合物III或其盐可以分离也可不经分离直接用于下步反应;
所述硫化试剂选自硫化钠、硫化钾、硫氢化钠、硫氢化钾、乙二硫醇、丙二硫醇、甲硫醇、甲硫醇钾、甲硫醇钠、乙硫醇、乙硫醇钾、乙硫醇钠、正丙硫醇、正丙硫醇钠、异丙硫醇、正丁硫醇、叔丁硫醇、异丙硫醇钠、正丁硫醇钠或叔丁硫醇钠;优选自硫化钠、硫化钾、硫氢化钠、硫氢化钾、甲硫醇、甲硫醇钾、甲硫醇钠、乙硫醇、乙硫醇钾、乙硫醇钠、正丙硫醇、正丙硫醇钠、异丙硫醇、正丁硫醇、叔丁硫醇、异丙硫醇钠、正丁硫醇钠或叔丁硫醇钠;
当硫化试剂为乙二硫醇、丙二硫醇、甲硫醇、乙硫醇、正丙硫醇、异丙硫醇、正丁硫醇或叔丁硫醇时,反应需要在碱存在下进行,所述碱选自叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸铯、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢化钠、氢化钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、氨基钠、氨基钾、二异丙基乙胺、磷酸钾、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、吡啶、三乙胺、乙二胺、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯、4-二甲氨基吡啶和二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠中的一种或多种;优选自叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸铯、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢化钠、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、二异丙基乙胺、 吡啶、三乙胺、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯和二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠中的一种或多种。
所述乙二硫醇、丙二硫醇、甲硫醇、乙硫醇、正丙硫醇、异丙硫醇、正丁硫醇或叔丁硫醇与碱的投料量的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶5,优选1∶1~1∶3;
所述步骤(1)和步骤(2)的反应可以在有或无催化剂存在下进行,所述催化剂选自四(三苯基膦)钯、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基碘化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四丁基溴化膦、碘化亚酮、溴化亚酮、氯化亚酮、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、醋酸钯和氧化铜中的一种或多种;优选自四(三苯基膦)钯、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基碘化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四丁基溴化膦、碘化亚酮和溴化亚酮的一种或多种。
所述步骤(1)和步骤(2)的反应可在合适的溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、乙腈、2-丁酮、丙酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二甲亚砜、二甲基砜、环丁砜、六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、乙二醇、乙硫醇、聚乙二醇、二氧六环、四乙二醇二甲醚、甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、四氢呋喃、水、正己烷、环己烷、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯仿和喹啉中的一种或多种;优选自苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、乙腈、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二甲亚砜、二甲基砜、环丁砜、六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、二氧六环、四氢呋喃和水中的一种或多种;
化合物II与硫化试剂投料量的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶15,优选1∶2~1∶10,最优选1∶2~1∶5;
所述步骤(1)的反应温度为140℃~210℃,优选150℃~210℃;所述步骤(1)的反应时间为0.5~36小时,优选0.5~10小时;
所述乙基化试剂为碘乙烷、溴乙烷、氯乙烷、碳酸二乙酯或硫酸二乙酯,优选碘乙烷、溴乙烷或硫酸二乙酯。
化合物III或其盐与乙基化试剂投料量的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶5,优选1∶1~1∶3。
当步骤(2)的反应原料为化合物III时,所述反应需要在碱存在下进行,所述碱选自叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、 碳酸铯、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢化钠、氢化钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、氨基钠、氨基钾、二异丙基乙胺、磷酸钾、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、吡啶、三乙胺、乙二胺、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯、4-二甲氨基吡啶和二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠中的一种或多种;优选自叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸铯、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢化钠、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、三乙胺、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯和二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠中的一种或多种。
化合物III与碱投料量的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶5,优选1∶1~1∶3。
所述步骤(2)的反应温度为0℃~120℃,优选20℃~100℃;所述反应时间为0.5~36小时,优选0.5~18小时;
本发明提供了通过“一锅法”制备硫乙拉嗪或其中间体,所述“一锅法”为化合物II与硫化试剂反应生成化合物III的盐,直接在反应液中加入乙基化试剂反应生成化合物I,如反应式4所示:
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000007
其中,R为H、-(CH2)3NH2
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000008
R优选H或
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000009
X为氟、氯、溴或碘,X优选氯;M为钾(K)、钠(Na)或锂(Li),,优选为钾或钠;
所述硫化试剂为硫化钠、硫化钾、硫氢化钠、硫氢化钾、乙二硫醇、丙二硫醇、甲硫醇、甲硫醇钾、甲硫醇钠、乙硫醇、乙硫醇钾、乙硫醇钠、正丙硫醇、正丙硫醇钠、异丙硫醇、正丁硫醇、叔丁硫醇、异丙硫醇钠、正丁硫醇钠或叔丁硫醇钠;优选自硫化钠、硫化钾、硫氢化钠、硫氢化钾、甲硫醇、甲硫醇钾、甲硫醇钠、乙硫醇、乙硫醇钾、乙硫醇钠、正丙硫醇、正丙硫醇钠、异丙硫醇、正丁硫醇、叔丁硫醇、异丙硫醇钠、正丁硫醇钠或叔丁硫醇钠;
当硫化试剂为乙二硫醇、丙二硫醇、甲硫醇、乙硫醇、正丙硫醇、异丙硫醇、正丁硫醇或叔丁硫醇时,反应需要在碱存在下进行,所述碱选自叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢化钠、氢化钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、氨基钠、氨基钾、磷酸钾、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾和二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠中的一种或多种;优选自叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢化钠、甲醇钠、乙醇钠和二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠中的一种或多种。
所述乙二硫醇、丙二硫醇、甲硫醇、乙硫醇、正丙硫醇、异丙硫醇、正丁硫醇或叔丁硫醇与碱的投料量的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶5,优选1∶1~1∶3;
所述乙基化试剂为碘乙烷、溴乙烷、氯乙烷、碳酸二乙酯或硫酸二乙酯,优选碘乙烷、溴乙烷或硫酸二乙酯。
所述反应可以在有或无催化剂存在下进行,所述催化剂选自四(三苯基膦)钯、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基碘化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四丁基溴化膦、碘化亚酮、溴化亚酮、氯化亚酮、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、醋酸钯和氧化铜中的一种或多种;优选自四(三苯基膦)钯、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基碘化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四丁基溴化膦、碘化亚酮和溴化亚酮的一种或多种。
所述反应可在合适的溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、乙腈、2-丁酮、丙酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二甲亚砜、二甲基砜、环丁砜、六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、乙二醇、乙硫醇、聚乙二醇、二氧六环、四乙二醇二甲醚、甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、四氢呋喃、水、正己烷、环己烷、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯仿和喹啉中的一种或多种;优选自苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、乙腈、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二甲亚砜、二甲基砜、环丁砜、六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、二氧六环、四氢呋喃和水中的一种或多种;
化合物II与硫化试剂投料量的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶15,优选1∶2~1∶10,最优选1∶2~1∶5;
化合物II与乙基化试剂投料量的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶15,优选1∶1~1∶10,最优选1∶1~1∶5。
所述化合物II与硫化试剂的反应温度为140℃~210℃,优选150℃~210℃;反应时间为0.5~36小时,优选0.5~10小时;所述化合物III的盐与乙基化试剂的反应温度为0℃~120℃,优选20℃~100℃;所述反应时间为0.5~36小时,优选0.5~18小时。
有益效果
(1)本发明方法的原料如丙氯拉嗪和2-氯吩噻嗪等价廉易得;
(2)通过价廉易得的丙氯拉嗪和2-氯吩噻嗪等原料经一步或两步反应就可得到硫乙拉嗪和其中间体2-乙硫基吩噻嗪,简化了工艺,大大提高了反应收率。
总之,本发明的方法具有操作简单易行、工艺稳定、易于控制、反应后处理方便、安全、不对人体健康与环境产生危害、生产成本低、产物收率高、纯度好等优点,可以经济、方便地用于工业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明加以进一步说明,以下实施方式只以举例的方式描述本发明。但这些实施例并不意味着对本发明加以任何限制。很明显,本领域普通技术人员可在本发明的范围和实质内,对本发明进行各种变通和修改。需要了解的是,本发明意欲涵盖在所附权利要求书中包括的变通和修改。
实施例1 2-乙硫基吩噻嗪的制备
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000010
将2-氯吩噻嗪(50g,0.21mol)和乙硫醇钠(60g,0.71mol)加入到N-甲基吡咯烷酮(250ml)中,氮气保护下升温到130℃反应3小时,将反应液冷却到室温,倒入冷水中,用甲基叔丁基醚(400ml×2)萃取,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥后浓缩干得到淡黄色固体,50℃真空干燥后,用乙醇(100ml)和水(100ml)的混合溶剂重结晶,得到类白色产品35g,收率63%。
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ8.63(s,1H),6.99(t,1H,J=7.6Hz),6.92(d,1H,J=7.6Hz),6.86(d,1H,J=7.6Hz),6.75(t,1H,J=7.6Hz),6.70(dd,1H, J1=7.6Hz,J2=2Hz),6.65(d,1H,J=2Hz),2.90(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),1.23(t,3H,J=7.2Hz).MS:[M+H]+=259.0。
实施例2 2-乙硫基吩噻嗪的制备
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000011
将2-氯吩噻嗪(10g,0.04mol)和乙硫醇钠(12g,0.14mol)加入到二甲亚砜(50ml)中,氮气保护下升温到180℃反应2小时,将反应液冷却到0~10℃,将溴乙烷(14g,0.13mol)缓慢滴入到反应液中,滴加完毕后维持在0~10℃搅拌反应18小时,将反应液倒入冷水中,析出淡黄色固体,抽滤,固体在50℃真空干燥后,用乙醇(30ml)和水(30ml)的混合溶剂重结晶,得到类白色产品8g,收率72%。
氢谱数据同实施例1。
实施例3 2-乙硫基吩噻嗪的制备
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000012
将2-氯吩噻嗪(10g,0.04mol)和甲硫醇钠(5.6g,0.08mol)加入到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50ml)中,氮气保护下升温到140℃反应36小时,将反应液冷却到0~10℃,将碘乙烷(6.25g,0.04mol)缓慢滴入到反应液中,滴加完毕后升温至70℃反应5小时。将反应液倒入冷水中,析出淡黄色固体,抽滤,将固体在50℃真空干燥后,用乙醇(30ml)重结晶,得到类白色产品5g,收率45%。
氢谱数据同实施例1。
实施例4 2-乙硫基吩噻嗪的制备
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000013
将2-氯吩噻嗪(10g,0.04mol)、碳酸钾(11.2g,0.08mol)、乙硫醇(3.4g,0.04mol)和碘化亚铜(2.5g)加入到二氧六环(50ml)中,氮气保护下升温到70℃反应24小时,将反应液冷却到冷却到室温,倒入冷水中,用甲基叔丁基醚 (200ml×2)萃取,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥后浓缩干得到淡黄色固体,50℃真空干燥后,用甲苯重结晶,得到类白色产品3.5g,收率31%。
氢谱数据同实施例1。
实施例5 2-乙硫基吩噻嗪的制备
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000014
将2-氯吩噻嗪(50g,0.21mol)和硫化钠(82g,1.05mol)加入到1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮(250ml)中,氮气保护下升温到210℃反应1小时,将反应液冷却到0~10℃,将溴乙烷(114g,1.05mol)缓慢滴入到反应液中,滴加完毕后在室温反应10小时,将反应液倒入冷水中,析出淡黄色固体,抽滤,固体在50℃真空干燥后,用乙醇(150ml)和水(150ml)的混合溶剂重结晶,得到类白色产品48g,收率87%。
氢谱数据同实施例1。
实施例6 2-乙硫基吩噻嗪的制备
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000015
将氢氧化钾(33.6g,0.6mol)加入到N,N-二乙基甲酰胺(50ml)中,滴加正丙硫醇(15.2g,0.2mol),滴加完毕后室温搅拌1小时。再加入2-氯吩噻嗪(5g,0.02mol),氮气保护下升温到170~180℃反应10小时,将反应液冷却到0~10℃,将硫酸二乙酯(30.8g,0.2mol)缓慢滴入到反应液中,滴加完毕后升温至110~120℃搅拌反应1小时,将反应液倒入冷水中,析出淡黄色固体,抽滤,固体在50℃真空干燥后,得到类白色产品4.4g,收率79%。
实施例7 2-乙硫基吩噻嗪的制备
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000016
将叔丁醇钾(11.2g,0.1mol)加入到六甲基磷酰胺(50ml)中,滴加乙硫醇(6.2g,0.1mol),滴加完毕后室温搅拌1小时。再加入2-氯吩噻嗪(5g,0.02mol),氮气保护下升温到190~200℃反应5小时,将反应液冷却到0~10℃,将溴乙烷(10g,0.1mol)缓慢滴入到反应液中,滴加完毕后升温至80~90℃搅拌反应2 小时,将反应液倒入冷水中,析出淡黄色固体,抽滤,固体在50℃真空干燥后,得到类白色产品4.6g,收率83%。
实施例8 2-乙硫基吩噻嗪的制备
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000017
将2-氯吩噻嗪(10g,0.04mol)和乙硫醇钠(24g,0.28mol)加入到N-甲基吡咯烷酮(50ml)中,氮气保护下在150~160℃℃反应24小时,将反应液冷却到0~10℃,将溴乙烷(28g,0.26mol)缓慢滴入到反应液中,滴加完毕后升温至50℃搅拌反应6小时。将反应液倒入冷水中,析出淡黄色固体,抽滤,将固体在50℃真空干燥后,用乙醇(30ml)重结晶,得到类白色产品8g,收率72%。氢谱数据同实施例1。
实施例9硫乙拉嗪的制备
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000018
将丙氯拉嗪(5g,0.013mol)、乙硫醇钠(6g,0.07mol)加入到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(25ml)中,氮气保护下升温到120℃反应10小时,将反应液冷却到室温,倒入冷水中,用甲苯(50ml×2)萃取,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥后浓缩干得到淡黄色固体,用丙酮重结晶,得到类白色产品3g,收率56%。
1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.12(m,2H),7.03(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),6.95-6.82(m,4H),3.90(t,2H,J=6.6Hz),2.90(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),2.60-2.30(br,10H),2.26(s,3H),1.94(m,2H),1.29(t,3H,J=7.2Hz).MS:[M+H]+=400。
实施例10硫乙拉嗪的制备
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000019
将丙氯拉嗪(5g,0.013mol)、乙硫醇钠(12g,0.14mol)加入到N-甲基吡咯烷酮(25ml)中,氮气保护下升温到200~210℃反应10小时,将反应液冷却到室温,将溴乙烷(15g,0.14mol)缓慢滴入到反应液中,滴加完毕后继续搅拌0.5小时,倒入冷水中,析出固体,抽滤,固体在50℃真空干燥,得到类白色产品4.3g,收率80%。氢谱数据同实施例9。
实施例11 2-巯基吩噻嗪的制备
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000020
将氢氧化钠(4g,0.1mol)溶于水(10ml)中,与二甲亚砜(50ml)混合,滴加乙硫醇(6.2g,0.lmol),滴加完毕后室温搅拌1小时。再加入2-氯吩噻嗪(5g,0.02mol)和四丁基溴化铵(0.3g),氮气保护下升温到180℃反应6小时,将反应液冷至室温,加入水(100ml),用10%盐酸调pH值至2~3,用乙酸乙酯(30ml×3)萃取,合并有机相,用饱和盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得固体4g,收率82%。
实施例12 2-乙硫基吩噻嗪的制备
Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-000021
将2-乙巯基吩噻嗪(4g,0.017mol),溴乙烷(2.2g,0.02mol),碳酸钠(5g,0.047mol)和乙腈(30ml)混合,80~85℃回流反应3小时,反应液倒入冰水中,析出固体,抽滤,用水洗涤,固体在50℃真空干燥后,得到类白色产品4.2g,收率92%。氢谱数据同实施例1。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种硫乙拉嗪或其中间体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法由化合物II与硫化试剂经取代反应一步生成化合物I,如反应式2所示;
    Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-100001
    其中,
    R为H、-(CH2)3NH2
    Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-100002
    优选为H或
    Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-100003
    X为氟、氯、溴或碘,优选为氯;
    所述硫化试剂为乙硫醇、乙硫醇钾或乙硫醇钠,优选为乙硫醇或乙硫醇钠;所述硫化试剂为乙硫醇时,反应在碱存在下进行。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碱选自叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸铯、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢化钠、氢化钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、氨基钠、氨基钾、二异丙基乙胺、磷酸钾、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、吡啶、三乙胺、乙二胺、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯、4-二甲氨基吡啶和二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠中的一种或多种;所述碱优选为叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸铯、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢化钠、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、三乙胺、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯和二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠中的一种或多种。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述取代反应在溶剂中进行,所述溶剂为苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、乙腈、2-丁酮、丙酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二甲亚砜、二甲基砜、环丁砜、六甲基磷酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、甲醇、 乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、乙二醇、乙硫醇、聚乙二醇、二氧六环、四乙二醇二甲醚、甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、四氢呋喃、水、正己烷、环己烷、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯仿、喹啉中的一种或多种;优选为:苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、乙腈、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二甲亚砜、二甲基砜、环丁砜、六甲基磷酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、二氧六环、四氢呋喃和水中的一种或多种。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述取代反应的反应温度为20℃~139℃,优选为70℃~139℃。
  5. 一种硫乙拉嗪或其中间体的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括以下步骤:(1)化合物II与硫化试剂反应生成化合物III或其盐;(2)化合物III或其盐再与乙基化试剂经取代反应得到化合物I,如反应式3所示:
    Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-100004
    其中,
    R为H、-(CH2)3NH2
    Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-100005
    优选为H或
    Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-100006
    X为氟、氯、溴或碘,优选为氯;
    所述硫化试剂为硫化钠、硫化钾、硫氢化钠、硫氢化钾、乙二硫醇、丙二硫醇、甲硫醇、甲硫醇钾、甲硫醇钠、乙硫醇、乙硫醇钾、乙硫醇钠、正丙硫醇、正丙硫醇钠、异丙硫醇、正丁硫醇、叔丁硫醇、异丙硫醇钠、正丁硫醇钠或叔丁硫醇钠,优选为硫化钠、硫化钾、硫氢化钠、硫氢化钾、甲硫醇、甲硫醇钾、甲硫醇钠、乙硫醇、乙硫醇钾、乙硫醇钠、正丙硫醇、正丙硫醇钠、异丙硫醇、正丁硫醇、叔丁硫醇、异丙硫醇钠、正丁硫醇钠或叔丁硫醇钠;
    所述硫化试剂为乙二硫醇、丙二硫醇、甲硫醇、乙硫醇、正丙硫醇、异丙硫醇、正丁硫醇或叔丁硫醇时,反应在碱存在下进行;
    步骤(2)的反应物为化合物III时,反应在碱存在下进行;
    所述乙基化试剂为碘乙烷、溴乙烷、氯乙烷、碳酸二乙酯或硫酸二乙酯,优选为碘乙烷、溴乙烷或硫酸二乙酯。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碱独立的选自叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸铯、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢化钠、氢化钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、氨基钠、氨基钾、二异丙基乙胺、磷酸钾、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、吡啶、三乙胺、乙二胺、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯、4-二甲氨基吡啶和二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠中的一种或多种;所述碱优选为叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸铯、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢化钠、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、三乙胺、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯和二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠中的一种或多种。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)和步骤(2)的反应在溶剂中进行,所述溶剂为苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、乙腈、2-丁酮、丙酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二甲亚砜、二甲基砜、环丁砜、六甲基磷酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、乙二醇、乙硫醇、聚乙二醇、二氧六环、四乙二醇二甲醚、甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、四氢呋喃、水、正己烷、环己烷、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯仿、喹啉中的一种或多种;优选为:苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、乙腈、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二甲亚砜、二甲基砜、环丁砜、六甲基磷酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、二氧六环、四氢呋喃和水中的一种或多种。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)的反应温度为140℃~210℃,优选为150℃~210℃;步骤(2)的反应温度为0℃~120℃,优选为20℃~100℃。
  9. “一锅法”制备硫乙拉嗪或其中间体的方法,其特征在于:化合物II与硫化试剂反应生成化合物III的盐,直接在反应液中加入乙基化试剂反应生成化合物I,如反应式4所示:
    Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-100007
    其中,
    R为H、-(CH2)3NH2
    Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-100008
    优选为H或
    Figure PCTCN2015078469-appb-100009
    X为氟、氯、溴或碘,优选为氯;
    M为钾、钠或锂,优选为钾或钠;
    硫化试剂为硫化钠、硫化钾、硫氢化钠、硫氢化钾、乙二硫醇、丙二硫醇、甲硫醇、甲硫醇钾、甲硫醇钠、乙硫醇、乙硫醇钾、乙硫醇钠、正丙硫醇、正丙硫醇钠、异丙硫醇、正丁硫醇、叔丁硫醇、异丙硫醇钠、正丁硫醇钠或叔丁硫醇钠,优选为硫化钠、硫化钾、硫氢化钠、硫氢化钾、甲硫醇、甲硫醇钾、甲硫醇钠、乙硫醇、乙硫醇钾、乙硫醇钠、正丙硫醇、正丙硫醇钠、异丙硫醇、正丁硫醇、叔丁硫醇、异丙硫醇钠、正丁硫醇钠或叔丁硫醇钠;当硫化试剂为乙二硫醇、丙二硫醇、甲硫醇、乙硫醇、正丙硫醇、异丙硫醇、正丁硫醇或叔丁硫醇时,生成化合物III的盐的反应需要在碱存在下进行,所述碱选自叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢化钠、氢化钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、氨基钠、氨基钾、磷酸钾、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾和二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠中的一种或多种;所述碱优选自叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、氢氧化 钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢化钠、甲醇钠、乙醇钠和二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠中的一种或多种;
    乙基化试剂为碘乙烷、溴乙烷、氯乙烷、碳酸二乙酯或硫酸二乙酯,优选为碘乙烷、溴乙烷或硫酸二乙酯。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:反应溶剂选自苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、乙腈、2-丁酮、丙酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二甲亚砜、二甲基砜、环丁砜、六甲基磷酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、乙二醇、乙硫醇、聚乙二醇、二氧六环、四乙二醇二甲醚、甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、四氢呋喃、水、正己烷、环己烷、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯仿和喹啉中的一种或多种;优选自苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、乙腈、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二甲亚砜、二甲基砜、环丁砜、六甲基磷酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、二氧六环、四氢呋喃和水中的一种或多种;
    化合物II与硫化试剂的反应温度为140℃~210℃,优选为150℃~210℃;
    化合物III的盐与乙基化试剂的反应温度为0℃~120℃,优选为20℃~100℃。
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