CN107663150A - 一种姜烯酚类化合物的快速合成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种姜烯酚类化合物的快速合成方法,具体反应路线如下:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种姜烯酚类化合物的快速合成方法。
背景技术
姜烯酚(shogaols,如下所示)是姜酚在储存或者加热条件下脱掉一分子水的产物。姜烯酚比对应的姜酚具有更强的刺激性气味,生理活性也更加广泛。尤其在抗肿瘤方面,很多学者进一步证实了6S对包括胃癌,口腔癌,肝癌,肺癌,结肠癌等实体瘤有治疗作用。6S还可以诱导低分化和P53突变(耐药基因MDR-1和Bcl-2高表达)的肝癌细胞凋亡,提示6S具有增加化疗敏感效应。研究初步证明了6S具有良好的抗急性白血病生物学效应,其中eIF2α的磷酸化激活和随后依赖于Caspase激活的其原型降解与6S促进凋亡有密切关系,为6S用于恶性血液病的预防和治疗提供了一种新依据。
对于姜烯酚类化合物的合成主要有三种方法。1976年Teruaki Mukaiyama以香草醛为原料,通过姜酮的烯醇硅醚衍生物与脂肪醛缩合得到姜酚,姜酚再在酸的作用下脱水得到相应的姜烯酚,这也是Mukaiyama aldol reaction的代表作(如下所示)。这种策略在后来被广泛采用。
1990年Sattar以香草醛为原料通过连续的霍纳尔-沃兹沃思-埃蒙斯反应制得了姜烯酚。
2010年,Nobuyuki Mase以香草醛为原料,通过两步二甲基氨基甲酸二甲基铵盐(DIMCARB)催化的类mannich反应与脂肪醛直接作用得到了姜烯酚。
以上的合成路线使用了比较昂贵的试剂或需要在低温、无水无氧条件下操作,不便于大量合成。有鉴于此,作者希望找到一种操作简单、成本低廉的合成方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术不足,本发明提供了一种高收率、安全环保的姜烯酚类化合物的制备方法。
本发明技术方案如下:
1)脱氢姜酮作为原料溶解于有机溶剂,在碱的作用下与碳酸酯反应,即得式(4)化合物
所述溶剂为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、二氧杂环己烷、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二叔丁酯、碳酸二苄酯等的一种或几种所组成的溶剂,优选二甲基甲酰胺、碳酸二乙酯。所述碱为氢化钠、氢化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、三乙胺、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)、哌啶、吡啶、喹啉等,优选氢化钠、叔丁醇钾。所述碳酸酯为碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二叔丁酯、碳酸二苄酯等,优选碳酸二乙酯。反应温度为-20-160℃,优选60-120℃,脱氢姜酮和碱的摩尔比为0.01-100∶1,优选0.1-20∶1,所述脱氢姜酮与碳酸酯的重量体积比为0.1-100∶1,优选0.5-20∶1;反应时间为0.5-5小时,优选1-2小时。
2)式(4)化合物溶解于有机溶剂,在催化剂作用下被还原得到目标产物式(5)化合物
所述溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、丙酮、水、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈等的一种或几种所组成的溶剂,优选丙酮。所述催化剂为钯碳、氧化铂、雷尼镍等,优选雷尼镍。所述还原试剂为氢气、L-selectride等,优选氢气。反应温度为-20-80℃,优选20-50℃。反应时间为0.2-5小时,优选0.5-2小时。
3)式(5)化合物溶解于有机溶剂,在催化剂作用下与脂肪醛缩合并脱去羧基分别得到目标产物6-姜烯酚、8-姜烯酚、10-姜烯酚等。
所述溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、丙酮、水、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、二甲亚砜等的一种或几种所组成的溶剂,优选甲醇、二甲亚砜。所述催化剂为所述碱为氢化钠、氢化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钟、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、三乙胺、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)、哌啶、吡啶、喹啉等,优选氢氧化钠、哌啶。反应温度为-20-200℃,优选0-160℃。
本发明的技术特点和优益效果:
本发明以脱氢姜酮起始原料,经过甲酰化反应、氢化反应、缩合/脱羧反应制得姜烯酚。
本发明所涉及到的三种策略尤其是第一种策略具有原料廉价易得、收率高、易操作、安全环保,有利于工业化生产,降低生产成本。
具体实施方式
一下结合实例详细说明了本发明,但本发明不仅局限于此。其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变化或修饰,都应当涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施案例所用原料和试剂均为市售产品。实施例中所述“%”除特殊说明外均为质量百分比。
实施例1:ethyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxopent-4-enoate(化合物4)的制备
向500ml圆底烧瓶中加入9.6克脱氢姜酮(50mmol),加入150ml碳酸二乙酯,2.4克氢化钠(100mmol),回流反应。TLC检测原料消失后即停止反应,减压回收碳酸二甲酯,残余物加水50ml后,用50ml乙酸乙酯萃取三次,收集合并乙酸乙酯层,回收乙酸乙酯后残余物用快速硅胶柱层析纯化得到产物12克(90%)。
实施例2:ethyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxopentanoate(化合物5)的制备
向500ml圆底烧瓶中加入26.4克化合物4(100mmol),加入260ml丙酮,1.3克雷尼镍,氢气球下催化氢化。TLC检测原料消失后即停止反应,过滤回收雷尼镍,减压下回收溶剂得产物(化合物5)26克,收率98%。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz),δ:1.26(t,J=8,3H),2.84(s,4H),3.42(s,2H),3.86(s,3H),4.17(q,J=16,8Hz,2H),6.66(d,J=8Hz,1H),6.69(s,1H),6.82(d,J=8Hz,1H).13C-NMR(CDCl3,100MHz),δ:14.05,29.14,44.83,49.46,55.84,61.40,111.03,114.36,120.72,132.40,143.94,146.43,167.14,202.19.
实施例3:1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dec-4-en-3-one(6-姜烯酚,化合物1)的制备
向50ml圆底烧瓶中加入2.66克化合物5(10mmol),加入二甲亚砜15ml,氢氧化钠0.4克(10mmol),在0℃下半小时内滴加正己醛1.2克(12mmol)/12ml二甲亚砜溶液,待原料消失后对反应液加热至中间产物消失,浓缩反应液后残余物加水用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,收集合并乙酸乙酯层,回收乙酸乙酯后残余物用快速硅胶柱层析纯化得到产物2.07克(75%)。 1H-NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):6.83,m,1H;6.77,s,1H;6.68,d(J=8.0),1H;6.61,d(J=7.0),1H;6.10,d(J=7.0),1H;15.1;3.82,s,3H;2.79-2.88,m,4H;2.21,dd(J=15.6,7.0),2H;1.46,m,2H;1.31,m,4H;0.91,t(J=7.2),3H;MS(m/z):[M+H]+277。
Claims (4)
1.一种姜烯酚类化合物的快速合成方法,具体反应路线如下:
反应步骤如下:
1)脱氢姜酮作为原料溶解于苯、甲苯、二甲苯、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、二氧杂环己烷、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二叔丁酯、碳酸二苄酯等的一种或几种所组成的溶剂,在氢化钠、氢化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、三乙胺、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)、哌啶、吡啶、喹啉等,优选氢化钠、叔丁醇钾等碱的作用下与碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二叔丁酯、碳酸二苄酯等碳酸酯反应,即得式(4)化合物。
2)式(4)化合物溶解于甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、丙酮、水、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈等的一种或几种所组成的有机溶剂,在钯碳、氧化铂、雷尼镍催化剂作用下被氢气、L-selectride等还原得到目标产物式(5)化合物。
3)式(5)化合物溶解于甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、丙酮、水、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、二甲亚砜等的一种或几种所组成的有机溶剂,在氢化钠、氢化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、三乙胺、1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)、哌啶、吡啶、喹啉等催化剂作用下与脂肪醛缩合并脱去羧基得到目标产物6-姜烯酚、8-姜烯酚、10-姜烯酚等。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种姜烯酚的合成方法,其特征在于步骤1)碱优选氢化钠、叔丁醇钾,脱氢姜酮和碱的摩尔比为0.01-100∶1,优选0.1-20∶1,所述脱氢姜酮与碳酸酯的重量体积比为0.1-100∶1,优选0.5-20∶1;反应时间为0.5-5小时,优选1-2小时。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种姜烯酚的合成方法,其特征在于步骤2)还原剂优选氢气,反应温度为-20-80℃,优选20-50℃。反应时间为0.2-5小时,优选0.5-2小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种姜烯酚的合成方法,其特征在于步骤3)碱优选氢氧化钠、叔丁醇钾,反应温度为-20-200℃,优选0-160℃。醛与式(5)化合物的比例为0.1-10∶1。
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