WO2015161766A1 - 含硒化合物的胆碱盐及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

含硒化合物的胆碱盐及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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WO2015161766A1
WO2015161766A1 PCT/CN2015/076981 CN2015076981W WO2015161766A1 WO 2015161766 A1 WO2015161766 A1 WO 2015161766A1 CN 2015076981 W CN2015076981 W CN 2015076981W WO 2015161766 A1 WO2015161766 A1 WO 2015161766A1
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choline
selenium
mixture
disease
selenate
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彭锋
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深圳福山生物科技有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C215/00—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C215/02—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C215/40—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton with quaternised nitrogen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13—Amines
    • A61K31/14—Quaternary ammonium compounds, e.g. edrophonium, choline
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/04—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C213/08—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions not involving the formation of amino groups, hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of medicine, and particularly relates to a choline salt containing a selenium compound, a preparation method thereof and use thereof.
  • Choline is a strong organic base, a component of lecithin, also found in sphingomyelin, a source of variable methyl groups in the body that acts as a product for the synthesis of methyl groups, and a precursor to acetylcholine. . Choline also has a wide range of physiological functions, such as promoting brain development and improving memory, ensuring information transmission, regulating apoptosis, forming an important component of biofilm, promoting fat metabolism, promoting metabolism in the body, and lowering serum cholesterol. and many more. Choline chloride, heavy choline bitartrate and choline hydrogen citrate are nutritional additives and fatliquors. It promotes the metabolism of fat and prevents the accumulation of fat in the liver. As a vitamin product, it is widely used in medicines, health products, and food nutrition supplements for hepatitis, liver dysfunction, early cirrhosis, and pernicious anemia.
  • Selenium is an essential trace element in the human body and has extremely important biological functions for health. Unlike other (semi)metals, as part of the selenocysteine-the 21st amino acid of human protein synthesis, selenium becomes part of the protein through a co-translational mechanism. Twenty-five selenoproteins have been identified in humans to date, yet they have only a few functions to understand. Most selenoproteins are involved in the regulation of antioxidant responses and redox states, particularly the glutathione peroxidase (GPxs) family and the thioredoxin reductase (TrxRs) family. Some selenoproteins also play a more specific and necessary role.
  • GPxs glutathione peroxidase
  • TrxRs thioredoxin reductase
  • thymidine deiodinating enzymes are involved in the metabolism of thyroxine
  • GPx4 is essential for sperm development
  • SPS2 selenium phosphate synthase 2
  • selenium may be directly or indirectly related to a variety of human health disorders. Most of these associations are due to the action of GPxs and TrxRs enzymes during the decline of oxidative stress, which (reduction in oxidative stress) has been identified as a major cause of development and progression of some diseases. Other selenoproteins are also involved in specific processes such as calcium ion signaling, brain function and sperm formation. Genetic alterations or low expression associated with insufficient selenium are thought to be responsible for the associated pathology; however, the mechanism of action of selenoproteins associated with human disease is still unknown. Most selenoproteins exhibit beneficial effects on human disease, which means that insufficient activity may be associated with the development or progression of pathological conditions.
  • Supplements can be used against a variety of diseases caused by selenium deficiency, including Kashin-Beck disease; Keshan disease; cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerosis, hypertension, congestive heart failure and coronary heart disease; liver disease, including alcohol Liver damage and cirrhosis; renal failure; neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Batten's disease and epilepsy, and ischemia Neurodegenerative diseases caused by sexual assault, exposure to environmental toxins, drug abuse, brain tumors, compulsive (mental) disorders, depression, etc.; immunoprophylaxis and inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and Crohn's disease, Psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, sepsis or sepsis-like diseases; AIDS (HIV); diabetes; endocrine disorders; male infertility; cancer, including adenocarcinoma, bladder cancer, lung cancer, rec
  • Selenium also has a therapeutic effect on prostate diseases.
  • benign prostatic hyperplasia may be caused by the interaction of the prostate interstitial and epithelium, that is, the epithelial and mesenchyme through the mutual regulation of various cytokines, promoting epithelial and mesenchymal proliferation.
  • mesenchymal cells stimulus cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and nerve cells
  • three kinds of mesenchymal cells (stimulus cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and nerve cells) of three kinds of prostate epithelial cells (neuroendocrine cells, secretory cells, and basal cells) are known to participate in interaction.
  • nitric oxide produced by three kinds of cells (neural, lymphatic, and endothelial cells), thereby reducing apoptosis and accelerating proliferation, eventually leading to glandular hyperplasia.
  • a large number of studies have shown that selenium compounds have an effect of inducing apoptosis. Wan, X.
  • Steven Oncology Reports, 10 (6), 2009-2014; 2003 used nine chemopreventive agents that affect cell growth or clonal survival for normal non-oncogenic human prostate epithelial cell lines (267B1), a human The benign prostatic hyperplasia (hyperplasia) cell line (brf-55t) and a human prostate cancer cell line (267b1/Ki-ras) were evaluated.
  • 9-cis retinoic acid, lirazole methyl ester, 1,4-phenylbis(methylene)selenonitrile (p-XSC) and L-selenomethionine were shown to be prostate
  • the growth inhibition of cancer cells is significantly stronger than that of normal prostate epithelial cells, suggesting that these drugs may be useful as chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer.
  • selenium which can be used in the human body in the prior art is still limited, and sodium selenite, potassium selenate, selenium carrageenan, selenomethionine, selenocysteine and selenium are obtained by chemical synthesis.
  • Selenium-enriched yeast, selenium-enriched malt, etc. obtained by fermentation or germination, such as cystine.
  • Chinese invention patent 200610136924.X discloses a new selenium compound phosphoric acid selenium phosphate complex.
  • selenium compound greatly limits its application.
  • existing selenium compounds such as sodium selenite, potassium selenate, selenium carrageenan, selenomethionine, selenocysteine, selenocystine, selenium-enriched yeast, selenium-enriched malt, etc.
  • Solubility is particularly poor in fat solubility, especially in vegetable oils, mineral oils, and common organic solvents such as glycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and the like. Therefore, it has great difficulties and limitations in terms of formulation.
  • the existing selenium compound is difficult to be formulated into a dosage form in combination with other active ingredients (for example, linseed oil having good anticancer and anticancer effects, ganoderma lucidum spore oil, etc.).
  • other active ingredients for example, linseed oil having good anticancer and anticancer effects, ganoderma lucidum spore oil, etc.
  • fat-soluble solvents such as oil
  • emulsifiers such as Span and Tween
  • the types and amounts of emulsifiers approved for use in health foods are actually severely restricted, so it is usually not feasible. It also does not meet the requirements of people who want to get green safe health food. Therefore, it is very necessary and urgent to develop a selenium form which is more soluble, especially fat-soluble and safe and effective.
  • the present invention provides a choline salt containing a selenium compound, a preparation method thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound, and a choline salt of the selenium-containing compound the use of.
  • the present invention provides a choline salt containing a selenium compound, the structure of which is as shown in the general formula (I).
  • H x SeO y n- is selenate, selenite, hydrogen selenate or hydrogen selenite.
  • the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound is choline selenite, and its structure is as shown in the formula (Ia).
  • the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound is dicholine selenite, and its structure is as shown in the formula (Ib).
  • the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound is choline selenate, and its structure is as shown in the formula (Ic).
  • the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound is choline selenate, and its structure is as shown in the formula (Id).
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a choline salt of the selenium-containing compound, which comprises the step of reacting choline hydroxide with selenium dioxide, selenate or selenite.
  • the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound of the present invention can be prepared by the following exemplary reaction route:
  • the above reaction can also be carried out under anhydrous conditions, such as
  • the commercialized oxidized bile supplied in the form of an aqueous solution is firstly removed by freeze drying. After moisture, it is reacted with selenium dioxide in an organic solvent selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and acetonitrile.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound or a mixture thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant.
  • the mixture of the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound may be a mixture of hydrogen choline selenite and selenite, or a mixture of choline selenate and choline selenate, and the mixture may have
  • the pH of a suitable pharmaceutical such as a solution pH of from 6.8 to 8.5, is a preferred example of Example 6 and Example 7 of the present invention.
  • the animal skin irritation and vascular irritation test also showed that the injections prepared by the compounds of Examples 6 and 7 were more effective than the acidic one choline salt and the alkaline strong choline salt.
  • New Zealand rabbits have less muscle irritation, suggesting that the injection is more suitable to use a mixture of choline selenite and selenite dicholine or a mixture of choline selenate and selenate.
  • the four-way subtoxicity test showed that the compounds described in Examples 1-2, 4-7 had no significant difference in gastrointestinal tract irritation.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be a tablet, an injection, an elixir, a suppository, a capsule, an ointment, an ophthalmic preparation, a pill, an implant, a syrup, an aerosol, a film, a granule, an oral solution.
  • a dose a powder, an otic preparation, a nasal preparation, a lotion, an elixir, a gel or a patch. More preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is a soft capsule.
  • the pharmaceutical composition further comprises linoleic acid, linolenic acid, linseed oil, perilla seed oil, ganoderma lucidum spore oil, cod liver oil, vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin A, carotene, retinoic acid, DHA, AA , curcumin, allicin, elemene, zedoary turmeric oil, silymarin, lycopene and astaxanthin, and one or more of fat-soluble natural botanical ingredients such as triterpenoids and flavonoids.
  • linseed oil perilla seed oil, ganoderma lucidum spore oil, etc. are both effective ingredients for health care and treatment, and also as the choline salt, vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin A, carotene, retinoic acid, DHA, AA. Curcumin, allicin, elemene, zedoary oil, lycopene and astaxanthin, and other ingredients of triglycerides, flavonoids and other components of fat-soluble natural botanical ingredients.
  • Other vegetable oils may also be used as a solvent, such as soybean oil, peanut oil, tea oil, corn oil, etc., or other organic solvents such as glycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, mineral oil, and the like. Usually such a combination of liquid and liquid used to prepare soft capsules is more convenient for people to take.
  • Excipients in the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include diluents, antioxidants, suspending agents, emulsifying agents, preservatives, coloring agents, and the like.
  • diluents antioxidants, suspending agents, emulsifiers, preservatives, colorants
  • diluents can be conveniently found in the textbooks and technical manuals of the pharmacy, for example, commonly used diluents.
  • vegetable oil glycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, mineral oil and the like.
  • suspending agents are sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carbomer, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium sea bath, chitin, chitosan, agar, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, hydroxy Propyl cellulose, beeswax, xanthan gum, gum arabic, casein, methyl cellulose, and the like.
  • emulsifiers are methyl cellulose, monostearyl glyceride, hydrogenated lecithin, acetylated monoglyceride, diethylene glycol distearate, trishydroxymethane, casein, ethylene glycol single hard Fatty acid ester, sea bath sodium propylene glycol ester, triglycerol monolaurate, ethyl cellulose, and the like.
  • preservatives are sorbic acid, sodium methylparaben, benzoic acid, methyl sorbate, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, phenyl p-hydroxybenzoate, calcium butyl paraben, clove oil, Benzyl alcohol, sodium propyl paraben, methyl paraben and ethyl paraben.
  • the liquid medicine is enclosed in a capsule, and the composition of the capsule material usually includes gelatin, glycerin and water, as well as a coloring agent, a preservative and the like.
  • the method for preparing a soft capsule of a choline salt containing a selenium compound of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the present invention provides a health food composition
  • a health food composition comprising the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound or a mixture thereof and a food-acceptable adjuvant.
  • the mixture of the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound may be a mixture of hydrogen choline selenite and selenite, or a mixture of choline selenate and choline selenate, and the mixture may have
  • the pH of a suitable pharmaceutical such as a solution pH of from 6.8 to 8.5, is a preferred example of Example 6 and Example 7 of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a choline salt of the selenium-containing compound or a mixture thereof for use in preparation Use in a medicament or health food for preventing and/or treating a disease or condition caused by a deficiency in selenium.
  • the mixture of the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound is a mixture of choline selenite and dicholine selenite, or a mixture of choline selenate and choline selenate, wherein A solution of a mixture of choline selenate and selenite dicholine or a mixture of choline selenate and selenate choline has a pH of 6.8 to 8.5.
  • the disease or condition caused by the deficiency of selenium element is selected from the group consisting of Kaschin-Beck disease, Keshan disease, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, renal failure, nervous system disease, immune prevention and inflammatory diseases, AIDS, diabetes, endocrine disorders Male infertility, cancer, aging-related diseases, poisoning of poisonous metals and prostate diseases.
  • the cardiovascular disease is selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and coronary heart disease.
  • the liver disease is selected from the group consisting of liver cancer, alcoholic liver damage and cirrhosis;
  • the nervous system disease is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Batten's disease, epilepsy, etc., as well as ischemic injury, exposure to environmental toxins, drug abuse, brain Neurodegenerative diseases caused by tumors, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression;
  • the immunoprophylactic and inflammatory diseases are selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and Crohn's disease, psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, sepsis or sepsis-like diseases;
  • the cancer is selected from the group consisting of prostate cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Barrett's esophageal cancer.
  • the prostate disease is selected from the group consisting of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis.
  • the anti-tumor effect of the compound of the present invention on H22 mouse liver cancer xenografts is exemplified by specific examples of the present invention.
  • the anti-cancer effect of selenide has a similar mechanism, namely, anti-oxidation, enhance immunity, cause apoptosis, etc. (see Selenium biochemistry and its role for human health; Metallomics, 2014, 6, 25-54), therefore, The therapeutic effect of the selenium-containing choline salt compound of the present invention on other tumors is also the same.
  • the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound of the invention comprises a selenium-containing compound part and a choline part, and can be used as a supplement of selenium on the one hand, and choline and selenium both regulate cell apoptosis, regulate fat metabolism, and protect on the one hand.
  • the blood vessels and the like all have an effect, and therefore, the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound of the present invention is superior to the selenium-containing compound or choline alone.
  • the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound of the invention has a therapeutic effect on mouse H22 liver cancer, and the effect thereof is better than the selenium-containing compound or choline alone, and is superior to the superposition of both. Synergy.
  • the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound provided by the present invention is of great significance in the biomedical industry because it overcomes the inability of existing medicinal or edible selenium to dissolve in a fatty substance, which limits the disadvantages of medical and health use.
  • the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound of the present invention has good fat solubility.
  • the solubility of the compound of the present invention in oils and fats is 10 to 20 times that of the prior art, and is dissolved in linseed oil.
  • Ganoderma lucidum spore oil is prepared into a soft capsule or oil to meet the dietary health needs of 100-200 micrograms of selenium/day, which greatly broadens the application range of selenium as a trace element additive or drug.
  • the choline salt of the selenium-containing compound of the invention has the exact structure, overcomes the disadvantages of unstable selenium content of selenium yeast and selenized koala gum, and is more easily applied to the pharmaceutical industry and is easy to popularize and apply.
  • Figure 1 is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of selenite selenite
  • Figure 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing the inside of the broken line frame of Figure 1.
  • the nuclear magnetic resonance detection instrument is a Bruker AVANCE AV 400 MHz superconducting pulse Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer; the detection conditions are: solvent: heavy water, detection temperature: 30 ° C; detection basis: JY/T 007-1996 super General rules for guided pulse Fourier transform NMR spectroscopy.
  • choline hydroxide 10 g of choline hydroxide (50% aqueous solution), 10 ml of deionized water, placed in a 5 ° C low temperature thermostat, and stirred. Further, 5.75 g of selenic acid prepared in Example 3 was dissolved, dissolved in 10 ml of deionized water, and after cooling to room temperature, it was slowly dropped into the above aqueous choline solution, and the mixture was continuously stirred for 15 minutes while maintaining the temperature. The reaction solution was subjected to freeze-drying to remove water, and the residual water amount was further removed by vacuum drying. The obtained choline selenate can be recrystallized from ethanol/ethyl acetate.
  • choline hydroxide 50% aqueous solution
  • deionized water 30 ml of deionized water
  • the selenic acid solution prepared in Example 3 was added dropwise, and the pH of the reaction liquid was measured.
  • the pH of the solution was 7.0
  • about 0.86 g of selenic acid was added dropwise to prepare a mixed solution of choline selenate and choline selenate.
  • the reaction solution was freeze-dried to remove water.
  • Hydrogen choline selenate and choline selenate were prepared in the same manner as in Examples 4 and 5 by replacing the selenic acid solution with an equivalent amount of selenic acid.
  • Hydrogen choline selenite was prepared from Example 1, selenite selenite was prepared from Example 2, and choline selenate was prepared from Example 4, and selenate dicholine was prepared from Example 5.
  • Sodium selenite was purchased from Shanghai Sinopharm Reagent Co., Ltd. and Selenium Carrageenan was purchased from Qingdao Pengyang Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Hydrogen choline selenite was prepared from Example 1, selenite selenite was prepared from Example 2, and choline selenate was prepared from Example 4, and selenate dicholine was prepared from Example 5.
  • Sodium selenite was purchased from Shanghai Sinopharm Co., Ltd., and the potassium phosphate phosphate complex was prepared according to the method disclosed in Chinese Patent No. 200610136924.X.
  • choline salt 200 mg was dissolved in 3 g of linseed oil with 3 ml of ethanol, stirred at 60 ° C for 1 hour, until ethanol-free, centrifuged at 3000 r for 20 min, and the supernatant was aspirated.
  • Sodium selenite is prepared into a 100 mg/ml solution with deionized water, 2 ml is added to 100 g of linseed oil, stirred at 60 ° C until the oil becomes clear and transparent, centrifuged at 3000 r for 20 min, and the supernatant is aspirated.
  • the above supernatant was used to detect the content of selenium by a full-spectrum direct reading plasma atomic emission spectrometer. The results are shown in Table 1, in units of ⁇ g/g.
  • composition of liquid medicine material hydrogen choline selenite (prepared by Example 1) 1.82g, VA2.12g, VD98mg, VE70.5g, folic acid 2.82g, hydrogenated lecithin 14g, glycerol 2310g;
  • Capsule material composition gelatin 500g, glycerin 200g, water 500g, paraben methyl ester 1g, paraben ethyl ester 0.8g
  • the chemical materials were mixed, heated and stirred at 50 ° C until dissolved, and allowed to cool to obtain a drug solution having a selenium content of 260 ⁇ g / g.
  • Composition of liquid medicine material hydrogen choline selenite (prepared by Example 1) 0.516 g, linseed oil 2400 g, beeswax 61 g;
  • Capsule material composition gelatin 500g, glycerin 200g, water 500g, paraben methyl ester 1g, paraben ethyl ester 0.8g
  • composition of liquid medicine material 0.724 g of selenite selenite (prepared by Example 2), 2400 g of ganoderma lucidum spore oil;
  • Capsule material composition gelatin 500g, glycerin 200g, water 500g, paraben methyl ester 1g, paraben ethyl ester 0.8g
  • selenite dicholine 0.724 g was dissolved in 10 ml of absolute ethanol, added to the ganoderma lucidum spore oil, stirred at 50 ° C until dissolved, and allowed to cool to obtain a drug solution having a selenium content of 71 ⁇ g / g.
  • Example 15 Anti-tumor drug screening of H22 mouse liver cancer xenograft model
  • mice were randomly divided into model control group, positive drug control group (cyclophosphamide 80 mg/kg for injection) and heavy tartaric acid choline (prepared by Example 7) on day 2 (9.6 mg/kg, equivalent The last two groups of choline amounts per group), sodium selenite, selenite dicholine (prepared from Example 2), selenate dicholine (prepared from Example 5) (respectively dose 1.5 mg Se/kg )
  • Four experimental groups a total of 6 groups, each group of more than 10 animals.
  • the positive control group animals were intraperitoneally injected once every day on the first and eighth days of administration, and the experimental group was intragastrically administered once a day for 13 consecutive days.
  • the symptoms of the animals were observed in the experiment, the body weight of the animals was weighed, and the size of the tumors was measured dynamically.
  • the blood samples were taken for blood sampling, the spleen and the thymus were weighed, the tumors were weighed, and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated.
  • the animals were sacrificed within 24 hours after stopping the drug, and the tumor weight was called
  • the spleen and thymus were weighed and the visceral coefficient was calculated during dissection.
  • V ab2/2 (V is the tumor volume, a is the tumor long diameter, and b is the tumor short diameter)
  • the average tumor weight of each group was calculated, and the tumor growth inhibition rate was calculated according to the following formula and compared with the model group.
  • Tumor growth inhibition rate (mean tumor weight in the model group - mean tumor weight in the treatment group) / average tumor weight in the model group ⁇ 100%
  • Tumor growth inhibition rate ⁇ 40% was ineffective; tumor growth inhibition rate ⁇ 40%, and statistically treated P ⁇ 0.05 was effective.
  • the weight gain of the positive control group animals was significantly decreased (P ⁇ 0.05 or P ⁇ 0.01).
  • the number in parentheses is the number of animals at the end of the experiment; compared with the model control group, *P ⁇ 0.05, ** is P ⁇ 0.01.
  • Table 3 shows the effect of hematology on H22 liver cancer mice
  • the spleen weight and organ coefficient of the positive drug control group were significantly higher than the model control group (P ⁇ 0.01), and the thymus weight and organ coefficient were lower than the model control group (P ⁇ 0.01). No abnormalities were found in each experimental group.
  • the H22 mouse liver cancer of the model control group grew normally, and the tumor control rate of the positive drug control group (cyclophosphamide 80 mg/kg, administered on days 1 and 8) was 85%.
  • the tumor inhibition rate was calculated by weighing the tumor weight during dissection.
  • the inhibition rate of heavy tartaric acid choline on H22 mouse liver cancer xenografts was -1%, sodium selenite, selenite dicholine, selenate dicholine ( The doses were 1.5mgSe/kg.
  • the inhibition rates of the three experimental groups on H22 mouse liver cancer xenografts were 23% and 51%, respectively.
  • the tumor weight of 43%, selenite dicholine and selenate dicholine group was significantly lower than that of the model control group (P ⁇ 0.01).
  • Tumor growth inhibition rate (mean tumor weight in the model group - mean tumor weight in the treatment group) / average tumor weight in the model group ⁇ 100%;
  • the muscle irritants of the injections of the compounds described in Examples 1 to 2, 4 to 7 were observed.
  • the test animals were New Zealand rabbits, 3 in each group, weighing about 2.5 kg/head.
  • test substance was dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and diluted to a selenium content of 0.5 mg/ml.
  • the quadriceps muscle was administered by injection, self-control, and the test substance was administered to the left side, 1.0 ml/side, once a day. For 7 consecutive days; an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride injection was injected on the right side. Animals were observed for the injection site and surrounding reactions, and pathological examinations were performed. The irritations were comprehensively evaluated by summation of gross anatomical scores (Table 6) and histological scores (Table 7) (Table 8). The results are shown in Table 9.
  • Table 6 Table of anatomical criteria for general anatomical response to muscle stimulation
  • the irritant intensity is judged based on the sum of the gross anatomical score and the histopathological score.
  • Example 7 was not irritating by intramuscular injection, and the compound injection of Example 4 was moderately intramuscularly irritating; the injections of the compounds of Examples 1 to 2, 5 to 6 were mild. The muscle injection is irritating.

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Abstract

本发明涉及含硒化合物的胆碱盐及其制备方法和用途。本发明的含硒化合物的胆碱盐结构如通式（I）所示，其中，x＝0或1，n＝2-x，y＝3或4。本发明的含硒化合物的胆碱盐具有良好的溶解性能特别是脂溶性。

Description

含硒化合物的胆碱盐及其制备方法和用途 技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域，具体涉及含硒化合物的胆碱盐及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
胆碱是一种强有机碱，是卵磷脂的组成成分，也存在于神经鞘磷脂之中，是机体可变甲基的一个来源而作用于合成甲基的产物，同时又是乙酰胆碱的前体。胆碱也有广泛的生理功能，例如，促进脑发育和提高记忆能力，保证信息传递，调控细胞凋亡，构成生物膜的重要组成成份，促进脂肪代谢，促进体内转甲基代谢，降低血清胆固醇，等等。氯化胆碱、重酒石酸氢胆碱和柠檬酸氢胆碱等，是一种营养添加剂及祛脂剂。它能促进脂肪的代谢，防止脂肪在肝脏中的积累。作为维生素类产品，广泛地应用于药品、保健品以及食品营养添加，用于肝炎、肝功能减退、早期肝硬化、恶性贫血等。
硒是人体必需的微量元素，对健康有极其重要的生物学功能。与其它的(半)金属不同，作为硒代半胱氨酸－人类蛋白质合成的第21个氨基酸－的一部分，硒通过共转译机制成为蛋白质的一部分。至今有二十五个硒蛋白在人类体内被确认，然而它们仅有很少的功能被了解。大多数的硒蛋白参与抗氧化应答和氧化还原状态的调节，特别是谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPxs)家族和硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TrxRs)家族。一些硒蛋白还发挥更特殊的必须的作用，例如，甲腺氨酸脱碘化酶(DIOs)参与甲状腺素的代谢，GPx4是精子发育必不可少的，硒磷酸合成酶2(SPS2)参与硒蛋白的生物合成。其它的硒蛋白可能也参与了重要的生物过程，但它们确切的作用机理仍没充分认识。
尽管对它们的生化功能缺乏精确的认识，在过去二十年开展了大量的研究，表明硒水平，尤其是硒蛋白的不足与许多人类疾病相关，包括癌症、糖尿病、心血管和免疫系统疾病。大部分情况下，这种联系在于氧化应激－可能是引发疾病可由疾病引发。在这种情况下，重要的是要理解充足的硒状态是否可以对比健康疾病的风险因素，或者当硒代谢改变时补充硒是否改善健康。另外，最近发现硒蛋白的基因多态性与癌症和其它疾病相关，引起了人 们的注意。癌症研究是最有希望的战线，硒作为一些新设计的抗癌药和关键组成，已经试验使用。大量文献支持了硒对人类健康的重要作用，催生了补充硒的研究热点。
在过去二十年已经证明，硒可能直接或间接地与多种人类健康失常有关。大部分的这些联系是由于在氧化应激下降过程中GPxs和TrxRs酶的作用，这些(氧化应激的减少)已被确认为是一些疾病的发展和恶化的主要原因。其他的一些硒蛋白也参与特定的的过程，如钙离子传导信号，大脑功能和精子形成等。与硒不足相关的基因改变或低表达被认定是引起相关病理的原因；然而，与人类疾病相关的硒蛋白质的作用机制还处于未知的现状。大多数硒蛋白表现出对人类疾病有益的作用，这意味着活性不足可能与病理状态的发生或发展有关。Marco Roman,Petru Jitaru和Carlo Barbante三位科学家从流行病学调查和硒蛋白的生物功能方面综述分析了硒缺乏引起的人类疾病(Selenium biochemistry and its role for human health；Metallomics,2014,6,25－54)，Selenium biochemistry and its role for human health(Metallomics,2014,6,25－54)第五节“硒与人类疾病”(“Selenium and human diseases”)的内容全部或部分并入本发明说明书，作为本发明的背景技术。补充可以对对抗各种硒缺乏引起的疾病，包括大骨节病；克山病；心血管疾病(CVD)，包括动脉粥样硬化、高血压、充血性心力衰竭和冠心病；肝病，包括酒精性肝损伤和肝硬化；肾功能衰竭；神经系统疾病，包括神经退行性疾病，如阿尔茨海默氏病，帕金斯氏病，多发性硬化症，巴滕氏病和癫痫等，以及缺血性损伤、接触环境毒素、滥用药物、脑肿瘤等引起的神经退行性疾病，强迫性(精神)障碍，抑郁症等；免疫预防和炎症性疾病，包括类风湿性关节炎、哮喘和Crohn’s病、牛皮癣、红斑狼疮、败血症或败血症样疾病；艾滋病(HIV)；糖尿病；内分泌紊乱；男性不育症；癌症，包括列腺癌、膀胱癌、肺癌、直肠癌、肝癌、大肠癌、子宫颈癌、乳腺癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、巴雷特食管癌，癌症放疗过程中增强正常组织对辐射的防护作用，以及提高晚期癌症患者的总体生活质量；衰老有关的疾病；有毒金属的中毒。
硒对前列腺疾病也有治疗作用。近年来大量基础研究显示前列腺增生可能是前列腺间质与上皮的相互作用所致，即上皮与间质通过各种细胞因子的相互调控，促使上皮与间质增生。目前已知3种前列腺上皮细胞(神经内分泌细胞，分泌细胞和基底细胞)5种间质细胞(平滑肌、纤维母细胞、淋巴细胞、内皮细胞和神经细胞)参与相互作用。信息传递是通过各种生长因子 和通过3种细胞(神经、淋巴和内皮细胞)产生的一氧化氮介导的，从而使细胞凋亡减少，增生加速，最终导致腺体增生。大量的研究表明硒化合物有诱导细胞凋亡的作用。Wan,X.Steven(Oncology Reports,10(6),2009-2014；2003)将九个影响细胞生长或克隆存活的化学预防剂用于正常的非致癌人前列腺上皮细胞系(267B1)、一个人类良性前列腺增生(增生)细胞系(brf-55t)和一个人类前列腺癌细胞系(267b1/Ki-ras)，对其进行评估。被试验的九种药物中的9-顺式维甲酸，利阿唑甲酯，1,4-苯基二(亚甲基)硒腈(p-XSC)和L-硒代蛋氨酸被证明对前列腺癌细胞生长抑制作用明显强于对正常的前列腺上皮细胞的抑制作用，表明这些药物可能是有用的作为前列腺癌的化学预防剂。9-顺式维甲酸，金雀，利阿唑甲酯，p-XSC，L-硒代蛋氨酸和维生素E对BRF-55T细胞生长抑制作用远强于对正常前列腺上皮细胞的抑制，表明这些药物也可能是有益的预防和治疗前列腺增生(BPH)。硒能抑制环氧合酶-2(COX-2)的表达，增强谷胱甘肽的抗氧化作用，抑制前列腺素E2的合成等，是治疗前列腺炎的基础。
研究发现，硒与维生素E、维生素D、维生素A、胡萝卜素、维甲酸、DHA、AA、姜黄素、大蒜素、榄香烯、莪术油、水飞蓟、蕃茄红素和虾青素，以及三萜类、黄酮等脂溶性成份联合使用对抗氧化损伤、化学预防等有明显益处。植物来源的脂溶性成份，例如亚油酸、亚麻酸、紫苏籽油、亚麻籽油、灵芝孢子油等，以及动物来源的鱼肝油等，具有很好的抗氧化作用，可以预防和治疗血管硬化症、癌症等。可以预见，这些成份和硒配伍制成药物或保健食品很有必要，且有很好的经济效益。
目前，现有技术中可用于人体的硒的形式仍很有限，通过化学合成方法获得的有亚硒酸钠、硒酸钾、硒化卡拉胶、硒代蛋氨酸、硒代半胱氨酸和硒代胱氨酸等，通过发酵或发芽获得的有富硒酵母、富硒麦芽等。中国发明专利200610136924.X公开了一种新的硒化合物磷酸硒钾复合物。
然而，现有的硒化合物的存在形式的性质极大地限制了它的应用。例如，现有的硒化合物(例如亚硒酸钠、硒酸钾、硒化卡拉胶、硒代蛋氨酸、硒代半胱氨酸、硒代胱氨酸、富硒酵母、富硒麦芽等)的溶解性特别是脂溶性很差，尤其不能溶于植物油、矿物油、以及常见有机溶剂如甘油、乙二醇、丙二醇等中。因此，其在制剂方面存在较大困难和限制。此外，现有的硒化合物在与其他活性成分(例如有较好防癌抗癌作用的亚麻籽油、灵芝孢子油等)配伍制成剂型时会有困难。另外，对于脂溶性溶剂(例如油)而言，虽然可 以考虑向体系中添加乳化剂(如司盘类和吐温类等)，但出于安全性考虑，批准用于保健食品乳化剂的种类和用量实际上都受到严格限制，因此通常并不可行，也不符合人们希望获得绿色安全保健食品的要求。因此，开发溶解性特别是脂溶性更好、安全有效的硒形态非常有必要和迫切。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种含硒化合物的胆碱盐，其制备方法，包含该含硒化合物的胆碱盐的药物组合物，以及该含硒化合物的胆碱盐的用途。
本发明实现上述目的的技术方案如下：
一方面，本发明提供一种含硒化合物的胆碱盐，其结构如通式(I)所示，
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000001
其中，x＝0或1，n＝2-x，y＝3或4。
优选地，HxSeOy n-为硒酸根、亚硒酸根、硒酸氢根或亚硒酸氢根。
优选地，x＝1，n＝1，y＝3。即所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐为亚硒酸氢胆碱，其结构如式(Ia)所示，
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000002
优选地，x＝0，n＝2，y＝3。即所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐为亚硒酸二胆碱，其结构如式(Ib)所示，
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000003
优选地，x＝1，n＝1，y＝4。即所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐为硒酸氢胆碱，其结构如式(Ic)所示，
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000004
优选地，x＝0，n＝2，y＝4。即所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐为硒酸二胆碱，其结构如式(Id)所示，
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000005
另一方面，本发明提供一种所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐的制备方法，该方法包括使氢氧化胆碱与二氧化硒、硒酸或亚硒酸进行反应的步骤。
本发明所述的含硒化合物的胆碱盐可通过以下示例性反应路线来制备得到：
方案一：胆碱的亚硒酸盐的合成：
SeO2+H2O→H2SeO3
HOCH2CH2N(CH3)3OH+H2SeO3→HOCH2CH2N(CH3)3.HSeO3+H2O
2HOCH2CH2N(CH3)3OH+H2SeO3→2HOCH2CH2N(CH3)3.SeO3+2H2O
方案二：胆碱的硒酸盐的合成
SeO2+H2O2→H2SeO4
HOCH2CH2N(CH3)3OH+H2SeO4→HOCH2CH2N(CH3)3.HSeO4+H2O
2HOCH2CH2N(CH3)3OH+H2SeO4→2HOCH2CH2N(CH3)3.SeO4+2H2O
由于商品化的氢氧化胆碱通常以水溶液的形式供应，因此，上述方案一和方案二是在含水条件下反应的。
以上反应还可以在无水条件下反应，如
方案三：
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000007
在方案三中，先将以水溶液的形式供应的商品化氢氧化胆冷冻干燥除去 水分后，在有机溶剂中与二氧化硒反应，有机溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丙三醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮和乙腈中的一种或多种。
又一方面，本发明提供一种药物组合物，该药物组合物包含所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐或其混合物以及药学上可接受的辅料。
优选地，所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐的混合物可以是亚硒酸氢胆碱和亚硒酸二胆碱混合物或硒酸氢胆碱和硒酸二胆碱的混合物，这种混合物可以有适宜制药的酸碱度，例如溶液pH在6.8～8.5，优选的例子是本发明的实施例6和实施例7。通过动物皮肤刺激性和血管刺激性试验也表明，实施例6和实施例7的化合物制成的注射液比酸性强的一胆碱盐、碱性强的二胆碱盐制成的注射液对新西兰兔肌肉刺激性更小，提示该注射液更适宜使用亚硒酸氢胆碱和亚硒酸二胆碱混合物或硒酸氢胆碱和硒酸二胆碱的混合物。而四周的亚毒性试验则表明实施例1～2，4～7所述的化合物对胃肠道的刺激性则无明显区别。
优选地，所述药物组合物可以是片剂、注射剂、酊剂、栓剂、胶囊剂、软膏剂、眼用制剂、丸剂、植入剂、糖浆剂、气雾剂、膜剂、颗粒剂、口服溶液剂、散剂、耳用制剂、鼻用制剂、洗剂、搽剂、凝胶剂或贴剂的形式。更优选地，所述药物组合物是软胶囊剂。
优选地，所述药物组合物还包含亚油酸、亚麻酸、亚麻籽油、紫苏籽油、灵芝孢子油、鱼肝油、维生素E、维生素D、维生素A、胡萝卜素、维甲酸、DHA、AA、姜黄素、大蒜素、榄香烯、莪术油、水飞蓟、蕃茄红素和虾青素，以及三萜类、黄酮等脂溶性天然植物成份中的一种或多种。
上述的亚麻籽油、紫苏籽油、灵芝孢子油等既是保健和治疗的有效成份，也作为所述的胆碱盐、维生素E、维生素D、维生素A、胡萝卜素、维甲酸、DHA、AA、姜黄素、大蒜素、榄香烯、莪术油、蕃茄红素和虾青素，以及三萜类、黄酮等脂溶性天然植物成份其它成份的溶剂。还可以用其它的植物油作为溶剂，如大豆油、花生油、茶油、玉米油等，或药用的其它有机溶剂，如甘油、乙二醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、矿物油等。通常这样的药液配伍用来制备软胶囊更方便人们的服用。
将本发明的含硒化合物的胆碱盐和亚油酸、亚麻酸、亚麻籽油、紫苏籽油、灵芝孢子油、鱼肝油、维生素E、维生素D、维生素A、胡萝卜素、维甲酸、DHA、AA、姜黄素、大蒜素、榄香烯、莪术油、蕃茄红素和虾青素，以及三萜类、黄酮等脂溶性天然植物成份等配伍，可以方便地制备成滴丸、 软胶囊等群众乐于接受的剂型，这些配伍对于人们防癌抗癌、软化血管、预防和治疗粥样动脉硬化症、冠心病、抗氧化、提高机体免疫力等有良好的医疗保健意义。
本发明的药物组合物中的辅料包括稀释剂、抗氧化剂，助悬剂、乳化剂、防腐剂、着色剂等。
以上所述的稀释剂、抗氧化剂，助悬剂、乳化剂、防腐剂、着色剂，本领域的技术人员可以方便地从制剂学的教科书和技术手册中查到，例如，常使用的稀释剂有植物油、甘油、乙二醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、矿物油等。常使用的助悬剂有羟甲基纤维素钠、卡波姆、聚乙烯醇、羟乙基纤维素、海澡酸钠、甲壳素、甲壳糖、琼脂、羟乙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、蜂蜡、黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、干酪素、甲基纤维素等。常使用的乳化剂有甲基纤维素、单硬脂酯甘油酯、氢化卵磷脂、乙酰化单甘油酯、二乙二醇二硬脂酸酯、三羟基甲烷、干酪素、乙二醇单硬脂酸酯、海澡酸钠丙二醇酯、二缩三甘油单月桂酸酯、乙基纤维素等。常使用的防腐剂有山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠、苯甲酸、山梨酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸苯酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯钙、丁香油、苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯钠、尼泊金甲酯和尼泊金乙酯等。
通常药液是包在囊壳中的，囊壳材料的组成通常包括明胶、甘油和水，以及着色剂、防腐剂等。
本发明的含硒化合物的胆碱盐的软胶囊的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)取本发明的含硒化合物的胆碱盐和其它有效成份、辅料置稀释剂中，加热溶解，得药液；
(2)取明胶、水、甘油，置容器中加热溶解、滤过，滤液加入防腐剂，混匀、得胶皮溶液；
(3)取上述药液和胶皮液，用软胶囊生产设备压制成型，干燥即得。
再一方面，本发明提供一种保健食品组合物，该保健食品组合物包含所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐或其混合物以及食品学上可接受的辅料。
优选地，所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐的混合物可以是亚硒酸氢胆碱和亚硒酸二胆碱混合物或硒酸氢胆碱和硒酸二胆碱的混合物，这种混合物可以有适宜制药的酸碱度，例如溶液pH在6.8～8.5，优选的例子是本发明的实施例6和实施例7。
再又一方面，本发明提供所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐或其混合物在制备用 于预防和/或治疗硒元素缺乏引起的疾病或病症的药物或保健食品中的用途。
优选地，所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐的混合物是亚硒酸氢胆碱和亚硒酸二胆碱混合物，或者硒酸氢胆碱和硒酸二胆碱的混合物，其中，所述亚硒酸氢胆碱和亚硒酸二胆碱混合物或者硒酸氢胆碱和硒酸二胆碱的混合物的溶液的pH值为6.8～8.5。
优选地，所述硒元素缺乏引起的疾病或病症选自大骨节病、克山病、心血管疾病、肝病、肾功能衰竭、神经系统疾病、免疫预防和炎症性疾病、艾滋病、糖尿病、内分泌紊乱、男性不育症、癌症、衰老有关的疾病、有毒金属的中毒和前列腺疾病。
优选地，所述心血管疾病选自动脉粥样硬化、高血压、充血性心力衰竭和冠心病。
优选地，所述肝病选自肝癌、酒精性肝损伤和肝硬化；
优选地，所述神经系统疾病选自阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金斯氏病、多发性硬化症、巴滕氏病、癫痫等，以及缺血性损伤、接触环境毒素、滥用药物、脑肿瘤等引起的神经退行性疾病，强迫性精神障碍，抑郁症；
优选地，所述免疫预防和炎症性疾病选自类风湿性关节炎、哮喘和Crohn’s病、牛皮癣、红斑狼疮、败血症或败血症样疾病；
优选地，所述癌症选自前列腺癌、膀胱癌、肺癌、直肠癌、肝癌、大肠癌、子宫颈癌、乳腺癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、巴雷特食管癌。
优选地，所述前列腺疾病选自前列腺良性增生和前列腺炎。
治疗癌症作为本发明的一个重要应用，本发明的通过具体的实施例证明了本发明的化合物对H22小鼠肝癌移植瘤的抗肿瘤作用。但硒化物抗癌作用具有相似的机理，即抗氧化作用、增强免疫力作用、引起凋亡作用等(见Selenium biochemistry and its role for human health；Metallomics,2014,6,25-54)，因此，本发明的含硒胆碱盐化合物对其它肿瘤的治疗作用也是一样的。
本发明的含硒化合物的胆碱盐至少具有以下有益效果：
本发明含硒化合物的胆碱盐同时包含含硒化合物部分和胆碱部分，一方面可以作为硒的补充剂，另一方面胆碱和硒两者在调控细胞凋亡、调节脂肪的代谢、保护血管等方面都有作用，因此，本发明含硒化合物的胆碱盐效果优于单独的含硒化合物或胆碱。本发明含硒化合物的胆碱盐对小鼠H22肝癌的有治疗作用，其效果优于单独的含硒化合物或胆碱，也优于两者叠加，有 协同作用。
本发明提供的含硒化合物的胆碱盐在生物医药工业上非常有意义，因为其克服了现有的可药用或食用的硒不能溶解在脂性物质中，限制了医药保健用途的缺点。
本发明含硒化合物的胆碱盐具有良好的脂溶性，尤其是，如实施例所示的，本发明的化合物在油脂中的溶解度是现有技术的10～20倍，溶解于亚麻籽油、灵芝胞子油中，制备成软胶囊剂或油剂，满足100～200微克硒/天的膳食保健需要，大大地拓宽了硒作为微量元素添加剂或药物的应用范围。
本发明含硒化合物的胆碱盐结构确切，克服了硒酵母、硒化考拉胶硒含量不稳定的缺点，更容易应用于制药工业和易于推广应用。
附图说明
图1为亚硒酸二胆碱的核磁共振氢谱；
图2为图1虚线框内的局部放大示意图。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体的实施例进一步说明本发明，但以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限制本发明。
以下实施例中，核磁共振检测仪器为Bruker AVANCE AV 400MHz超导脉冲傅里叶变换核磁共振谱仪；检测条件为：溶剂：重水，检测温度：30℃；检测依据：JY/T 007-1996超导脉冲傅里叶变换核磁共振谱方法通则。其中Se77NMR用0.4M的亚硒酸定位(δ＝28.62ppm,in D2O)。
如无特殊指出，如下实施例中C、H、N含量用元素分析仪方法测定，硒的含量使用中华人民共和国国家标准GB2124-80《硒中硒量的测定(硫代硫酸钠容量法)》测定。
实施例1亚硒酸氢胆碱的制备
氢氧化胆碱(50％水溶液)10克，加去离子水10毫升，置于5℃低温恒温槽中，搅拌。另称取二氧化硒4.4克，加去离子水10毫升溶解，冷却到室温后，缓慢滴入上述的胆碱水溶液中，滴毕，维持温度继续搅拌15分钟。反应液用冷冻干燥除去水，残余水量可进一步用真空干燥除去，得到亚硒酸氢胆碱，还可以用乙醇/乙酸乙酯重结晶，得到晶体。1HNMR in D2Oδ(ppm) 4.0687～4.0302(2H,p)；3.5190～3.4939(2H,p)；3.1892(9H,s).Se77NMR in D2Oδ(ppm),43.90。元素含量:C,25.83；H,6.44；N,6.07；Se,33.89。理论值：C,25.87；H,6.51；N,6.03；Se,34.01。
实施例2亚硒酸二胆碱的制备
氢氧化胆碱(50％水溶液)10克，加去离子水10毫升，置于5℃低温恒温槽中，搅拌。另称取二氧化硒2.2克，加去离子水5毫升溶解，冷却到室温后，缓慢滴入上述的胆碱水溶液中，滴毕，维持温度继续搅拌15分钟。反应液用冷冻干燥除去水，残余水量可进一步用真空干燥除去。得到亚硒酸二胆碱，还可以用乙醇/乙酸乙酯重结晶，得到晶体。所得晶体的核磁共振氢谱图如图1和图2所示。1HNMR in D2Oδ(ppm)4.0689～4.0305(2H,p)；3.5188～3.4937(2H,p)；3.1895(9H,s).Se77NMR in D2Oδ(ppm),1.27。元素含量:C,35.88；H,8.36；N,8.31；Se,23.63。理论值：C,35.82；H,8.42；N,8.35；Se,23.55。
实施例3硒酸的制备
15克二氧化硒溶于10毫升水中，加入500克含量大于30％的双氧水，回流12小时，然后在133.3～233.6Pa的压强下减压蒸馏至433K脱水，所得浓溶液冷至283～288K加入固体硒酸晶体，产物放在666.6Pa以下干燥气流中干燥。
实施例4硒酸氢胆碱的制备
氢氧化胆碱(50％水溶液)10克，加去离子水10毫升，置于5℃低温恒温槽中，搅拌。另称取实施例3制备的硒酸5.75克，加去离子水10毫升溶解，冷却到室温后，缓慢滴入上述的胆碱水溶液中，滴毕，维持温度继续搅拌15分钟。反应液用冷冻干燥除去水，残余水量可进一步用真空干燥除去。得到的硒酸氢胆碱可以用乙醇/乙酸乙酯重结晶。1HNMR in D2Oδ(ppm)4.0727～4.0348(2H,p)；3.5238～3.4988(2H,p)；3.1933(9H,s).元素含量:C,24.25；H,6.13；N,5.58；Se,32.02。理论值：C,24.20；H,6.09；N,5.64；Se,31.82。
实施例5硒酸二胆碱的制备
氢氧化胆碱(50％水溶液)10克，加去离子水10毫升，置于5℃低温 恒温配槽中，搅拌。另称取实施例3制备的硒酸2.87克，加去离子水5毫升溶解，冷却到室温后，缓慢滴入上述的胆碱水溶液中，滴毕，维持温度继续搅拌15分钟。反应液用冷冻干燥除去水，残余水量可进一步用真空干燥除去。得到的硒酸二胆碱可以用乙醇/乙酸乙酯重结晶。1HNMR in D2Oδ(ppm)4.0697～4.0313(2H,p)；3.5208～3.4957(2H,p)；3.1907(9H,s).Se77NMR in D2Oδ(ppm),-227.83。元素含量:C,34.17；H,8.06；N,8.02；Se,22.39。理论值：C,34.19；H,8.03；N,7.97；Se,22.48。
实施例6亚硒酸氢胆碱和亚硒酸二胆碱混合物的制备
称取二氧化硒适量溶于去离子水配制成20％的亚硒酸溶液备用，氢氧化胆碱(50％水溶液)10克，加去离子水30毫升，置于5℃低温恒温槽中，搅拌。冷却到室温后，缓慢滴加亚硒酸溶液，并测定反应液的PH。溶液PH在8.0时，约共滴加二氧化硒3克，制得亚硒酸氢胆碱和亚硒酸二胆碱的混合溶液，反应液用冷冻干燥除去水，即得。
实施例7硒酸氢胆碱和硒酸二胆碱的混合物的制备
氢氧化胆碱(50％水溶液)3.6克，加去离子水30毫升，置于5℃低温恒温槽中，搅拌。滴加入施例3制备的硒酸溶液中，并测定反应液的PH。溶液PH在7.0时，约共滴加硒酸0.86克，制得硒酸氢胆碱和硒酸二胆碱的混合溶液，反应液用冷冻干燥除去水，即得。
实施例8硒酸溶液的制备
15克二氧化硒溶于10毫升水中，加入500克含量大于30％的双氧水，回流12小时，然后在133.3～233.6Pa的压强下减压蒸馏至433K脱水，所得浓溶液定容到20毫升，得硒酸溶液，测定硒的含量，避光放置待用。
按实施例4和5的方法，用等当量的硒酸溶液代替硒酸制备硒酸氢胆碱和硒酸二胆碱。
实施例9重酒石酸胆碱的制备
氢氧化胆碱(50％水溶液)10克，加去离子水10毫升，置于5℃低温恒温槽中，搅拌。另称L(+)酒石酸6.19克，加去离子水15毫升溶解，冷却到室温后，缓慢滴入上述的胆碱水溶液中，滴毕，维持温度继续搅拌15分 钟。反应液用冷冻干燥除去水，残余水量可进一步用真空干燥除去。
实施例10溶解性能试验(一)
1、样品来源
亚硒酸氢胆碱由实施例1制备而来，亚硒酸二胆碱由实施例2制备而来，硒酸氢胆碱由实施例4制备而来，硒酸二胆碱由实施例5制备而来。亚硒酸钠购自上海国药试剂公司、硒化卡拉胶购自青岛鹏洋科技有限公司。
2、实验过程
实验结果如下表所示：
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000008
实施例11溶解性能试验(二)－在油脂中的溶解性
1、样品来源
亚硒酸氢胆碱由实施例1制备而来，亚硒酸二胆碱由实施例2制备而来，硒酸氢胆碱由实施例4制备而来，硒酸二胆碱由实施例5制备而来。亚硒酸钠购自上海国药试剂公司，磷酸硒钾复合物按照中国专利200610136924.X公开的方法制备。
2、实验过程
200mg胆碱盐用3ml乙醇溶解加入100g亚麻籽油中，60℃搅拌1小时，至无乙醇味，3000r离心20min，吸取上清液检测。亚硒酸钠用去离子水配制成100mg/ml的溶液，取2ml加入100g亚麻籽油中，60℃搅拌到油液变澄清透明，3000r离心20min，吸取上清液检测。以上离心上清液用全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱仪检测硒的含量，结果如下表1，单位μg/g。
表1
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000009
实施例12复方维生素硒软胶囊的制备
药液材料组成：亚硒酸氢胆碱(由实施例1制备)1.82g，VA2.12g，VD98mg，VE70.5g，叶酸2.82g，氢化卵磷脂14g，甘油2310g；
囊壳材料组成：明胶500g，甘油200g，水500g，尼泊金甲酯1g，尼泊金乙酯0.8g
制备工艺
将药液材料混合，50℃加热搅拌至溶解，放冷，得硒含量到260μg/g的药液。
另以明胶、甘油、水，置适容器中在80℃加热溶解，滤过，滤液加入尼泊金乙酯和尼泊金甲酯，混匀，于60℃保温，得胶皮溶液，以上述药液和胶皮溶液，用软胶囊生产设备，调整(90μg硒/350mg药液)规格，压制成型，抛光，干燥后即得。
实施例13亚麻酸胆碱硒软胶囊的制备
药液材料组成：亚硒酸氢胆碱(由实施例1制备)0.516g，亚麻籽油2400g，蜂蜡61g；
囊壳材料组成：明胶500g，甘油200g，水500g，尼泊金甲酯1g，尼泊金乙酯0.8g
制备工艺
将蜂蜡置亚麻籽油中，加热至熔融，放冷至室温，待用。0.516g亚硒酸氢胆碱溶于10毫升无水乙醇中，加入到上述亚麻籽油中，60℃加热搅拌至溶解，放冷，得硒含量到71μg/g的药液。
另以明胶、甘油、水，置适容器中在80℃加热溶解，滤过，滤液加入尼泊金乙酯和尼泊金甲酯，混匀，于60℃保温，得胶皮溶液，以上述药液和胶皮溶液，用软胶囊生产设备，调整(25μg硒/350mg药液)规格，压制成型，抛光，干燥后即得。
实施例14复方硒灵芝孢子油软胶囊的制备
药液材料组成：亚硒酸二胆碱(由实施例2制备)0.724g，灵芝孢子油2400g；
囊壳材料组成：明胶500g，甘油200g，水500g，尼泊金甲酯1g，尼泊金乙酯0.8g
制备工艺
0.724g亚硒酸二胆碱溶于10毫升无水乙醇中，加入到灵芝孢子油中，50℃加热搅拌至溶解，放冷，得硒含量到71μg/g的药液。
另以明胶、甘油、水，置适容器中在80℃加热溶解，滤过，滤液加入尼泊金乙酯和尼泊金甲酯，混匀，于60℃保温，得胶皮溶液，以上述药液和胶皮溶液，用软胶囊生产设备，调整(25μg硒/350mg药液)规格，压制成型，抛光，干燥后即得。
实施例15：H22小鼠肝癌移植瘤模型抗肿瘤药效筛选
试验用雄性昆明种小鼠，将H22癌细胞进行复苏，接种于小鼠腹腔，接种后第10天抽取种鼠腹水，以腹水：生理盐水＝1：2稀释，将细胞悬液注射至实验小鼠右腋皮下,每只鼠0.2mL，全程严格无菌操作，60min内完成。动物接种细胞后均在第2天随机分为模型对照组、阳性药对照组(注射用环磷酰胺80mg/kg)和重酒石酸胆碱(由实施例7制备)(9.6mg/kg，相当于最后两组每组的胆碱量)、亚硒酸钠、亚硒酸二胆碱(由实施例2制备)、硒酸二胆碱(由实施例5制备)(分别剂量为1.5mgSe/kg)四个实验组，共6个组，每组大于10只动物。阳性药对照组动物在开始给药第1、8天腹腔注射各1次，实验组动物每天灌胃给药1次，连续给药13天。实验中观察动物的症状，称量动物体重，动态测定瘤的大小，于实验组给药结束后第2天动物采血测定血常规，脾脏和胸腺称重，取瘤称重，计算抑瘤率。
1、检测指标
(1)临床观察：
造模开始后每天观察动物的一般症状，包括肿瘤的生长情况。
(2)体重
动物接收当天、造模前、药前(D1)，D4、D8、D11、D14测定动物体重。
(3)瘤重检查：
停药后24小时内处死动物，称瘤重
(4)血液学检测
于解剖前采血，测定血常规。
(5)脏器重量及系数
解剖时取脾脏及胸腺称重并计算脏体系数。
(6)肿瘤大小的动态测定
动物于给药第6、8、14天测定动物肿瘤长短径，肿瘤大小按以下公式计算。
V＝ab2/2(V为肿瘤体积，a为肿瘤长径，b为肿瘤短径)
2、结果处理和分析
计算各组平均瘤重，按下面公式计算肿瘤生长抑制率并与模型组进行比较。
肿瘤生长抑制率＝(模型组平均瘤重-治疗组平均瘤重)/模型组平均瘤重×100％
肿瘤生长抑制率<40％为无效；肿瘤生长抑制率≥40％，并经统计学处理P<0.05为有效。
3、结果
(1)一般观察
给药过程中，有个别动物因操作失误引起死亡，其他组别动物未见明显异常。
(2)体重：详见表2。
阳性药对照组动物体重增长均有显著性有减小(P<0.05或P<0.01)。
表2对H22肝癌小鼠体重的影响
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000011
注：括号内数字为实验结束时动物数；与模型对照组比较，*P<0.05，**为P<0.01。
(3)血常规：详见表3。
试验中血常规检测发现阳性药对照(环磷酰胺)组动物红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白量(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、中性粒细胞比例(MONO％)和嗜酸性粒细胞比例(EO％)显著小于模型对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)，亚硒酸二胆 碱组动物红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白量(HGB)显著大于模型对照组(P<0.05)，其它组未见异常。
表3对H22肝癌小鼠血液学的影响
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000013
注：*p<0.05，**p<0.01，与模型对照组比较。
(4)脾脏和胸腺重量及脏器系数：详见表4
阳性药对照组脾脏重量和脏器系数均显著大于模型对照组(P<0.01)，胸腺重量和脏器系数均小于模型对照组(P<0.01)，各实验组未见异常。
表4抗肿瘤试验对动物脾脏和胸腺重量(克)及系数(％)的影响(克，均数±标准差)
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000014
注：*p<0.05，**p<0.01，与模型对照组比较。
(5)抑瘤率：详见表5。
模型对照组动物的H22小鼠肝癌生长正常，阳性药对照组动物(环磷酰胺80mg/kg，第1、8天给药)的抑瘤率达85％。
通过解剖时称量肿瘤重量计算抑瘤率，重酒石酸胆碱对H22小鼠肝癌移植瘤的抑瘤率为-1％，亚硒酸钠、亚硒酸二胆碱、硒酸二胆碱(剂量均为1.5mgSe/kg)三个实验组对H22小鼠肝癌移植瘤的抑瘤率分别是23％、51％、 43％，亚硒酸二胆碱、硒酸二胆碱组的瘤重显著小于模型对照组(P<0.01)。
表5、对H22小鼠肝癌瘤重及抑制率的影响(第一批，
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000015
)
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000016
注：1.肿瘤生长抑制率＝(模型组平均瘤重-治疗组平均瘤重)/模型组平均瘤重×100％；
2.**P<0.01，与模型对照组比较。
(6)肿瘤大小的动态测定
实验观察发现，各实验组在给药第5-6天对H22小鼠肝癌移植瘤未见明显的抑制作用，但随着给药时间的延长，亚硒酸二胆碱、硒酸二胆碱对H22小鼠肝癌移植瘤的抑制作用越来越明显。
抗癌实验总结：各实验组动物均未见异常的症状，重酒石酸胆碱对H22小鼠肝癌移植瘤的抑瘤率为-1％，说明胆碱本身在9.6mg/kg剂量水平并没有抗肿瘤的作用，1.5mgSe/kg的亚硒酸钠、亚硒酸二胆碱、硒酸二胆碱对H22小鼠肝癌移植瘤的抑瘤率分别是23％、51％、43％，1.5mgSe/kg亚硒酸二胆碱和硒酸二胆碱组的瘤重显著小于模型对照组(P<0.01)。通过测量瘤大小发现各实验组在给药第5-6天开始对H22小鼠肝癌有明显的抑制作用，但随着给药时间的延长，1.5mgSe/kg亚硒酸二胆碱和硒酸二胆碱组对H22小鼠肝癌的抑制作用越来越明显。
实施例16肌肉刺激性试验
观察实施例1～2、4～7所述化合物注射液的肌肉刺激性，试验动物为新西兰兔，每组3只，体重约2.5kg/只。
各受试物用0.9％氯化钠注射液溶解并稀释到硒含量0.5mg/ml，股四头肌注射给药，自身对照，左侧给予受试物，1.0ml/侧，每日1次，连续7天；右侧注射等体积的0.9％氯化钠注射液。观察动物的注射部位及周围的反应，并进行病理学检查，刺激性以大体解剖评分(如表6)和组织学评分(如表7)之和进行综合评价(如表8)。结果如表9所示。
表6肌肉刺激大体解剖反应分级标准表
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000017
表7肌肉刺激性反应组织病理学改变分级标准
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000018
注：每例动物按最大分值病变计分。
表8肌肉刺激性强度分级标准
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000019
注：根据大体解剖评分与组织病理学评分之和判断刺激性强度。
表9肌肉刺激性试验结果
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000020
Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-000021
实验结果表明：实施例7的化合物注射液无肌肉注射刺激性，实施例4的化合物注射液有中度的肌肉注射刺激性；实施例1～2、5～6的化合物的注射液有轻度的肌肉注射刺激性。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种含硒化合物的胆碱盐，其结构如通式(I)所示，
    Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-100001
    其中，x＝0或1，n＝2-x，y＝3或4。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物，其特征在于，所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐为
    Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2015076981-appb-100003
  3. 一种制备权利要求1或2所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐的方法，该方法包括使氢氧化胆碱与二氧化硒、亚硒酸或硒酸进行反应的步骤。
  4. 一种药物组合物，该药物组合物包含权利要求1或2所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐或其混合物以及药学上可接受的辅料；优选地，所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐的混合物是亚硒酸氢胆碱和亚硒酸二胆碱混合物，或者硒酸氢胆碱和硒酸二胆碱的混合物，其中，所述亚硒酸氢胆碱和亚硒酸二胆碱混合物或者硒酸氢胆碱和硒酸二胆碱的混合物的溶液的pH值为6.8～8.5。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的药物组合物，其特征在于，所述药物组合物为片剂、注射剂、酊剂、栓剂、胶囊剂、软膏剂、眼用制剂、丸剂、植入剂、糖浆剂、气雾剂、膜剂、颗粒剂、口服溶液剂、散剂、耳用制剂、鼻用制剂、洗剂、搽剂、凝胶剂或贴剂的形式；优选地，所述药物组合物为软胶囊剂。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的药物组合物，其特征在于，所述药物组合物还包含亚油酸、亚麻酸、亚麻籽油、紫苏籽油、灵芝孢子油、鱼肝油、维生素E、维生素D、维生素A、胡萝卜素、维甲酸、DHA、AA、姜黄素、大蒜素、榄香烯、莪术油、蕃茄红素和虾青素，以及三萜类、黄酮等脂溶性天然植物成份中的一种或多种。
  7. 一种保健食品组合物，该保健食品组合物包含权利要求1或2所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐或其混合物以及食品学上可接受的辅料；优选地，所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐的混合物是亚硒酸氢胆碱和亚硒酸二胆碱混合物，或者硒酸氢胆碱和硒酸二胆碱的混合物，其中，所述亚硒酸氢胆碱和亚硒酸二胆 碱混合物或者硒酸氢胆碱和硒酸二胆碱的混合物的溶液的pH值为6.8～8.5。
  8. 权利要求1或2所述的含硒化合物的胆碱盐或其混合物在制备用于预防和/或治疗硒元素缺乏引起的疾病或病症的药物或保健食品中的用途；
    优选地，所述含硒化合物的胆碱盐的混合物是亚硒酸氢胆碱和亚硒酸二胆碱混合物，或者硒酸氢胆碱和硒酸二胆碱的混合物，其中，所述亚硒酸氢胆碱和亚硒酸二胆碱混合物或者硒酸氢胆碱和硒酸二胆碱的混合物的溶液的pH值为6.8～8.5；
    优选地，所述硒元素缺乏引起的疾病或病症选自大骨节病、克山病、心血管疾病、肝病、肾功能衰竭、神经系统疾病、免疫预防和炎症性疾病、艾滋病、糖尿病、内分泌紊乱、男性不育症、癌症、衰老有关的疾病、有毒金属的中毒和前列腺疾病。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述用途，其特征在于，所述心血管疾病选自动脉粥样硬化、高血压、充血性心力衰竭和冠心病。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的用途，其特征在于，所述肝病选自肝癌、酒精性肝损伤和肝硬化；
    优选地，所述神经系统疾病选自阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金斯氏病、多发性硬化症、巴滕氏病、癫痫等，以及缺血性损伤、接触环境毒素、滥用药物、脑肿瘤等引起的神经退行性疾病，强迫性精神障碍，抑郁症；
    优选地，所述免疫预防和炎症性疾病选自类风湿性关节炎、哮喘和Crohn’s病、牛皮癣、红斑狼疮、败血症或败血症样疾病；
    优选地，所述癌症选自前列腺癌、膀胱癌、肺癌、直肠癌、肝癌、大肠癌、子宫颈癌、乳腺癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、巴雷特食管癌；
    优选地，所述前列腺疾病选自前列腺良性增生和前列腺炎。
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