WO2015161719A1 - 自适应均衡器、自适应均衡方法以及接收机 - Google Patents

自适应均衡器、自适应均衡方法以及接收机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015161719A1
WO2015161719A1 PCT/CN2015/073598 CN2015073598W WO2015161719A1 WO 2015161719 A1 WO2015161719 A1 WO 2015161719A1 CN 2015073598 W CN2015073598 W CN 2015073598W WO 2015161719 A1 WO2015161719 A1 WO 2015161719A1
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Prior art keywords
equalization
subcarrier
signal
equalization coefficient
unit
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PCT/CN2015/073598
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘博�
严伟振
李磊
陈浩
拉德基•安杰伊
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富士通株式会社
株式会社索思未来
刘博�
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Priority to EP15782326.1A priority Critical patent/EP3136667B1/en
Priority to JP2016563415A priority patent/JP6373407B2/ja
Publication of WO2015161719A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015161719A1/zh
Priority to US15/332,471 priority patent/US9917710B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2649—Demodulators
    • H04L27/265—Fourier transform demodulators, e.g. fast Fourier transform [FFT] or discrete Fourier transform [DFT] demodulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03012—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain
    • H04L25/03019—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception
    • H04L25/03057—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception with a recursive structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/006—Quality of the received signal, e.g. BER, SNR, water filling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L2025/03592—Adaptation methods
    • H04L2025/03598—Algorithms
    • H04L2025/03611—Iterative algorithms
    • H04L2025/03636—Algorithms using least mean square [LMS]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an adaptive equalizer, an adaptive equalization method, and a receiver.
  • Multi-carrier communication technologies such as Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) technology and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology are widely used in optical communication systems, which are characterized by dividing channels into After multiple subcarriers, different modulation formats are allocated according to the signal to noise ratio of each subcarrier.
  • DMT Discrete Multi-Tone
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • the existing adaptive equalization process is generally based on an iterative algorithm, that is, an iterative operation is performed according to an initial equalization coefficient and a step size to generate an equalization coefficient for the adaptive equalization process.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide an adaptive equalizer, an adaptive equalization method, and a receiver, which are used in a multi-carrier communication system, and can perform different adaptive equalization processing for each sub-carrier.
  • an adaptive equalizer for performing self-frequency on a frequency domain signal.
  • the channel used by the frequency domain signal includes multiple subcarriers, and the adaptive equalizer includes:
  • An equalization coefficient generating unit for each subcarrier, generating an equalization coefficient corresponding to the subcarrier according to the channel information and the step size of the subcarrier, where different subcarriers correspond to different step sizes;
  • An equalization processing unit that equalizes the signal on the subcarrier using the equalization coefficient for each subcarrier.
  • an adaptive equalization method for performing adaptive equalization processing on a frequency domain signal, where a channel used by the frequency domain signal includes multiple subcarriers, and the adaptive equalization method includes :
  • the equalization coefficient is used to equalize the signal on the subcarrier.
  • a receiver including the adaptive equalizer of the second aspect of the embodiment, the receiver further comprising:
  • a fast Fourier transformer that performs fast Fourier transform on a time domain signal input to the receiver to generate a frequency domain signal
  • a decision feedback device which determines a frequency domain signal subjected to equalization processing by the adaptive equalizer, generates a decision signal, and uses the difference between the frequency domain signal and the decision signal subjected to the equalization processing as an error signal, and feeds back to the The adaptive equalizer.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that each subcarrier in the multi-carrier communication system corresponds to different step sizes, and therefore, different adaptive equalization processing can be performed on each subcarrier.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of an adaptive equalizer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of an equalization coefficient generating unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a second equalization coefficient generating unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a step size generating unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a first parameter calculation unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a channel with a large difference in gain between the bands
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing changes in BER when the overall step of the channel gain is increased by 1 db by the system using the equalizer of the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing changes in BER when the system of the equalizer of the embodiment of the present invention increases the overall gain of the channel by 1 db within 0.8 ms;
  • Figure 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a receiver in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiver according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a method for generating an equalization coefficient corresponding to a subcarrier according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a flowchart showing a method of generating equalization coefficients used in the next equalization process according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a flow chart showing a method of generating a step size according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides an adaptive equalizer.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of an adaptive equalizer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the adaptive equalizer is used in a multi-carrier communication system, and can perform adaptive equalization processing on a frequency domain signal.
  • the adaptive equalizer 100 includes an equalization coefficient generation unit 101 and an equalization processing unit 102.
  • the equalization coefficient generating unit 101 generates, for each subcarrier, an equalization coefficient corresponding to the subcarrier according to the channel information and the step size of the subcarrier; the equalization processing unit 102 uses the equalization coefficient for the subcarrier for each subcarrier.
  • the signals on the carrier are equalized; wherein different subcarriers correspond to different step sizes.
  • the adaptive equalizer of the embodiment of the present invention may be applied to a multi-carrier communication technology, for example, Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) technology and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology, but
  • DMT Discrete Multi-Tone
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • the adaptive equalizer performs equalization processing on the frequency domain signal input thereto, and outputs the processed signal, and the equalization processing is to repair the linear damage received by the signal, and the equalization processing is performed.
  • An algorithm based on Least Mean Square (LMS) can be used.
  • LMS Least Mean Square
  • the frequency domain signal may be iteratively processed, and Y n, k is a signal modulated on the kth subcarrier of the frequency domain data frame input to the adaptive equalizer during the nth equalization process, Z n, k is a signal modulated on the kth subcarrier by the frequency domain data frame output from the adaptive equalizer after the nth equalization process, and W n,k is the corresponding to the kth subcarrier in the nth equalization process
  • the equalization coefficient, ⁇ k is a step size corresponding to the kth subcarrier, and W n,k is related to the channel information of the kth subcarrier and the step size ⁇ k , where n and k are both natural numbers.
  • the equalization coefficient W n,k can be generated by the equalization coefficient generating unit 101 , and the equalization processing unit 102 can input the signal Y n,k according to the equalization coefficient W n,k .
  • the equalization processing unit 102 may be a multiplier, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto, and other devices may be used to complete the function of the equalization processing unit.
  • the equalization coefficient corresponding to each subcarrier may be formed into a list, and the equalization coefficient W n,k corresponding to the kth subcarrier is selected from the list, and the frequency domain signal modulated on the subcarrier is equalized. deal with.
  • the frequency domain signals on the plurality of subcarriers can be equalized at the same time, or the frequency domain signals on the respective subcarriers can be equalized in sequence.
  • each subcarrier in the multicarrier communication system corresponds to a different step size, and therefore, different adaptive equalization processes can be performed for each subcarrier.
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the composition of an equalization coefficient generating unit in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the equalization coefficient generation unit 101 of the present invention includes a first equalization coefficient generation unit 201 and a second equalization coefficient generation unit 202.
  • the first equalization coefficient generating unit 201 generates an initial equalization coefficient corresponding to the subcarrier according to the channel information of the subcarrier, and performs initial equalization processing on the signal on the subcarrier; the second equalization coefficient generating unit 202 It generates an equalization coefficient used in the next equalization process based on the equalization coefficient used in the equalization process, the step size, and the first parameter corresponding to the error signal after the equalization process.
  • the first equalization coefficient generating unit 201 may generate an initial equalization coefficient W 0,k corresponding to the kth subcarrier according to channel information of the kth subcarrier , and thus, according to channel information of different subcarriers, Different initial equalization coefficients, so different adaptive equalization processing can be further performed for each subcarrier.
  • channel information of the kth subcarrier can be obtained in various manners, thereby obtaining an initial equalization coefficient W 0,k .
  • channel identification Probing
  • the measurement result of the channel identification stage can be used to obtain an initial equalization coefficient, so as to obtain stable stability. result.
  • the frequency domain signal transmitted in the channel identification stage be X 0 , where X 0,k is the modulation signal on the kth subcarrier, and the channel response function is H 0 , H 0,k is the channel response function of the kth subcarrier.
  • the received frequency domain signal Y 0 , Y 0,k is the received signal of the kth subcarrier, and the following equations (2) and (3) can be obtained:
  • the initial equalization coefficient W 0,k may be used for initial equalization processing on the input frequency domain signal, and in the iterative process, the nth frame of the input frequency domain signal needs to be performed for the nth time.
  • the equalization coefficient used in the nth equalization processing is W n,k , where n is a natural number.
  • the equalization coefficient W n,k may be generated by the second equalization coefficient generating unit 202.
  • the second equalization coefficient generating unit 202 may generate the lowering coefficient W n,k , the step size ⁇ k , and the first parameter A n,k corresponding to the error signal after the equalization processing according to the equalization processing used in the current equalization processing.
  • the equalization coefficient W 1,k used in the first equalization process is generated according to the initial equalization coefficient W 0,k , the step size ⁇ k and the parameter A 0,k corresponding to the error signal after the initial equalization process.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a second equalization coefficient generating unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the second equalization coefficient generating unit 202 of the present invention includes a step size generating unit 301, a first parameter calculating unit 302, and a first calculating unit 303.
  • the step generation unit 301 generates a step according to the channel information of the subcarrier; the first parameter calculation unit 302 calculates the first parameter according to the frequency domain signal and the error signal; the first calculation unit 303 calculates the step size and the first parameter phase. The difference between the result of multiplication and the equalization coefficient used in the equalization process is used as the equalization coefficient used in the next equalization process.
  • the step size generating unit 301 can obtain the step size ⁇ k corresponding to the subcarrier according to the channel information of the kth subcarrier. Since the channel information of each subcarrier is different from each other, different step sizes ⁇ k can be obtained for different subcarriers, whereby different equalization coefficients can be obtained for different subcarriers, and different equalization processing can be performed.
  • the first parameter calculation unit 302 can obtain the frequency domain signal Y n,k modulated on the kth subcarrier and the obtained error signal e n,k after the nth equalization process.
  • the first parameter A n,k whereby the first parameter includes the feedback information after the nth equalization process, is beneficial to adaptive equalization processing according to the feedback information.
  • the first calculating unit 303 can obtain the next time, that is, the n+ according to the step size ⁇ k , the first parameter An , k, and the equalization coefficient W n,k used in the nth equalization processing.
  • the equalization coefficient W n+1,k required for the equalization processing for example, the first calculating unit 303 can calculate W n+1,k using the following formula (4).
  • the first calculating unit 303 can also calculate W 1,k by using the following formula (5).
  • the step size ⁇ k should satisfy the condition of the following formula (6).
  • E(Y 2 n,k ) represents the mean square error of Y 2 n,k .
  • can be used as a reference value list of the iteration step, and all reference values use a uniform step factor to adjust the iteration speed, E(X 2 0, k ) It is only related to the modulation format of the subcarrier, and the mean square error of each modulation format under the same average power is much smaller than
  • the carrier gets a faster convergence speed under the condition of convergence.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a step size generating unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the step size generating unit 301 may include a second calculating unit 401 and a first multiplying unit 402.
  • the second calculating unit 401 is configured to calculate the square of the absolute value of the initial equalization coefficient W 0,k ;
  • the first multiplying unit 402 is configured to multiply the calculation result of the second calculating unit 401 by the step factor to generate the step size ⁇ . k .
  • the same step size factor can be used for all subcarriers, and the step size factor can enable all subcarriers to obtain a faster convergence speed under the convergence condition, and the step factor can be, for example, 0.4.
  • different step factors can also be set for different subcarriers.
  • the step size generating unit 301 may further have a storage unit for storing the step size factor.
  • the step size generating unit 301 may further have a storage unit for storing the step size corresponding to each subcarrier. ⁇ k .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a first parameter calculation unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the first parameter calculation unit 302 may include a conjugate unit 501 and a second multiplication unit 502.
  • the conjugate unit 501 can be used to generate the conjugate signal Y n,k * of the frequency domain signal Y n,k ;
  • the second multiplication unit 502 is configured to output the output signal Y n,k * of the conjugate unit and the error signal e Multiply n,k .
  • the error signal e n,k may be based on the signal Z n,k generated after the nth equalization process and the decision signal for Z n,k And generating, for example, e n,k can be obtained by the following formula (8),
  • the first parameter calculation unit 302 may further have an averaging unit 503 for accumulating the output of the second multiplication unit 502 and averaging to remove the influence of random noise.
  • the first parameter calculation unit 302 may calculate the first parameter A n,k according to the following formula (9).
  • the first parameter calculation unit 302 can also calculate the parameter A 0,k according to the following formula (10).
  • different step sizes can be set for each subcarrier according to channel information of each subcarrier, and therefore, different equalization processes can be performed for different subcarriers; and different initial equalizations are set for each subcarrier.
  • the coefficients can further perform different equalization processes for different subcarriers.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a channel having a large difference in gain between the frequency bands
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a change in BER when the system of the equalizer of the embodiment of the present invention is increased by 1 db
  • FIG. 8 is an equalizer of the embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram of the change in BER when the overall gain of the channel increases by 1 db in 0.8 ms.
  • the system bit error ratio (BER) gradually increases with the number of iterations. Stable at a lower level; in the case where the overall gain of the channel is increased by 1 db in 0.8 ms, the fluctuation of the system error rate BER is not large and can be stably maintained at a low level.
  • the adaptive equalizer of the embodiment of the present invention can still quickly converge and obtain a good tracking effect when the sub-carrier gains in the channel are greatly different.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a receiver including the adaptive equalizer described in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a receiver in accordance with Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the receiver 900 of the embodiment of the present invention may have a fast Fourier transformer 901, an adaptive equalizer 902, and a decision feedback 903.
  • the fast Fourier transformer 901 performs fast Fourier transform on the time domain signal input to the receiver to generate a frequency domain signal, the channel of the frequency domain signal includes a plurality of subcarriers, and the adaptive equalizer 902 is used to The frequency domain signal is subjected to equalization processing, and the equalized frequency domain signal is output; the decision feedback unit 903 is configured to determine the frequency domain signal subjected to the equalization processing, generate a decision signal, and perform equalization processing of the frequency domain signal and the decision signal. The difference is used as an error signal and fed back to the adaptive equalizer.
  • the fast Fourier transformer 901 performs a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the time domain signal y n input to the receiver to generate a frequency domain signal Y n .
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transform
  • the adaptive equalizer 902 performs equalization processing on the frequency domain signal Y n to generate a signal Z n .
  • the adaptive equalizer 902 of the embodiment of the present invention may be the adaptive equalizer 100 described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the description of the adaptive equalizer in Embodiment 1 is incorporated herein, and the description is not repeated herein.
  • the decision feedback unit 903 is configured to determine the signal Z n to generate a decision signal. And the signal Z n and the decision signal The difference is fed back to the adaptive equalizer as the error signal e n .
  • the decision feedback unit 903 may be composed of a decider and a subtractor, wherein the decider is configured to generate a decision signal according to the signal Z n The subtractor is used to calculate the signal Z n and the decision signal The difference is generated by the error signal e n .
  • the decision feedback unit 903 may be composed of a decider and a subtractor, wherein the decider is configured to generate a decision signal according to the signal Z n The subtractor is used to calculate the signal Z n and the decision signal The difference is generated by the error signal e n .
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiver according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and a schematic structural diagram of the receiver shown in FIG. 10 is a further description of a configuration diagram of the receiver shown in FIG. 9.
  • the receiver 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention receives the time domain signal y n and processes the frequency domain signal Y n through the processing of the fast Fourier transformer 1001.
  • the channel of the frequency domain signal Y n includes multiple sub-channels.
  • the carrier; equalization processing unit 1002 performs an nth equalization process on the frequency domain signal Y n according to the equalization coefficient W n to generate a signal Z n ; the signal Z n passes through the decision feedback device 1003 to generate a decision signal.
  • the frequency domain signal Y n generates a conjugate signal Y n * through the conjugate unit 1004, and the conjugate signal Y n * is multiplied by the error signal e n in the second multiplication unit 1005 to generate a signal e n Y n * ;
  • the averaging unit 1006 accumulates the signals e n Y n * and averages them to remove the influence of random noise; the step size ⁇ generated by the step size generating unit 1007 and the output signal of the averaging unit 1006 are in the first multiplying unit 1008 Multiply, ⁇ e n Y n * is generated; the equalization coefficient generation unit 1009 outputs the equalization coefficient W n to the equalization processing unit 1002 for the nth equalization processing, and the equalization coefficient generation unit 1009 also stores the equalization stored in the memory 1010.
  • the fast Fourier transformer 1001 and the decision feedback device 1003 are the same as the structure and principle of the fast Fourier transformer 901 and the decision feedback device 903 of FIG. 9, respectively, and the description is not repeated here;
  • FIG. The structure and the principle of the other units are the same as the corresponding units of the adaptive equalizer in the first embodiment of the present invention, and the description of the embodiments of the present invention is not repeated.
  • the receiver sets different step sizes for each subcarrier according to channel information of each subcarrier, and therefore, different equalization processing can be performed for different subcarriers, thereby improving performance of the receiver; Different initial equalization coefficients are set for each subcarrier, and different equalization processing can be further performed for different subcarriers, thereby further improving the performance of the receiver.
  • Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides an electronic device including the receiver described in Embodiment 2.
  • Figure 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an electronic apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electronic device 1100 can include a central processor 1101 and a memory 1102; the memory 1102 is coupled to the central processor 1101.
  • the figure is exemplary; other types of structures may be used in addition to or in place of the structure to implement telecommunications functions or other functions.
  • the functionality of the receiver device can be integrated into the central processor 1101.
  • the central processing unit 1101 can be configured to:
  • the channel used by the frequency domain signal Yn includes a plurality of subcarriers; according to the channel used for the frequency domain signal Yn Check As a result of the measurement, the frequency domain signal Yn is equalized, wherein different subcarriers correspond to different step sizes; a decision feedback device determines a frequency domain signal subjected to the equalization process to generate a decision signal, and The difference between the frequency domain signal and the decision signal subjected to the equalization processing is used as an error signal for the equalization processing;
  • the result of the multiplication is averaged to generate the first parameter.
  • the receiver can be configured separately from the central processing unit 1101.
  • the receiver can be configured as a chip connected to the central processing unit 1101, and the functions of the receiver can be implemented by control of the central processing unit.
  • the electronic device 1100 may further include: a communication module 1103 for processing an output signal of the receiver, an input unit 1104, an audio processing unit 1105, a display 1106, and a power supply 1107. It should be noted that the electronic device 1100 does not necessarily have to include all the components shown in FIG. 11; in addition, the electronic device 1100 may further include components not shown in FIG. 11, and reference may be made to the prior art.
  • central processor 1101 which is sometimes also referred to as a controller or operational control, can include a microprocessor or other processor device and/or logic device that receives input and controls each of electronic devices 1100. The operation of the part.
  • the memory 1102 may be one or more of a buffer, a flash memory, a hard drive, a removable medium, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, or other suitable device, and may store a process for executing related information. sequence.
  • the central processing unit 1101 can execute the program stored by the memory 1102 to implement information storage or processing and the like.
  • the functions of other components are similar to those of the existing ones and will not be described here.
  • the various components of electronic device 1100 can be implemented by special purpose hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides an adaptive equalization method, which corresponds to the adaptive equalizer in Embodiment 1, and the same content as Embodiment 1 is not described again.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart of an adaptive equalization method according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 12, the method includes:
  • Step 1201 For each subcarrier, generate an equalization coefficient corresponding to the subcarrier according to the channel information and the step size of the subcarrier, where different subcarriers correspond to different step sizes.
  • Step 1202 For each subcarrier, use the equalization coefficient to perform equalization processing on the signal on the subcarrier.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a method for generating an equalization coefficient corresponding to a subcarrier according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 13, the method includes:
  • Step 1301 Generate an initial equalization coefficient corresponding to the subcarrier according to channel information of the subcarrier, and perform equalization processing on the signal on the subcarrier.
  • Step 1302 Generate an equalization coefficient used in the next equalization process according to the equalization coefficient used in the current equalization process, the step size, and the first parameter corresponding to the error signal after the equalization process.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a method for generating equalization coefficients used in the next equalization process according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 14, the method includes:
  • Step 1401 Generate the step according to channel information of the subcarrier.
  • Step 1402 Calculate the first parameter according to the frequency domain signal and the error signal.
  • Step 1403 Calculate a difference between a result of multiplying the step size and the first parameter and an equalization coefficient used in the current equalization process as an equalization coefficient used in the next equalization process.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a method for generating a step size according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 15, the method includes:
  • Step 1501 calculating a square of an absolute value of the initial equalization coefficient
  • Step 1502 Multiply the square of the absolute value of the initial equalization coefficient by the step factor to generate the step size.
  • different step sizes are set for each subcarrier according to channel information of each subcarrier, and therefore, different equalization processing can be performed for different subcarriers; and different initial equalization coefficients are set for each subcarrier. It is possible to further perform different equalization processing for different subcarriers.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer readable program, wherein when the program is executed in an information processing apparatus or a user equipment, the program causes the computer to execute the embodiment 4 in the information processing apparatus or the user equipment Adaptive method.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium storing a computer readable program, wherein the computer readable program causes the computer to execute the adaptive equalization method described in Embodiment 4 in the information processing device or the user equipment.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer readable program, wherein when the program is executed in an information processing apparatus or a base station, the program causes the computer to execute the self described in Embodiment 4 in the information processing apparatus or the base station Adapt to the equilibrium method.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium storing a computer readable program, wherein the computer readable program causes the computer to execute the adaptive equalization method described in Embodiment 4 in an information processing device or a base station.
  • the above apparatus and method of the present invention may be implemented by hardware or by hardware in combination with software.
  • the present invention relates to a computer readable program that, when executed by a logic component, enables the logic component to implement the apparatus or components described above, or to cause the logic component to implement the various methods described above Or steps.
  • the present invention also relates to a storage medium for storing the above program, such as a hard disk, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a DVD, a flash memory, or the like.
  • An adaptive equalizer is configured to perform adaptive equalization processing on a frequency domain signal, where a channel used by the frequency domain signal includes multiple subcarriers, and the adaptive equalizer includes:
  • An equalization coefficient generating unit for each subcarrier, generating an equalization coefficient corresponding to the subcarrier according to the channel information and the step size of the subcarrier, where different subcarriers correspond to different step sizes;
  • An equalization processing unit that equalizes the signal on the subcarrier using the equalization coefficient for each subcarrier.
  • the equalization coefficient generating unit comprises:
  • a first equalization coefficient generating unit configured to generate an initial equalization coefficient corresponding to the subcarrier according to channel information of the subcarrier, and perform initial equalization processing on the signal on the subcarrier;
  • a second equalization coefficient generating unit that generates an equalization coefficient used in the next equalization process according to the equalization coefficient used in the current equalization process, the step size, and the first parameter corresponding to the error signal after the equalization process .
  • the second equalization coefficient generating unit comprises:
  • a step generation unit that generates the step according to channel information of the subcarrier
  • a first parameter calculation unit that calculates the first parameter according to the frequency domain signal and the error signal
  • a first calculating unit that calculates a difference between the result of multiplying the step size and the first parameter and the equalization coefficient used in the current equalization process as the equalization coefficient used in the next equalization process.
  • the adaptive equalizer of claim 3, wherein the step size generating unit comprises:
  • a second calculating unit for calculating a square of an absolute value of the initial equalization coefficient
  • a first multiplication unit configured to multiply the calculation result of the second calculation unit by a step size factor to generate the step size.
  • a conjugate unit for generating a conjugate signal of the frequency domain signal
  • a second multiplication unit for multiplying the output of the conjugate unit and the error signal.
  • An averaging unit for averaging the output of the second multiplying unit to generate the first parameter.
  • a receiver comprising the adaptive equalizer according to any one of the supplementary notes 1-6, the receiver further comprising:
  • a fast Fourier transformer that performs fast Fourier transform on a time domain signal input to the receiver to generate a frequency domain signal
  • a decision feedback device which determines a frequency domain signal subjected to equalization processing by the adaptive equalizer, generates a decision signal, and uses the difference between the frequency domain signal and the decision signal subjected to the equalization processing as an error signal, and feedback Give the adaptive equalizer.
  • Supplementary note 8 is an adaptive equalization method for performing adaptive equalization processing on a frequency domain signal, where the channel used by the frequency domain signal includes multiple subcarriers, and the adaptive equalization method includes:
  • the equalization coefficient is used to perform equalization processing on the signal on the subcarrier
  • the adaptive equalization method according to supplementary note 8, wherein the generating the equalization coefficient corresponding to the subcarrier comprises:
  • the equalization coefficient used in the next equalization process is generated based on the equalization coefficient used in the equalization process, the step size, and the first parameter corresponding to the error signal after the equalization process.
  • the adaptive equalization method according to supplementary note 9, wherein the equalization coefficient used in generating the next equalization process comprises:
  • the difference between the result of multiplying the step size and the first parameter and the equalization coefficient used in the equalization process is calculated as the equalization coefficient used in the next equalization process.
  • the adaptive equalization method comprises:
  • the square of the absolute value of the initial equalization coefficient is multiplied by a step factor to generate the step size.
  • calculating the first parameter comprises:
  • the conjugate signal of the frequency domain signal is multiplied by the error signal.
  • the result of the multiplication is averaged to generate the first parameter.

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Abstract

一种自适应均衡器、自适应均衡方法和接收机，所述自适应均衡器用于对频域信号进行自适应均衡处理，所述频域信号使用的信道包含多个子载波，所述自适应均衡器包括：均衡系数生成单元，针对每个子载波，其根据该子载波的信道信息和步长，生成与该子载波对应的均衡系数；均衡处理单元，其针对每个子载波，使用所述均衡系数对该子载波上的信号进行均衡处理；其中，不同的该子载波对应不同的所述步长。

Description

自适应均衡器、自适应均衡方法以及接收机 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种自适应均衡器、自适应均衡方法以及接收机。
背景技术
离散多音频调制(Discrete Multi-Tone，DMT)技术和正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，OFDM)技术等多载波通信技术被广泛应用于光通信系统中，其特点是将信道分割成多个子载波后根据每个子载波信噪比分配不同的调制格式。
在多载波通信技术中，通信效果对于信道的变化非常敏感，信道的响应特性以及噪声变化均会造成传输误码率的上升，因此，需要对信道进行跟踪和自适应均衡处理。现有的自适应均衡处理一般基于迭代算法，即，根据初始均衡系数和步长进行迭代运算，生成均衡系数，用于该自适应均衡处理。
应该注意，上面对技术背景的介绍只是为了方便对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的说明，并方便本领域技术人员的理解而阐述的。不能仅仅因为这些方案在本发明的背景技术部分进行了阐述而认为上述技术方案为本领域技术人员所公知。
发明内容
在现有技术中，对于不同的子载波，一般使用固定的初始均衡系数和步长进行自适应均衡处理，因此，对于各个子载波进行相同的自适应均衡处理，而不能针对各个子载波的信道变化进行跟踪和均衡处理。但是，在多载波通信系统中，由于每个子载波的带宽利用率非常高，对信道变化比较敏感，信道的响应特性以及噪声变化均会造成传输误码率的上升，因此，需要针对各个子载波的信道变化进行跟踪和自适应均衡处理。
本发明实施例提供一种自适应均衡器、自适应均衡方法以及接收机，用于多载波通信系统，能够针对各个子载波进行不同的自适应均衡处理。
根据本发明实施例的第一方面，提供一种自适应均衡器，用于对频域信号进行自 适应均衡处理，所述频域信号使用的信道包含多个子载波，所述自适应均衡器包括：
均衡系数生成单元，针对每个子载波，其根据该子载波的信道信息和步长，生成与该子载波对应的均衡系数，其中，不同的该子载波对应不同的所述步长；
均衡处理单元，其针对每个子载波，使用所述均衡系数对该子载波上的信号进行均衡处理。
根据本发明实施例的第二方面，提供一种自适应均衡方法，用于对频域信号进行自适应均衡处理，所述频域信号使用的信道包含多个子载波，所述自适应均衡方法包括：
针对每个子载波，根据该子载波的信道信息和步长，生成与该子载波对应的均衡系数，其中，不同的该子载波对应不同的所述步长；
针对每个子载波，使用所述均衡系数对该子载波上的信号进行均衡处理。
根据本发明实施例的第三方面，提供一种接收机，包括实施例第二方面所述的自适应均衡器，所述接收机还包括：
快速傅里叶变换器，其对输入该接收机的时域信号进行快速傅里叶变换，以生成频域信号；
判决反馈器，其对经过所述自适应均衡器进行均衡处理的频域信号进行判决，生成判决信号，并将经过所述均衡处理的频域信号与判决信号的差作为误差信号，反馈给所述自适应均衡器。
本发明的有益效果在于：多载波通信系统中的各个子载波对应不同的步长，因此，能够对各个子载波进行不同的自适应均衡处理。
参照后文的说明和附图，详细公开了本发明的特定实施方式，指明了本发明的原理可以被采用的方式。应该理解，本发明的实施方式在范围上并不因而受到限制。在所附权利要求的精神和条款的范围内，本发明的实施方式包括许多改变、修改和等同。
针对一种实施方式描述和/或示出的特征可以以相同或类似的方式在一个或更多个其它实施方式中使用，与其它实施方式中的特征相组合，或替代其它实施方式中的特征。
应该强调，术语“包括/包含”在本文使用时指特征、整件、步骤或组件的存在，但并不排除一个或更多个其它特征、整件、步骤或组件的存在或附加。
附图说明
参照以下的附图可以更好地理解本发明的很多方面。附图中的部件不是成比例绘制的，而只是为了示出本发明的原理。为了便于示出和描述本发明的一些部分，附图中对应部分可能被放大或缩小。
在本发明的一个附图或一种实施方式中描述的元素和特征可以与一个或更多个其它附图或实施方式中示出的元素和特征相结合。此外，在附图中，类似的标号表示几个附图中对应的部件，并可用于指示多于一种实施方式中使用的对应部件。
图1是本发明实施例1的自适应均衡器的组成示意图；
图2是本发明实施例1的均衡系数生成单元的组成示意图；
图3是本发明实施例1的第二均衡系数生成单元的组成示意图；
图4是为本发明实施例1的步长生成单元的组成示意图；
图5所示为本发明实施例1的第一参数计算单元的组成示意图；
图6是各频段增益相差巨大的信道的示意图；
图7是采用本发明实施例的均衡器的系统在信道增益整体阶跃增加1db时BER的变化示意图；
图8采用本发明实施例的均衡器的系统在信道整体增益在0.8ms内增加1db时BER的变化示意图；
图9是本发明实施例2的接收机的一构成示意图；
图10是本发明实施例2的接收机的一结构示意图；
图11是本发明实施例3的电子设备的一构成示意图；
图12是本发明实施例4的自适应均衡方法的流程图；
图13是本发明实施例4的生成与子载波对应的均衡系数的方法流程图；
图14是本发明实施例4的生成与下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数的方法流程图；
图15是本发明实施例4的生成步长的方法流程图。
具体实施方式
参照附图，通过下面的说明书，本发明的前述以及其它特征将变得明显。在说明书和附图中，具体公开了本发明的特定实施方式，其表明了其中可以采用本发明的原 则的部分实施方式，应了解的是，本发明不限于所描述的实施方式，相反，本发明包括落入所附权利要求的范围内的全部修改、变型以及等同物。
实施例1
本发明实施例1提供一种自适应均衡器。图1是本发明实施例1的自适应均衡器的组成示意图，该自适应均衡器用于多载波通信系统，可以对频域信号进行自适应均衡处理。如图1所示，自适应均衡器100包括均衡系数生成单元101和均衡处理单元102。
其中，均衡系数生成单元101，针对每个子载波，根据该子载波的信道信息和步长，生成与该子载波对应的均衡系数；均衡处理单元102，针对每个子载波，使用均衡系数对该子载波上的信号进行均衡处理；其中，不同的子载波对应不同的步长。
本发明实施例的自适应均衡器可以适用多载波通信技术，例如，离散多音频调制(Discrete Multi-Tone，DMT)技术和正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，OFDM)技术等，但是本发明实施例并不限于此，还可以适用于其它的多载波通信技术。
在本发明的实施例中，自适应均衡器对输入到其中的频域信号进行均衡处理，输出经过处理后的信号，均衡处理的作用是对信号所收到的线性损伤进行修复，该均衡处理可以采用基于最小均方误差(Least Mean Square，LMS)的算法。关于最小均方误差法的具体算法，可以参考现有技术，本发明实施例不再赘述。
在该均衡处理过程中，可以对频域信号进行迭代处理，设Yn,k是第n次均衡处理时输入该自适应均衡器的频域数据帧在第k个子载波上调制的信号，Zn,k是第n次均衡处理后从该自适应均衡器输出的频域数据帧在第k个子载波上调制的信号，Wn,k是第n次均衡处理时与第k个子载波对应的均衡系数，μk是与第k个子载波对应的步长，并且，Wn,k与第k个子载波的信道信息和步长μk有关，其中，n和k都是自然数。
在本发明的实施例中，Yn,k和Zn,k的关系可以表示为下式(1)，
Zn,k＝Yn,kWn,k               (1)
根据式(1)可知，在该自适应均衡器中，可以由均衡系数生成单元101来生成 均衡系数Wn,k，由均衡处理单元102根据均衡系数Wn,k对输入信号Yn,k进行均衡处理。在本发明的实施例中，均衡处理单元102可以是乘法器，但本发明实施例并不限于此，还可以采用其它装置来完成均衡处理单元的功能。
在本发明实施例中，可以将每个子载波所对应的均衡系数形成列表，从列表中选取第k个子载波所对应的均衡系数Wn,k，对该子载波上调制的频域信号进行均衡处理。
此外，可以同时对多个子载波上的频域信号进行均衡处理，也可以顺次对各个子载波上的频域信号进行均衡处理。
根据本发明的实施例，多载波通信系统中的各个子载波对应不同的步长，因此，能够对各个子载波进行不同的自适应均衡处理。
以下结合附图，对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。
图2是本发明实施例1的均衡系数生成单元的组成示意图。如图2所示，本发明的均衡系数生成单元101包括第一均衡系数生成单元201和第二均衡系数生成单元202。
其中，第一均衡系数生成单元201，根据该子载波的信道信息，生成该子载波对应的初始均衡系数，用于对该子载波上的信号进行初始均衡处理；第二均衡系数生成单元202，其根据本次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数、所述步长和与本次均衡处理后的误差信号相对应的第一参数，生成下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数。
在本发明实施例中，第一均衡系数生成单元201可以根据第k个子载波的信道信息，生成第k个子载波对应的初始均衡系数W0,k，由此，根据不同子载波的信道信息得到不同的初始均衡系数，所以能够进一步针对各个子载波进行不同的自适应均衡处理。
在本发明的实施例中，可以通过多种方式得到第k个子载波的信道信息，进而得到初始均衡系数W0,k。例如，在多载波通信系统正式传输信息之前，可以进行信道辨识(Probing)，对信道的初始状态进行测量，本发明实施例可以利用信道辨识阶段的测量结果来得到初始均衡系数，以便获得稳定的结果。关于信道辨识的具体实施方式，可以参考现有技术，本发明实施例不再赘述。
设信道辨识阶段发射的频域信号为X0，其中，X0,k为第k个子载波上的调制信号，信道响应函数为H0，H0,k为第k个子载波的信道响应函数，接收的频域信号Y0，Y0,k为第k个子载波的接收信号，能够得到下式(2)和(3)：
Y0,k＝H0,kX0,k              (2)
Figure PCTCN2015073598-appb-000001
在本发明实施例中，由上述(3)可知，可以将
Figure PCTCN2015073598-appb-000002
作为初始均衡系数W0,k。
在慢变信道的假设下，信道辨识结束后的传输阶段信道变化很小，在信道辨识阶段得到的各个子载波的信道响应函数的倒数
Figure PCTCN2015073598-appb-000003
接近实际收敛值，因此，将
Figure PCTCN2015073598-appb-000004
作为初始均衡系数可以得到极大的收敛几率。
此外，还可以采用其它的方法来获取第k个子载波的信道信息，进而得到相应的初始均衡系数W0,k，本发明并不作限定。
在本发明的实施例中，初始均衡系数W0,k可以用于对输入的频域信号进行初始均衡处理，在迭代过程中，还需要针对输入的频域信号的第n帧进行第n次均衡处理，第n次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数为Wn,k，其中，n为自然数。
在本发明实施例中，可以由第二均衡系数生成单元202来生成均衡系数Wn,k。第二均衡系数生成单元202可以根据本次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数Wn,k、步长μk和与本次均衡处理后的误差信号相对应的第一参数An,k，生成下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数Wn+1,k。其中，根据初始均衡系数W0,k，步长μk和与初始均衡处理后的误差信号相对应的参数A0,k，生成第一次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数W1,k。
图3是本发明实施例1的第二均衡系数生成单元的组成示意图。如图3所示，本发明的第二均衡系数生成单元202包括步长生成单元301，第一参数计算单元302和第一计算单元303。
其中，步长生成单元301根据子载波的信道信息，生成步长；第一参数计算单元302根据频域信号和误差信号，计算第一参数；第一计算单元303计算步长和第一参数相乘的结果与本次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数的差值，作为下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数。
在本发明的实施例中，步长生成单元301可以根据第k个子载波的信道信息获得该子载波对应的步长μk。由于每个子载波的信道信息彼此不同，因此，可以针对不同的子载波获得不同的步长μk，由此，能够针对不同的子载波获得不同的均衡系数，进行不同的均衡处理。
在本发明实施例中，第一参数计算单元302可以根据第k个子载波上调制的频域信号Yn,k和与第n次均衡处理后的所得到的误差信号en,k，来得到第一参数An,k，由此，第一参数包含了第n次均衡处理后的反馈信息，有利于根据反馈信息进行自适应的均衡处理。
在本发明实施例中，第一计算单元303可以根据步长μk，第一参数An,k和第n次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数Wn,k来得到下次，即第n+1次均衡处理所需要的均衡系数Wn+1,k，例如，第一计算单元303可以采用下列的式(4)来计算Wn+1,k，
Wn+1,k＝Wn,k-μkAn,k                  (4)
此外，第一计算单元303还可以采用下列的式(5)来计算W1,k，
W1,k＝W0,k-μkA0,k              (5)
下面，分别说明步长生成单元301和第一参数计算单元302的结构。
在基于最小均方误差(Least Mean Square，LMS)的自适应均衡算法中，为了保证运算结果收敛，步长μk应满足下列式(6)的条件，
Figure PCTCN2015073598-appb-000005
其中，E(Y2 n,k)表示Y2 n,k的均方误差。
在慢变信道的假设下，E(Y2 n,k)可近似为E(Y2 0,k)。由式(3)，(6)可得如下的 式(7)，
Figure PCTCN2015073598-appb-000006
在整个传输带宽内信道衰减剧烈的情况下，|W2 0,k|的变化十分剧烈，经常有10dB以上的变化，因此，使用固定的步长很难在各子载波迭代速度接近的同时满足所有子载波的收敛条件。
在本发明实施例中，可以将测量出的|W2 0,k|作为迭代步长的参考值列表，所有参考值使用统一的步长因子来调节迭代速度，E(X2 0,k)只与子载波的调制格式有关，而相同平均功率下各调制格式的均方误差变化要比|W2 0,k|小很多，所以，能够很容易地通过一个合适的步长因子使得所有子载波都在满足收敛条件下得到较快的收敛速度。
图4所示为本发明实施例1的步长生成单元的组成示意图。如图4所示，步长生成单元301可以包括第二计算单元401和第一乘法单元402。其中，第二计算单元401用于计算初始均衡系数W0,k的绝对值的平方；第一乘法单元402用于将第二计算单元401的计算结果与步长因子相乘，生成步长μk。
在本发明的实施例中，可以对所有的子载波使用相同的步长因子，该步长因子能够使得所有子载波都在满足收敛条件下得到较快的收敛速度，该步长因子例如可以是0.4。此外，也可以针对不同的子载波设置不同的步长因子。
在本发明实施例中，步长生成单元301还可以具有存储单元，用于存储该步长因子；此外，步长生成单元301还可以具有存储单元，用于存储每个子载波所对应的步长μk。
图5所示为本发明实施例1的第一参数计算单元的组成示意图。如图5所示，第一参数计算单元302可以包括共轭单元501和第二乘法单元502。其中，共轭单元501可以用于生成频域信号Yn,k的共轭信号Yn,k *；第二乘法单元502用于将共轭单元的输出信号Yn,k *与误差信号en,k相乘。
在本发明实施例中，误差信号en,k可以根据第n次均衡处理后生成的信号Zn,k和 对Zn,k的判决信号
Figure PCTCN2015073598-appb-000007
而生成，例如，en,k可以由下式(8)得到，
Figure PCTCN2015073598-appb-000008
对Zn,k进行判决，生成判决信号
Figure PCTCN2015073598-appb-000009
的方法可以参考现有技术，本发明实施例不再赘述。
在本发明实施例中，第一参数计算单元302还可以具有平均单元503，用于对第二乘法单元502的输出累加后取平均值，以去除随机噪声的影响。
在本发明实施例中，第一参数计算单元302可以根据下式(9)来计算第一参数An,k，
An,k＝en,kYn,k *                   (9)
此外，第一参数计算单元302还可以根据下式(10)来计算参数A0,k，
A0,k＝e0,kY0,k *                 (10)
根据本发明的实施例，能够根据各个子载波的信道信息，对各个子载波设置不同的步长，因此，能够针对不同子载波进行不同的均衡处理；并且，针对各个子载波设置不同的初始均衡系数，能够进一步针对不同子载波进行不同的均衡处理。
图6是各频段增益相差巨大的信道的示意图，图7是采用本发明实施例的均衡器的系统在信道增益整体阶跃增加1db时BER的变化示意图，图8采用本发明实施例的均衡器的系统在信道整体增益在0.8ms内增加1db时BER的变化示意图。
根据图7、图8可知，采用本发明实施例的均衡器的系统，在信道增益整体阶跃增加1db的情况下，系统误码率(Bit Error Ratio，BER)随着迭代次数的增加，逐步稳定在较低的水平；在信道整体增益在0.8ms内增加1db的情况下，系统误码率BER的波动并不大，能够稳定维持在较低的水平。
从图6-8可以看出，利用本发明实施例的自适应均衡器，可以在信道内各子载波增益相差很大的情况下仍然能够快速收敛并获得良好的跟踪效果。
实施例2
本发明实施例2提供一种接收机，该接收机包括实施例1所述的自适应均衡器。
图9是本发明实施例2的接收机的一构成示意图。如图9所示，本发明实施例的接收机900可以具有快速傅里叶变换器901、自适应均衡器902和判决反馈器903。
其中，快速傅里叶变换器901对输入该接收机的时域信号进行快速傅里叶变换，以生成频域信号，该频域信号的信道包含多个子载波；自适应均衡器902用于对频域信号进行均衡处理，输出经均衡处理的频域信号；判决反馈器903用于对经过均衡处理的频域信号进行判决，生成判决信号，并将经过均衡处理的频域信号与判决信号的差作为误差信号，反馈给该自适应均衡器。
在本发明实施例中，快速傅里叶变换器901对输入到该接收机的时域信号yn进行快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform，FFT)，生成频域信号Yn。关于快速傅里叶变换器的结构和原理，可以参考现有技术，本发明实施例不再赘述。
在本发明实施例中，自适应均衡器902对频域信号Yn进行均衡处理，生成信号Zn。本发明实施例的自适应均衡器902可以是本发明实施例1中描述的自适应均衡器100，实施例1中对自适应均衡器的说明被合并于此，本实施例不再重复说明。
在本发明实施例中，判决反馈器903用于对信号Zn进行判决，生成判决信号
Figure PCTCN2015073598-appb-000010
并将信号Zn与判决信号
Figure PCTCN2015073598-appb-000011
的差作为误差信号en，反馈给该自适应均衡器。在本发明实施例中，判决反馈器903可以由判决器和减法器构成，其中，判决器用于根据信号Zn生成判决信号
Figure PCTCN2015073598-appb-000012
该减法器用于计算信号Zn与判决信号
Figure PCTCN2015073598-appb-000013
的差，生成误差信号en。关于判决器的结构和原理，可以参考现有技术，本发明实施例不再赘述。
图10是本发明实施例2的接收机的一结构示意图，图10所示的接收机的结构示意图是对图9所示的接收机的构成示意图的进一步说明。
如图10所示，本发明实施例的接收机1000接收时域信号yn，经过快速傅里叶变换器1001的处理，生成频域信号Yn，该频域信号Yn的信道包含多个子载波；均衡处理单元1002根据均衡系数Wn，对频域信号Yn进行第n次均衡处理，生成信号Zn；信号Zn经过判决反馈器1003，生成判决信号
Figure PCTCN2015073598-appb-000014
和误差信号en；频域信号Yn经过共 轭单元1004生成共轭信号Yn *，共轭信号Yn *与误差信号en在第二乘法单元1005中相乘，生成信号enYn *；平均单元1006对信号enYn *累加后取平均值，去除随机噪声的影响；步长生成单元1007所生成的步长μ与平均单元1006的输出信号在第一乘法单元1008中相乘，生成μenYn *；均衡系数生成单元1009将均衡系数Wn输出到均衡处理单元1002，用于第n次均衡处理，并且均衡系数生成单元1009还将存储于存储器1010中的均衡系数Wn与第一乘法单元1008的输出信号相减，得到均衡系数Wn+1，该均衡系数Wn+1对存储器1010中的均衡系数Wn进行更新，用于进行第n+1次均衡处理。
在本发明实施例中，快速傅里叶变换器1001和判决反馈器1003分别与图9的快速傅里叶变换器901和判决反馈器903结构和原理相同，此处不再重复说明；图10中其它单元的结构和原理与本发明实施例1中自适应均衡器的相应单元相同，本发明实施例不再重复说明。
根据本发明的实施例，接收机根据各个子载波的信道信息，对各个子载波设置不同的步长，因此，能够针对不同子载波进行不同的均衡处理，从而提高接收机的性能；并且，针对各个子载波设置不同的初始均衡系数，能够进一步针对不同子载波进行不同的均衡处理，进一步提高接收机的性能。
实施例3
本发明实施例3提供一种电子设备，该电子设备包括实施例2所述的接收机。
图11是本发明实施例3的电子设备的一构成示意图。如图11所示，该电子设备1100可以包括中央处理器1101和存储器1102；存储器1102耦合到中央处理器1101。值得注意的是，该图是示例性的；还可以使用其他类型的结构，来补充或代替该结构，以实现电信功能或其他功能。
在一个实施方式中，接收机装置的功能可以被集成到中央处理器1101中。其中，中央处理器1101可以被配置为：
对输入该接收机的时域信号进行快速傅里叶变换，以生成频域信号Yn，所述频域信号Yn所使用的信道包含多个子载波；根据对所述频域信号Yn所使用信道的检 测结果，对所述频域信号Yn进行均衡处理，其中，不同的子载波对应不同的步长；判决反馈器，其对经过所述均衡处理的频域信号进行判决，生成判决信号，并将经过所述均衡处理的频域信号与判决信号的差作为误差信号，用于所述均衡处理；
针对每个子载波，根据该子载波的信道信息和步长，生成与该子载波对应的均衡系数，其中，不同的该子载波对应不同的所述步长；针对每个子载波，使用所述均衡系数对该子载波上的信号进行均衡处理；；
根据该子载波的信道信息，生成该子载波对应的初始均衡系数，用于对该子载波上的信号进行均衡处理；根据本次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数、所述步长和与本次均衡处理后的误差信号相对应的第一参数，生成下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数；
根据该子载波的信道信息，生成所述步长；根据所述频域信号和所述误差信号，计算所述第一参数；计算所述步长和所述第一参数相乘的结果与本次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数的差值，作为下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数。
计算所述初始均衡系数的绝对值的平方；将所述初始均衡系数的绝对值的平方与步长因子相乘，生成所述步长；
生成所述频域信号的共轭信号；将所述频域信号的共轭信号与所述误差信号相乘；
对所述相乘的结果求平均值，生成所述第一参数。
在另一个实施方式中，接收机可以与中央处理器1101分开配置，例如可以将接收机配置为与中央处理器1101连接的芯片，通过中央处理器的控制来实现接收机的功能。
如图11所示，该电子设备1100还可以包括：通信模块1103，用于对接收机的输出信号进行处理、输入单元1104、音频处理单元1105、显示器1106、电源1107。值得注意的是，电子设备1100也并不是必须要包括图11中所示的所有部件；此外，电子设备1100还可以包括图11中没有示出的部件，可以参考现有技术。
如图11所示，中央处理器1101有时也称为控制器或操作控件，可以包括微处理器或其他处理器装置和/或逻辑装置，该中央处理器1101接收输入并控制电子设备1100的各个部件的操作。
其中，存储器1102，例如可以是缓存器、闪存、硬驱、可移动介质、易失性存储器、非易失性存储器或其它合适装置中的一种或更多种，可存储执行有关信息的程 序。并且中央处理器1101可执行该存储器1102存储的该程序，以实现信息存储或处理等。其他部件的功能与现有类似，此处不再赘述。电子设备1100的各部件可以通过专用硬件、固件、软件或其结合来实现，而不偏离本发明的范围。
实施例4
本发明实施例提供一种自适应均衡方法，与实施例1中的自适应均衡器对应，与实施例1相同的内容不再赘述。
图12是本发明实施例4的自适应均衡方法的流程图，如图12所示，该方法包括：
步骤1201，针对每个子载波，根据该子载波的信道信息和步长，生成与该子载波对应的均衡系数，其中，不同的该子载波对应不同的所述步长；
步骤1202，针对每个子载波，使用所述均衡系数对该子载波上的信号进行均衡处理。
图13是本发明实施例4的生成与子载波对应的均衡系数的方法流程图，如图13所示，该方法包括：
步骤1301，根据该子载波的信道信息，生成该子载波对应的初始均衡系数，用于对该子载波上的信号进行均衡处理；
步骤1302，根据本次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数、所述步长和与本次均衡处理后的误差信号相对应的第一参数，生成下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数。
图14是本发明实施例4的生成与下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数的方法流程图，如图14所示，该方法包括：
步骤1401，根据该子载波的信道信息，生成所述步长；
步骤1402，根据所述频域信号和所述误差信号，计算所述第一参数；
步骤1403，计算所述步长和所述第一参数相乘的结果与本次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数的差值，作为下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数。
图15是本发明实施例4的生成步长的方法流程图，如图15所示，该方法包括：
步骤1501，计算所述初始均衡系数的绝对值的平方；
步骤1502，将所述初始均衡系数的绝对值的平方与步长因子相乘，生成所述步长。
本实施例中各步骤的具体工作方式请参考实施例1中相应单元的具体工作方式， 此处不再赘述。
根据本发明的实施例，根据各个子载波的信道信息，对各个子载波设置不同的步长，因此，能够针对不同子载波进行不同的均衡处理；并且，针对各个子载波设置不同的初始均衡系数，能够进一步针对不同子载波进行不同的均衡处理。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读程序，其中当在信息处理装置或用户设备中执行所述程序时，所述程序使得计算机在所述信息处理装置或用户设备中执行实施例4所述的自适应方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种存储有计算机可读程序的存储介质，其中所述计算机可读程序使得计算机在信息处理装置或用户设备中执行实施例4所述的自适应均衡方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读程序，其中当在信息处理装置或基站中执行所述程序时，所述程序使得计算机在所述信息处理装置或基站中执行实施例4所述的自适应均衡方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种存储有计算机可读程序的存储介质，其中所述计算机可读程序使得计算机在信息处理装置或基站中执行实施例4所述的自适应均衡方法。
本发明以上的装置和方法可以由硬件实现，也可以由硬件结合软件实现。本发明涉及这样的计算机可读程序，当该程序被逻辑部件所执行时，能够使该逻辑部件实现上文所述的装置或构成部件，或使该逻辑部件实现上文所述的各种方法或步骤。本发明还涉及用于存储以上程序的存储介质，如硬盘、磁盘、光盘、DVD、flash存储器等。
以上结合具体的实施方式对本发明进行了描述，但本领域技术人员应该清楚，这些描述都是示例性的，并不是对本发明保护范围的限制。本领域技术人员可以根据本发明的精神和原理对本发明做出各种变型和修改，这些变型和修改也在本发明的范围内。
关于包括以上实施例的实施方式，还公开下述的附记：
附记1、一种自适应均衡器，用于对频域信号进行自适应均衡处理，所述频域信号使用的信道包含多个子载波，所述自适应均衡器包括：
均衡系数生成单元，针对每个子载波，其根据该子载波的信道信息和步长，生成与该子载波对应的均衡系数，其中，不同的该子载波对应不同的所述步长；
均衡处理单元，其针对每个子载波，使用所述均衡系数对该子载波上的信号进行均衡处理。
附记2、根据附记1所述的自适应均衡器，其中，所述均衡系数生成单元包括：
第一均衡系数生成单元，其根据该子载波的信道信息，生成该子载波对应的初始均衡系数，用于对该子载波上的信号进行初始均衡处理；
第二均衡系数生成单元，其根据本次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数、所述步长和与本次均衡处理后的误差信号相对应的第一参数，生成下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数。
附记3、根据附记2所述的自适应均衡器，其中，所述第二均衡系数生成单元包括：
步长生成单元，其根据该子载波的信道信息，生成所述步长；
第一参数计算单元，其根据所述频域信号和所述误差信号，计算所述第一参数；
第一计算单元，其计算所述步长和所述第一参数相乘的结果与本次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数的差值，作为下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数。
附记4、根据附记3所述的自适应均衡器，其中，所述步长生成单元包括：
第二计算单元，其用于计算所述初始均衡系数的绝对值的平方；
第一乘法单元，其用于将所述第二计算单元的计算结果与步长因子相乘，生成所述步长。
附记5、根据附记3所述的自适应均衡器，其中，所述第一参数计算单元包括：
共轭单元，其用于生成所述频域信号的共轭信号；
第二乘法单元，其用于将所述共轭单元的输出和所述误差信号相乘。
附记6、根据附记5所述的自适应均衡器，其中，所述第一参数计算单元还包括：
平均单元，其用于对所述第二乘法单元的输出求平均值，生成所述第一参数。
附记7、一种接收机，包括根据附记1-6之一所述的自适应均衡器，所述接收机还包括：
快速傅里叶变换器，其对输入该接收机的时域信号进行快速傅里叶变换，以生成频域信号；
判决反馈器，其对经过所述自适应均衡器进行均衡处理的频域信号进行判决，生成判决信号，并将经过所述均衡处理的频域信号与判决信号的差作为误差信号，反馈 给所述自适应均衡器。
附记8、一种自适应均衡方法，用于对频域信号进行自适应均衡处理，所述频域信号使用的信道包含多个子载波，所述自适应均衡方法包括：
针对每个子载波，根据该子载波的信道信息和步长，生成与该子载波对应的均衡系数，其中，不同的该子载波对应不同的所述步长；
针对每个子载波，使用所述均衡系数对该子载波上的信号进行均衡处理；
附记9、根据附记8所述的自适应均衡方法，其中，生成与该子载波对应的均衡系数包括：
根据该子载波的信道信息，生成该子载波对应的初始均衡系数，用于对该子载波上的信号进行均衡处理；
根据本次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数、所述步长和与本次均衡处理后的误差信号相对应的第一参数，生成下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数。
附记10、根据附记9所述的自适应均衡方法，其中，生成下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数包括：
根据该子载波的信道信息，生成所述步长；
根据所述频域信号和所述误差信号，计算所述第一参数；
计算所述步长和所述第一参数相乘的结果与本次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数的差值，作为下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数。
附记11、根据附记10所述的自适应均衡方法，其中，生成所述步长包括：
计算所述初始均衡系数的绝对值的平方；
将所述初始均衡系数的绝对值的平方与步长因子相乘，生成所述步长。
附记12、根据附记11所述的自适应均衡方法，其中，计算所述第一参数包括：
生成所述频域信号的共轭信号；
将所述频域信号的共轭信号与所述误差信号相乘。
附记13、根据附记12所述的自适应均衡方法，其中，计算所述第一参数还包括：
对所述相乘的结果求平均值，生成所述第一参数。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自适应均衡器，用于对频域信号进行自适应均衡处理，所述频域信号使用的信道包含多个子载波，所述自适应均衡器包括：
    均衡系数生成单元，其针对每个子载波，根据该子载波的信道信息和步长，生成与该子载波对应的均衡系数，其中，不同的子载波对应不同的所述步长；
    均衡处理单元，其针对每个子载波，使用所述均衡系数对该子载波上的信号进行均衡处理。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自适应均衡器，其中，所述均衡系数生成单元包括：
    第一均衡系数生成单元，其根据该子载波的信道信息，生成该子载波对应的初始均衡系数，用于对该子载波上的信号进行初始均衡处理；
    第二均衡系数生成单元，其根据本次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数、所述步长和与本次均衡处理后的误差信号相对应的第一参数，生成下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的自适应均衡器，其中，所述第二均衡系数生成单元包括：
    步长生成单元，其根据该子载波的信道信息，生成所述步长；
    第一参数计算单元，其根据所述频域信号和所述误差信号，计算所述第一参数；
    第一计算单元，其计算所述步长和所述第一参数相乘的结果与本次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数的差值，作为下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的自适应均衡器，其中，所述步长生成单元包括：
    第二计算单元，其用于计算所述初始均衡系数的绝对值的平方；
    第一乘法单元，其用于将所述第二计算单元的计算结果与步长因子相乘，生成所述步长。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的自适应均衡器，其中，所述第一参数计算单元包括：
    共轭单元，其用于生成所述频域信号的共轭信号；
    第二乘法单元，其用于将所述共轭单元的输出和所述误差信号相乘。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的自适应均衡器，其中，所述第一参数计算单元还包括：
    平均单元，其用于对所述第二乘法单元的输出求平均值，生成所述第一参数。
  7. 一种接收机，包括根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的自适应均衡器，所述接收机还包括：
    快速傅里叶变换器，其对输入该接收机的时域信号进行快速傅里叶变换，以生成频域信号；
    判决反馈器，其对经过所述自适应均衡器进行均衡处理的频域信号进行判决，生成判决信号，并将经过所述均衡处理的频域信号与判决信号的差作为误差信号，反馈给所述自适应均衡器。
  8. 一种自适应均衡方法，用于对频域信号进行自适应均衡处理，所述频域信号使用的信道包含多个子载波，所述自适应均衡方法包括：
    针对每个子载波，根据该子载波的信道信息和步长，生成与该子载波对应的均衡系数，其中，不同的该子载波对应不同的所述步长；
    针对每个子载波，使用所述均衡系数对该子载波上的信号进行均衡处理。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的自适应均衡方法，其中，生成与该子载波对应的均衡系数包括：
    根据该子载波的信道信息，生成该子载波对应的初始均衡系数，用于对该子载波上的信号进行均衡处理；
    根据本次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数、所述步长和与本次均衡处理后的误差信号相对应的第一参数，生成下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的自适应均衡方法，其中，生成下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数包括：
    根据该子载波的信道信息，生成所述步长；
    根据所述频域信号和所述误差信号，计算所述第一参数；
    计算所述步长和所述第一参数相乘的结果与本次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数的差值，作为下次均衡处理所使用的均衡系数。
PCT/CN2015/073598 2014-04-24 2015-03-04 自适应均衡器、自适应均衡方法以及接收机 WO2015161719A1 (zh)

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