Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
  • H01M10/6553—Terminals or leads
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
  • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
  • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
  • H01M10/625—Vehicles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/63—Control systems
  • H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
  • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
  • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
  • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
  • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
  • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
  • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
  • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
  • H05B3/56—Heating cables
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
  • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
  • H01M2200/106—PTC
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
  • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
  • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
  • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
  • H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
  • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
  • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates to electrical batteries and in particular to electrical batteries used for vehicular energy storage.
• Electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles make use of batteries for energy storage.
• the batteries may be subject to a range of storage temperatures including subzero temperatures. At low temperatures, the available power for many types of batteries, including lithium ion batteries, is substantially reduced and the battery efficiency decreased.
• the present invention provides a heater for electric vehicle batteries that can be applied directly to the flat film walls of an individual "pouch cell", the latter of which are assembled together in a compact stack to provide a battery of suitable voltage.
• a thin heating element By attaching a thin heating element directly to the pouch wall, the volume of heater structure is substantially reduced with a corresponding reduction in cost and weight.
• heat may be applied locally to each cell to rapidly warm the battery in a way that would be difficult with a heater external to the battery subject to a larger isolating thermal resistance.
• Each heater may include a thermostatic control to substantially eliminate hot spots that might otherwise be expected to develop based on the different locations of the cells within the battery.
• the invention provides a battery pack assembly including at least one pouch cell providing opposed polymeric film walls holding battery electrodes and providing exposed battery terminals.
• a flexible film heater having exposed heater terminals is applied in thermal contact to at least one polymeric film wall to heat the same when the current passes between the heater terminals.
• the battery pack assembly may include multiple pouch cells each having an attached flexible film heater and stacked so that each pouch cell contacts a flexible film heater on both opposed polymeric film walls and so that at least one film heater contacts two adjacent pouch cells.
• the exposed heater terminals for successive film heaters may extend generally along the plane of the film heater at different locations for different film heaters so heater terminals of the first film heater may attach to the battery terminals of an adjacent pouch cell and heater terminals of other film heaters may wrap around pouch cells to attach to an adjacent film heater without contacting other heater terminals.
• the exposed heater terminals overlie and contact the battery terminals.
• the battery terminals may be disposed along a seam between the opposed polymeric film walls to extend generally parallel to the polymeric film walls, and the exposed heater terminals may extend along a plane of the flexible film heater to overlie and contact the battery terminals.
• the exposed heater terminals may be flexible and coated with a conductive adhesive for attachment to the battery terminals.
• the film heater may employ a positive temperature coefficient material.
• thermoregulation that is responsive to different temperatures that may exist within a bank of pouch cells.
• the film heater may provide a thermostatic element switching current through the film heater according to a temperature of the film heater.
• thermoregulation that fully removes the heater load from the battery at threshold
• the thermostatic element may be selected from a bimetallic element and a memory metal element.
• the film heater may provide a set of polymeric conductors extending between flanking distribution conductors extending along edges of the pouch cells in the assembled battery pack assembly, and the distribution conductors may be flexible metallic films or foil.
• the width of the distribution conductors at a point along the distribution conductors may be proportional to a sum of the widths of the polymeric conductors joined by the distribution conductors downstream from that point with respect to the battery terminals.
• the film heater may provide an electrically insulating polymer film substrate to which the film heater is attached.
• the polymeric substrate may be coated with a pressure sensitive adhesive for attachment to a polymeric film wall.
• the film heater may provide a conductive material adhered directly to the polymeric film wall, for example, by direct printing.
• the pouch cells may be lithium ion batteries.
• Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a pouch cell having an integrated heater element attached to the cell wall according to the present invention
• Fig. 2 is a figure similar to that of Fig. 1 showing a fully assembled pouch cell
• Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view through a tab electrode of the pouch cell showing a thermostatic control element operating to disconnect the heater in a warm state;
• Fig. 4 is a figure similar to that of Fig. 3 showing the thermostatic control element in the cold state connecting the heater to the battery;
• Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of the interconnection of multiple pouch cells and heaters to provide a battery system for use in a hybrid or electric vehicle;
• Fig. 6 is an exploded perspective view of four stages in the assembly of a three cell battery subsystem having interleaved heaters according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 7 is a figure similar to that of Fig. 2 showing three fabrication processes for attaching the film heater to a pouch cell.
• a pouch cell 10 suitable for assembly into a battery for use in an electric vehicle such as a car or the like, may have a generally flattened prismatic form factor having upper and lower rectangular pouch walls 12a and 12b.
• the upper and lower rectangular pouch walls 12a and 12b will typically be constructed of a flexible, insulating polymer sheet that may be heat-sealable around a seam periphery 14 to provide a pouch defining an enclosed volume 16.
• the enclosed volume 16 may hold various plates, separators, and electrolytes selected to provide electrochemical storage and release electrical power.
• the volume 16 may hold an upper current collector plate 18a such as a metal foil or other conductor having a plate section 20 to fit within the volume 16 and an extending tab electrode 22a to project beyond the seam periphery 14 of the upper and lower rectangular pouch walls 12a and 12b for external connection to the upper current collector plate 18a.
• the upper current collector plate 18a will be positioned adjacent to the upper rectangular pouch wall 12a.
• a similar, lower collector plate 18b may be positioned adjacent to the lower rectangular pouch wall 12b and may likewise have a plate section 20 fitting within the volume 16 and tab electrode 22b projecting beyond the seam periphery 14 and displaced from the tab electrode 22a, for example, on opposite left and right sides of one edge of the seam periphery 14.
• the upper and lower collector plates 18a and 18b may flank a stack comprising a negative electrode material 26 adjacent to the upper current collector plate 18a, a positive electrode material 28 adjacent to the lower current collector plate 18b, and a separator 30 between the negative electrode material 26 and the positive electrode material 28.
• a separator 30 between the negative electrode material 26 and the positive electrode material 28.
• an individual pouch cell 10 will hold a single positive electrode material 28 and negative electrode material 26.
• Construction of a pouch cell as described above may be according to the description of US patent application 2012/0263987 entitled "High-Energy Lithium-Ion Secondary Batteries" assigned to Envia Systems, Inc. and hereby incorporated by reference.
• an electrical resistance heater 31 in the form of an electrode array 32.
• the electrode array 32 has attachment tabs 34a and 34b aligned with and attached to electrodes 22a and 22b, respectively (as will be described in detail below).
• the attachment tabs 34a and 34b lead to left and right power rails 36 extending along the full length of two opposed sides of the upper rectangular pouch wall 12a having a planar extent that narrows as one moves away from the attachment tabs 34a and 34b.
• Left and right power rails 36 may be, for example, a metal foil or metalized layer or other conductive material.
• Spanning heater conductors 38 extend between the left and right power rails 36 like rungs of a ladder to provide a path of current flow between attachment tab 34a and 34b.
• a width of the left and right power rails can be made proportional to the sum of the widths of all downstream spanning heater conductors 38 so that the left and right power rails 36 become narrower as they proceed away from the attachment tabs 34.
• the electrode array 32 may be constructed, for example, of a high resistance conductive material providing low current draw and generating heat over the entire surface of the upper rectangular pouch wall 12a.
• the spanning heater conductors 38 are polymer heaters being, for example, a conductive polyester material exhibiting a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) to provide for temperature driven current limiting and thus a first level of temperature feedback preventing hotspots when the pouch cells 10 are assembled together into a battery.
• PTC positive temperature coefficient
• Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heaters suitable for the present invention, are also disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,857,711 and 4,931,627 to Leslie M. Watts hereby incorporated in their entireties by reference.
• the electrode array 32 may be printed directly on the upper rectangular pouch wall 12a or die cut and adhered on the upper rectangular pouch wall 12a using well- understood techniques.
• Conductive polymers may, for example, be polymers having fine particulate filler of a conductive material such as silver.
• the power rails 36 and spanning heater conductors 38 may be supported on a flexible insulating polymer carrier layer 37.
• each of the attachment tabs 34 may be parallel to but spaced away from respective tab electrodes 22 which they overlie by a thermostat structure 40 operating to connect and disconnect one or both of the attachment tabs 34 from their respective tab electrodes 22 as a function of temperature.
• each attachment tab 34 is laminated on top of a memory metal strip 42 (or bimetallic strip or the like) by means of a conductive adhesive layer 43.
• the memory metal strip 42 is supported away from the tab electrode 22 at its left and right edges by means of flexible insulating (dielectric) pads 44 so that a center portion of the memory metal strip 42 is spaced from the tab electrode 22 by open gap 46 when the memory metal strip 42 is warm (for example, at a positive Fahrenheit temperature).
• the memory metal strip 42 will curve to close the gap 46 causing the memory metal strip 42 to directly contact the tab electrode 22 allowing current flow between the tab electrode 22 and the attachment tab 34 energizing the electrical resistance heater 31.
• multiple of the pouch cells 10 may be assembled together in a stack 50 providing a battery 52, the battery 52 exchanging current with a power management system 54 of the electric vehicle communicating with a motor/generator 56 to provide current to the motor and receive current from the generator.
• a power management system 54 of the electric vehicle communicating with a motor/generator 56 to provide current to the motor and receive current from the generator.
• Each of the pouch cells 10 is placed in the stack 50 with its upper rectangular pouch wall 12a abutting the lower rectangular pouch wall 12b of adjacent pouch cell 10 so as to sandwich each electrical resistance heater 31 between insulating surfaces of different pouch cells 10 and to provide each pouch cell 10 with the separate thermostatically controlled heater element.
• the pouch cells 10 may be connected in parallel to the power management system 54 and the stack 50 placed in a housing (not shown).
• a multi -pouch cell subsystem 58 may be assembled from pouch cells 10a- 10c interleaved with electrical resistance heaters 3 la-3 lc.
• electrical resistance heaters 31a and 31b flank opposite sides of pouch cell 10a
• electrical resistance heaters 31b and 31c flank opposite sides of pouch cell 10b
• electrical resistance heaters 31c and 3 Id flank opposite sides of pouch cell 10c for assembly in a stack as shown in stage 62.
• Electrical communication between the various electrical resistance heaters 31a- 31c may be provided by conductive tabs 60 positioned in lateral left and right extensions, respectively, from the left and right power rails 36 of each of the electrical resistance heaters 31. Electrical resistance heater 31a may receive electrical power through tabs 34 as described above and may communicate that electrical power down the left and right power rails 36 to the left and right tabs 60a.
• electrical resistance heaters 31a and 3 lb may be pressed against opposite sides of a pouch cell 10a and the tabs 60a folded around the pouch cell 10a to attach to, and to electrically communicate with, the power rails 36 of the electrical resistance heater 31a by means of a conductive adhesive material, for example, but not limited to, a pressure sensitive conductive adhesive such as an acrylic adhesive.
• a conductive adhesive material for example, but not limited to, a pressure sensitive conductive adhesive such as an acrylic adhesive.
• the tabs 60a thus provide an electrical path from the tabs 34 to the left and right power rails of electrical resistance heater 31b.
• Electrical resistance heater 31b may likewise have left and right extending tabs 60b (displaced upward slightly with respect to tabs 60a to prevent interference) so that when electrical resistance heater 31b and electrical resistance heater 31c are pressed against the opposite sides of pouch cell 10b, tabs 60b may be folded around the pouch cell 10b to contact and conductively adhere to the power rails 36 of the electrical resistance heater 3 lc to provide electrical power thereto. This is shown in stage 66.
• electrical resistance heater 31c may likewise have left and right extending tabs 60c (displaced slightly downward with respect to tabs 60a) so that when electrical resistance heater 31c and electrical resistance heater 3 Id are pressed against opposite sides of pouch cell 10c, tabs 60c may be folded around the pouch cell 10c to contact and conductively adhere to the power rails 36 and around electrical resistance heater 3 Id to provide power thereto, as shown in stage 68.
• this technique may be used with direct printing of the spanning heater conductors 38 to the pouch material with an adhesive connection between the spanning heater conductors 38 and foil that may implement the various tabs 60.
• the three pouch cells 10a- 10c may have electrical heat applied to both sides with power received only through a pair of tabs 34 which may provide for the thermostatic control described above reducing the cost of such thermostatic control.
• the tabs 60 also serve to hold and stabilize the assembly for later additional assembly operations.
• thermostatic control may be provided on each electrical resistance heater 31 for more precise temperature control.
• An exposed metal surface of power rails 36 and tabs 60a for electrical resistance heater 31a are generally continuous metal conductive material and face an insulating surface of pouch cell 10a.
• exposed metal surfaces of power rails 36 and tabs 60b and 60c for pouch cells 10b and 10c, respectively face insulating surfaces of pouch cells 10b and 10c, respectively.
• the electrical resistance heater 31 may be attached to an upper or lower pouch wall 12 by direct printing of one or both of the power rails 36 and spanning heater conductors 38 directly on the polymer material of the pouch wall 12. This printing can use, for example, screenprinting techniques well known in the art.
• one or both of the power rails 36 and spanning heater conductors 38 may be attached to the pouch wall 12 by means of the pressure sensitive or other type of adhesive layer 70.
• the adhesive layer 70 may be a conductive adhesive of the type described above.
• one or both of the power rails 36 and spanning heater conductors 38 may be prepared on a transfer substrate (not shown) and then applied to the pouch wall 12 for transfer in the manner of a decal.
• the spanning heater conductors 38 may be printed directly on the pouch wall 12 and the power rails 36 may be adhesively applied foil members using conductive adhesive.
• one or both of the power rails 36 and spanning heater conductors 38 may be fabricated on a supporting flexible film substrate of polymer carrier layer 37, the latter of which may then be attached by adhesive layer 72 to the pouch wall 12 of the pouch cell 10.
• the terminals 34 the polymer carrier layer 37 underlying the terminals 34 may be peeled back and removed prior to attachment.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
• Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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Cited By (7)

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Citations (7)

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• 2015
  • 2015-04-03 CN CN201580015164.4A patent/CN106133995B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2015-04-03 US US15/302,572 patent/US10236544B2/en active Active
  • 2015-04-03 DE DE112015000608.7T patent/DE112015000608T5/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2015-04-03 WO PCT/US2015/024238 patent/WO2015157106A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2015-04-03 JP JP2016561801A patent/JP2017517094A/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (7)

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