WO2015152413A1 - 加齢または筋萎縮の診断用バイオマーカー - Google Patents
加齢または筋萎縮の診断用バイオマーカー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015152413A1 WO2015152413A1 PCT/JP2015/060671 JP2015060671W WO2015152413A1 WO 2015152413 A1 WO2015152413 A1 WO 2015152413A1 JP 2015060671 W JP2015060671 W JP 2015060671W WO 2015152413 A1 WO2015152413 A1 WO 2015152413A1
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- musk
- protein
- aging
- muscle atrophy
- musk protein
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biomarker for diagnosis of aging or muscle atrophy.
- diagnosis is performed based on daily activity scores based on measurements of muscle strength, muscle mass, and exercise capacity, and listening. Since these methods are not effective for early diagnosis before muscular atrophy progresses, it is necessary to develop biomarkers that can prevent and treat muscle atrophy by diagnosing muscle changes early. .
- ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- examinations such as needle electromyography, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and neuroimaging Have been shown to be useful in supporting the diagnosis.
- biomarkers are considered useful for early diagnosis of ALS as well as for reducing the number of subjects in clinical trials, shortening the period, and objectively determining drug efficacy.
- Identification of ALS patients using cerebrospinal fluid and plasma has been studied. However, at present, there is no biomarker proven to be useful for this disease (Non-patent Document 1).
- Autoantibodies are used for the definitive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, but are not useful for determining the effectiveness or side effects of treatment or assessing severity, and are measured by single-fiber electromyography It is a good index for diagnosing the pathological condition of time, but is not useful for prognosis determination by treatment. Therefore, there is a need for a biomarker that can be commonly measured in myasthenia gravis model animals and patients and that can objectively evaluate the therapeutic effect (Non-patent Document 2).
- Inflammatory markers such as TNF- ⁇ and IL-6 have been reported as biomarkers for sarcopenia (age-related sarcopenia) (Non-patent Documents 3-6). However, it is difficult to use for the purpose of early diagnosis and treatment of muscle atrophy because of its low specificity.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a novel biomarker for diagnosing aging or muscle atrophy, a method for grasping the state of aging or muscular atrophy, and a treatment for aging or muscle atrophy based thereon.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the effectiveness of a preventive effect, a method for screening for an agent for treating or preventing aging or muscle atrophy.
- the receptor-type MuSK (muscle-specific kinase) protein which is a tyrosine kinase expressed on the muscle side (rear membrane) of the neuromuscular synapse (neuromuscular junction), is an essential protein for the formation of neuromuscular synapse, and It is known to play an important role in maintaining the function of muscle synapses.
- the present inventor has found that a secreted MuSK protein produced by transcription beyond the sequence of the splicing signal in an exon upstream from the membrane-binding domain of the receptor-type MuSK protein is expressed in skeletal muscle. Although it has been reported that myasthenia gravis develops by immunizing mice with type MuSK (details will be described later), the function of secreted type MuSK in vivo has not been known so far.
- the present inventor measured the mRNA expression level of secretory MuSK and receptor-type MuSK in mouse skeletal muscle (Example 3), and the amount of MuSK protein present in the mouse serum in a free state (Example 4).
- the expression level of secreted MuSK mRNA and the amount of protein in the blood increased, and the neuromuscular synapse morphological reduction and functional decline were ongoing (Mouse-transected mice or Gibbs) In the fixed mouse), it was confirmed that the secreted MuSK mRNA expression level, the receptor-type MuSK mRNA expression level, and the blood protein level were increased.
- the present inventor has also proposed that in the former (ALS mice), the free MuSK protein in the serum before the onset in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) onset model mouse and myasthenia gravis (MG) onset model mouse. Increase in the amount is observed, and further increase is observed as the disease progresses (Example 6). In the latter (MG mouse), an increase in the amount of free MuSK protein in the serum is observed with the onset (Example 7) was confirmed. From these findings, secretory MuSK mRNA, receptor-type MuSK mRNA, or free MuSK protein in the blood is an aging biomarker, an indicator that indicates the function of neuromuscular synapses, or early diagnosis of muscle atrophy. It was found that it can be used as a possible biomarker.
- myasthenia gravis has developed muscle weakness and mild or moderate muscle atrophy due to autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors (receptors of neurotransmitter molecules expressed on the muscle side of neuromuscular synapses).
- the present inventor confirmed that the receptor-type MuSK protein was contained in the free MuSK protein from the serum of the ALS-onset mouse (Example 8) and the culture supernatant of the mouse cultured myoblast cell line C2C12 (Example 9). It was confirmed that free MuSK protein (cleaved MuSK protein) cleaved by protease and released in the culture supernatant was contained. In addition, the present inventors have confirmed that the amount of free MuSK protein in the culture supernatant of the mouse cultured myoblast cell line C2C12 is decreased by adding the ADAM inhibitor GM6001 to the culture solution (Examples).
- ADAM inhibitor GM6001 has an action of increasing acetylcholine receptor (AChR) aggregation, which is one of the indicators of neural synapse formation, on mouse C2C12 myotube cells.
- AChR acetylcholine receptor
- the present invention [1] A method for measuring the state of aging or muscle atrophy, measuring secreted MuSK protein or mRNA in a sample derived from a subject, [2] The method according to [1], wherein the secretory MuSK protein is a MuSK protein existing in a free state, [3] The method according to [2], wherein the MuSK protein present in a free state is a non-receptor-type MuSK protein and / or a truncated MuSK protein.
- a biomarker for grasping the state of aging or muscle atrophy comprising a secreted MuSK protein or mRNA
- the biomarker according to [6], wherein the secretory MuSK protein is a MuSK protein present in a free state [8] The biomarker of [7], wherein the MuSK protein present in a free state is a non-receptor-type MuSK protein and / or a truncated MuSK protein, [9]
- the biomarker according to any one of [6] to [9], wherein grasping the state of aging or muscle atrophy is determination of the degree of aging, early diagnosis of muscle atrophy, or detection of severe muscle atrophy , [11]
- a method for determining the effectiveness of a therapeutic or prophylactic effect on aging or muscle atrophy by measuring secreted MuSK protein or mRNA in a sample derived from a treated patient [12]
- Agent [17] The active ingredient according to [15] or [16], wherein the active ingredient is a substance that inhibits cleavage of receptor-type MuSK protein, or a substance that inhibits activation of protease or increase in the expression level of protease for receptor-type MuSK protein.
- the present invention also provides: [1a] A kit for grasping the state of aging or muscle atrophy, comprising an antibody against secretory MuSK protein and / or a probe and / or primer capable of analyzing secretory MuSK mRNA.
- [2a] The kit of [1a], wherein the secretory MuSK protein is a MuSK protein present in a free state [3a] The kit of [2a], wherein the MuSK protein present in a free state is a non-receptor-type MuSK protein and / or a truncated MuSK protein, [4a] The kit of [1a], comprising a probe and / or primer capable of analyzing secretory MuSK mRNA; [5a] The kit according to any one of [1a] to [4a], wherein grasping the state of aging or muscle atrophy is determination of the degree of aging, early diagnosis of muscle atrophy, or detection of severe muscle atrophy.
- a kit for determining the effectiveness of a therapeutic or preventive effect on aging or muscle atrophy comprising an antibody against secreted MuSK protein and / or a probe and / or primer capable of analyzing mRNA of secreted MuSK , About.
- the present invention also provides: [15a] A substance that reduces the amount of free MuSK protein or secreted MuSK mRNA, or an acetylcholine receptor (AChR), in an effective amount for a subject in need of treatment or prevention of aging or muscle atrophy
- a method of treating or preventing aging or muscle atrophy comprising administering a substance that increases the aggregation of [15b]
- muscle atrophy includes, for example, sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss), myasthenia gravis (anti-MuSK antibody-positive myasthenia gravis, anti-acetylcholine (AChR) antibody-positive myasthenia gravis , Anti-LRP4 (including low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) -related protein 4), antibody-positive myasthenia gravis, known autoantibody-negative myasthenia gravis, intractable neuromuscular disease, disuse muscle atrophy, motor nerve injury, cachexia , Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Crohn's disease, sarcopenia obesity, arteriosclerosis with muscular atrophy, muscular atrophy associated with cerebrovascular disorder, type I or type II diabetic muscular atrophy, muscle injury, trauma or after surgical treatment Includes muscle tissue reconstruction.
- Sarcopenia is a pathological condition that causes muscle weakness, motor ability, and muscle atrophy due to aging, and the cause is unknown.
- neuromuscular synapse which is the connection between nerves and muscles, decreases in function and reduces its morphology.
- caloric restriction and exercise improve neuromuscular synaptic morphology (Valdez G, Tapia JC, Kang H, et al. PNAS 2010; 107: 14863-14868.).
- Myasthenia gravis develops muscle weakness and muscle atrophy due to synaptic morphological reduction and neurotransmission due to autoantibodies to neuromuscular synapses.
- acetylcholine receptor (AChR), MuSK, and LRP4 have been discovered as the causative autoantigen, but myasthenia gravis of unknown cause still exists.
- Intractable neuromuscular diseases include motor neuropathy (including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, primary lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, bulbar spinal muscular atrophy), polymyositis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, congenital Includes myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy, distal myopathy, congenital myopathy, glycogenosis, mitochondrial myopathy, steroid myopathy, inflammatory myopathy, endocrine myopathy, lipid accumulation disorder myopathy.
- the causes of these diseases that cause muscle atrophy are different from each other, but in the process leading to muscle atrophy, neurotransmission is attenuated due to a reduction in the function and form of neuromuscular synapses, resulting in deterioration of muscle strength and muscle atrophy.
- Disuse muscular atrophy is muscular atrophy that occurs with long-term bed treatment or cast fixation, accompanied by synaptic function reduction and morphology reduction.
- Neuromuscular synapses have been shown to be maintained by reciprocal signaling from muscle and motor nerve endings (Yumoto N, Kim N, Burden SJ. Nature 2012; 489: 438-442.). Healthy individuals maintain synaptic plasticity, and have the ability to regenerate synapses and restore their function and morphology. It has been shown that reduction of synaptic morphology is induced by lack of exercise in healthy rats (Deschenes MR, Tenny KA, Wilson MH. Neuroscience 2006; 137: 1277-1283.).
- mild or moderate muscle atrophy is a decrease in neuromuscular synapse function (for example, decreased signal transduction), but skeletal muscle reactivity (for example, regeneration and maintenance of neuromuscular synapse). Is maintained. Severe muscle atrophy means that the function of neuromuscular synapse is lost and the reactivity of skeletal muscle is lost.
- a novel biomarker for diagnosis of aging or muscle atrophy can be provided.
- a method for grasping the state of aging or muscle atrophy a method for determining the effectiveness of a therapeutic or preventive effect on aging or muscle atrophy (for example, medication therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy)
- a method for screening an agent for treating or preventing aging or muscle atrophy for example, medication therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of measuring the amount of free MuSK protein in serum at the time of 10-week-old, 14-week-old, 18-week-old, and death in wild-type mice (control) and ALS-onset model mice (G93A-SOD1).
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of measuring the amount of serum free MuSK protein at 6 to 8 months of age in wild-type mice (control) and myasthenia gravis (MG) onset model mice (EAMG). Ammonium sulfate fractionation was performed using serum from an ALS model mouse, followed by immunoprecipitation with a mouse anti-MuSK extracellular domain monoclonal antibody, and the result of Western blotting (rabbit anti-mouse MuSK monoclonal antibody) of the resulting immunoprecipitate FIG.
- FIG. 1 In the photograph which replaces drawing which shows the result of the CBB dyeing
- FIG. 1 In the photograph which replaces drawing which shows the result of the CBB dyeing
- FIG. 9 shows the results of analyzing bands 1 to 5 (region of 85 kDa to 50 kDa) shown in FIG. 9 by LC-MS / MS and comparing with the amino acid sequence of the extracellular domain of mouse receptor type MuSK protein (SEQ ID NO: 11).
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the result of having measured the amount of free MuSK protein in a culture supernatant, after culturing mouse cultured myoblast cell line C2C12 in the presence of ADAM inhibitor GM6001. It is a graph which shows the result of having dye
- AChR acetylcholine receptor
- the biomarker of the present invention a method for grasping the state of aging or muscle atrophy, and a method for determining the effectiveness of a therapeutic or preventive effect on aging or muscle atrophy
- a secretory type MuSK (muscle-specific kinase) protein or its gene product (mRNA) is used as a biomarker.
- the MuSK protein includes a receptor-type MuSK protein whose function has been well analyzed and a secreted MuSK protein whose function in vivo is unknown.
- the secretory MuSK protein or a body fluid such as blood is used. MuSK protein is used which is present in the free state.
- Receptor-type MuSK protein is a tyrosine kinase expressed on the muscle side (posterior membrane) of neuromuscular synapse (Valenzuela DM, Stitt TN, DiStefano PS, et al. Neuron 1995; 15: 573-84., Ganju P, Walls E, Brennan J, Reith AD. Oncogene 1995; 11: 281-90.) Is a functional protein essential for the formation of neuromuscular synapses (DeChiara TM, Bowen DC, Valenzuela DM, et al.
- Agrin a heparin sulfate proteoglycan secreted from motor nerve endings, binds to Lrp4 (low-density lipoproteinceptreceptor (LDLR) related protein 4) expressed in the postsynaptic membrane and activates MuSK (Zhang) B, Luo S, Wang Q, Suzuki T, Xiong WC, Mei L. Neuron 2008; 60: 285-97.).
- Lrp4 low-density lipoproteinceptreceptor
- the secretory MuSK protein is a tyrosine kinase that is generated by being transcribed beyond the sequence of the splicing signal in an exon upstream of the membrane-bound domain.
- the mouse secretory MuSK cDNA sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3) and amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 4) have been reported by the present inventor and its collaborators (GenBank: AY360453.1).
- the cDNA sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) and amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 12) were found for the first time this time.
- secreted MuSK protein means, in a narrow sense, a non-receptor type MuSK protein generated by being transcribed beyond the sequence of a splicing signal in an exon upstream from the membrane-binding domain.
- Means MuSK protein present in a free state in body fluids eg blood, cerebrospinal fluid, lymph fluid, urine, ascites, pleural effusion, etc., particularly blood.
- MuSK proteins that exist in a free state in body fluids include, for example, secreted MuSK protein in a narrow sense and receptor-type MuSK protein that binds to an extracellular domain and membrane by an in vivo mechanism (for example, cleavage by an in vivo enzyme).
- Examples include a protein (cleaved MuSK) composed of an extracellular domain portion (or a partial fragment thereof) generated by cleaving into a domain.
- a secretory MuSK protein in a narrow sense can be used as a biomarker as a certain aspect
- a secretory MuSK protein in a broad sense can be used as a biomarker as another aspect.
- a secretory MuSK protein in a narrow sense may be simply referred to as a secretory MuSK protein
- a secretory MuSK protein in a broad sense may be referred to as a MuSK protein that exists in a free state or simply as a free MuSK protein. .
- the secretory MuSK protein in the narrow sense does not exist in the receptor-type MuSK protein, for example, but is a partial sequence on the C-terminal side unique to the secretory MuSK protein (for example, the 452-464th sequence in SEQ ID NO: 2 (human), the sequence Analysis can be performed by using an antibody that recognizes Nos. 374 to 386 in No. 12 (human) and Nos. 452 to 464 in SEQ ID No. 4 (mouse).
- the secretory MuSK protein in the broad sense is, for example, a sequence common to the receptor-type MuSK protein and the secretory MuSK protein in the extracellular domain, for example, the first to 451th sequences in SEQ ID NO: 2 (human), Analysis can be performed by using an antibody that recognizes Nos. 1 to 373 in No. 12 (human) and Nos. 1 to 451 in SEQ ID No. 4 (mouse).
- the biomarker of the present invention can be used as a biomarker for grasping the state of aging or muscle atrophy.
- “ascertaining the state of aging or muscle atrophy” includes, for example, determination of the degree of aging, early diagnosis of muscle atrophy, detection of severe muscle atrophy, self-antigen (secretory MuSK or receptor type) Quantification of the production amount of MuSK, particularly secretory MuSK, differentiation of specific diseases (for example, differentiation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and myasthenia gravis), and the like are included.
- each of the receptor-type MuSK and secretory MuSK mRNA is expressed in skeletal muscle, whereas the mRNA expression of the receptor-type MuSK does not change with aging.
- Secretory MuSK mRNA expression is enhanced by aging, and secreted MuSK mRNA can be used as an aging biomarker.
- the expression of both receptor-type MuSK and secretory MuSK mRNA is enhanced in skeletal muscle, both of which are for early diagnosis of muscle atrophy. It can be used as a biomarker.
- secreted MuSK protein that is, free MuSK is expressed in blood, and the amount of secreted MuSK protein increases with aging, and secreted MuSK protein It can be used as a biomarker.
- secreted MuSK protein increases in the blood and can be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of muscle atrophy.
- the amount of secreted MuSK protein that is, the amount of free MuSK protein, or the amount of secreted MuSK mRNA (that is, the non-receptor-type MuSK mRNA; hereinafter the same unless otherwise specified)
- the value is higher than that of a healthy person or a healthy person, it can be determined that the aging is progressing, the neuromuscular synapse function is decreasing, or the muscle atrophy is progressing.
- the amount of secreted MuSK protein that is, the amount of free MuSK protein, or the amount of mRNA expression of secreted MuSK
- the prevention or treatment effect is effective (in the case of medication, the drug is effective).
- healthy subjects whose various conditions (eg, race, gender, age, physique (especially skeletal muscle mass), exercise history, past history, etc.) are similar for subjects suspected of progression of muscle atrophy, etc.
- the determination can be performed by previously determining an average value and a threshold value from measured values obtained from the population of the subject and comparing the measured value of the subject with the threshold value.
- measurement values from the subject's adolescent to middle age or normal at any age (or early stage of muscle atrophy, etc.) are obtained in advance.
- the determination can be made by periodically measuring with time at a desired interval (for example, an interval of 2 weeks to 1 year) and comparing with a measurement value in a normal state.
- the measurement value of the subject at the time of determination is, for example, 1.2 of the average value of healthy subjects or the measurement value of normal (or early stage such as muscle atrophy) of the subject. It can be determined that the value is high when it is double or higher, in some aspects 1.4 or higher, and in another aspect 1.5 or higher.
- the secretory MuSK protein that is, the amount of free MuSK protein, or the mRNA of secreted MuSK is used as a biomarker for severe muscular atrophy (for example, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, particularly the end stage of onset in humans). Can be used as a marker.
- the amount of secreted MuSK protein that is, the amount of free MuSK protein, or the amount of mRNA expression of secreted MuSK is significantly lower than that of healthy subjects or normal subjects (or early stages such as muscle atrophy).
- the amount of secreted MuSK protein that is, the amount of free MuSK protein or the amount of mRNA expression of secreted MuSK is increased.
- the prevention or treatment effect is effective (in the case of medication, the drug is effective).
- the measured value of the subject at the time of determination is, for example, 1/2 of the average value of the healthy person or the measured value of the normal state of the subject (or an early stage such as muscle atrophy).
- the concentration of the secreted MuSK protein (ie, free MuSK protein) in human serum is, for example, 1 ng / mL or less, in some embodiments 0.5 ng / mL or less, in another embodiment 0.1 ng / mL or less, in another aspect, it can be determined that the value is extremely low when the concentration is 0.05 ng / mL or less.
- self-antigen production in blood or skeletal muscle of anti-MuSK antibody-positive myasthenia gravis is measured by measuring secreted MuSK protein, that is, the amount of free MuSK protein or mRNA of secreted MuSK. The amount can be quantified.
- the effectiveness of the treatment can be determined by detecting the amount of self-antigen production.
- secretory MuSK protein that is, the amount of free MuSK protein, or mRNA of secreted MuSK is used as a biomarker for differentiation between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and myasthenia gravis.
- amount of secreted MuSK protein that is, the amount of free MuSK protein, or the amount of mRNA expression of secreted MuSK is significantly lower than that of healthy subjects or healthy subjects, It can be determined as sclerosis, and when it is higher than that of a healthy person or normal, it can be determined as myasthenia gravis (particularly anti-acetylcholine (AChR) antibody-positive myasthenia gravis).
- AChR anti-acetylcholine
- the amount of secreted MuSK protein in the blood is determined by a known protein analysis method, for example, an immunological analysis method using an antibody (eg, ELISA method, latex agglutination method, Western blot method), It can be measured by a biochemical analysis method such as electrophoresis, a mass spectrometry method, or the like, and an automatic analyzer for clinical examination can also be used.
- a known protein analysis method for example, an immunological analysis method using an antibody (eg, ELISA method, latex agglutination method, Western blot method), It can be measured by a biochemical analysis method such as electrophoresis, a mass spectrometry method, or the like, and an automatic analyzer for clinical examination can also be used.
- a biochemical analysis method such as electrophoresis, a mass spectrometry method, or the like
- an automatic analyzer for clinical examination can also be used.
- the blood sample for example, serum, plasma, whole blood and the like can be used
- the amount of secreted MuSK mRNA in skeletal muscle is determined by known mRNA analysis methods, for example, PCR methods using PCR primers (eg, real-time PCR method, RT-PCR method), hybridization methods using nucleic acid probes (eg, Northern (Blot method) and the like.
- PCR methods using PCR primers eg, real-time PCR method, RT-PCR method
- hybridization methods using nucleic acid probes eg, Northern (Blot method) and the like.
- a muscle biopsy sample can be used as the skeletal muscle sample.
- the amount of secreted MuSK protein that is, the amount of free MuSK protein or the amount of mRNA expression of secreted MuSK is normal in the initial stage of muscle atrophy, or in the mild or moderate stage. Or it is elevated compared to normal (especially adolescent to middle age) or before the start of muscular atrophy, etc., while muscular atrophy has progressed severely (for example, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, especially the end stage of onset in humans) ) Is based on a new finding that is contradictory at first glance that the secreted MuSK protein level or mRNA expression level is significantly lower (almost disappeared) than the normal level or the early stage level such as normal or muscle atrophy. .
- the secreted MuSK protein that is, the free MuSK protein can be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of neuromuscular synapse function or muscle atrophy, and as a diagnostic biomarker for severe muscle atrophy, the present inventor described below.
- the mechanism of action is considered. That is, the receptor-type MuSK protein is essential for the formation and functional maintenance of the muscle side (rear membrane) of the neuromuscular synapse, whereas the secretory MuSK protein acts as a retrograde signal on the nerve side (anterior membrane) of the neuromuscular synapse. It is presumed to be a protein responsible for the formation and maintenance of function.
- the expression level of the secretory MuSK protein as a retrograde signal increases to maintain the neuromuscular synapse function, and therefore, as a biomarker for aging and a biomarker for early diagnosis of muscle atrophy It is considered that it can be used. Also, at the stage where motor neurons have disappeared and muscular atrophy has progressed severely (for example, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), unlike myasthenia gravis, both constitutive expression and compensatory induced expression occur. Since it disappears, it is considered that the secreted MuSK protein in the blood is significantly reduced.
- the said action mechanism is an inventor's estimation at the present stage, and this invention is not limited to this action mechanism.
- the biomarker of the present invention can be used for screening for a treatment or prevention agent for aging or muscle atrophy.
- the screening method of the present invention comprises: A step (administration step) of administering a test substance to an aging or muscle atrophy model animal, or a cell line thereof, A step of measuring the amount of secreted MuSK protein in the sample derived from the model animal or the culture supernatant of the cell line, that is, the amount of free MuSK protein, or the amount of mRNA expression of secreted MuSK (measurement step), Process for selecting candidate substances (selection process) Including, if desired, A step of confirming the treatment or prevention effect of aging or muscle atrophy using another evaluation system for the selected candidate substance (confirmation step) Can further be included.
- the screening method of the present invention can include a step (analysis step) of analyzing aggregation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in the cell line after administration of the test substance, instead of the measurement step.
- a step (analysis step) of analyzing aggregation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in the cell line after administration of the test substance instead of the measurement step.
- both the measurement step and the analysis step can be performed, and candidate substances can be selected based on comprehensive judgment.
- the said analysis process can also be used as an evaluation system in a confirmation process.
- model animal used in the administration step for example, a naturally aged model animal, an artificially aged model animal, or a model animal that has developed muscle atrophy can be used.
- model animals include, for example, sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss), myasthenia gravis (anti-MuSK antibody-positive myasthenia gravis, anti-acetylcholine (AChR) antibody-positive myasthenia gravis, anti-LRP4 antibody-positive severe Myasthenia, including known autoantibody-negative myasthenia gravis), neuromuscular insufficiency (motor neuron disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, primary lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, bulbar spinal muscle) Atrophy), polymyositis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, congenital myasthenia, muscular dystrophy, distal myopathy, congenital myopathy, glycogenosis, mitochondrial myopathy, steroid myopathy, inflammatory myopathy, endocrine myopathy
- a model animal cell line used in the administration step for example, a primary cultured cell isolated from the model animal, a subcultured cell subcultured from the primary cultured cell, and an immortalized cultured cell line can be used.
- an immortalized muscle stem cell or myoblast it is not necessary to separate the muscle stem cell or myoblast from the model animal for each experiment, and the screening method of the present invention can be performed quickly and efficiently. it can.
- Muscle stem cells satellite cells
- myotube cells muscle fiber cells.
- Muscle stem cells and myoblasts are proliferative cells
- myotube cells myofibroblasts are multinucleated cells in which many myoblasts are fused.
- Immortalized muscle stem cells can be generated, for example, by crossing a model mouse with an Imous-mouse having an H-2Kb-promoter induced by IFN- ⁇ and a temperature-sensitive SV40 large T antigen.
- Immortal mouse can induce cell immortalization by expressing SV40 large T antigen by IFN- ⁇ . More specifically, a model mouse and Immortousmouse are crossed to obtain offspring, and muscle stem cells are isolated from the obtained offspring.
- the isolated muscle stem cells are cultured in the presence of IFN- ⁇ at 33 ° C. and 10 ng / mL to induce immortalization. By culturing the obtained cells at 37 ° C., the temperature-sensitive SV40 large T antigen can be decomposed to obtain immortalized muscle stem cells.
- the induction of differentiation from muscle stem cells to myoblasts and myotube cells is not limited, but for example, differentiation can be induced as shown in the following examples. Specifically, 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) is added to the cell culture medium, and muscle stem cells are subcultured and cultured, and 2.5% horse serum (HS) is added instead of FCS when differentiation is induced. To induce differentiation into myoblasts. Furthermore, differentiation can be induced into myotube cells (muscle fiber cells) by subculturing and culturing under the same conditions.
- FCS fetal calf serum
- HS horse serum
- primary myoblasts collected from skeletal muscles derived from patients, or myoblast cell lines obtained by inducing differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells, ES cells, and iPS cells can be used.
- model animals an aging model animal, a model animal that has developed mild or moderate muscle atrophy, or a cell line thereof, the amount of secreted MuSK protein, that is, the amount of free MuSK protein, or secreted MuSK It is anticipated that the mRNA expression level of acetylene increases, or the aggregation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) decreases.
- AChR acetylcholine receptor
- the AChR aggregation in the cell line to which the test substance was administered was analyzed, and the test substance in which AChR aggregation was increased as compared to before the test substance administration (or the control without the test substance administration). Is selected as a candidate substance for the treatment or prevention of aging or muscle atrophy.
- the selected candidate substance can be used in a confirmation process that can be carried out as desired.
- Another evaluation system for example, a model animal that has not been used in the administration process, or an evaluation system closer to humans. After confirming the effect of treatment or prevention of aging or muscle atrophy, promising candidate substances are sent to the next development stage.
- test substances examples include various known compounds (including peptides) registered in the chemical file, combinatorial chemistry techniques (Tetrahedron, 51, 8135-8137, 1995).
- the obtained compound group or a random peptide group created by applying the phage display method (J. Mol. Biol., 222, 301-310, 1991) or the like can be used.
- culture supernatants of microorganisms, natural components derived from plants or marine organisms, or animal tissue extracts can be used as test substances for screening.
- a compound (including peptide) obtained by chemically or biologically modifying a compound (including peptide) selected by the screening method of the present invention can be used.
- Candidate substance selected by the screening method of the present invention that is, a substance that decreases the amount of free MuSK protein or secreted MuSK mRNA, or The substance that increases the aggregation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) can be used as an active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition (treatment or prevention agent) for the treatment or prevention of aging or muscle atrophy of the present invention.
- AChR acetylcholine receptor
- the active ingredient of the therapeutic or prophylactic pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a substance that decreases the amount of free MuSK protein or secreted MuSK mRNA and increases acetylcholine receptor (AChR) aggregation. It is preferable.
- Examples of the substance that inhibits the cleavage of the receptor-type MuSK protein include inhibitors against ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) (for example, ADAM12, ADAM19, particularly ADAM12).
- ADAM a disintegrin and metalloproteinase
- GM6001 As an inhibitor of ADAM, GM6001, TAPI-1 ⁇ N- (R)-(2- (Hydroxyaminocarbonyl) methyl) -4-Methylpentanoyl-L-Nal-L-Alaneine 2-Aminoethylamide (L-Nal: L-3- (2′-Naphthyl) alanine) ⁇ , TAPI-2 ⁇ N- (R)-(2- (Hydroxyaminocarbonyl) methyl) -4-Methylpentanoyl-Lt-Butyl-Glycyl-L-Alanine2-Aminoethyl ⁇ , etc
- substances that reduce the expression level of secretory MuSK mRNA include epigenetic regulators such as siRNA, miRNA, DNA methylase and histone deacetylase inhibitors.
- Examples of the substance that inhibits the activation of protease or increase in the expression level of the receptor-type MuSK protein include a substance that decreases the expression level of the protease or a substance that decreases the enzyme activity of the protease.
- a substance that increases the aggregation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) can be obtained by the screening method of the present invention using AChR aggregation as an index.
- the dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, powders, fine granules, granules, tablets, capsules, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, extracts, or pills. Or parenteral preparations such as injections, liquids for external use, ointments, suppositories, topically applied creams, and eye drops.
- oral preparations include, for example, gelatin, sodium alginate, starch, corn starch, sucrose, lactose, glucose, mannitol, carboxymethylcellulose, dextrin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, crystalline cellulose, soybean lecithin, sucrose, fatty acid ester, talc, stearic acid
- Excipients such as magnesium, polyethylene glycol, magnesium silicate, anhydrous silicic acid, or synthetic aluminum silicate, binders, disintegrants, surfactants, lubricants, fluidity promoters, diluents, preservatives, coloring It can be produced according to a conventional method using an agent, a fragrance, a corrigent, a stabilizer, a humectant, an antiseptic, an antioxidant, or the like.
- parenteral administration methods include injection (subcutaneous, intravenous, etc.) or rectal administration. Of these, the injection is most preferably used.
- a water-soluble solvent such as physiological saline or Ringer's solution
- a water-insoluble solvent such as vegetable oil or fatty acid ester
- an isotonic agent such as glucose or sodium chloride
- Solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, suspending agents, or emulsifiers can be optionally used.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be administered using a sustained-release preparation technique using a sustained-release polymer or the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be incorporated into a pellet of ethylene vinyl acetate polymer and the pellet can be surgically implanted into the tissue to be treated or prevented.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may contain the active ingredient in an amount of 0.01 to 99% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 80% by weight, although not limited thereto.
- the dosage in the case of using the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention should be appropriately determined according to, for example, the type of active ingredient to be used, the type of illness, the age, sex, weight, symptom of the patient, or the administration method. It can be administered orally or parenterally.
- the administration form is not limited to pharmaceuticals, and various forms such as functional foods, health foods (including beverages), or feeds can be given in the form of food and drink.
- the secretory MuSK protein that is the protein of the present invention includes: (A) a protein comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 12 (preferably a protein comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 12), (B) a protein having an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 12 and having secretory MuSK protein activity And (c) an amino acid sequence having 80% or more identity with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 12, and a secretory MuSK protein activity Protein (hereinafter referred to as homologous polypeptide) Is included.
- A a protein comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 12 (preferably a protein comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 12)
- B a protein having an amino acid sequence
- the number of amino acids that can be substituted, deleted, and / or inserted is 1 to several amino acids, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 7, and most preferably 1. ⁇ 5.
- the secretory MuSK protein activity means the activity of forming and maintaining the function of the nerve side (anterior membrane) of the neuromuscular synapse as a retrograde signal.
- the “homologous polypeptide” is “a protein having an amino acid sequence having an identity of 80% or more with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or 12 and having a secretory MuSK protein activity”.
- the amino acid sequence is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 92% or more, still more preferably 94% or more, still more preferably 95% or more, still more preferably 98% or more, and particularly preferably 99% or more.
- Polypeptides containing are preferred.
- the “identity” means a value Identity obtained by using a parameter prepared by default by a NEEDLE program (J Mol Biol 1970; 48: 443-453) search.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a polynucleotide encoding the protein of the present invention.
- the polynucleotide may be a full-length genomic DNA or a polynucleotide consisting only of a translation region, for example, mRNA or cDNA.
- the vector of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains the polynucleotide of the present invention.
- an appropriate vector capable of transforming a eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell.
- the vector can contain a sequence necessary for expression of the polynucleotide, such as a promoter and an enhancer, and can further contain a sequence necessary for confirmation of introduction into the host, such as a drug resistance gene.
- the transformed cell of the present invention can be prepared by transforming a suitable host cell, for example, a eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell, with the vector of the present invention.
- the transformed cell of the present invention can be used for producing the polypeptide of the present invention.
- Example 1 Cloning of mouse and human secretory MuSK gene >> A cDNA library derived from mRNA of a cultured mouse myoblast cell line C2C12 was prepared by placing it in a lambda ZapII vector (Stratagene).
- the human MuSK cDNA gene probe used for screening was derived from total RNA derived from human muscle (Stratagene) with the following primers: 5′-GTTCTCCAGAAGGAACTTCGTCCTGC-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 5) 5′-CCGTGCAGCGGCAGTAAAGCTCCATCAT-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 6) was amplified by RT-PCR.
- the obtained human MuSK cDNA gene probe was labeled with an isotope, a plurality of mouse MuSK cDNAs were isolated from the previously prepared cDNA library, and the gene sequence was analyzed.
- the isolated MuSK cDNA is spliced in front of an exon with a membrane-bound region in addition to a murine receptor-type MuSK cDNA containing an exon containing a membrane-bound sequence and an exon in an intracellular region encoding a tyrosine kinase.
- a MuSK cDNA clone (mouse-secreted MuSK cDNA: SEQ ID NO: 3) was obtained without the translation frame ending with a stop codon.
- Example 2 Expression of secretory MuSK protein >> The cloned mouse and human secretory MuSK gene was inserted into the expression vector pCDNA3.1-myc-his, and the gene was introduced into 293T cells using Fugene 6 (Roche). The culture supernatant on the second day after introduction was run on an 8% SDS acrylamide gel, transferred to a PVDF membrane, and detected with a secondary antibody labeled with a horseradish peroxidase antibody using an anti-myc antibody as the primary antibody. (Pierce). Human secreted MuSK protein (SEQ ID NO: 2) was detected at 68 kDa and 66 kDa, and mouse secreted MuSK protein (SEQ ID NO: 4) was detected at 58 kDa.
- SEQ ID NO: 2 Human secreted MuSK protein
- SEQ ID NO: 4 mouse secreted MuSK protein
- Example 3 Analysis of expression level of secretory and receptor-type MuSK genes in mouse soleus muscle by real-time PCR >> 6-month-old C57BL / 6 mouse soleus muscle, eleven-day-old soleus muscle casted on both sides of the same-month-old mouse in an extended position, and 11-month-old soleus muscle cut off the sciatic nerve 11 days later, 29-month-old The abdominal muscles of the old mice were collected and mRNA was extracted and purified. Comparative quantification of secretory MuSK and receptor-type MuSK mRNA was performed by real-time PCR using the Taqman method (ABI).
- the specific sequence primer of the secretory MuSK is 5′-side sequence: 5′-TGCACAAGACTGCCATATTTAGGT-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 9) Use 3 ′ side sequence: 5′-CGTTCCTTGAACTGGGAAACAGTAA-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 10) Taqman probe (custom order, ABI).
- the extracellular domain of receptor-type MuSK uses a Taqman probe (Mm00448006_m1, ABI) sandwiching an exon between the 4th and 5th and a Taqman primer (Mm01346926_m1) sandwiching the 13th and 14th exons of the receptor-type intracellular region It was.
- Example 4 Determination of the amount of free MuSK protein in mouse serum by Alpha LISA method >> As measurement mice, 8-month-old (control) mice, 20-month-old, 27-month-old and 32-month-old mice (C57BL / 6), 6-month-old mice 11 days after cutting the sciatic nerve (A / WySnJ) and each serum sample (10% serum) was used for the following measurements.
- a mouse was immunized with a secretory protein of a mouse-derived recombinant MuSK extracellular domain to prepare a monoclonal antibody.
- An assay system based on the AlphaLISA method (Perkin Elmer) was established using two types of monoclonal antibodies (RM-24, MH-30). MH-30 (IgG2a ⁇ ) was adsorbed on the acceptor beads, and RM-24 (IgG2a ⁇ ) was labeled with biotin.
- a standard antigen recombinant mouse MuSK protein
- Example 5 Measurement of free MuSK protein in human serum by AlphaLISA method >> As a subject of measurement, after obtaining informed consent in writing after obtaining approval from the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Health and Longevity Medical Center and the Ethics Committee of the partner hospital from September 2012 to October 2013, muscular atrophy 8 patients with lateral sclerosis (ALS) (4 males, 4 females, 32 to 78 years old) and 3 anti-acetylcholine (AChR) antibody positive myasthenia gravis (MG) patients (2 males, 1 female) Blood was collected from 23-79 years old.
- ALS lateral sclerosis
- AChR anti-acetylcholine
- MG myasthenia gravis
- a monoclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing a mouse with a secretory protein derived from a human-derived recombinant MuSK extracellular domain.
- An assay system by AlphaLISA method was established using two kinds of monoclonal antibodies (MH-58, MH-64).
- MH-64 IgG2a ⁇
- MH-58 IgG2a ⁇
- a standard antigen recombinant mouse MuSK protein
- Example 6 Measurement of the amount of free MuSK protein in the serum of mice with onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by the AlphaLISA method >>
- a wild type mouse C57BL / 6
- an ALS onset model mouse G93A-SOD1
- Each serum sample (5% serum) at the time of death, 14 weeks of age (early onset), 18 weeks of age (late stage of onset), and death was measured according to the procedure described in Example 4. The results are shown in FIGS.
- Example 7 Measurement of amount of free MuSK protein in serum of myasthenia gravis (MG) -onset mouse by AlphaLISA method >> Wild-type mice (C57BL / 6) and MG-onset model mice (EAMG) were prepared as measurement target mice, and each serum sample (5% serum) 6-8 months old was prepared according to the procedure described in Example 4. It was measured. The results are shown in FIG. In the MG model mouse, an increase in the amount of free MuSK protein in the serum was observed with the onset.
- MG myasthenia gravis
- Example 8 Detection of free MuSK protein in the serum of mice with onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) >> Serum was collected from an 18-24 week old ALS model mouse (G93A-SOD1), 7.7 mL of the serum was used to perform ammonium sulfate fractionation (80% saturation), and 6.5 mL of supernatant was obtained. After concentration to 1.2 mL using a centrifugal filter unit (Amicon (registered trademark) Ultra, 10 KDa filter; Merck Millipore), the mouse monoclonal antibodies (RM-24, MH-30) prepared in Example 4 were used. Immunoprecipitation was performed.
- a centrifugal filter unit Amicon (registered trademark) Ultra, 10 KDa filter; Merck Millipore
- the resulting precipitate (hereinafter referred to as immunoprecipitate) was dissolved in 15 ⁇ L of SDS buffer, and the total amount (15 ⁇ L) was analyzed by Western blotting (rabbit anti-mouse MuSK monoclonal antibody No. 2-6).
- Western blotting rabbit anti-mouse MuSK monoclonal antibody No. 2-6
- the mouse-derived recombinant MuSK extracellular domain secreted protein used in Example 4 was simultaneously used for Western blotting. The results are shown in FIG. In FIG.
- lane 1 is an immunoprecipitate (100 ng) of a secretory protein of a mouse-derived recombinant MuSK extracellular domain
- lane 2 is an immunoprecipitate of an ALS-onset mouse serum
- lane 3 is a mouse-derived recombinant. It is a secreted protein (100 ng) of the MuSK extracellular domain.
- Example 9 Identification of free MuSK protein secreted into the culture supernatant of a mouse cultured myoblast cell line
- Mouse cultured myoblast cell line C2C12 was seeded in 8 10 cm dishes and pre-cultured in DMEM medium containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) for 3 days.
- the medium was replaced with a differentiation medium (DMEM medium containing 2.5% horse serum (HS)) and fresh on the first day, the second day, the third day, the fifth day after the start of differentiation induction into myotube cells.
- DMEM medium containing 2.5% horse serum (HS) fetal calf serum
- Each culture supernatant was collected by replacing the medium.
- 300 mL of the collected culture supernatant was subjected to an ammonium sulfate fraction (80% saturation) to obtain 30 mL of the supernatant.
- the obtained supernatant was purified through an anti-mouse MuSK antibody column, and finally concentrated using a centrifugal filter unit
- lane 1 is a purified fraction after passing through an antibody column derived from a culture supernatant of a mouse cultured myoblast cell line
- lane 2 is a secreted protein of a mouse-derived recombinant MuSK extracellular domain (for comparison). ).
- FIG. 9 shows the results of CBB staining of the obtained purified fraction (and the secreted protein of the mouse-derived recombinant MuSK extracellular domain (for comparison)).
- the gel in the 85 kDa to 50 kDa region after electrophoresis was divided into 5 (bands 1 to 5 in FIG. 9) and analyzed by LC-MS / MS.
- the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 11) of the extracellular domain of the mouse receptor-type MuSK protein was detected, and the free MuSK protein (the free released into the culture supernatant after the receptor-type MuSK protein was cleaved by the protease) Of MuSK protein).
- Example 10 Reduction of the amount of MuSK protein secreted into the culture supernatant of a cultured mouse myoblast cell line by an ADAM inhibitor >>
- Mouse cultured myoblast cell line C2C12 was seeded in a petri dish, pre-cultured in DMEM medium containing 10% FCS for 3 days, the medium was replaced with differentiation medium (DMEM medium containing 2.5% HS), and ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) inhibitor GM6001 (Calbiochem, # 364206) was added in a predetermined amount, followed by further culturing for 22 hours. After culturing, the amount of free MuSK protein in the culture supernatant was measured according to the procedure described in Example 4.
- Example 11 Increase of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) aggregation in cultured mouse muscle cell lines by ADAM inhibitors >> GM6001 dissolved in DMSO was diluted with a differentiation medium (DMEM medium containing 2.5% HS), added to each mouse C2C12 myotube cell differentiated in a 24-well plate for 3 days, and cultured at 0.4 ml / well. . After 22 hours, the culture supernatant was collected and cultured in a differentiation medium containing 40 nM Alexa488-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin for 1 hour to stain AChR aggregates.
- DMEM medium containing 2.5% HS a differentiation medium containing 40 nM Alexa488-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin
- the biomarker of the present invention can be used for diagnosis of aging or muscle atrophy.
- this invention was demonstrated along the specific aspect, the deformation
- the base sequences represented by the sequences of SEQ ID Nos: 5 to 10 in the sequence listing are primer sequences.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、これらの知見に基づくものである。
[1]被験者由来の試料中の分泌型MuSKタンパク質又はmRNAを測定する、加齢または筋萎縮の状態を把握する方法、
[2]前記の分泌型MuSKタンパク質が、遊離の状態で存在するMuSKタンパク質である、[1]の方法、
[3]遊離の状態で存在するMuSKタンパク質が、非受容体型MuSKタンパク質、及び/又は、切断型MuSKタンパク質である、[2]の方法、
[4]分泌型MuSKのmRNAを測定する、[1]の方法、
[5]加齢または筋萎縮の状態の把握が、加齢の程度の判定、筋萎縮の早期診断、又は重度の筋萎縮の検出である、[1]~[4]のいずれかの方法、
[6]分泌型MuSKタンパク質又はmRNAからなる、加齢または筋萎縮の状態を把握するためのバイオマーカー、
[7]前記の分泌型MuSKタンパク質が、遊離の状態で存在するMuSKタンパク質である、[6]のバイオマーカー、
[8]遊離の状態で存在するMuSKタンパク質が、非受容体型MuSKタンパク質、及び/又は、切断型MuSKタンパク質である、[7]のバイオマーカー、
[9]分泌型MuSKのmRNAからなる、[6]のバイオマーカー、
[10]加齢または筋萎縮の状態の把握が、加齢の程度の判定、筋萎縮の早期診断、又は重度の筋萎縮の検出である、[6]~[9]のいずれかのバイオマーカー、
[11]治療患者由来の試料中の分泌型MuSKタンパク質又はmRNAを測定する、加齢または筋萎縮に対する治療または予防効果の有効性を判定する方法、
[12]加齢または筋萎縮モデル動物、又はその細胞株に試験物質を投与する工程、
前記モデル動物由来の試料中、又は前記細胞株の培養上清中の遊離の状態で存在するMuSKタンパク質又はmRNAを測定する工程、
を含む、加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防剤のスクリーニング方法、
[13]加齢または筋萎縮モデル動物、又はその細胞株に試験物質を投与する工程、
前記細胞株におけるアセチルコリン受容体(AChR)の凝集を分析する工程、
を含む、加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防剤のスクリーニング方法、
[14]加齢または筋萎縮モデル動物、又はその細胞株を含む、加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防剤のスクリーニングキット、
[15]遊離のMuSKタンパク質量、もしくは分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量を低下させる物質、又はアセチルコリン受容体(AChR)の凝集を増加させる物質を有効成分として含む、加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防剤、
[16]前記有効成分が、遊離のMuSKタンパク質量、もしくは分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量を低下させ、且つ、アセチルコリン受容体(AChR)の凝集を増加させる物質である、[15]の治療または予防剤、
[17]前記有効成分が、受容体型MuSKタンパク質の切断を阻害する物質、又は受容体型MuSKタンパク質に対するプロテアーゼの活性化もしくはプロテアーゼの発現量増加を阻害する物質である、[15]又は[16]の加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防剤、
[18]前記有効成分がADAM阻害剤である、[17]の治療または予防剤、
[19]以下の(a)~(c)から選択されるタンパク質:
(a)配列番号2又は配列番号12で表されるアミノ酸配列を含むタンパク質、
(b)配列番号2又は配列番号12で表されるアミノ酸配列において1又は数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、もしくは付加されたアミノ酸配列を含み、且つ、分泌型MuSKタンパク質活性を有するタンパク質、及び
(c)配列番号2又は配列番号12で表されるアミノ酸配列との同一性が80%以上であるアミノ酸配列を含み、且つ、分泌型MuSKタンパク質活性を有するタンパク質、
[20]前記[19]のタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド、
[21]前記[20]のポリヌクレオチドを含むベクター、
[22]前記[21]のベクターで形質転換された細胞、
[23]前記[22]の細胞を含む、加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防剤のスクリーニングキット、
に関する。
[1a]分泌型MuSKタンパク質に対する抗体、及び/又は、分泌型MuSKのmRNAを分析可能なプローブ及び/又はプライマーを含む、加齢または筋萎縮の状態を把握するためのキット、
[2a]前記の分泌型MuSKタンパク質が、遊離の状態で存在するMuSKタンパク質である、[1a]のキット、
[3a]遊離の状態で存在するMuSKタンパク質が、非受容体型MuSKタンパク質、及び/又は、切断型MuSKタンパク質である、[2a]のキット、
[4a]分泌型MuSKのmRNAを分析可能なプローブ及び/又はプライマーを含む、[1a]のキット、
[5a]加齢または筋萎縮の状態の把握が、加齢の程度の判定、筋萎縮の早期診断、又は重度の筋萎縮の検出である、[1a]~[4a]のいずれかのキット、
[11a]分泌型MuSKタンパク質に対する抗体、及び/又は、分泌型MuSKのmRNAを分析可能なプローブ及び/又はプライマーを含む、加齢または筋萎縮に対する治療または予防効果の有効性を判定するためのキット、
に関する。
[15a]加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防の必要がある対象に、その有効量で、遊離のMuSKタンパク質量、もしくは分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量を低下させる物質、又はアセチルコリン受容体(AChR)の凝集を増加させる物質を投与することを含む、加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防方法、
[15b]遊離のMuSKタンパク質量、もしくは分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量を低下させる物質、又はアセチルコリン受容体(AChR)の凝集を増加させる物質の、加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防剤の製造への使用、
[15c]加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防用である、遊離のMuSKタンパク質量、もしくは分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量を低下させる物質、又はアセチルコリン受容体(AChR)の凝集を増加させる物質、
に関する。
また、重度の筋萎縮とは、神経筋シナプスの機能を喪失しており、且つ、骨格筋の反応性が消失していることを意味する。
本発明のバイオマーカーによれば、加齢または筋萎縮の状態を把握する方法、加齢または筋萎縮に対する治療または予防効果(例えば、投薬療法、運動療法、栄養療法)の有効性を判定する方法、加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防剤のスクリーニング方法を提供することができる。
本発明では、バイオマーカーとして、分泌型MuSK(muscle-specific kinase)タンパク質又はその遺伝子産物(mRNA)を使用する。MuSKタンパク質には、その機能がよく解析されている受容体型MuSKタンパク質と、生体内での機能が不明な分泌型MuSKタンパク質とが存在し、本発明では分泌型MuSKタンパク質、あるいは、血中等の体液中に遊離の状態で存在するMuSKタンパク質を使用する。
一方、広義の分泌型MuSKタンパク質は、例えば、細胞外ドメインの内、受容体型MuSKタンパク質と分泌型MuSKタンパク質とに共通する配列、例えば、配列番号2(ヒト)における第1~451番、配列番号12(ヒト)における第1~373番、配列番号4(マウス)における第1~451番)を認識する抗体を用いることにより、分析することができる。
また、加齢または筋萎縮の予防または治療(例えば、投薬療法、運動療法、栄養療法)を行った後、分泌型MuSKタンパク質量、すなわち、遊離のMuSKタンパク質量、または分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量が、前記予防または治療前と比較して低下した場合、その予防または治療効果は有効である(投薬の場合には、その薬が有効である)と判定することができる。
あるいは、筋萎縮等の進行が疑われる被験者に対して、その被験者の青年~壮年期あるいは任意の年齢期の健常時(または筋萎縮等の早期段階)における測定値を予め取得しておき、その後定期的に、所望の間隔(例えば、2週間~1年間の間隔)で経時的に測定を行い、健常時における測定値と比較することにより、前記判定を行うことができる。
例えば、健常者の平均値に対して、あるいは、被検者の健常時(または筋萎縮等の早期段階)の測定値に対して、判定時の被験者の測定値が、例えば、その1.2倍以上、ある態様ではその1.4倍以上、別の態様ではその1.5倍以上の場合に、高値であると判定することができる。
具体的には、分泌型MuSKタンパク質量、すなわち、遊離のMuSKタンパク質量、または分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量が、健常者または健常時(または筋萎縮等の早期段階)と比較して、著しく低値であるか、あるいは、所望の間隔(例えば、2週間~1年間の間隔)で経時的に測定しても全く上昇しない場合、重度の筋萎縮まで進行している、と判定することができる。
また、重度の筋萎縮である患者に対して筋萎縮の予防(進行防止)または治療を行った後、分泌型MuSKタンパク質量、すなわち、遊離のMuSKタンパク質量、または分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量が、前記予防または治療前と比較して上昇した場合、その予防または治療効果は有効である(投薬の場合には、その薬が有効である)と判定することができる。
あるいは、ヒト血清中の分泌型MuSKタンパク質(すなわち、遊離のMuSKタンパク質)濃度として、例えば、1ng/mL以下、ある態様では0.5ng/mL以下、別の態様では0.1ng/mL以下、更に別の態様では0.05ng/mL以下の場合に、著しく低値であると判定することができる。
具体的には、分泌型MuSKタンパク質量、すなわち、遊離のMuSKタンパク質量、または分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量が、健常者または健常時と比較して著しく低値である場合、筋萎縮性側索硬化症と判定することができ、健常者または健常時と比較して高値である場合、重症筋無力症(特には、抗アセチルコリン(AChR)抗体陽性重症筋無力症)と判定することができる。
なお、前記作用機序は現段階での本発明者の推測であり、本発明はこの作用機序に限定されるものではない。
本発明のバイオマーカーは、加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防剤のスクリーニングに用いることができる。
本発明のスクリーニング方法は、
加齢または筋萎縮モデル動物、又はその細胞株に試験物質を投与する工程(投与工程)、
前記モデル動物由来の試料中、又は前記細胞株の培養上清中の分泌型MuSKタンパク質量、すなわち、遊離のMuSKタンパク質量、又は分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量を測定する工程(測定工程)、
候補物質を選択する工程(選択工程)
を含み、所望により、
選択した候補物質について、別の評価系を用いて、加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防効果を確認する工程(確認工程)
を更に含むことができる。
また、前記の分析工程は、確認工程における評価系として用いることもできる。
筋幹細胞(サテライト細胞)は筋芽細胞へと分化し、更に筋管細胞(筋線維細胞)へと分化させることができる。筋幹細胞及び筋芽細胞は増殖可能な細胞であり、筋管細胞(筋線維細胞)は多数の筋芽細胞が融合した多核細胞である。
より具体的には、モデルマウスとImmortmouseとを交配させて、産仔を取得し、得られた産仔から、筋幹細胞を分離する。分離した筋幹細胞を、33℃、10ng/mLのIFN-γ存在下で培養することにより、不死化の誘導を行う。得られた細胞を、37℃で培養することにより、温度感受性SV40 large T抗原を分解し、不死化筋幹細胞を取得することができる。
本発明のスクリーニング方法で選択された候補物質、すなわち、遊離のMuSKタンパク質量、又は分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量を低下させる物質、あるいは、アセチルコリン受容体(AChR)の凝集を増加させる物質は、本発明の加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防用医薬組成物(治療又は予防剤)の有効成分として用いることができる。
本発明の治療又は予防用医薬組成物の有効成分である、遊離のMuSKタンパク質量、又は分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量を低下させる物質としては、本発明のスクリーニング方法で選択された物質であるか否かを問わず、例えば、受容体型MuSKタンパク質の切断を阻害する物質、分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量を低下させる物質、受容体型MuSKタンパク質に対するプロテアーゼの活性化または発現量の増加を阻害する物質を挙げることができる。
本発明の治療または予防用医薬組成物の有効成分としては、遊離のMuSKタンパク質量、又は分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量を低下させ、且つ、アセチルコリン受容体(AChR)の凝集を増加させる物質であることが好ましい。
ADAMの阻害剤としてはGM6001、TAPI-1{N-(R)-(2-(Hydroxyaminocarbonyl)methyl)-4-Methylpentanoyl-L-Nal-L-Alanine2-Aminoethyl amide(L-Nal:L-3-(2’-Naphthyl)alanine)}、TAPI-2{N-(R)-(2-(Hydroxyaminocarbonyl)methyl)-4-Methylpentanoyl-L-t-Butyl-Glycyl-L-Alanine2-Aminoethyl amide}などを挙げることができる。
これらの経口剤は、例えば、ゼラチン、アルギン酸ナトリウム、澱粉、コーンスターチ、白糖、乳糖、ぶどう糖、マンニット、カルボキシメチルセルロース、デキストリン、ポリビニルピロリドン、結晶セルロース、大豆レシチン、ショ糖、脂肪酸エステル、タルク、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ポリエチレングリコール、ケイ酸マグネシウム、無水ケイ酸、又は合成ケイ酸アルミニウムなどの賦形剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、界面活性剤、滑沢剤、流動性促進剤、希釈剤、保存剤、着色剤、香料、矯味剤、安定化剤、保湿剤、防腐剤、又は酸化防止剤等を用いて、常法に従って製造することができる。
例えば、注射剤の調製においては、有効成分の他に、例えば、生理食塩水若しくはリンゲル液等の水溶性溶剤、植物油若しくは脂肪酸エステル等の非水溶性溶剤、ブドウ糖若しくは塩化ナトリウム等の等張化剤、溶解補助剤、安定化剤、防腐剤、懸濁化剤、又は乳化剤などを任意に用いることができる。
また、本発明の医薬組成物は、徐放性ポリマーなどを用いた徐放性製剤の手法を用いて投与してもよい。例えば、本発明の医薬組成物をエチレンビニル酢酸ポリマーのペレットに取り込ませて、このペレットを治療又は予防すべき組織中に外科的に移植することができる。
本発明の医薬組成物を用いる場合の投与量は、例えば、使用する有効成分の種類、病気の種類、患者の年齢、性別、体重、症状の程度、又は投与方法などに応じて適宜決定することができ、経口的に又は非経口的に投与することが可能である。
また、投与形態も医薬品に限定されるものではなく、種々の形態、例えば、機能性食品や健康食品(飲料を含む)、又は飼料として飲食物の形で与えることも可能である。
本発明のタンパク質である分泌型MuSKタンパク質には、
(a)配列番号2又は配列番号12で表されるアミノ酸配列を含むタンパク質(好ましくは、配列番号2又は配列番号12で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質)、
(b)配列番号2又は配列番号12で表されるアミノ酸配列において1又は数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、もしくは付加されたアミノ酸配列を含み、且つ、分泌型MuSKタンパク質活性を有するタンパク質(以下、機能的等価改変体と称する)、及び
(c)配列番号2又は配列番号12で表されるアミノ酸配列との同一性が80%以上であるアミノ酸配列を含み、且つ、分泌型MuSKタンパク質活性を有するタンパク質(以下、相同ポリペプチドと称する)
が含まれる。
本明細書において、分泌型MuSKタンパク質活性とは、逆行性シグナルとして神経筋シナプスの神経側(前膜)の形成および機能維持を行う活性を意味する。
Gap penalty = 10
Extend penalty = 0.5
Matrix = EBLOSUM62
マウスの培養筋芽細胞株C2C12のmRNA由来のcDNAライブラリーをlambda ZapIIベクター(Stratagene社)に入れて作成した。スクリーニングに使うヒトMuSK cDNA遺伝子のプローブは、ヒト筋肉由来の全RNA(Stratagene社)から、下記プライマー:
5’-GTTCTCCAGAAGGAACTTCGTCCTGC-3’(配列番号5)
5’-CCGTGCAGCGCAGTAAATGCCATCATC-3’(配列番号6)
を使ってRT-PCRで増幅した。
得られたヒトMuSK cDNA遺伝子プローブをアイソトープで標識して、先に作成したcDNAライブラリーからマウスMuSK cDNAを複数単離して遺伝子配列を解析した。単離したMuSK cDNAには、膜結合配列を含むエキソンとチロシンキナーゼをコードする細胞内領域のエキソンを含むマウス受容体型MuSK cDNAの他に、膜結合領域のあるエキソンの一つ前で、スプライシングすることなく翻訳枠がストップコドンで終わるMuSK cDNAクローン(マウス分泌型MuSK cDNA:配列番号3)を得た。
5’-GGATTAATCATGAGAGAGCT-3’(配列番号7)
5’-GTAAATTTCTCTTAACCTCC-3’(配列番号8)
を使ってRT-PCR法で増幅して、ヒト分泌型MuSK cDNA(配列番号1)をクローニングした。
クローニングしたマウス及びヒトの分泌型MuSK遺伝子を発現ベクターpCDNA3.1-myc-hisに挿入して、293T細胞にFugene6(ロシュ)を使って遺伝子導入した。導入後2日目の培養上清を8%のSDSアクリルアミドゲルに泳動したのち、PVDF膜に転写して、一次抗体に抗myc抗体を使い、西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ抗体で標識した二次抗体で検出した(ピアース社)。
ヒト分泌型MuSKタンパク質(配列番号2)は68kDaと66kDaの位置に、マウス分泌型MuSKタンパク質(配列番号4)は58kDaの位置に検出した。
6か月齢のC57BL/6マウスのひらめ筋、同月齢マウスの両側を伸展位でギプス固定して11日後のひらめ筋、同月齢マウスの座骨神経を切断して11日後のひらめ筋、29か月齢の高齢マウスのひらめ筋を、それぞれ採取してmRNAを抽出精製した。分泌型MuSKと受容体型MuSKのmRNAの比較定量をTaqman法(ABI社)を使いリアルタイムPCRで行った。
5’側配列:5’-TGCACAAGACTGCCATATTTAGGT-3’(配列番号9)
を使用し、
3’側配列:5’-CGTTCCTTGACTGGAAACAGTAA-3’(配列番号10)
のTaqmanプローブを使った(カスタムオーダー、ABI社)。
受容体型MuSKの細胞外ドメインは4番目と5番目の間のエキソンを挟むTaqmanプローブ(Mm00448006_m1,ABI社)および受容体型細胞内領域の13番目と14番目のエキソンを挟むTaqmanプライマー(Mm01346926_m1)を用いた。
測定対象マウスとして、8か月齢(コントロール)マウス、20か月齢、27か月齢、32か月齢の各加齢マウス(C57BL/6)、座骨神経を切断して11日後の6か月齢マウス(A/WySnJ)を用意し、各血清試料(10%血清)を以下の測定に使用した。
測定対象者として、2012年9月から2013年10月までに東京都健康長寿医療センター研究所と協力病院の倫理委員会の承認を得て、文書によるインフォームドコンセントを取得した後、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)患者8名(男性4名、女性4名、32才~78才)と抗アセチルコリン(AChR)抗体陽性重症筋無力症(MG)患者3名(男性2名、女性1名、23~79才)から採血を行った。
測定対象マウスとして、野生型マウス(C57BL/6)と、ALS発症モデルマウス(G93A-SOD1)とを用意し、4週齢、6週齢、8週齢、10週齢(以上、発症前)、14週齢(発症初期)、18週齢(発症末期)、死亡時の各血清試料(5%血清)を、実施例4に記載の手順に従って測定した。結果を図4、図5に示す。
野生型マウスでは、血清中の遊離のMuSKタンパク質量に変化は認められなかったが、ALS発症モデルマウスでは、発症前から血清中の遊離のMuSKタンパク質量の上昇が認められ、病気の進行に従って、更なる上昇が認められた。なお、前記モデルマウスは発症から死に至る経過が非常に早く、ヒトにおける発症末期(すなわち、重度の筋萎縮を示す状態)を迎える前に死亡することから、実施例5におけるヒトALS患者の結果と矛盾するものではないと考える。
測定対象マウスとして、野生型マウス(C57BL/6)とMG発症モデルマウス(EAMG)とを用意し、6~8か月齢の各血清試料(5%血清)を、実施例4に記載の手順に従って測定した。結果を図6に示す。
MG発症モデルマウスでは、発症に伴い、血清中の遊離のMuSKタンパク質量の上昇が認められた。
18~24週齢のALS発症モデルマウス(G93A-SOD1)から血清を採取し、その血清7.7mLを用いて硫安分画(80%飽和)を行い、上清6.5mLを取得した。遠心式フィルターユニット(アミコン(登録商標)ウルトラ、10KDaフィルター;メルクミリポア)を用いて1.2mLまで濃縮した後、実施例4で作成したマウスモノクローナル抗体(RM-24、MH-30)を用いて免疫沈降を行った。得られた沈殿(以下、免疫沈降物と称する)をSDS緩衝液15μLに溶解し、その全量(15μL)をウエスタンブロッティング(ウサギ抗マウスMuSKモノクローナル抗体No.2-6)で分析した。
比較のために、実施例4で使用した、マウス由来のリコンビナントMuSK細胞外ドメインの分泌タンパク質(リコンビナント マウスMuSKタンパク質、100ng)を同時にウエスタンブロッティングに使用した。
結果を図7に示す。図7において、レーン1は、マウス由来リコンビナントMuSK細胞外ドメインの分泌タンパク質の免疫沈降物(100ng)であり、レーン2は、ALS発症マウス血清の免疫沈降物であり、レーン3は、マウス由来リコンビナントMuSK細胞外ドメインの分泌タンパク質(100ng)である。
マウスの培養筋芽細胞株C2C12を10cmシャーレ8枚に播種し、10%ウシ胎児血清(FCS)含有DMEM培地にて3日間前培養した。培地を、分化培地(2.5%ウマ血清(HS)含有DMEM培地)に置き換え、筋管細胞への分化誘導の開始後1日目、2日目、3日目、5日目に新鮮な培地に置き換えることにより、各培養上清を回収した。
回収した培養上清300mLを硫安分画(80%飽和)にかけ、上清30mLを取得した。得られた上清を抗マウスMuSK抗体カラムにかけて精製し、最後に遠心式フィルターユニット(アミコン(登録商標)ウルトラ、10KDaフィルター;メルクミリポア)を用いて濃縮した。
マウスの培養筋芽細胞株C2C12をシャーレに播種し、10%FCS含有DMEM培地にて3日間前培養した後、培地を分化培地(2.5%HS含有DMEM培地)に置き換え、ADAM(a disintegrin and metalloproteinase)阻害剤GM6001(Calbiochem,#364206)を所定量添加した後、更に22時間培養した。培養後、実施例4に記載の手順に従って、培養上清中の遊離のMuSKタンパク質量を測定した。
DMSOで溶解したGM6001を分化培地(2.5%HS含有DMEM培地)で希釈調製し、24-wellプレートで3日間分化させたマウスC2C12筋管細胞に0.4ml/wellずつ添加して培養した。22時間後に培養上清を回収し、40nM Alexa488標識alpha-ブンガロトキシン含有分化培地で1時間培養してAChR凝集を染色した。
以上、本発明を特定の態様に沿って説明したが、当業者に自明の変形や改良は本発明の範囲に含まれる。
Claims (23)
- 被験者由来の試料中の分泌型MuSKタンパク質又はmRNAを測定する、加齢または筋萎縮の状態を把握する方法。
- 前記の分泌型MuSKタンパク質が、遊離の状態で存在するMuSKタンパク質である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 遊離の状態で存在するMuSKタンパク質が、非受容体型MuSKタンパク質、及び/又は、切断型MuSKタンパク質である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 分泌型MuSKのmRNAを測定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 加齢または筋萎縮の状態の把握が、加齢の程度の判定、筋萎縮の早期診断、又は重度の筋萎縮の検出である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 分泌型MuSKタンパク質又はmRNAからなる、加齢または筋萎縮の状態を把握するためのバイオマーカー。
- 前記の分泌型MuSKタンパク質が、遊離の状態で存在するMuSKタンパク質である、請求項6に記載のバイオマーカー。
- 遊離の状態で存在するMuSKタンパク質が、非受容体型MuSKタンパク質、及び/又は、切断型MuSKタンパク質である、請求項7に記載のバイオマーカー。
- 分泌型MuSKのmRNAからなる、請求項6に記載のバイオマーカー。
- 加齢または筋萎縮の状態の把握が、加齢の程度の判定、筋萎縮の早期診断、又は重度の筋萎縮の検出である、請求項6~9のいずれか一項に記載のバイオマーカー。
- 治療患者由来の試料中の分泌型MuSKタンパク質又はmRNAを測定する、加齢または筋萎縮に対する治療または予防効果の有効性を判定する方法。
- 加齢または筋萎縮モデル動物、又はその細胞株に試験物質を投与する工程、
前記モデル動物由来の試料中、又は前記細胞株の培養上清中の遊離の状態で存在するMuSKタンパク質又はmRNAを測定する工程、
を含む、加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防剤のスクリーニング方法。 - 加齢または筋萎縮モデル動物、又はその細胞株に試験物質を投与する工程、
前記細胞株におけるアセチルコリン受容体の凝集を分析する工程、
を含む、加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防剤のスクリーニング方法。 - 加齢または筋萎縮モデル動物、又はその細胞株を含む、加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防剤のスクリーニングキット。
- 遊離のMuSKタンパク質量、もしくは分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量を低下させる物質、又はアセチルコリン受容体の凝集を増加させる物質を有効成分として含む、加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防剤。
- 前記有効成分が、遊離のMuSKタンパク質量、もしくは分泌型MuSKのmRNA発現量を低下させ、且つ、アセチルコリン受容体の凝集を増加させる物質である、請求項15に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 前記有効成分が、受容体型MuSKタンパク質の切断を阻害する物質、又は受容体型MuSKタンパク質に対するプロテアーゼの活性化もしくはプロテアーゼの発現量増加を阻害する物質である、請求項15又は16に記載の加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防剤。
- 前記有効成分がADAM阻害剤である、請求項17に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 以下の(a)~(c)から選択されるタンパク質:
(a)配列番号2又は配列番号12で表されるアミノ酸配列を含むタンパク質、
(b)配列番号2又は配列番号12で表されるアミノ酸配列において1又は数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、もしくは付加されたアミノ酸配列を含み、且つ、分泌型MuSKタンパク質活性を有するタンパク質、及び
(c)配列番号2又は配列番号12で表されるアミノ酸配列との同一性が80%以上であるアミノ酸配列を含み、且つ、分泌型MuSKタンパク質活性を有するタンパク質。 - 請求項19に記載のタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項20に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含むベクター。
- 請求項21に記載のベクターで形質転換された細胞。
- 請求項22に記載の細胞を含む、加齢または筋萎縮の治療または予防剤のスクリーニングキット。
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2015
- 2015-04-03 WO PCT/JP2015/060671 patent/WO2015152413A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-04-03 EP EP15772611.8A patent/EP3128326B1/en active Active
- 2015-04-03 US US15/301,212 patent/US20170306400A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2021511497A (ja) * | 2018-01-17 | 2021-05-06 | ユニヴァーシティ・オブ・サウザンプトンUniversity Of Southampton | サルコペニア及びnad欠乏のリスクの予測及び階層化の方法 |
JP7294756B2 (ja) | 2018-01-17 | 2023-06-20 | ユニヴァーシティ・オブ・サウザンプトン | サルコペニア及びnad欠乏のリスクの予測及び階層化の方法 |
WO2020184660A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-13 | 2020-09-17 | 味の素株式会社 | サルコペニアの評価方法、算出方法、評価装置、算出装置、評価プログラム、算出プログラム、記録媒体、評価システム、及び端末装置 |
JP7489067B2 (ja) | 2019-03-13 | 2024-05-23 | 味の素株式会社 | 取得方法、算出方法、評価装置、算出装置、評価プログラム、算出プログラム、記録媒体、評価システム、及び端末装置 |
WO2024210185A1 (ja) * | 2023-04-07 | 2024-10-10 | 学校法人京都産業大学 | サルコペニアのバイオマーカー及びその用途 |
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JP6240919B2 (ja) | 2017-12-06 |
JPWO2015152413A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
EP3128326B1 (en) | 2018-03-14 |
EP3128326A4 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
EP3128326A1 (en) | 2017-02-08 |
ES2665849T3 (es) | 2018-04-27 |
US20170306400A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
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