WO2015152144A1 - 脂質の分画方法 - Google Patents
脂質の分画方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015152144A1 WO2015152144A1 PCT/JP2015/059895 JP2015059895W WO2015152144A1 WO 2015152144 A1 WO2015152144 A1 WO 2015152144A1 JP 2015059895 W JP2015059895 W JP 2015059895W WO 2015152144 A1 WO2015152144 A1 WO 2015152144A1
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- Prior art keywords
- lipids
- extraction
- lipid
- solvent
- microbial biomass
- Prior art date
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- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 241001491670 Labyrinthula Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000195628 Chlorophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000168525 Haematococcus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001306132 Aurantiochytrium Species 0.000 claims description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 18
- MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCC(O)=O MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 235000020669 docosahexaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N Astaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC1(C)C)/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC2(C)C JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N astaxanthin Chemical compound C([C@H](O)C(=O)C=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C(=O)[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229940022405 astaxanthin Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 235000013793 astaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000001168 astaxanthin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 8
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 241000003595 Aurantiochytrium limacinum Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000168517 Haematococcus lacustris Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N arachidonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 lipid fatty acid Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000199912 Crypthecodinium cohnii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010011732 Cyst Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000235575 Mortierella Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000907999 Mortierella alpina Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000223252 Rhodotorula Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000233671 Schizochytrium Species 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000233675 Thraustochytrium Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001491678 Ulkenia Species 0.000 description 2
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 208000031513 cyst Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940090949 docosahexaenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000006455 gy-medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YUFFSWGQGVEMMI-JLNKQSITSA-N (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCC(O)=O YUFFSWGQGVEMMI-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000199913 Crypthecodinium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021294 Docosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000948838 Haliphthoros Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000003482 Japonochytrium Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000228143 Penicillium Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000180577 Sambucus australis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018734 Sambucus australis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021342 arachidonic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940114079 arachidonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N batilol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(O)CO OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020673 eicosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005135 eicosapentaenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N eicosapentaenoic acid Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013350 formula milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCCETWTMQHEPK-QNEBEIHSSA-N gamma-linolenic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O VZCCETWTMQHEPK-QNEBEIHSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012533 medium component Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003815 supercritical carbon dioxide extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B7/00—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils
- C11B7/0008—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils by differences of solubilities, e.g. by extraction, by separation from a solution by means of anti-solvents
- C11B7/005—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils by differences of solubilities, e.g. by extraction, by separation from a solution by means of anti-solvents in solvents used at superatmospheric pressures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
- C11B1/104—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting using super critical gases or vapours
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B7/00—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils
- C11B7/0008—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils by differences of solubilities, e.g. by extraction, by separation from a solution by means of anti-solvents
- C11B7/0025—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils by differences of solubilities, e.g. by extraction, by separation from a solution by means of anti-solvents in solvents containing oxygen in their molecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6409—Fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
- C12P7/6445—Glycerides
- C12P7/6472—Glycerides containing polyunsaturated fatty acid [PUFA] residues, i.e. having two or more double bonds in their backbone
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for fractionating lipids from microbial biomass, and more particularly to a method for fractionating lipids by utilizing the separation selectivity in lipid extraction of liquefied dimethyl ether.
- lipids from microbial biomass various extraction techniques such as solvent extraction using an organic solvent such as hexane and extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide have been conventionally known and widely used.
- microorganisms such as the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii , Labyrinthula Aurantiochytrium limacinum (also called Schizochytrium limacinum ), and the filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina are known to produce useful highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing lipids such as docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid. .
- Lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids produced by these microorganisms are practically produced by a plurality of companies, and are widely used for addition to infant formula and for blending into foods.
- a method of extracting from cells by a solvent extraction method using an organic solvent such as hexane is known (Non-patent Document 1).
- the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis a kind of microalgae, is known to accumulate high concentrations of astaxanthin in dormant cells (cyst cells) by controlling the culture conditions.
- solvent extraction using an organic solvent such as acetone Patent Document 1
- supercritical carbon dioxide extraction Non-Patent Document 2
- a method that has attracted attention in recent years is an extraction method using liquefied dimethyl ether (hereinafter also referred to as DME) as a solvent.
- DME liquefied dimethyl ether
- This method is characterized in that it does not require drying of biomass, does not require cell disruption, and does not require removal of the organic solvent used for extraction (Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- the extraction method using liquefied dimethyl ether does not require heating, such as drying of the raw material or removal of the solvent from the extract. And high quality lipids can be produced. Further, by omitting the energy required for drying, crushing, and solvent removal, it is possible to produce lipid at a lower energy cost.
- the extraction method using liquefied dimethyl ether of Patent Document 2 as a solvent is a technique for extracting all oil components that can be extracted from the target material.
- the present inventors have come up with the idea that extraction using this liquefied DME can be used for lipid fractionation, and have found the present invention. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a lipid fractionation method using liquefied DME as a solvent.
- the present inventors performed extraction using liquefied dimethyl ether, which had not been known for separation selectivity for lipids, as a solvent for microbial biomass, and fractionated the extract over time.
- the present invention was completed by discovering that the fatty acid composition was changed over time. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a new method for fractionating lipids from microbial biomass.
- the gist of the present invention is the method described in the following (1) to (7). (1) A method in which microbial biomass is subjected to extraction using liquefied dimethyl ether as a solvent, and lipids are fractionated using separation selectivity for lipids.
- the microbial biomass is subjected to extraction using liquefied dimethyl ether as a solvent, and the lipid fatty acid composition remaining in the microbial biomass is modified by fractionating some lipids using separation selectivity for lipids.
- Method. (3) A method for producing a lipid, further comprising extracting the lipid having a modified fatty acid composition from the microbial biomass having the modified fatty acid composition obtained by the method of (2).
- the Labyrinthula is a Labyrinthula belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium .
- the microbial biomass is biomass obtained by culturing microorganisms belonging to green algae.
- the green algae is a green algae belonging to the genus Haematococcus .
- the present invention can provide a novel method for fractionating lipids from microbial biomass using liquefied DME as a solvent.
- a lipid containing a large amount of saturated fatty acid and a lipid containing a large amount of highly unsaturated fatty acid can be separated only by fractionation using liquefied DME.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of an apparatus used in the present invention.
- the present invention is to fractionate lipids by utilizing the difference in selectivity of liquefied DME with respect to lipids when taking out lipids contained in the cells of microbial biomass. Since the boiling point of liquefied DME (IUPAC name: methoxymethane) used in the present invention is ⁇ 23.6 ° C., it is a gas at room temperature. What made this liquid is used as a solvent of the present invention. In order to liquefy DME, the pressure can be appropriately adjusted within a range of 0.25 to 1.14 MPa and a temperature of about 0 to 50 ° C.
- the microorganism is a microorganism that produces lipid in the microbial cell.
- Seco ium Cerpthecodinium
- Thraustochytrium Thraustochytrium
- Schizochytrium Schizochytrium
- Ulkenia Ulkenia
- Japo eaves thorium Japonochytrium
- Harifutorosu Haliphthoros
- Mortierella Metierella
- Penishiryumu Penicillium
- Aspergillus Aspergillus
- Rhodotorula Rhodotorula
- Rhodotorula Rhodotorula
- lipids are lipids produced by microorganisms, and are mainly triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, phospholipids, free fatty acids, sterols, hydrocarbons and the like. Furthermore, components such as pigments contained in lipids produced by microorganisms such as carotenoids such as astaxanthin can be fractionated together with lipids.
- Fatty acids bound to lipids differ in composition depending on the microorganism, but usually contain fatty acids having 12 to 24 carbon atoms and 0 to 6 double bonds in various ratios.
- Fatty acids that are physiologically active and useful are highly unsaturated fatty acids, and highly unsaturated fatty acids are fatty acids having 18 or more carbon atoms and 3 or more double bonds, more preferably 20 or more carbon atoms, It is a fatty acid having 3 or more bonds.
- ⁇ -linolenic acid (18: 3, n-3), ⁇ -linolenic acid (18: 3, n-6), arachidonic acid (20: 4, n-6), dihomo- ⁇ -linolene Acid (20: 3, n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (20: 5, n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (22: 5, n-6), docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6, n-3), etc.
- These fatty acids are bound to lipids in microbial cells as constituent fatty acids such as triglycerides and phospholipids.
- liquefied DME has selectivity when eluting lipids from microbial cells. Lipids containing saturated fatty acids are eluted earlier, and lipids containing highly unsaturated fatty acids are eluted later. Using this difference, it is possible to increase the concentration of highly unsaturated fatty acids contained in the total fatty acids. The same can be achieved by repeating extraction with a small amount of liquefied DME in a batch process without using a column. In addition, any device that exhibits the same effect may be used.
- the fatty acid composition of the extracted neutral lipid is neutral in microbial biomass. It is basically the same as the fatty acid composition of lipids. If the polyunsaturated fatty acid in the extracted lipid is concentrated, a separate purification step is performed after the extraction.
- Known purification methods for modifying the fatty acid composition include urea addition, wintering, precision distillation, lipase concentration, etc., all based on differences in fatty acid properties such as molecular weight and number of unsaturated bonds. It is a method of modifying the composition. According to the method of the present invention, a certain concentration can be achieved in the extraction stage from microbial cells. After performing the separation of the present invention, it is also possible to use a conventional purification method as described above.
- unnecessary fatty acids such as saturated fatty acids can be selectively extracted from microbial cells by liquefied DME, and then all remaining lipids can be extracted with hexane or the like.
- Dye contained in lipids such as astaxanthin is concentrated together with lipids containing a large amount of it by fractionating with liquefied DME, and can be used as a concentrated dye as it is, or, further, extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide, etc. It can also be purified by applying a method for purifying astaxanthin.
- FIG. 1 The configuration of the extraction apparatus used in the examples is shown in FIG.
- the extraction column and the storage container consist of a pressure vessel using glass and polycarbonate. Liquid dimethyl ether is fed from a dimethyl ether tank to an extraction column filled with microbial cells, and the extract from the extraction column is collected in a storage container. After performing the extraction for a predetermined time, the decompression valve of the storage container is opened to vaporize and remove dimethyl ether, and the remaining extract and water mixture is recovered.
- the collected cells were freeze-dried to obtain microbial biomass.
- the obtained microbial biomass was stored in a -20 ° C. freezer until extraction.
- a sample obtained by adding 1.263 g of distilled water to 0.33 g of lyophilized microbial biomass and stirring well was extracted while fractionating using the extractor of FIG. At that time, the flow rate of liquefied dimethyl ether was set to 5 mL / min.
- the temperature of the extraction column was set to 20 ° C. and the pressure was 0.51 MPa.
- the purpose of adding distilled water to the microbial biomass to make it hydrated is to reproduce a state close to the cells recovered from the culture solution. During this time, no operation aimed at disrupting the cells was performed.
- the extract was fractionated every time listed in Table 1.
- Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared from the oils thus obtained and subjected to fatty acid composition analysis by gas chromatography.
- gas chromatograph Agilent Technologies 7890A GC System
- column J & W DB-WAX (inner diameter 0.25mm x length 30m, film thickness 0.25 ⁇ m)
- column temperature temperature (temperature rise condition) is 140 °C ⁇ 240 °C ( 4 ° C./min), held at 240 ° C. for 10 minutes, and analyzed under the conditions of carrier gas He (1.05 ml / min).
- Table 2 The results are shown in Table 2.
- the fatty acid composition of DHA of the oils of fraction numbers 3, 4, and 5 in Table 2 showed a higher value than the fatty acid composition of DHA when the oils of all the fractions of this example were totaled. Therefore, it has been clarified that the extraction method using liquefied dimethyl ether as a solvent is a method capable of fractionation that increases the proportion of lipids containing DHA.
- Example 1 Method of obtaining microbial oil with concentrated DHA concentration by selective extraction using dimethyl ether From the result of Example 1, C16: 0 and the like are selectively extracted and removed from the microbial biomass, and DHA and the like remain in the biomass. It was thought that it could be.
- the microbial biomass used in Example 1 contained the oils listed in the “raw material” column of Table 3. Only extraction up to fraction number 2 in Table 2 is performed on this biomass. If it does so, the fats and oils of the composition shown in "biomass after extraction” of Table 3 remain in biomass in calculation.
- Table 4 shows the amount of oil obtained by performing the same operation as in Example 1, and Table 5 shows the results of subjecting these oils to fatty acid composition analysis.
- the results showed that the fatty acid composition of each oil was greatly different, and as in Example 1, it was revealed that the extraction method using liquefied dimethyl ether as a solvent has separation selectivity for lipids. From the results of Example 1 and the present example, it became clear that the method of fractionating lipids using the separation selectivity for lipids using liquefied dimethyl ether as a solvent can be used without depending on the type of microorganism.
- Example 3 The weight of astaxanthin in each oil obtained in Example 3 was measured by HPLC.
- the results are shown in Table 6.
- the visual color tone of each oil is also shown in Table 6.
- Haematococcus pluvialis is a microalga belonging to green algae, and contains chlorophyll (green), a fat-soluble pigment, as a photosynthetic pigment.
- chlorophyll green
- astaxanthin reddish orange
- liquefied dimethyl ether has separation selectivity for these fat-soluble dyes.
- lipids are extracted from microbial biomass containing useful highly unsaturated fatty acids, and at the same time, lipids rich in saturated fatty acids and lipids rich in highly unsaturated fatty acids can be fractionated.
- a method of using liquefied dimethyl ether not as an extraction solvent but as a solvent for extraction while fractionating is provided.
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Abstract
Description
本発明者らは、この液化DMEを用いる抽出を脂質分画に用いることができないかと思い至り、本発明を見出した。すなわち、本願発明は、液化DMEを溶媒として用いる脂質の分画方法を提供することを課題とする。
本発明は以下の(1)から(7)に記載の方法を要旨とする。
(1)微生物バイオマスを、液化ジメチルエーテルを溶媒として用いた抽出に供し、脂質に対する分離選択性を利用して脂質を分画する方法。
(2)微生物バイオマスを、液化ジメチルエーテルを溶媒として用いた抽出に供し、脂質に対する分離選択性を利用して一部の脂質を分画することにより、微生物バイオマス中に残る脂質の脂肪酸組成を改変する方法。
(3)さらに、(2)の方法で得た脂肪酸組成が改変された微生物バイオマスから、脂肪酸組成が改変された脂質を抽出することを特徴とする、脂質を製造する方法。
(4)微生物バイオマスがラビリンチュラ類に属する微生物を培養して得られるバイオマスであることを特徴とする(1)ないし(3)いずれかに記載の方法。
(5)ラビリンチュラ類がAurantiochytrium属のラビリンチュラ類である、(4)の方法。
(6)微生物バイオマスが緑藻類に属する微生物を培養して得られるバイオマスであることを特徴とする(1)ないし(3)いずれかに記載の方法。
(7)緑藻類がHaematococcus属の緑藻類である、(6)の方法。
本発明で用いる液化DME(IUPAC名:メトキシメタン)は、沸点が-23.6℃であるため、常温では気体である。これを液体としたものを本発明の溶媒として用いる。DMEを液化するには、圧力0.25~1.14MPa、温度0~50℃程度の範囲で適宜調節することができる。
本発明において、脂質とは、微生物が生産する脂質であり、主にトリグリセリド、ジグリセリド、モノグリセリド、リン脂質、遊離脂肪酸、ステロール類、炭化水素等である。さらにアスタキサンチン等のカロテノイドのような、微生物が生産する脂質に含まれる色素などの成分も脂質とともに分画することができる。
微生物菌体中の脂質には、これらの脂肪酸がトリグリセリドやリン脂質などの構成脂肪酸として結合している。
飽和脂肪酸を含有する脂質を早く溶出し、高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する脂質は遅れて溶出される。この差を利用し、全脂肪酸中に含まれる高度不飽和脂肪酸の濃度を高めることが可能である。カラムを用いず、バッチ処理で、少量の液化DMEでの抽出を繰り返すことでも同様のことが可能である。その他、同様の効果を発揮するどのような装置を用いてもよい。
本発明の方法により、微生物菌体からの抽出段階で、一定の濃縮が可能となる。本発明の分離を行った後で、さらに上記のような従来の精製方法を用いることも可能である。
実施例で用いた抽出装置の構成を図1に示す。微生物を充填する抽出カラム(HPG-10-5、耐圧硝子工業株式会社製、180mm×26mm(内径))の出口側と貯蔵容器(HPG-96-3、耐圧硝子工業株式会社製、容量96cm3)をステンレスチューブで接続する。抽出カラムと貯蔵容器はガラス及びポリカーボネートを用いた耐圧容器から成る。ジメチルエーテルタンクから液化ジメチルエーテルを微生物菌体を充填した抽出カラムに送液し、抽出カラムからの抽出液は、貯蔵容器内に回収する。抽出を所定時間行った後、貯蔵容器の減圧バルブを開放してジメチルエーテルを気化させて除去し、残った抽出物と水の混合物を回収する。
ラビリンチュラ類に属する微生物Aurantiochytrium limacinumの種菌をGY培地(30g グルコース、10g 酵母エキスを50%濃度の人工海水 1Lに溶解し、pH7.0に調整したもの)にて培養した。培養には50mLの三角フラスコを用い、これに30mLのGY培地を入れ、100rpmで振盪しながら28℃で3日間培養した。この培養液から遠心分離により菌体を回収し、回収した菌体を蒸留水で洗浄して培地成分を除去したのち、さらに遠心分離により菌体を回収した。回収した菌体を凍結乾燥に供して微生物バイオマスを得た。得られた微生物バイオマスは、抽出に供するまで-20℃の冷凍庫にて保管した。
凍結乾燥した微生物バイオマス0.33gに蒸留水1.263gを添加して良く撹拌したサンプルを、図1の抽出装置を用いて分画しながら抽出した。その際、液化ジメチルエーテルの流量を5mL/minに設定した。抽出カラムの温度は20℃に設定し、圧力は0.51MPaだった。なお、微生物バイオマスに蒸留水を添加し含水状態としたのは、培養液から回収した菌体に近い状態の再現を目的としている。この間、細胞の破砕を目的とした操作は行っていない。
抽出液は、表1に記載の時間ごとに分画した。液化ジメチルエーテルを流すことによって得た各フラクションを常温、常圧に戻すことでジメチルエーテルを気化させ、各フラクション中の抽出物からジメチルエーテルを除去した。さらに、乾燥した気体(本実施例ではジメチルエーテルを使用)を抽出物と十分接触させることにより各フラクション中の抽出物から水分を除去し、表1に記載の量のオイルを得た。
表2のフラクション番号1および2のオイルでは、脂肪酸組成におけるパルミチン酸(C16:0)の値が約80%と極めて高かった。これは、本実施例の全てのフラクションのオイルを合計した場合のパルミチン酸の脂肪酸組成よりも高い値だった。したがい、液化ジメチルエーテルを溶媒とした抽出方法は、バイオ燃料として期待されるパルミチン酸を含有する脂質の割合を高める分画が可能な方法であることが明らかになった。
また、表2のフラクション番号3、4、5のオイルのDHAの脂肪酸組成は、本実施例の全てのフラクションのオイルを合計した場合のDHAの脂肪酸組成よりも高い値を示していた。したがい、液化ジメチルエーテルを溶媒とした抽出方法は、DHAを含有する脂質の割合を高める分画が可能な方法であることが明らかになった。
実施例1の結果より、微生物バイオマスから、C16:0などを選択的に抽出除去し、バイオマスにDHAなどを残留させることができることが考えられた。
実施例1で用いた微生物バイオマスには、表3の「原料」の欄に記載したオイルが含まれていた。このバイオマスに対して、表2のフラクション番号2までの抽出だけを行う。そうすると、計算上、バイオマス中には、表3の「抽出後バイオマス」に示した組成の油脂が残る。
表3に示すように、液化ジメチルエーテルを溶媒とした抽出方法によりパルミチン酸を含有する脂質の割合が高い脂質を抽出することにより、微生物バイオマス中の他の脂肪酸、例えばDHAを含有する脂質の割合を高めることが可能であることがわかる。
この微生物バイオマスをさらに抽出の原料として用い、ヘキサンのような脂質に対する分離選択性が低い溶媒で抽出することにより、DHAを含有する脂質の割合を高めた脂質を効率よく抽出することができる。
バイオジェニック株式会社から購入したヘマトコッカス藻乾燥バイオマス(Haematococcus pluvialis、BM070828、未破砕品)を微生物バイオマスとして抽出に供した。微生物バイオマス0.403gに蒸留水2.317gを添加して良く撹拌したサンプルを、図1の抽出装置を用いた抽出に供した。その際、液化ジメチルエーテルの流量を10mL/minに設定した。抽出カラムの温度は20℃に設定し、圧力は0.51MPaだった。この間、細胞の破砕を目的とした操作は行っていない。実施例1と同様の操作を行って得たオイルの量を表4に、またこれらオイルを脂肪酸組成分析に供した結果を表5に示す。各オイルの脂肪酸組成が大きく異なる結果が得られ、実施例1と同様、液化ジメチルエーテルを溶媒とした抽出方法は脂質に対する分離選択性を有することが明らかになった。
実施例1及び本実施例の結果から、液化ジメチルエーテルを溶媒とした脂質に対する分離選択性を利用して脂質を分画する方法は、微生物の種類に依存することなく利用できることが明らかになった。
Claims (7)
- 微生物バイオマスを、液化ジメチルエーテルを溶媒として用いた抽出に供し、脂質に対する分離選択性を利用して脂質を分画する方法。
- 微生物バイオマスを、液化ジメチルエーテルを溶媒として用いた抽出に供し、脂質に対する分離選択性を利用して一部の脂質を分画することにより、微生物バイオマス中に残る脂質の脂肪酸組成を改変する方法。
- さらに、請求項2の方法で得た脂肪酸組成が改変された微生物バイオマスから、脂肪酸組成が改変された脂質を抽出することを特徴とする、脂質を製造する方法。
- 微生物バイオマスがラビリンチュラ類に属する微生物を培養して得られるバイオマスであることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3いずれかに記載の方法。
- ラビリンチュラ類がAurantiochytrium属のラビリンチュラ類である、請求項4の方法。
- 微生物バイオマスが緑藻類に属する微生物を培養して得られるバイオマスであることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3いずれかに記載の方法。
- 緑藻類がHaematococcus属の緑藻類である、請求項6の方法。
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