WO2015149208A1 - 一种转向电机 - Google Patents

一种转向电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015149208A1
WO2015149208A1 PCT/CN2014/074347 CN2014074347W WO2015149208A1 WO 2015149208 A1 WO2015149208 A1 WO 2015149208A1 CN 2014074347 W CN2014074347 W CN 2014074347W WO 2015149208 A1 WO2015149208 A1 WO 2015149208A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
cavity
wall
steering motor
valve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/074347
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
龚蜀刚
Original Assignee
深圳市智行单轴双轮驱动技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市智行单轴双轮驱动技术有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市智行单轴双轮驱动技术有限公司
Priority to US15/300,590 priority Critical patent/US10177622B2/en
Priority to KR1020167028453A priority patent/KR102128147B1/ko
Priority to CN201480076953.4A priority patent/CN106233588B/zh
Priority to EP14888260.8A priority patent/EP3128655B1/en
Priority to PL14888260T priority patent/PL3128655T3/pl
Priority to JP2016560008A priority patent/JP6386079B2/ja
Priority to ES14888260T priority patent/ES2751476T3/es
Priority to PCT/CN2014/074347 priority patent/WO2015149208A1/zh
Publication of WO2015149208A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015149208A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/24—Casings; Enclosures; Supports specially adapted for suppression or reduction of noise or vibrations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B62D5/0403—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by constructional features, e.g. common housing for motor and gear box
    • B62D5/0406—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by constructional features, e.g. common housing for motor and gear box including housing for electronic control unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B62D5/0418—Electric motor acting on road wheel carriers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
    • B62D7/02—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for pivoted bogies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
    • B62D7/22—Arrangements for reducing or eliminating reaction, e.g. vibration, from parts, e.g. wheels, of the steering system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/173—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings
    • H02K5/1732—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2205/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to casings, enclosures, supports
    • H02K2205/03—Machines characterised by thrust bearings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of motor structures, and more particularly to a steering motor.
  • the steering system of the automobile has also been rapidly improved, and the electric power steering system is the development direction of the automobile steering system.
  • the system provides steering assistance directly from the steering motor, eliminating some of the components necessary in traditional hydraulic power steering systems, saving energy and protecting the environment.
  • the system is easy to adjust, flexible to assemble, and in a variety of situations.
  • the steering assist can be provided underneath.
  • the torque sensor detects the steering of the steering wheel and the magnitude of the torque, and sends the voltage signal to the electronic control unit.
  • the electronic control unit detects the torque voltage signal and the direction of rotation according to the torque sensor. And the vehicle speed signal, etc., an instruction is given to the steering motor controller to cause the steering motor to output a steering assist torque of a corresponding magnitude and direction to generate auxiliary power; when the vehicle is not turning, the electronic control unit does not issue an instruction to the motor controller, the motor Not working.
  • a shock absorption system is arranged inside the steering motor, which is usually adopted in the traditional shock absorption system.
  • the carbon brush and the collector ring when the steering motor is subjected to vibration, the shock absorbing system starts to work and continuously buffers the vibration, so that the carbon brush and the collector ring are continuously rubbed, thereby causing wear and tear due to friction, and It is also sensitive to temperature and is easily damaged by temperature difference, which seriously affects the stability and life of the steering motor.
  • oil passages are often provided in the steering motor, such as oil passages for damping oil supply, oil passages for brake oil supply, oil passages for lifting oil supply, etc., but these oil passages are It is designed separately and separately, so that the oil passages are separated from each other, which causes the oil passage to occupy too much space for the steering motor, which complicates the structure of the steering motor, which wastes resources and increases production cost.
  • the technical solution provided by the present invention is a steering motor comprising a casing having a cavity, a stator disposed in a cavity of the casing, and a cavity formed between an outer wall of the stator and an inner wall of the casing room;
  • the steering motor further includes an upper cover buffer assembly and a oil separation plate, the oil separation plate is disposed under the upper cover buffer assembly, and is covered with the upper cover buffer assembly to form an axial cavity;
  • An oil cylinder assembly is disposed under the oil separation plate, the oil cylinder assembly includes an oil cylinder open at both ends, and an elastic oil bladder is disposed in the oil cylinder and has an opening at an upper end thereof, and an upper end of the elastic oil bladder and the oil cylinder
  • the inner wall is fixedly connected and communicates with the axial cavity, and the cylinder is further provided with a piston sliding along the axial direction of the cylinder, and the piston is connected to the lower end of the elastic oil bladder;
  • the oil separation disc is provided with an oil passage arranged in a radial direction and communicating with the axial cavity, and the oil separation disc is provided with an oil inlet port, and the oil separation disc extends upward and downward respectively a hollow column having an inner cavity arranged in the axial direction, the inner wall of the hollow column is provided with a oil passage connecting the oil passage;
  • the inner side of the hollow column is provided with a reversing valve having a valve core, the inner side wall of the hollow column and the outer wall of the reversing valve form a first radial cavity, and the first radial cavity is embedded with a pin
  • the first radial cavity is separated by the pin to form mutually independent oil inlet oil inlet cavity and oil separation plate oil discharge cavity, and the oil inlet oil inlet cavity is connected with the oil inlet port
  • the oil discharge oil cavity of the oil separation plate is in communication with the axial cavity;
  • a circular through hole is defined in a center of the valve core, and a plurality of split ring grooves are disposed in the outer wall ring of the valve core, and an O-ring is embedded in the open ring groove;
  • the upper part of the side wall of the valve cavity is provided with a reversing valve oil passage arranged radially in the radial direction, and the oil passage of the reversing valve is disposed below the axial direction of the oil passage;
  • the outer wall of the upper end of the valve core is provided with a semi-circular oil passage groove having a semicircular cross section, and the oil passage ring communicates with the oil inlet oil inlet cavity and the oil discharge oil outlet cavity;
  • An outer wall of the lower end of the valve core and a lower side wall of the valve cavity form a second radial cavity, and a lower portion of the valve cavity is provided with an oil outlet, and the oil outlet is in communication with the second radial cavity.
  • the reversing valve further includes a winding coil disposed under the oil separation disc and sleeved on an outer circumference of the valve chamber.
  • the upper cover buffer assembly includes an upper cover and a buffer assembly
  • the buffer assembly includes an elastic body, an elastic spacer and an elastic diaphragm which are sequentially stacked in the axial cavity, and an edge of the elastic diaphragm The inner lower edge of the upper cover is embedded and fastened to the inner wall of the axial cavity to form a closed.
  • a damping hole is disposed in the lower end of the oil separation plate, and the damping hole is disposed for the upper end of the elastic oil bladder, and communicates with the axial cavity and the elastic oil bladder, respectively.
  • the diameter of the orifice is smaller than the diameter of the opening of the upper end of the elastic oil bladder.
  • the elastic diaphragm has a butterfly shape, and the oil separation disc is sealed with the upper cover buffer assembly by a fastener.
  • the steering motor includes a plurality of the cylinder assemblies, each of the cylinder assemblies being disposed below the oil separation disc and circumferentially disposed within the steering motor.
  • the bottom end of the valve core has a valve tail
  • the valve tail extends downward to the bottom end of the valve cavity
  • the inner wall and the outer wall of the valve tail are annularly provided with an open groove
  • the opening A hollow bellows is embedded in the slot
  • the hollow bellows extends downwardly from the bottom end of the spool.
  • the inner wall of the top end of the hollow column is sleeved with a deep groove ball bearing, and the inner groove of the deep groove ball bearing is provided with a hollow sleeve, and the inner diameter of the hollow sleeve is smaller than the circular through hole opened on the valve core Inner diameter.
  • a pipeline jacket is disposed in the hollow casing, and the pipeline jacket extends downward along the inner wall of the hollow casing and extends beyond the hollow bellows.
  • the steering motor provided by the present invention adopts a combination design of oil passages, which simplifies the overall structure of the steering motor by simplifying the oil passage structure; in addition, a cylinder assembly is also adopted inside the steering motor, and the cylinder is also used. An elastic oil bladder is used in the assembly, which reduces structural wear and tear caused by friction during shock absorption, thereby prolonging the service life of the steering motor and saving cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a steering motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of the portion of the oil separation plate of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the portion of the reversing valve of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B of Figure 1.
  • the present embodiment provides a steering motor including a casing 10 having a cavity in which a stator 15 is disposed, and a chamber is formed between an outer wall of the stator 15 and an inner wall of the casing 10. 16;
  • the steering motor further includes: an upper cover buffer assembly 1 and a oil separation plate 2, wherein the oil separation plate 2 is disposed below the upper cover buffer assembly 1, and the upper cover buffer assembly 1 and the oil separation plate 2 are closed to form a closed
  • An axial cavity 4 is provided with a buffer assembly 11 that cooperates with the oil for damping vibrations.
  • a cylinder assembly 5 is fixedly disposed below the oil separation plate 2.
  • the cylinder assembly 5 includes an oil cylinder 51, an elastic oil bladder 52, and a piston 53.
  • the oil cylinder 51 has openings at both ends thereof, and the elastic oil bladder 52 and the piston 53 are disposed in the cylinder.
  • the elastic oil bladder 52 is a bladder-shaped elastic diaphragm that is open at the upper end, and the edge of the upper end of the elastic oil bladder 52 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the upper end of the cylinder 51, thereby forming a seal to the opening of the upper end of the cylinder 51, and the elastic oil bladder
  • the opening at the upper end of the 52 communicates with the cavity 4, and the piston 53 is fixedly coupled to the lower end of the elastic oil bladder 52, and the piston 53 is axially slidable along the inner cavity of the cylinder 51 in the cylinder 51.
  • the piston 53 slides up and down in the cylinder 51 as the steering motor vibrates, and the elastic oil bladder 52 is pulled or compressed by sliding thereof.
  • the elastic oil bladder 52 is compressed, the elastic oil bladder The oil in 52 is squeezed and flows into the axial cavity 4, and then the oil compresses the buffer assembly 11 to cause it to elastically deform, thereby achieving buffer shock, when the elastic oil bladder 52 is stretched, the axial direction
  • the oil in the cavity 4 will flow back into the elastic oil bladder 52, and the cushioning assembly 11 will return to deformation.
  • a hollow column 21 extending upward and downward and axially respectively is disposed in the oil separation plate 2, the hollow column 21 has an inner cavity, the oil inlet plate 2 is further provided with an oil inlet port 22, and is arranged radially
  • the oil passage 23, the inner wall of the hollow column 21 is provided with a fuel passage through the oil passage 23, the oil passage 23 communicates with the inner cavity of the hollow column 21 through the oil passage, and the oil passage 23 also communicates with the axial cavity 4;
  • the inside of the hollow column 21 is provided with a reversing valve 3, the reversing valve 3 has a valve core 31 and a valve chamber 32; the inner wall of the hollow column 21 and the outer wall of the valve chamber 32 form a first radial cavity, the first radial A pin 7 is embedded in the cavity, and the first radial cavity is separated by the pin 7 to form a separate oil inlet oil inlet cavity 24 and a oil separation plate oil discharge cavity 25, wherein the oil separation plate oil inlet cavity 24 Connected with the oil inlet port 22, the
  • a circular through hole is formed in the center of the valve body 31, and a plurality of split ring grooves are formed in the outer wall ring of the valve body 31, and an O-ring 38 is embedded in each of the split ring grooves.
  • the upper part of the side wall of the valve chamber 32 is provided with a reversing valve oil passage 33 which is arranged in the radial direction.
  • the reversing valve is disposed below the axial direction of the oil passage 33 with a lubricating oil hole 34 arranged in the radial direction.
  • the upper ring of the outer wall of the outer wall is provided with a semi-circular oil passage groove 35 having a cross section, and the oil ring groove 35 respectively communicates with the oil inlet oil inlet cavity 24 and the oil separation plate oil discharge cavity 25; the lower end of the valve core 31
  • a second radial cavity 36 is formed between the outer wall and the inner wall of the lower portion of the valve chamber 32.
  • the lower portion of the valve chamber 32 is provided with an oil outlet 37, and the oil outlet 37 communicates with the second radial cavity 36.
  • the oil enters the route from the oil inlet port 22 into the oil inlet oil inlet cavity 24, through the oil passage of the reversing valve oil passage 33 and the oil ring groove 35, and the oil flow passes through the oil distribution plate.
  • the oil cavity 25 enters the axial cavity 4 and then passes through the orifice 26 into the elastic oil bladder 52.
  • the oil inlet oil inlet cavity 24 and the reversing valve oil passage 33, the oil ring groove 35, the oil discharge oil outlet cavity 25, and the axial cavity 4 constitute an oil passage.
  • the oil passage is used for oil supply and lift oil supply of the steering motor hydraulic shock absorption system; the oil inlet oil inlet cavity 24 communicates with the oil passage hole 34, the second radial cavity 36 and the oil outlet 37 to form another oil. Road, this oil passage is used for steering motor brake oil supply.
  • valve core 31 In order to control the on and off of the input oil, the valve core 31 is moved up and down in the inner wall of the valve chamber 32, and the oil ring groove 35 and the multi-hole O-ring 38 are engaged with the inner wall of the valve chamber 32, thereby realizing
  • the communication or blocking of the oil passage 34 and the second radial cavity 36 enables the communication or blocking of the oil inlet cavity 24 and the axial cavity 4.
  • other components or methods may be used to control the on and off of the oil in the oil passage.
  • the sealed axial cavity 4 is formed by the upper cover buffer assembly 1 and the oil separation plate 2, and the oil distribution plate oil outlet cavity 25 communicating with the axial cavity 4, the reversing valve oil passage 33
  • the second radial cavity 36 communicates with the oil passage hole 34, the oil separation plate oil inlet cavity 24 and the oil outlet port 37 through the oil ring groove 35; the valve core 31 is passed through the valve core 31.
  • the upper and lower movements in the valve chamber 32, and the cooperation of the oil ring groove 35 and the plurality of O-ring seals 38 with the inner wall of the valve chamber 32 realize the switching of the above two oil passages without interference.
  • the design reduces the space occupied by the two oil passages, thereby reducing the volume of the steering motor, saving resources and saving costs;
  • the sealed axial cavity 4 is formed by the upper cover buffer assembly 1 and the oil separation plate 2, and a buffer assembly 11 is disposed in the axial cavity 4, and the shaft is disposed on the lower side of the oil separation plate 2
  • the cylinder assembly 5 docked to the cavity 4 is in sealing communication with the cavity 4 through the elastic oil bladder 52 in the cylinder assembly 5, and the elastic oil bladder 52 overcomes the wear and tear of the components in the cylinder assembly 5 of the conventional hydraulic shock absorbing mechanism, and the temperature is Sensitive defects extend the life of the shock absorbing mechanism and save costs.
  • the upper cover buffer assembly 1 includes an upper cover 12 and a buffer assembly 11.
  • the purpose of the buffer assembly 11 is to achieve buffer damping by elastic deformation thereof.
  • the buffer assembly 11 includes an elastic body 111, The elastic spacer 112 and the elastic diaphragm 113, wherein the elastic body 111, the elastic spacer 112 and the elastic diaphragm 113 are sequentially stacked in the axial cavity 4 from top to bottom, and the edge of the elastic diaphragm 113 is embedded inside the upper cover 12.
  • the lower edge is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the axial cavity 4 and forms a seal, so that the elastic body 111 and the elastic spacer 112 are sealed by the elastic diaphragm 113 in the cavity formed by the inner wall of the axial cavity 4 and the elastic diaphragm 113.
  • the elastic body 111 and the elastic spacer 112 can be moved in the chamber.
  • the buffer assembly 11 can also be other forms of buffer structure according to actual conditions and needs.
  • a damping hole 26 is disposed in a bottom surface of the lower end of the oil separation plate 2, and the damping hole 26 is disposed at an opening of the upper end of the elastic oil bladder 52.
  • the elastic oil bladder 52 is formed with the axial cavity 4 through the damping hole 26.
  • the elastic oil bladder 52 can also be in sealing communication with the above-mentioned cavity 4 by other means, such as pipe communication, or passage communication.
  • the diameter of the orifice 26 is smaller than the diameter of the opening of the upper end of the elastic oil bladder 52.
  • the cavity 4 which acts as a damping buffer, of course, is only one form of cushioning, and in other embodiments, other cushioning forms may be used.
  • the elastic diaphragm 113 has a butterfly shape, and the structure of the oil separation disc 2 is matched with the structure of the upper cover buffer assembly 1, and the two covers are combined to form a sealed connection by a fastener.
  • the fastener Bolts are used. Of course, other fasteners may be used.
  • the above-mentioned upper cover buffer assembly 1 and the oil separation disc 2 may be of other forms depending on the specific circumstances and actual needs.
  • each group of cylinder assemblies 5 are disposed in the damper mechanism, and each group of cylinder assemblies 5 are disposed under the oil slinger 2, and the upper ends of each group of cylinder assemblies 5 are offset from the bottom surface of the oil slinger 2.
  • each of the elastic oil bladders 52 of each group of cylinder assemblies 5 communicates with the axial cavity 4 through respective corresponding orifices 26.
  • each group of cylinder assemblies 5 is circumferentially disposed inside the steering motor.
  • the number of cylinder assemblies 5 can be determined on a case-by-case basis, and each set of cylinder assemblies 5 can also be distributed in other forms.
  • the directional control valve 3 is an electromagnetic directional control valve, and the directional control valve 3 further includes a winding coil 39.
  • the valve chamber 32 is disposed on the inner wall of the upper portion of the hollow column 21, and the winding coil 39 is sleeved.
  • the outer wall of the valve chamber 32 is provided with an axial positioning flange, the winding coil 39 is located below the hollow column 21 and above the outer wall positioning flange of the valve chamber 32.
  • other types of reversing valves may be employed depending on the actual situation and needs.
  • the oil ring groove 35 and the oil passage 23 are staggered, and the switching valve oil passage 33 is blocked by the outer wall of the valve core 31.
  • the second radial cavity 36 passes through the oil hole 34 and the minute.
  • the oil pan inlet oil chamber 24 communicates, that is, the oil passage formed by the oil disc inlet oil chamber 24 and the second radial cavity 36 constitutes a passage, and the oil disc inlet oil chamber 24 and the axial cavity 4 are The oil passage formed by the elastic oil bladder 52 is blocked; when the winding coil 39 is energized, the valve core 31 is entirely moved downward, the oil passage groove 35 is in alignment with the oil passage 33, and the O-ring of the lower tapered surface of the valve core 31 is sealed.
  • the ring 38 presses the conical surface of the lower portion of the valve chamber 32, that is, the second radial cavity 36 is blocked; thus, the oil passage of the oil inlet chamber 24 and the axial cavity 4 and the elastic oil bladder 52 are formed.
  • the passage is formed, and at the same time, the oil passage formed by the oil inlet cavity 24 and the second radial cavity 36 is blocked; the switching of the two paths is realized by the switching of the switching valve 3, and mutual Do not interfere.
  • the bottom end of the valve core 31 has a valve tail, and the valve tail extends downwardly from the bottom end of the valve chamber 32, and the inner wall and the outer wall of the valve tail are respectively provided with open grooves extending in the circumferential direction, and the open groove is embedded therein.
  • the inner wall of the hollow column 21 is sleeved with a deep groove ball bearing 8 , and the inner groove of the deep groove ball bearing 8 is provided with a hollow sleeve 9 , and the valve core 31 is provided with a circular through hole penetrating the upper and lower sides thereof, and the hollow sleeve 9 is The inner diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the circular through hole.
  • the inner end of the inner wall of the hollow column 21 may also be sleeved with other types of bearings.
  • the hollow casing 9 is provided with a pipeline sheath 17 extending downward along the inner wall of the hollow casing 9 from the bottom end of the valve core 31 and extending out of the hollow bellows 6.
  • the hollow bellows 6 and the hollow sleeve 9 serve to support and position the line jacket 17.
  • the line jacket 17 is used to set the hand brake cable.
  • the laying of the brake wire can be used in other ways, and the pipeline jacket 17 can also be used to lay other pipelines.
  • the inside of the conventional steering motor often adopts a accommodating groove and puts the oil pipeline and the cable into the accommodating groove, but when the steering motor works, the oil pipeline and the cable are accommodating due to continuous rotation.
  • the wall of the groove is rubbed and is easily worn.
  • the oil pipelines and cables are arranged in a spiral suspension or on the axis of rotation, so that when the steering motor is in operation The oil pipeline and the cable rotate synchronously with the sheath thereof, or do not rotate, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of damage due to friction and saving cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
  • Slot Machines And Peripheral Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种转向电机，包括机壳（10）和定子（15），定子（15）外壁与机壳（10）内壁形成腔室（16）；还包括上盖缓冲组件（1）和分油盘（2），且两者盖合形成轴向型腔（4）；分油盘（2）下方设油缸组件（5），其包括油缸（51）和弹性油囊（52），另外，油缸（51）内设有连接于弹性油囊（52）下端且沿油缸轴向滑动的活塞（53）；分油盘（2）中设有过油通道（23）、进油口（22）和中空柱（21），过油通道（23）与轴向型腔（4）连通，中空柱（21）内壁上开设连通过油通道（23）的过油口；中空柱（21）内设有具有阀芯的换向阀（3），中空柱（21）内壁与换向阀（3）外壁形成径向型腔，并通过嵌入销钉（7）而隔离成两独立的径向型腔。该转向电机通过换向阀的阀芯与阀腔配合，使油道分成互不干扰的两个分支油道，简化了结构；采用弹性油囊，减弱了摩擦磨损，延长了电机使用寿命，节约了成本。

Description

一种转向电机 技术领域
本发明涉及电动机结构的技术领域，尤其涉及一种转向电机。
 背景技术
随着汽车工业的不断发展，汽车的转向系统也得到飞速进步，而电动助力转向系统则是汽车转向系统的发展方向。该系统由转向电机直接提供转向助力，省去了传统液压动力转向系统中所必需的一些部件，既节省能量，又保护了环境；另外，该系统还具有调整简单、装配灵活以及在多种状况下都能提供转向助力的特点。
驾驶员在操纵方向盘进行转向时，转矩传感器检测到转向盘的转向以及转矩的大小，将电压信号输送到电子控制单元，电子控制单元根据转矩传感器检测到的转矩电压信号、转动方向和车速信号等，向转向电机控制器发出指令，使转向电机输出相应大小和方向的转向助力转矩，从而产生辅助动力；当汽车不转向时，电子控制单元不向电动机控制器发出指令，电动机不工作。
当汽车行驶在不良路况上时，汽车整体带动转向电机不断震动，为了克服不良路况对转向电机产生震动的不良影响，从而在转向电机内部设置了减震系统，而传统的减震系统中通常采用了碳刷和集电环，在转向电机受到震动时，减震系统就开始工作而不断地缓冲震动，这样导致碳刷和集电环不断地被摩擦，从而因摩擦而导致磨损破坏，并且，其对温度也比较敏感，容易因温差变化而受到损坏，严重影响了转向电机的稳定性和寿命。
目前的转向电机内往往设有各种油道，比如用于减震供油的油道、用于刹车供油的油道、用于举升供油的油道等等，但这些油道都是采用单独设计并分开装配，使各个油道之间彼此分隔，这样导致油道占用了转向电机过多的空间，使转向电动机结构复杂化，这样既浪费资源，又增加了生产成本。
 技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种转向电机，旨在解决现有技术中，转向电机存在的如下缺陷：
1）转向电机内部的各个油道单独设计而占用较大的内部空间，使转向电机结构复杂化，且体积增大，进而造成资源浪费、生产成本增加；
2）转向电机内部的油缸组件中，减震过程中因不断摩擦而导致结构磨损破坏，以及因温差变化导致结构损坏，从而影响转向电机的稳定性和寿命
 技术解决方案
本发明提供的技术方案是，一种转向电机，包括具有空腔的机壳，设于所述机壳的空腔中的定子，所述定子的外壁与所述机壳的内壁之间形成腔室；
所述转向电机还包括上盖缓冲组件和分油盘，所述分油盘置于所述上盖缓冲组件下方，且与所述上盖缓冲组件盖合形成轴向型腔；
所述分油盘的下方固设有油缸组件，所述油缸组件包括两端开口的油缸，设于所述油缸中且上端具有开口的弹性油囊，所述弹性油囊的上端与所述油缸内壁固定连接，且连通所述轴向型腔，所述油缸内还设有沿所述油缸轴向滑动的活塞，所述活塞连接于所述弹性油囊下端；
所述分油盘中设有沿径向布置且与所述轴向型腔连通的过油通道，所述分油盘上设有进油口，所述分油盘中分别向上和向下延伸有沿轴向布置的具有内腔的中空柱，所述中空柱的内壁上开设有连通所述过油通道的过油口；
所述中空柱的内侧设有具有阀芯的换向阀，所述中空柱的内侧壁与所述换向阀外壁形成第一径向型腔，所述第一径向型腔中嵌入有销钉，所述第一径向型腔被所述销钉隔离形成相互独立的分油盘进油型腔和分油盘出油型腔，所述分油盘进油型腔与所述进油口连通，所述分油盘出油型腔与所述轴向型腔连通；
所述阀芯中心开设有圆形通孔，所述阀芯外壁环设有多个开口环槽，所述开口环槽内嵌入有O型密封圈；
所述阀腔侧壁上部开设有沿径向贯通布置的换向阀过油通道，所述换向阀过油通道轴向的下方开设有沿径向布置的过油孔；
所述阀芯上端的外壁上环设有截面呈半圆形的过油环槽，所述过油环槽连通所述分油盘进油型腔和所述分油盘出油型腔；
所述阀芯下端的外壁与所述阀腔下部侧壁形成第二径向型腔，所述阀腔下部开设有出油口，所述出油口与所述第二径向型腔连通。
进一步地，所述换向阀还包括置于分油盘下方且套设于所述阀腔外周的绕组线圈。
优选地，所述上盖缓冲组件包括上盖和缓冲组件，所述缓冲组件包括依序层叠设置于所述轴向型腔内的弹性体、弹性隔环以及弹性隔膜，所述弹性隔膜的边缘嵌入所述上盖内侧下缘且与所述轴向型腔内壁紧固形成封闭。
进一步地，所述分油盘的下端中设有阻尼孔，所述阻尼孔正对于所述弹性油囊的上端布置，且分别连通所述轴向型腔及所述弹性油囊。
进一步地，所述阻尼孔的孔径小于所述弹性油囊上端开口的口径。
优选地，所述弹性隔膜呈蝶形状，所述分油盘通过紧固件与所述上盖缓冲组件盖合密封。
优选地，所述转向电机包括多个所述油缸组件，各所述油缸组件均置于所述分油盘下方，且于所述转向电机内呈圆周布置。
优选地，所述阀芯的底端具有阀尾，所述阀尾向下延伸至所述阀腔的底端，且所述阀尾的内壁和外壁上均环设有开口槽，所述开口槽内嵌入有中空波纹管，所述中空波纹管向下延伸出所述阀芯底端。
进一步地，所述中空柱顶端的内壁套设有深沟球轴承，所述深沟球轴承内圈套设有中空套管，所述中空套管内径小于所述阀芯上开设的圆形通孔的内径。
进一步地，所述中空套管内设有管线护套，所述管线护套沿所述中空套管内壁向下延伸并超出所述中空波纹管。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的转向电机内部采用了油道的组合设计，通过简化油道结构而简化了转向电机整体的结构；另外，在转向电机内部还采用了油缸组件，该油缸组件中采用了弹性油囊，其减弱了在减震过程中因摩擦而造成的结构磨损破坏，从而延长了转向电机的使用寿命，节约了成本。
 附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的转向电机的剖面示意图；
图2为图1的局部放大示意图；
图3为图1中分油盘部分的局部放大示意图；
图4为图1中换向阀部分的局部放大示意图；
图5为图1中A-A剖切方向的剖切示意图；
图6为图1中B-B剖切方向的剖切示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的实现进行详细的描述。
如图1~6所示，为本发明提供的一个较佳实施例。
本实施例提供了一种转向电机，其包括：具有空腔的机壳10，该机壳10的空腔中设置有定子15，该定子15的外壁和机壳10的内壁之间形成腔室16；
上述转向电机还包括：上盖缓冲组件1和分油盘2，其中，分油盘2设置在上盖缓冲组件1的下方，且上盖缓冲组件1与分油盘2盖合形成了密闭的轴向型腔4，该轴向型腔4内设置有与油液配合用于缓冲震动的缓冲组件11。
在分油盘2的下方固定设置有油缸组件5，该油缸组件5包括油缸51、弹性油囊52和活塞53，油缸51的两端具有开口，弹性油囊52和活塞53均设置在该油缸51中，弹性油囊52为上端开口的囊状弹性隔膜，且弹性油囊52上端开口的边缘与油缸51上端开口的内壁固定连接，从而形成对油缸51上端开口的密封，并且，弹性油囊52上端的开口与型腔4连通，另外，活塞53固定连接于弹性油囊52的下端，且该活塞53在油缸51中，可以沿油缸51的内腔轴向滑动。
当转向电机发生震动时，活塞53会随着转向电机的震动而在油缸51内上下滑动，通过其滑动而牵引弹性油囊52拉伸或者压缩，当弹性油囊52被压缩时，弹性油囊52内的油液会被挤压而流动到轴向型腔4内，接着油液压缩缓冲组件11而导致其发生弹性形变，进而实现缓冲震动，当弹性油囊52被拉伸时，轴向型腔4内的油液会回流至弹性油囊52中，缓冲组件11恢复形变。
在分油盘2中设有分别向上和向下延伸且沿轴向布置的中空柱21，中空柱21具有内腔，分油盘2中还开设有进油口22，以及沿径向布置的过油通道23，中空柱21的内壁上开设有连通过油通道23的过油口，过油通道23通过过油口连通中空柱21的内腔，并且过油通道23还连通轴向型腔4；中空柱21的内侧设有换向阀3，换向阀3具有阀芯31和阀腔32；中空柱21的内壁与阀腔32外壁形成第一径向型腔，该第一径向型腔中嵌入有销钉7，第一径向型腔被销钉7隔离形成相互独立的分油盘进油型腔24和分油盘出油型腔25，其中，分油盘进油型腔24与进油口22连通，分油盘出油型腔25与轴向型腔4连通；
上述阀芯31的中心开设有圆形通孔，阀芯31的外壁环设有多个开口环槽，各个开口环槽内嵌入有O型密封圈38。
阀腔32侧壁上部开设有沿径向贯通布置的换向阀过油通道33，该换向阀过油通道33的轴向下方开设有沿径向布置的过油孔34；另外，阀芯31外壁的上部环设有截面呈半圆形的过油环槽35，该过油环槽35分别连通分油盘进油型腔24和分油盘出油型腔25；阀芯31下端的外壁与阀腔32下部内壁间形成第二径向型腔36，阀腔32下部开设有出油口37，该出油口37与第二径向型腔36连通。
油液的进入路线是，由进油口22进入分油盘进油型腔24，穿过换向阀过油通道33与过油环槽35配合的油道，油液流经过分油盘出油型腔25，进入上述轴向型腔4内，接着穿过上述阻尼孔26进入上述弹性油囊52内。
如上所述，分油盘进油型腔24与换向阀过油通道33、过油环槽35、分油盘出油型腔25，以及轴向型腔4连通构成了一条油道，该油道用于转向电机液压减震系统供油和举升供油；分油盘进油型腔24与过油孔34、第二径向型腔36以及出油口37连通构成了另一条油道，此油道用于转向电机刹车供油。通过阀芯31在阀腔32内的上下移动，以及过油环槽35、多个O形密封圈38与阀腔32内壁的配合，实现了上述两条油道互不干扰的切换。
为了对输入油液的通断进行控制，通过阀芯31在其阀腔32内壁中上下移动，以及过油环槽35和多道O形密封圈38与阀腔32内壁的配合，实现了对过油孔34与第二径向型腔36的连通或者阻断，进而实现了分油盘进油型腔24与上述轴向型腔4的连通或者阻断。当然，在其他实施例中，根据实际情况和需求，也可采用其他的构件或者方式对过油通道中油液的通断进行控制。
采用上述的转向电机，具有如下特点：
1）通过上盖缓冲组件1与分油盘2盖合而形成了密封的轴向型腔4，以及轴向型腔4连通的分油盘出油型腔25，换向阀过油通道33，通过过油环槽35与分油盘进油型腔24连通；第二径向型腔36与过油孔34、分油盘进油型腔24以及出油口37连通；通过阀芯31在阀腔32中上下移动，以及过油环槽35和多道O形密封圈38与阀腔32内壁的配合，实现了上述两条油道互不干扰的切换。该设计缩小了两条油道所占用的空间，进而减小了转向电机体积，节约资源，节省成本；
2）通过上盖缓冲组件1与分油盘2盖合形成了密封的轴向型腔4，在该轴向型腔4内设置了缓冲组件11，在分油盘2下侧设置了与轴向型腔4对接的油缸组件5，通过油缸组件5中的弹性油囊52与型腔4密封连通，弹性油囊52克服了传统液压减震机构的油缸组件5中部件易磨损，且对温度敏感的缺陷，延长了减震机构的使用寿命，也节约了成本。
本实施例中，上述上盖缓冲组件1包括上盖12和缓冲组件11，此处，设置缓冲组件11的目的是，通过其弹性形变而实现缓冲减震，该缓冲组件11包括弹性体111、弹性隔环112和弹性隔膜113，其中，弹性体111、弹性隔环112和弹性隔膜113自上而下依序层叠设置在上述轴向型腔4内，弹性隔膜113的边缘嵌入上盖12内侧下缘且与轴向型腔4的内壁固定连接并形成密封，这样，弹性体111和弹性隔环112就被弹性隔膜113密封在轴向型腔4内壁与弹性隔膜113形成的腔室内，此处，弹性体111和弹性隔环112可以在该腔室内活动，当然，在其他实施例中，根据实际情况和需要，缓冲组件11还可以为其他形式的缓冲结构。
上述分油盘2下端的底面中开设有阻尼孔26，该阻尼孔26正对于上述弹性油囊52上端的开口布置，这样，弹性油囊52通过该阻尼孔26与上述轴向型腔4构成连通，当然，在其他实施例中，弹性油囊52也可以通过其他的方式与上述型腔4密封连通，比如管道连通，或者通道连通等。
并且，上述阻尼孔26的孔径小于弹性油囊52上端开口的口径，这样，当弹性油囊52受到上述活塞53压迫时，其内的油液被挤压而通过阻尼孔26进入上述轴向型腔4，该阻尼孔26也就起到了阻尼缓冲的作用，当然，这只是缓冲的一种形式，在其他实施例中，也可以采用其他的缓冲形式。
本实施例中，上述弹性隔膜113呈蝶形状，上述分油盘2的结构与上盖缓冲组件1的结构相匹配对应，两者盖合并通过紧固件实现密封连接，此处，紧固件采用的是螺栓，当然，也可以采用其他紧固件，在其他实施例中，根据具体情况和实际需要，上述上盖缓冲组件1和上述分油盘2也可以为其他形式的结构。
本实施例中，上述减震机构内设置了多组油缸组件5，各组油缸组件5全部设置在上述分油盘2的下方，各组油缸组件5的上端均与分油盘2的底面相抵接，自然地，各组油缸组件5中的各个弹性油囊52通过各个对应的阻尼孔26与上述轴向型腔4连通，另外，各组油缸组件5呈圆周布置于转向电机内部。当然，在其他实施例中，油缸组件5的数量可以根据具体情况而确定，并且，各组油缸组件5也可以呈其他形式分布。
本实施例中，上述的换向阀3采用的是电磁换向阀，该换向阀3还包括绕组线圈39；具体地，阀腔32设在中空柱21上部的内壁，绕组线圈39套设在阀腔32外壁，该外壁上设有轴向定位凸缘，绕组线圈39且位于中空柱21的下方和阀腔32外壁定位凸缘的上方。当然，在其他实施例中，根据实际情况和需要，也可以采用其他类型的换向阀。
初始状态下，过油环槽35与过油通道23错开，换向阀过油通道33被阀芯31的外壁所封堵，此时，第二径向型腔36通过过油孔34与分油盘进油型腔24连通，即分油盘进油型腔24与第二径向型腔36形成的油道构成通路，且分油盘进油型腔24与上述轴向型腔4以及弹性油囊52形成的油道被阻断；当绕组线圈39通电时，阀芯31整体下移，过油环槽35与过油通道33对准连通，阀芯31下部锥面的O型密封圈38压紧了阀腔32下部的圆锥面，即第二径向型腔36被封堵；这样，分油盘进油型腔24与轴向型腔4以及弹性油囊52形成的油道构成通路，同时，分油盘进油型腔24与第二径向型腔36形成的油道被阻断；通过换向阀3的换向切换作用实现了两条路道的切换，且互不干扰。
本实施例中，阀芯31的底端具有阀尾，阀尾向下延伸出阀腔32的底端，且阀尾的内壁和外壁均开设有圆周方向贯通的开口槽，该开口槽内嵌入有中空波纹管6，中空波纹管6向下延伸出阀芯31的底端。
上述中空柱21内壁顶端套设有深沟球轴承8，深沟球轴承8内圈套设有中空套管9，上述阀芯31中开设有贯通其上下的圆形通孔，中空套管9的内径小于圆形通孔的内径，在其他实施例中，上述中空柱21内壁顶端也可以套设其他类型轴承。
上述中空套管9内设有管线护套17，管线护套17沿中空套管9内壁向下延伸出阀芯31底端，并伸出上述中空波纹管6。中空波纹管6和中空套管9对管线护套17起到支承和定位的作用。在本实施例中，管线护套17用于套设手刹车拉线。当然，在其他实施例中，手刹车拉线的铺设也可以采用其他方式，管线护套17也可以用作铺设其他管线。
另外，传统的转向电机内部往往通过开设容置槽，并将输油管道和线缆置入该容置槽中，但在转向电机工作时，输油管道和线缆会由于不断的回转而与容置槽槽壁发生摩擦，极易被磨损；而本实施例提供的转向电机内部，将各个输油管道和线缆或采用螺旋形悬挂式设置，或设置于回转轴线上，这样，在转向电机工作时，输油管道和线缆与其护套同步旋转，或不会产生旋转，从而避免了因摩擦而损坏的现象，节约了成本。
上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种转向电机，其特征在于，包括具有空腔的机壳，设于所述机壳的空腔中的定子，所述定子的外壁与所述机壳的内壁之间形成腔室；
    所述转向电机还包括上盖缓冲组件和分油盘，所述分油盘置于所述上盖缓冲组件下方，且与所述上盖缓冲组件盖合形成轴向型腔；
    所述分油盘的下方固设有油缸组件，所述油缸组件包括两端开口的油缸，设于所述油缸中且上端具有开口的弹性油囊，所述弹性油囊的上端与所述油缸内壁固定连接，且连通所述轴向型腔，所述油缸内还设有沿所述油缸轴向滑动的活塞，所述活塞连接于所述弹性油囊下端；
    所述分油盘中设有沿径向布置且与所述轴向型腔连通的过油通道，所述分油盘上设有进油口，所述分油盘中分别向上和向下延伸有沿轴向布置的具有内腔的中空柱，所述中空柱的内壁上开设有连通所述过油通道的过油口；
    所述中空柱的内侧设有具有阀芯的换向阀，所述中空柱的内侧壁与所述换向阀外壁形成第一径向型腔，所述第一径向型腔中嵌入有销钉，所述第一径向型腔被所述销钉隔离形成相互独立的分油盘进油型腔和分油盘出油型腔，所述分油盘进油型腔与所述进油口连通，所述分油盘出油型腔与所述轴向型腔连通；
    所述阀芯中心开设有圆形通孔，所述阀芯外壁环设有多个开口环槽，所述开口环槽内嵌入有O型密封圈；
    所述阀腔侧壁上部开设有沿径向贯通布置的换向阀过油通道，所述换向阀过油通道轴向的下方开设有沿径向布置的过油孔；
    所述阀芯上端的外壁上环设有截面呈半圆形的过油环槽，所述过油环槽连通所述分油盘进油型腔和所述分油盘出油型腔；
    所述阀芯下端的外壁与所述阀腔下部侧壁形成第二径向型腔，所述阀腔下部开设有出油口，所述出油口与所述第二径向型腔连通。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述换向阀还包括置于分油盘下方且套设于所述阀腔外周的绕组线圈。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述上盖缓冲组件包括上盖和缓冲组件，所述缓冲组件包括依序层叠设置于所述轴向型腔内的弹性体、弹性隔环以及弹性隔膜，所述弹性隔膜的边缘嵌入所述上盖内侧下缘且与所述轴向型腔内壁紧固形成封闭。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述分油盘的下端中设有阻尼孔，所述阻尼孔正对于所述弹性油囊的上端布置，且分别连通所述轴向型腔及所述弹性油囊。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述阻尼孔的孔径小于所述弹性油囊上端开口的口径。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述弹性隔膜呈蝶形状，所述分油盘通过紧固件与所述上盖缓冲组件盖合密封。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述转向电机包括多个所述油缸组件，各所述油缸组件均置于所述分油盘下方，且于所述转向电机内呈圆周布置。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述阀芯的底端具有阀尾，所述阀尾向下延伸至所述阀腔的底端，且所述阀尾的内壁和外壁上均环设有开口槽，所述开口槽内嵌入有中空波纹管，所述中空波纹管向下延伸出所述阀芯底端。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述中空柱顶端的内壁套设有深沟球轴承，所述深沟球轴承内圈套设有中空套管，所述中空套管内径小于所述阀芯上开设的圆形通孔的内径。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的转向电机，其特征在于，所述中空套管内设有管线护套，所述管线护套沿所述中空套管内壁向下延伸并超出所述中空波纹管。
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