Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/22—Piles
  • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
  • E02D5/36—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making without use of mouldpipes or other moulds

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the production of concrete piles in the ground.
• augers comprising a helical blade wound around a central core and provided with a cutting tool at their lower end.
• the auger is first lowered into the ground and, once the perforation is complete, concrete is injected under pressure through the central core at the same time as the auger is raised.
• a drilling and concreting tool for producing a concrete pile in the ground comprises a central core extending in an axial direction and surrounded by a helical blade, a cutting tool disposed at one end. tool, a concrete injection pipe provided with at least one concrete injection port and a treatment fluid injection circuit comprising at least one fluid injection port in the vicinity of the cutting tool.
• the fluid injection circuit in order to limit the size of the tooling, communicates with the concrete injection conduit in order to be powered by said conduit.
• the tool according to the invention allows a cleaning of the cutting tool throughout the perforation by injection of a pressure treatment fluid in the vicinity of the tool. Stuffing problems and untimely stops during the implementation are thus avoided.
• cutting surface designates the ground surface marking the end of the perforation at a given moment.
• the tool according to the invention makes it possible, thanks to the injection of treatment fluid, to clear the cuttings covering the cutting surface and to guide these cuttings upwards between the turns of the helical blade.
• the cutting tool is thus brought into contact with uncut ground, improving the efficiency and thus the perforation speed.
• the soil is lighter and generates less friction than the ground.
• the torque of the tooling is therefore limited, improving the efficiency of the perforation.
• a process fluid may be any fluid different from the concrete.
• the treatment fluid may for example be air. It can also be a foam.
• the fluid is injected in the vicinity of the cutting tool, for example when it is injected at a distance from the tool equivalent to less than 5% of the axial length of the drilling and concreting tool, said distance being measured in the axial direction of the tooling. Generally, this distance is less than the pitch of the helical blade.
• the concrete injection port is also generally located near the lower end of the tool.
• an axial direction is a direction parallel to the axis of the central core of the drilling and concreting tool.
• a radial direction is a direction perpendicular to the axis of the central core and intersecting this axis.
• a cutting direction of the tooling is also defined as the direction of rotation of the drilling and concreting tool during the drilling phase (when the tool is lowered into the ground).
• the front and rear are defined with reference to this cutting direction, the front being directed in the cutting direction.
• the helical blade extends over the entire axial length of the central core, forming a continuous auger. In this case, and as indicated in the introduction to the present application, all the cuttings are extracted once the auger is raised.
• the injection of treatment fluid in the vicinity of the cutting tool makes it possible, at identical speed of rotation, to obtain a greater perforation speed than with the augers of the prior art.
• the number of "screw" turns needed to reach a given depth is reduced. In the particular case of a continuous auger, this leads to a smaller amount of cuttings reassembled during the perforation, which is favorable to a greater compactness of the surrounding land, and therefore to a better bearing of the pile.
• the injection of treatment fluid can allow a reduction of more than 30%, preferably 50%, of the total volume of cuttings excavated during drilling.
• the helicoidal blade may extend over a limited axial portion of the central core, preferably from its lower end over an axial length representing less than 20% of the total axial length of the core.
• This configuration is common in the realization of so-called recessed piles, wherein the soil is moved radially and compacted around the entire borehole.
• the tool according to the invention is arranged to be able to pass from a first position in which the concrete injection orifice is at least partially closed and the fluid injection circuit is open at a second position. wherein the concrete injection port is open.
• the concrete injection port generally has a larger section than that of the fluid injection port.
• the concrete injection port has a minimum width at least two times greater than that of the fluid injection port.
• the width of an orifice must be understood here as the distance separating two opposite faces of said orifice.
• the minimum width is thus the smallest measurable width between two opposite faces of the orifice.
• the width of the orifice corresponds to its diameter.
• the width of the orifice corresponds to the distance between its two longest faces.
• the concrete injection port has a minimum width greater than 60 mm, preferably greater than 80 mm, particularly allowing the passage of gravel contained in the concrete.
• the fluid injection orifice advantageously has a minimum width of less than 30 mm, preferably less than 15 mm, allowing the injection of the treatment fluid at a sufficient pressure.
• the treatment fluid injection circuit comprises at least one fluid supply orifice formed in the central core and opening in a radial direction of said core.
• the fluid supply port is distinct from the concrete injection port.
• the fluid supply port may open above or below the helical blade, preferably directly above or below the first turn of the blade.
• the fluid supply port can open directly to the outside. It then constitutes a fluid injection orifice at which the flow of fluid is injected into the ground in a substantially radial direction.
• the fluid injection circuit comprises a fluid deflection device disposed between the fluid supply port and the fluid injection port, the deflection device being configured such that at the level of the fluid injection port, the fluid flows in a direction substantially tangential to the central core while being oriented in the cutting direction. Thanks to these arrangements, the injection of fluid into the soil can be located optimally.
• the cutting tool comprises, at the periphery of the central core, at least one cutting member comprising a series of cutting teeth distributed in a main direction of the cutting member extending substantially radially.
• the deflection device is configured so that at the injection orifice, the fluid flow is distributed in the main direction of the cutting member, preferably distributed substantially regularly. over all its extent.
• the deflection device thus makes it possible to distribute the flow of fluid over a maximum width of the cutting tool, optimizing the drilling efficiency, in particular in the case of tools of large diameter.
• the deflection device is configured such that at the outlet of the injection orifice, the fluid flows so as to strike the cutting tool.
• the deflection device comprises a housing provided with an inlet connected to the fluid supply orifice and a deflector wall, adapted to discharge the fluid coming from said inlet towards the cooling tool. chopped off.
• the housing may for example be arranged at the rear of the cutting member. It can thus, in addition, fulfill a stiffener function of the body generally subjected to significant mechanical stresses.
• the central core comprises a tubular rod carrying the helical blade and the concrete injection pipe is a dip tube comprising said at least one concrete injection port on its lower part, the dip tube being arranged to slide axially inside the tubular shaft between the first and second positions.
• a dip tube of this type is already known from patent application FR 2 566 813 mentioned above.
• the fluid supply orifice is advantageously formed in the tubular rod so as to communicate with the concrete injection port of said dip tube, in the first position of the tool (retracted state of the dip tube for example).
• the fluid supply orifice may in particular be arranged facing the concrete injection port in said position.
• the invention also relates to a drilling and concreting machine for producing a concrete pile in the ground, comprising drilling and concreting tools as defined above, means for supplying the concrete injection pipe with concrete, and means for supplying the fluid injection circuit with process fluid.
• the concrete injection pipe is connected to means for storing and pumping concrete on the one hand, and to storage and pumping means for treatment fluid on the other hand, for can be fed alternately by one and the other, depending on the stage performed (drilling or concreting).
• the drilling machine further comprises a frame provided with a longitudinal mast, the central core of the drilling and concreting tool extending parallel to the mast, and means for moving the drilling tool and concreting relative to the mast in translation in the longitudinal direction of the mast and in rotation about the axis of the central core.
• the invention also relates to a method for producing a concrete pile in the soil, into which a drilling and concreting tool is introduced into the ground comprising a central core surrounded by a helical blade and a cutting tool at one end. lowering said tooling, by turning it and injecting a pressurized treatment fluid in the vicinity of the cutting tool (50), whereby the soil is cut; during drilling, the treatment fluid and the concrete are injected through the same injection pipe of the drilling and concreting tool; and in a concreting step, the tooling is raised by injecting concrete into the ground by said tool, so as to form a concrete pile.
• the tooling comprises a concrete injection pipe provided with at least one concrete injection port and a treatment fluid injection circuit comprising at least one fluid injection orifice at the near the cutting tool, at least part of the drilling step being performed with the tool in a first position in which the concrete injection port is at least partially closed and the injection circuit of fluid is opened and the concreting step is performed with the tooling in a second position in which the concrete injection port is open.
• the injection of pressure treatment fluid into the soil can advantageously begin at the start of drilling. She may be continued throughout the drilling or, depending on the type of terrain encountered, be stopped before the end of drilling.
• cuttings related to drilling are raised to the soil surface during drilling.
• the cuttings are either reassembled during the ascent of the tooling, that is to say during concreting, or discharged radially out of the borehole and compacted.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a drilling machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 1 shows the lower end of the drilling and concreting tool of Figure 1, in front view
• FIG. 3 is a view from below of the drilling and concreting tool of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 4A is a sectional view along line IV-IV of Figure 3, wherein the dip tube is illustrated in the retracted position;
• FIG. 4B is a partial sectional view along IV-IV of Figure 3, wherein the dip tube is illustrated in the deployed position;
• FIG. 5 is a perspective view, from below, of the drilling and concreting tool of FIG. 1;
• FIGS. 6A and 6B respectively illustrate the drilling step and the concreting step, during the production of the concrete pile by means of the tool of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 7 is a detailed view of the upper end of the drilling and concreting tool of FIG. 1; - Figure 8 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the tool according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows a drilling and concreting machine 10 according to the invention, which makes it possible to produce a concrete pile 100 in the ground S.
• the drilling machine 10 comprises a frame 12 on which is mounted, generally in an articulated manner, a drillpole 14. On the frame 12 are usually mounted other equipment such as the control panel 16 of the drilling machine 10.
• the drilling mast 14 serves as a guide rail for a drilling and concreting tool 18 according to the invention.
• Means are provided, on the machine 10, for moving the tool 18 relative to the mast 16.
• these means comprise a carriage 20 movable in the longitudinal direction of the mast 14, and a hydraulic rotation head 22 mounted on the carriage 20.
• the hydraulic rotation head 22 is intended to be fixed to the drilling and concreting tool 18, and is adapted to rotate it to perform the perforation of the soil S.
• the tooling 18 comprises a central core 24 extending in an axial direction X and surrounded by a helical blade 30, as well as a cutting tool 50 disposed at its lower end 18b and which allows the cutting of the ground during the operation. 'drilling step.
• the central core 24 of the tooling 18 comprises a tubular shaft 26 preferably formed by a plurality of tubes such as 26i (see Figure 1) and extending in the longitudinal direction X.
• the tubular rod 26 is fixed at its upper end to the hydraulic rotation head 22.
• first helically shaped blade 30 extending here over its entire axial height, forming an auger continues.
• it also comprises a second helical blade 32, shifted 180 degrees relative to the first continuous blade 30 and extending from the lower end of the rod 26 on a very short portion, equivalent to a turn.
• a plunger tube 34 forming a concrete injection conduit extends longitudinally inside the tubular rod 26.
• the inlet of the dip tube 34, projecting from the upper end of the tubular rod 26, is fixed to a support platform 36 mounted on the carriage 20.
• the inlet of the tube is also connected, by a rotating connection 38, to a concrete supply line 40 connected to concrete storage and pumping means 42, in particular a concrete pump fed by a router.
• the structure and operation of the plunger tube 34 are well known from FR 2 566 813.
• the tube 34 is slidably mounted inside the tubular rod 26, between a first position or retracted position illustrated in particular in FIGS. 4A and 6A, and a second position or extended position as illustrated in FIGS. 4B and 6B.
• the longitudinal translation of the plunger tube 34 with respect to the tubular rod 26 is for example carried out by means of a jack 44 mounted between the rotation head 22 and the support platform 36 of the plunger tube 34, as illustrated in FIG. 7.
• the rod 26 and the dip tube 34 comprise complementary means for securing them in rotation.
• the tube 34 On its lower part, the tube 34 is provided with lateral openings 46a, 46b forming concrete injection orifices.
• lower part is meant here its lower half, usually an axial portion extending from its lower end on a length less than 5% of its total axial length.
• the dip tube 34 In its retracted position, the dip tube 34 is contained inside the tubular rod 26. Its lateral openings 46a, 46b are closed by the tubular rod 26.
• the tubular rod 26 is raised while the plunger tube 34 remains in position. in the ground.
• the dip tube 34 is then in the deployed position: its lower portion, carrying the lateral openings 46a, 46b, is outside the tubular rod 26. Concrete introduced by the upper end of the drilling and concreting tool 18, can be injected into the ground S by these lateral openings 46a, 46b.
• the cutting tool 50 comprises two substantially identical lateral cutting members 52a, 52b disposed on either side of the central core 24.
• a first lateral cutter 52a is attached to the lower end of the first blade 30, and a second lateral cutter 52b is attached to the lower end of the second blade 32, the two cutters 52a, 52b are extending generally in the same radial direction of the tooling 18.
• Each lateral cutting member 52a, 52b comprises a tooth support 54 extending from the periphery of the tubular stem in a substantially radial direction, said main direction Ba, Bb of the cutting member 52.
• Each cutting member further comprises a series of cutting teeth 56 projecting from its support 54, distributed in said main direction and oriented substantially in the cutting direction and downwards.
• the teeth 56 are arranged next to each other, in a row, and evenly distributed on the tooth support.
• the cutting tool 50 further comprises a central cutting member 58 integral with the plunger tube 34, disposed below the lateral openings 46a, 46b of the latter, and which also comprises a plurality of teeth 60.
• the drilling and concreting tooling 18 makes it possible to inject a pressurized treatment fluid into the soil S in the vicinity of the cutting tool 50.
• the drilling machine 10 comprises a process fluid supply duct 64, itself connected to means for storing and pumping the treatment fluid. on the ground 66, and intended to feed the treatment fluid injection circuit 90.
• the two diametrically opposite fluid supply ports 62a, 62b are positioned to face the concrete injection ports 46a, 46b of the dip tube 34 when the tube 34 is in its retracted position (Fig. 4A).
• the treatment fluid injection circuit 90 thus communicates with the plunger tube 34, through which the fluid can be conveyed to the lower end of the tooling 18, where the openings are located. supply 62a, 62b.
• the inlet of the plunger tube is thus connected, in addition to the concrete conduit 40, to the supply fluid supply line 64 mentioned above.
• This insulation system may for example comprise a solenoid valve or a non-return valve, in particular integrated in the fluid supply line 64.
• the fluid supply orifices 62a, 62b do not constitute fluid injection orifices.
• the fluid at the outlet of each fluid supply port 62 is deflected to injection ports 76 by a fluid deflection device 70 described in more detail below.
• Each fluid deflection device here comprises a distribution housing 72 provided with an inlet 73 connected by a connecting duct 74 to the supply orifice 62.
• the housing 72 is disposed at the rear of a tooth support 54, forming a stiffener for this support 54. It is hollow, defining an interior chamber 78 delimited in part by the tooth support 54.
• the housing 72 here comprises an inclined wall 71 72, forming a deflector for the fluid.
• each tooth support 54 of the cutting tool 50 is further pierced with a plurality of through holes 76 of axes extending orthogonally to the main direction of the cutting member 52.
• the inside of the distribution housing 72 associated with the tooth support 54 communicates with each hole 76 of the support 54, each hole thus forming an injection port for the treatment fluid.
• tooling 18 is explained briefly below in connection with FIGS. 6A and 6B.
• the drilling and concreting tool 18 is lowered into the ground S while rotating. It is so to speak “screwed" into the ground.
• the cutting direction C of the tooling is defined as the direction of rotation of the tooling during drilling (see FIGS. 3 and 6A in particular).
• the soil S is cut by the cutting tool 50.
• the cuttings D fill the inter-turn space of the blade 30.
• the treatment fluid is injected into the concrete injection pipe 34, and conveyed to the fluid supply ports 62.
• the dip tube 34 is advantageously enclosed by a seal 80 carried by the tubular rod 26 and intended to seal with said rod 26.
• the treatment fluid circulates through the duct 74, enters the distribution housing 72, where it is deflected by the ramp 71, and then escapes through the orifices.
• the fluid flows in a direction substantially tangential to the central core 24 while being oriented in the cutting direction.
• the injection ports 76 being distributed in the main direction of the cutting member, the fluid flow sweeps the entire extent of said member.
• the cuttings covering the cutting surface are guided upwards between the turns of the helical blade 30.
• the soil S becomes lighter and generates less friction with the tooling than the rough terrain.
• the couple The rotation of the tooling 18 is therefore limited, improving the efficiency of the perforation.
• a concrete pile 100 is finally obtained, after hardening of the concrete.
• the fluid injection circuit can be fed independently of the concrete injection circuit, by a separate supply line.
• the concrete injection pipe may be constituted by the tubular stem itself, or by a fixed duct extending inside said tubular stem.
• the concrete injection port may open axially to the lower end of the central core and be, during the drilling operation , closed by means of a removable cap.
• the deflection device may be omitted.
• the fluid is injected directly into the soil as it leaves the central core.
• the deflection device may also be in the form of a simple pipe (possibly divided into several pipes), connected to the fluid supply orifice and shaped and oriented to deflect the fluid in the most suitable direction, in particular towards the front of the cutting tool (in the cutting direction) or towards the cutting tool itself.
• FIG. 8 A deflection device according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 8. All elements identical or similar to those described above retain, in this figure, the same reference numerals, and are not described again.
• the deflection device 70 always comprises a housing 72 disposed at the rear of a tooth support 74, connected to a fluid supply orifice 62.
• a longitudinal opening 86 extending in the main direction of the cutting member 52 is formed in the housing 72, particularly in its inclined wall 71 forming a deflector for the fluid.
• the fluid F from the housing 72 is thus injected at the rear of the cutting teeth 76 flowing in the cutting direction. Due to the elongate profile of the opening 86, the fluid flow furthermore scans the entire extent of the cutting member 52, and the cutting surface Se.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)
• Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-03-21 FR FR1452403A patent/FR3018834B1/fr active Active
• 2015
  • 2015-03-18 WO PCT/FR2015/050659 patent/WO2015140468A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2015-03-18 HU HUE15715343 patent/HUE044288T2/hu unknown
  • 2015-03-18 ES ES15715343T patent/ES2728132T3/es active Active
  • 2015-03-18 EP EP15715343.8A patent/EP3119939B1/fr active Active

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