WO2015133004A1 - アルミニウム合金線材、アルミニウム合金撚線、被覆電線、ワイヤーハーネス、並びにアルミニウム合金線材の製造方法およびアルミニウム合金線材の測定方法 - Google Patents
アルミニウム合金線材、アルミニウム合金撚線、被覆電線、ワイヤーハーネス、並びにアルミニウム合金線材の製造方法およびアルミニウム合金線材の測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0016—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for heat treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0036—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/02—Single bars, rods, wires, or strips
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/08—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/0045—Cable-harnesses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
- H01R11/11—End pieces or tapping pieces for wires, supported by the wire and for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal or conductive member
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum alloy wire, an aluminum alloy twisted wire, a covered electric wire, a wire harness, a method for producing an aluminum alloy wire, and a method for measuring an aluminum alloy wire used as a conductor of an electric wiring body. Even when it is used as an extra fine wire of 5 mm or less, it relates to an aluminum alloy wire having a small 0.2% yield strength with respect to the tensile strength while ensuring a well-balanced tensile strength, elongation and electrical conductivity.
- an electric wiring body of a moving body such as an automobile, a train, an aircraft, or an electric wiring body of an industrial robot
- a terminal made of copper or a copper alloy for example, brass
- a so-called wire harness member equipped with a connector has been used.
- the performance and functionality of automobiles have been rapidly advanced, and as a result, the number of various electric devices and control devices mounted on the vehicle has increased, and these devices are used in these devices.
- the means for achieving such weight reduction of the moving body for example, it is considered to replace the conductor of the electric wiring body with a lighter aluminum or aluminum alloy instead of the conventionally used copper or copper alloy. It is being advanced.
- the specific gravity of aluminum is about 1/3 of the specific gravity of copper
- the electrical conductivity of aluminum is about 2/3 of the electrical conductivity of copper (pure aluminum is about 66% IACS when pure copper is used as a standard of 100% IACS).
- the cross-sectional area of the aluminum conductor wire needs to be about 1.5 times the cross-sectional area of the copper conductor wire.
- the above% IACS represents the electrical conductivity when the resistivity 1.7241 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 ⁇ m of universal standard annealed copper (International Annealed Copper Standard) is 100% IACS.
- pure aluminum wires represented by aluminum alloy wires for power transmission lines are generally inferior in tensile durability, impact resistance, bending characteristics, and the like. For this reason, for example, a load that is unexpectedly applied by an operator or industrial equipment during installation to the vehicle body, a tension at a crimping portion at a connection portion between an electric wire and a terminal, or a load at a bending portion such as a door portion. It cannot withstand stress.
- materials alloyed by adding various additive elements can increase the tensile strength, it causes a decrease in conductivity due to the solid solution phenomenon of the additive elements in aluminum, and excessive metal in the aluminum.
- the intermetallic compound By forming the intermetallic compound, disconnection due to the intermetallic compound may occur during wire drawing. Therefore, by limiting or selecting the additive element, it is essential that the element has sufficient elongation characteristics so as not to be disconnected, and it is necessary to ensure the conventional level of electrical conductivity and tensile strength.
- a high-strength aluminum alloy wire for example, an aluminum alloy wire containing Mg and Si is known, and a typical example of the aluminum alloy wire is a 6000 series aluminum alloy (Al—Mg—Si based alloy) wire.
- the 6000 series aluminum alloy wire can be strengthened by subjecting it to a solution treatment and an aging treatment.
- high strength can be achieved by solution treatment and aging treatment, but the yield strength (0.2% yield strength) As a result, a large force is required for plastic deformation, and the mounting efficiency to the vehicle body tends to decrease.
- Patent Document 1 A conventional 6000 series aluminum alloy wire used for an electric wiring body of a moving body is described in Patent Document 1, for example.
- the aluminum alloy wire described in Patent Document 1 is an ultrathin wire, and realizes an aluminum alloy wire that has high strength and high electrical conductivity and is excellent in elongation.
- Patent Document 1 describes that good electrical conductivity, tensile strength, and elongation can be obtained by refining the crystal grain size, etc., but also discloses and suggests both high strength and low proof stress. Absent.
- the object of the present invention is to achieve a tensile strength (TS) of 0. 10% while ensuring a well-balanced tensile strength, elongation and conductivity even when used as an ultrafine wire having a strand diameter of 0.5 mm or less.
- TS tensile strength
- the present inventors Based on the premise of using an aluminum alloy containing Mg and Si, the present inventors have secured a well-balanced tensile strength, elongation, and electrical conductivity by controlling the predetermined component composition and the manufacturing process. In contrast, the present inventors have found that an aluminum alloy wire having a 0.2% proof stress can be obtained, and have completed the present invention. Furthermore, it has been found that the mechanism of the present invention involves the generation of solute atom clusters, and the invention can be defined by the presence of the solute atom clusters.
- the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. (1) Mg: 0.1 to 1.0 mass%, Si: 0.1 to 1.2 mass%, Fe: 0.01 to 1.40 mass%, Ti: 0.000 to 0.100 mass% , B: 0.000 to 0.030 mass%, Cu: 0.00 to 1.00 mass%, Ag: 0.00 to 0.50 mass%, Au: 0.00 to 0.50 mass%, Mn : 0.00 to 1.00% by mass, Cr: 0.00 to 1.00% by mass, Zr: 0.00 to 0.50% by mass, Hf: 0.00 to 0.50% by mass, V: 0 0.00 to 0.50 mass%, Sc: 0.00 to 0.50 mass%, Co: 0.00 to 0.50 mass%, Ni: 0.00 to 0.50 mass%, the balance: Al and inevitable It is an impurity and has a composition with an Mg / Si mass ratio of 0.4 to 0.8, a tensile strength of 200 MPa or more, an elongation of 13% or more, and a conductivity of 4
- the aluminum alloy wire according to the above (1) or (2) which contains seeds or more.
- the above (1), wherein the total content of Fe, Ti, B, Cu, Ag, Au, Mn, Cr, Zr, Hf, V, Sc, Co, and Ni is 0.01 to 2.00% by mass.
- the aluminum alloy wire according to any one of (1) to (5) above which is an aluminum alloy wire having a strand diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
- a wire harness comprising the covered electric wire according to (8) above and a terminal attached to an end of the covered electric wire from which the covering layer is removed.
- a method for producing an aluminum alloy wire in which a rough drawn wire is formed through hot working after melting and casting, and thereafter at least each step of wire drawing, solution heat treatment, and aging heat treatment is performed.
- the heat treatment is performed by heating to a predetermined temperature within the range of 450 to 540 ° C. at a rate of temperature increase of 100 ° C./s or more and holding within 30 seconds, and then at least 10 ° C./s to a temperature of at least 150 ° C.
- the aging heat treatment is performed at a temperature rising temperature of 0.5 to 130 ° C./min and heating to a predetermined temperature within a range of 20 to 150 ° C.
- the manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy wire in any one of.
- Aluminum alloy wire characterized in that it has an endothermic peak equivalent to.
- the maximum calorie within the range of 150 to 200 ° C. is defined as the reference calorie, and the reference calorie and the calorific value of the endothermic peak corresponding to the dissolution of the solute atom clusters within the range of 150 to 250 ° C.
- the maximum heat amount in the range of 150 to 200 ° C. is defined as the reference heat amount, and the reference heat amount and the heat amount of the exothermic peak corresponding to the formation of the ⁇ ′′ phase in the range of 200 to 350 ° C.
- the chemical composition contains one or two selected from the group consisting of Ti: 0.001 to 0.100 mass% and B: 0.001 to 0.030 mass%.
- the chemical composition is Cu: 0.01 to 1.00% by mass, Ag: 0.01 to 0.50% by mass, Au: 0.01 to 0.50% by mass, Mn: 0.01 to 1.00% by mass, Cr: 0.01-1.00% by mass, Zr: 0.01-0.50% by mass, Hf: 0.01-0.50% by mass, V: 0.01-0.
- the aluminum alloy wire according to any one of (11) to (17) above, which contains two or more types and has an average crystal grain size of 1/3 or less of the wire diameter.
- Tensile strength is 200 MPa or more, elongation is 13% or more, conductivity is 45% IACS or more, and 0.2% proof stress (YS) to tensile strength (TS) ratio (YS / TS) is 0.7 or less.
- a wire harness comprising the covered electric wire according to (23) and a terminal attached to an end of the covered electric wire from which the covering layer is removed.
- the solution heat treatment is performed by heating at a temperature increase rate of 10 ° C./s or higher to a predetermined temperature within a range of 450 to 600 ° C., and then cooling to a temperature of at least 150 ° C. at an average cooling rate of 10 ° C./s or higher.
- the aging heat treatment is performed by heating at a temperature rising temperature of 0.5 to 130 ° C./min to a predetermined temperature within a range of 20 to 150 ° C. Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy wire.
- the aluminum alloy wire of the present invention even when used as an ultrafine wire having a strand diameter of 0.5 mm or less, while ensuring a balanced tensile strength, elongation and conductivity, Providing an aluminum alloy wire, an aluminum alloy twisted wire, a covered electric wire, a wire harness used as a conductor of an electric wiring body with a reduced 0.2% proof stress (YS) against tensile strength (TS), and an aluminum alloy wire It is possible to provide a manufacturing method.
- Such an aluminum alloy wire of the present invention is useful as a battery cable, a harness or a conductor for a motor mounted on a moving body, or a wiring body for an industrial robot.
- the aluminum alloy wire of the present invention has a moderately high tensile strength, it is possible to make the wire diameter thinner than that of a conventional wire.
- An aluminum alloy wire serving as an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “this embodiment”) has Mg: 0.10 to 1.00 mass%, Si: 0.10 to 1.20 mass%, Fe: 0.01 to 1.40 mass%, Ti: 0.000 to 0.100 mass%, B: 0.000 to 0.030 mass%, Cu: 0.00 to 1.00 mass%, Ag: 0.00 to 0.00.
- Au 50% by mass
- Mn 0.00 to 1.00% by mass
- Cr 0.00 to 1.00% by mass
- Zr 0.00 to 0.50% by mass %
- Hf 0.00 to 0.50 mass%
- V 0.00 to 0.50 mass%
- Sc 0.00 to 0.50 mass%
- Co 0.00 to 0.50 mass%
- Ni 0.00 to 0.50% by mass
- balance Al and inevitable impurities, tensile strength of 250 MPa or more, elongation There more than 13%, an aluminum alloy wire, wherein the electrical conductivity is 47% IACS, and a ratio of 0.2% proof stress for the intensity is 0.7 or less.
- the aluminum alloy wire of the present embodiment has Mg: 0.10 to 1.00% by mass, Si: 0.10 to 1.20% by mass, Fe: 0.01 to 0.70% by mass, Ti: 0 .000 to 0.100 mass%, B: 0.000 to 0.030 mass%, Cu: 0.00 to 1.00 mass%, Ag: 0.00 to 0.50 mass%, Au: 0.00 To 0.50 mass%, Mn: 0.00 to 1.00 mass%, Cr: 0.00 to 1.00 mass%, Zr: 0.00 to 0.50 mass%, Hf: 0.00 to 0 50 mass%, V: 0.00 to 0.50 mass%, Sc: 0.00 to 0.50 mass%, Co: 0.00 to 0.50 mass%, Ni: 0.00 to 0.50 % By mass, balance: Al and inevitable impurities, Mg / Si mass ratio of 0.4 to 0.8, and solute atom class An aluminum alloy wire over exists.
- a solute atom cluster is an aggregate formed by aggregation of solute atoms.
- a cluster such as a Si—Si cluster or a Mg—Si cluster is generated.
- Chemical composition ⁇ Mg: 0.10 to 1.00% by mass> Mg (magnesium) has an effect of strengthening by dissolving in an aluminum base material, and a part of it precipitates together with Si as a ⁇ ′′ phase (beta double prime phase) to improve tensile strength.
- Mg—Si cluster is formed as a solute atom cluster, it is an element having an effect of improving the tensile strength and elongation, however, when the Mg content is less than 0.10% by mass, the above-mentioned effects are obtained.
- the Mg content exceeds 1.00% by mass, the possibility of forming an Mg-concentrated portion at the grain boundary increases, and the tensile strength and elongation decrease, and the yield strength increases and the handling is increased.
- the conductivity decreases as the solid solution amount of the Mg element increases, so the Mg content is set to 0.10 to 1.00% by mass.
- the content is preferably 0.50 to 1.00% by mass when high strength is important, and is preferably 0.10 to 0.50% by mass when conductivity is important. From this point of view, the total content is preferably 0.30 to 0.70% by mass.
- Si has a function of strengthening by dissolving in an aluminum base material, and a part thereof precipitates together with Mg as a ⁇ ′′ phase and the like, and has an action of improving tensile strength and bending fatigue resistance.
- Si is an element that has the effect of improving tensile strength and elongation when Mg-Si clusters or Si-Si clusters are formed as solute atom clusters. If the Si content is less than 0.10% by mass, When the above-mentioned effects are insufficient and the Si content exceeds 1.00% by mass, the possibility of forming a Si-concentrated portion at the crystal grain boundary increases, and the tensile strength and elongation decrease, and the proof stress In addition, the electrical conductivity is reduced by increasing the solid solution amount of the Si element, so that the Si content is 0.10 to 1.20% by mass.
- the amount is preferably 0.50 to 1.00% by mass when emphasizing high strength, and is preferably 0.10 to 0.50% by mass when emphasizing conductivity. From such a viewpoint, the total content is preferably 0.30 to 0.70% by mass.
- Fe is an element that contributes to refinement of crystal grains and mainly improves tensile strength by forming an Al—Fe-based intermetallic compound. Fe can only dissolve at 0.05% by mass in Al at 655 ° C. and is even less at room temperature. Therefore, the remaining Fe that cannot be dissolved in Al is Al—Fe, Al—Fe—Si, Al—Fe. -Crystallizes or precipitates as an intermetallic compound such as Si-Mg. This intermetallic compound contributes to the refinement of crystal grains and improves the tensile strength. Moreover, Fe has the effect
- the Fe content is 0.01 to 1.40% by mass, preferably 0.15 to 0.70% by mass, and more preferably 0.15 to 0.45% by mass.
- the aluminum alloy wire of the present invention contains Mg, Si and Fe as essential components, but if necessary, one or two selected from the group consisting of Ti and B, Cu , Ag, Au, Mn, Cr, Zr, Hf, V, Sc, Co, and Ni can be included.
- Ti 0.001 to 0.100 mass%>
- Ti is an element having an effect of refining the structure of the ingot at the time of melt casting. If the structure of the ingot is coarse, the ingot cracking in the casting or disconnection occurs in the wire processing step, which is not industrially desirable.
- the Ti content is set to 0.001 to 0.100 mass%, preferably 0.005 to 0.050 mass%, more preferably 0.005 to 0.030 mass%.
- ⁇ B: 0.001 to 0.030 mass%> B is an element that has the effect of refining the structure of the ingot during melt casting. A coarse ingot structure is not industrially desirable because it tends to cause ingot cracking and disconnection in the wire processing step during casting.
- the B content is 0.001 to 0.030 mass%, preferably 0.001 to 0.020 mass%, more preferably 0.001 to 0.010 mass%.
- ⁇ Cu 0.01 to 1.00% by mass>, ⁇ Ag: 0.01 to 0.50% by mass>, ⁇ Au: 0.01 to 0.50% by mass>, ⁇ Mn: 0.01 to 1 .00 mass%, ⁇ Cr: 0.01 to 1.00 mass%> and ⁇ Zr: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%>, ⁇ Hf: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%>, ⁇ V : 0.01 to 0.50 mass%, ⁇ Sc: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%>, ⁇ Co: 0.01 to 0.50 mass%> ⁇ Ni: 0.01 to 0.50 mass% %> 1 type or 2 types or more.
- Cu, Ag, Au, Mn, Cr, Zr, Hf, V, Sc, Co, and Ni are all elements that refine the crystal grains and suppress the generation of abnormal coarse grains.
- Ag and Au are elements that also have the effect of increasing the grain boundary strength by precipitating at the grain boundaries. If at least one of these elements is contained in an amount of 0.01% by mass or more, the above-described effects are obtained. And tensile strength and elongation can be improved. On the other hand, if any of the contents of Cu, Ag, Au, Mn, Cr, Zr, Hf, V, Sc, Co and Ni exceeds the above upper limit values, the compound containing the element becomes coarse.
- the ranges of the contents of Cu, Ag, Au, Mn, Cr, Zr, Hf, V, Sc, Co, and Ni are set to the above ranges, respectively.
- the Ni content is more preferably 0.05 to 0.3% by mass.
- the total content of these elements is preferably 2.00% by mass or less. Since Fe is an essential element in the aluminum alloy wire of the present invention, the total content of Fe, Ti, B, Cu, Ag, Au, Mn, Cr, Zr, Hf, V, Sc, Co and Ni is 0.01 to 2.00% by mass. The content of these elements is more preferably 0.10 to 2.00% by mass. However, when these elements are added alone, the larger the content, the more the compound containing the elements tends to become coarser, which deteriorates the wire drawing workability and easily causes disconnection. In the element, the content range is as defined above.
- Fe, Ti, B, Cu, Ag, Au, Mn, Cr, Zr, Hf, V, Sc can be used to moderately reduce the tensile strength, elongation, and yield strength for tensile strength while maintaining high conductivity.
- the total content of Co and Ni is particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.80% by mass, and more preferably 0.05 to 0.60% by mass.
- the conductivity is slightly reduced, but in order to further reduce the yield strength against tensile strength, elongation, and tensile strength, it is particularly preferably more than 0.80 to 2.00% by mass, and 1.00 to 2. More preferably, it is 00% by mass.
- Al and inevitable impurities The balance other than the components described above is Al (aluminum) and inevitable impurities.
- the inevitable impurities referred to here mean impurities in a content level that can be unavoidably included in the manufacturing process. Depending on the content of the inevitable impurities, it may be a factor for reducing the electrical conductivity. Therefore, it is preferable to suppress the content of the inevitable impurities to some extent in consideration of the decrease in the electrical conductivity. Examples of components listed as inevitable impurities include Ga, Zn, Bi, Pb, and the like.
- the ratio of Mg content (mass%) to Si content (mass%) (referred to as Mg / Si mass ratio) is 0.4 to 0.8%.
- Mg / Si mass ratio is 0.4 to 0.8, the number of solute atom clusters is increased by aging treatment, and tensile strength and elongation are improved. In terms of electrical conductivity, the solute atom clusters tend to be slightly reduced.
- the composition of the present embodiment ensures a sufficient electrical conductivity of the parent phase, and there is no problem.
- the 0.2% yield strength is generally said to increase as the tensile strength increases, but the effect can be suppressed by the presence of solute atomic clusters.
- the solute atom clusters will be sufficient. Cannot be generated.
- the aluminum alloy wire of the present invention includes [1] melting, [2] casting, [3] hot working (groove roll machining, etc.), [4] first wire drawing, [5] first heat treatment (intermediate heat treatment). , [6] Second wire drawing, [7] Second heat treatment (solution heat treatment), and [8] Third heat treatment (aging heat treatment). .
- a step of forming a stranded wire or a step of coating a wire with a resin may be provided before or after the second heat treatment or after the aging heat treatment. The steps [1] to [8] will be described below.
- [1] Melting Melting is performed by adjusting the amount of each component so that the above-described aluminum alloy composition is obtained.
- the molten metal is cast with a water-cooled mold and continuously rolled.
- the cooling rate during casting at this time is preferably 1 to 20 ° C./s from the viewpoint of preventing coarsening of the Fe-based crystallized product and preventing decrease in conductivity due to forced dissolution of Fe. It is not limited.
- Casting and hot rolling may be performed by billet casting or extrusion.
- the degree of work ⁇ is preferably in the range of 1-6.
- the degree of work ⁇ is less than 1, the recrystallized grains are coarsened during the heat treatment in the next step, the tensile strength and elongation are remarkably reduced, and there is a risk of disconnection.
- First heat treatment Next, a first heat treatment is performed on the cold-drawn workpiece.
- the first heat treatment of the present invention is performed in order to restore the flexibility of the workpiece and improve the wire drawing workability. If the wire drawing workability is sufficient and disconnection does not occur, the first heat treatment may not be performed.
- the working degree ⁇ is preferably in the range of 1 to 6.
- the degree of work ⁇ affects the formation and growth of recrystallized grains. If the degree of work ⁇ is less than 1, the recrystallized grains tend to be coarsened during the heat treatment in the next step, and the tensile strength and elongation tend to be significantly reduced. This is because it tends to cause problems in terms of quality, such as disconnection during wire drawing. In addition, when not performing 1st heat processing, you may perform 1st wire drawing and 2nd wire drawing continuously.
- Second heat treatment (solution heat treatment) A second heat treatment is applied to the drawn workpiece.
- the second heat treatment of the present invention is a solution heat treatment performed in order to dissolve a randomly contained Mg and Si compound in the aluminum matrix.
- the solution treatment can smoothen (homogenize) the concentrated portion of Mg or Si during processing, leading to suppression of grain boundary segregation of the compound of Mg and Si after the final aging heat treatment.
- the second heat treatment is performed by heating to a predetermined temperature within a range of 450 to 600 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 100 ° C./s or more, holding the holding time within 30 seconds, and then a temperature of at least 150 ° C.
- the predetermined temperature during heating in the second heat treatment is in the range of 450 to 600 ° C., and varies depending on the Mg and Si contents, but is preferably in the range of 450 to 540 ° C., more preferably 480 to 520 ° C.
- the method of performing the second heat treatment may be, for example, batch annealing, a salt bath (salt bath), continuous heat treatment such as high-frequency heating, electric heating, or running heat.
- the wire temperature usually rises as time passes because it is structured to keep current flowing through the wire. For this reason, if the current is kept flowing, the wire may be melted. Therefore, it is necessary to perform heat treatment in an appropriate time range.
- the temperature of the running annealing furnace is usually set higher than the wire temperature. Since heat treatment for a long time may cause the wire to melt, it is necessary to perform the heat treatment in an appropriate time range. Further, in all heat treatments, a predetermined time or more for dissolving Mg and Si compounds randomly contained in the workpiece into the aluminum matrix is required. Hereinafter, heat treatment by each method will be described.
- the continuous heat treatment by high frequency heating is a heat treatment by Joule heat generated from the wire itself by an induced current as the wire continuously passes through a magnetic field by high frequency. It includes a rapid heating and rapid cooling process, and the wire can be heat-treated under control of the wire temperature and heat treatment time. Cooling is performed by passing the wire continuously in water or in a nitrogen gas atmosphere after rapid heating.
- This heat treatment time is 0.01 to 2 s, preferably 0.05 to 1 s, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 s.
- the continuous energization heat treatment is a heat treatment by Joule heat generated from the wire itself by passing an electric current through the wire passing continuously through the two electrode wheels. It includes a rapid heating and rapid cooling process, and the wire can be heat-treated under control of the wire temperature and heat treatment time. Cooling is performed by passing the wire continuously through water, air, or a nitrogen gas atmosphere after rapid heating. This heat treatment time is 0.01 to 2 s, preferably 0.05 to 1 s, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 s.
- the continuous running heat treatment is a heat treatment in which a wire continuously passes through a heat treatment furnace maintained at a high temperature.
- Heat treatment can be performed by controlling the temperature in the heat treatment furnace and the heat treatment time, including rapid heating and rapid cooling processes. Cooling is performed by passing the wire continuously through water, air, or a nitrogen gas atmosphere after rapid heating. This heat treatment time is preferably 0.5 to 30 s.
- the solution formation is incomplete and the solute atomic clusters, ⁇ ′′ phase and Mg 2 Si precipitates generated during the aging heat treatment in the subsequent process are not present.
- partial melting (eutectic melting) of the compound phase in the aluminum alloy wire occurs, the tensile strength and elongation decrease, and breakage tends to occur during handling of the conductor.
- This third heat treatment is an aging heat treatment performed for generating solute atomic clusters.
- the heating temperature in the aging heat treatment is preferably 20 to 150 ° C. If the heating temperature is less than 20 ° C., the formation of solute atomic clusters is slow and it takes time to obtain the required tensile strength and elongation, which is disadvantageous in terms of mass production. When the heating temperature is higher than 150 ° C., a large amount of Mg 2 Si needle-like precipitates ( ⁇ ′′ phase) are formed which reduce the amount of solute atom clusters and lower the elongation.
- a temperature of 20 to 70 ° C. is preferable.
- the ⁇ ′′ phase is also precipitated at the same time, and the balance between tensile strength and elongation is preferably 100 to 125 ° C.
- the heating time varies depending on the temperature. Heating is preferable for improving tensile strength and elongation and reducing 0.2% proof stress for tensile strength, for example, within 10 days for long-time heating, and preferably for 15 hours or less for short-time heating. More preferably, it is 8 hours or less In the aging heat treatment, it is preferable to increase the cooling rate as much as possible in order to prevent variation in characteristics. Even if it exists, if it is an aging condition in which the production
- the wire diameter is not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined according to the application, but in the case of a thin wire, 0.1 to 0.5 mm ⁇ , in the case of a medium thin wire 0.8 to 1.5 mm ⁇ is preferable.
- the aluminum alloy wire of this embodiment is one of the advantages that it can be used as an aluminum alloy wire by thinning it with a single wire, but it can also be used as an aluminum alloy twisted wire obtained by bundling a plurality of wires, Among the steps [1] to [8] constituting the production method of the present invention, after the aluminum alloy wire materials obtained by sequentially performing the steps [1] to [6] are bundled and twisted, 7] Steps of second heat treatment and [8] aging heat treatment may be performed.
- homogenization heat treatment As an additional process, it is possible to perform a homogenization heat treatment as performed by a conventional method after continuous casting and rolling. Homogenization heat treatment can disperse the added elements uniformly, and it becomes easy to generate solute atomic clusters and ⁇ ”precipitate phases in the crystallized product and the subsequent third heat treatment. It is possible to obtain a more stable improvement in the yield strength against the strength.
- the homogenization heat treatment is preferably performed at a heating temperature of 450 ° C. to 600 ° C., more preferably 500 to 600 ° C. Further, the homogenization heat treatment is performed.
- the cooling in is preferably performed at an average cooling rate of 0.1 to 10 ° C./min in that a uniform compound is easily obtained.
- the tensile strength is 200 MPa or more, preferably 250 MPa or more, and more preferably 270 MPa or more in consideration of the impact applied when the wire harness is assembled. Further, the elongation is 13% or more, preferably 15% or more.
- the conductivity is 47% IACS or more, preferably 48% IACS or more.
- the ratio (YS / TS) of 0.2% proof stress (YS) and tensile strength (TS) is set to 0.7 or less. Further, the average crystal grain size of the crystal grains is 1/3 or less of the wire diameter.
- the aluminum alloy wire of the present embodiment can be used as an aluminum alloy wire or an aluminum alloy stranded wire obtained by twisting a plurality of aluminum alloy wires, and further an aluminum alloy wire or an aluminum alloy stranded wire. It can also be used as a covered electric wire having a covering layer on the outer periphery, and in addition, as a wire harness (assembled electric wire) comprising a covered electric wire and a terminal attached to the end of the covered electric wire from which the covering layer has been removed It is also possible to use it.
- a wire harness assembled electric wire
- Example 1 Mg, Si, Fe, Ni and Al, and selectively added Ti, B, Mn, Cr are charged into a Properti-type continuous casting and rolling mill so as to have the contents (mass%) shown in Table 1,
- the molten metal constituted by melting these raw materials was rolled while being continuously cast with a water-cooled mold in the continuous casting and rolling mill to obtain a bar of about 9.5 mm ⁇ .
- the cooling rate during casting at this time was about 15 ° C./s. This was subjected to the first wire drawing so that a predetermined degree of processing was obtained.
- a first heat treatment was performed on the processed material subjected to the first wire drawing, and a second wire drawing was performed to a wire diameter of 0.31 mm ⁇ .
- the second heat treatment was performed under the conditions shown in Table 2.
- the wire temperature was measured by winding a thermocouple around the wire.
- the wire temperature in the vicinity of the heat treatment section exit was measured.
- an aging heat treatment was performed under the conditions shown in Table 2 to produce an aluminum alloy wire.
- the elongation was determined to be 13% or more.
- the ratio of the proof stress to the tensile strength (0.2% proof stress) was set to less than 0.5 as an acceptable level in order to improve the efficiency of the mounting work on the vehicle body.
- A is a tensile strength of 250 MPa or more and 0.2% yield strength (YS) / tensile strength (TS) of less than 0.5
- B is a tensile strength of 200 MPa or more and 0.2% yield strength /
- the tensile strength is less than 0.5
- “C” indicates that the tensile strength is 200 MPa or more and the 0.2% proof stress / tensile strength is 0.7 or less.
- C Analysis / Measurement Method of Solute Atomic Cluster and ⁇ ′′ Phase Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed to obtain a DSC curve as shown in FIG. 1 in a predetermined temperature range (0 to 400 ° C.). A point on the curve showing the highest amount of heat in the range of 150 to 200 ° C.
- the point Pmax showing the highest peak with respect to the straight line representing the reference heat quantity V0 was obtained (temperature T2; V2), and the absolute value
- this absolute value is 50 ⁇ W / g or more and 1000 ⁇ W / g or less, preferably 500 ⁇ W / g or less, a ⁇ ′′ phase sufficient to satisfy the above-described characteristics of the present embodiment is generated. It was judged.
- predetermined tensile strength is ensured by being 1000 ⁇ W / g or less, preferably 500 ⁇ W / g or less.
- solute atom clusters and ⁇ ′′ phase were measured using a DSC analyzer (manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., Ltd., apparatus name “X-DSC7000”), a heat flow rate method, a sample amount of 5 to 20 mg, and a temperature increase. Measurement and analysis were performed at a speed of 10 to 40 ° C./min.
- the aluminum alloy wires of Examples 1 to 33 all had well-balanced tensile strength, elongation, and electrical conductivity, and were excellent in yield strength against tensile strength (0.2% yield strength).
- Si is 0.10 to 1.20 mass%, and solute atomic clusters are generated by low temperature aging heat treatment.
- a tensile strength of 200 MPa or more, 0.2% proof stress / tensile strength of 0.7 or less, elongation of 13% or more, and conductivity of 45% IACS were achieved.
- Si is set to 0.10 to 1.20% by mass, and the amount of solute atom clusters generated is increased by low-temperature aging heat treatment, so that 0.2 % Proof stress / tensile strength of 0.5 or less was achieved.
- Si is set to 0.10 to 1.20 mass%, the amount of solute atom clusters and ⁇ ′′ phase generated is controlled by low temperature aging heat treatment, and By adding the additive element, a tensile strength of 250 MPa or more and 0.2% proof stress / tensile strength of less than 0.5 were achieved.
- the aluminum alloy wire of Comparative Example 1 has an Mg / Si mass ratio of 1.0, a low electrical conductivity and a high 0.2% proof stress (YS) / tensile strength (TS), and the wire handling. The conductivity and conductivity were inferior.
- the aluminum alloy wire of Comparative Example 2 had an Mg / Si mass ratio of 1.29, high proof stress / tensile strength, and poor wire handling.
- the aluminum alloy wire of Comparative Example 3 had excessive Si and poor conductivity.
- Mg was excessive
- the Mg / Si mass ratio was 1.00
- the proof stress / tensile strength was high
- the wire handling property was inferior.
- the aluminum alloy wire of Comparative Example 5 had a high aging heat treatment temperature and poor elongation.
- the aluminum alloy wire of Comparative Example 6 was excessive in Fe and was broken during wire drawing.
- both Zr and V were excessive, and the elongation and conductivity were inferior.
- both Cr and Hf were excessive, and the conductivity was inferior.
- both Cu and Mn were excessive, and the conductivity was inferior.
- the aluminum alloy wire of the present invention is based on the premise that an aluminum alloy containing Mg and Si is used, and even when used as an extra fine wire having a strand diameter of 0.5 mm or less, a well-balanced tensile strength, Providing an aluminum alloy wire, an aluminum alloy twisted wire, a covered electric wire, a wire harness, which is used as a conductor of an electric wiring body, with improved elongation and conductivity, and improved electric wire handling, and manufacturing of an aluminum alloy wire It is possible to provide a method, and it is useful as a battery cable, a wire harness or a conductor for a motor mounted on a moving body, or a wiring body for an industrial robot.
- the aluminum alloy wire of the present invention has a high tensile strength, it is also possible to make the wire diameter thinner than that of a conventional electric wire, and because it has a high maneuverability, it can improve the attachment efficiency of the wire harness. it can.
- wire harnesses there is a tendency for the application of electric wires using aluminum alloy wires to expand, and in particular, this greatly contributes to the expansion of the range of application to door harnesses that require high strength and high maneuverability.
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Abstract
Description
(1)Mg:0.1~1.0質量%、Si:0.1~1.2質量%、Fe:0.01~1.40質量%、Ti:0.000~0.100質量%、B:0.000~0.030質量%、Cu:0.00~1.00質量%、Ag:0.00~0.50質量%、Au:0.00~0.50質量%、Mn:0.00~1.00質量%、Cr:0.00~1.00質量%、Zr:0.00~0.50質量%、Hf:0.00~0.50質量%、V:0.00~0.50質量%、Sc:0.00~0.50質量%、Co:0.00~0.50質量%、Ni:0.00~0.50質量%、残部:Alおよび不可避不純物であり、Mg/Si質量比が0.4~0.8である組成を有し、引張強度が200MPa以上、伸びが13%以上、導電率が47%IACS、および0.2%耐力(YS)と引張強度(TS)の比(YS/TS)が0.7以下であることを特徴とするアルミニウム合金線材。
(2)前記化学組成が、Ti:0.001~0.100質量%およびB:0.001~0.030質量%からなる群から選択された1種または2種を含有する上記(1)記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
(3)前記化学組成が、Cu:0.01~1.00質量%、Ag:0.01~0.50質量%、Au:0.01~0.50質量%、Mn:0.01~1.00質量%、Cr:0.01~1.00質量%、Zr:0.01~0.50質量%、Hf:0.01~0.50質量%、V:0.01~0.50質量%、Sc:0.01~0.50質量%、Co:0.01~0.50質量%およびNi:0.01~0.50質量%からなる群から選択された1種または2種以上を含有する上記(1)または(2)記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
(4)前記化学組成が、Ni:0.01~0.50質量%を含有する上記(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
(5)Fe、Ti、B、Cu、Ag、Au、Mn、Cr、Zr、Hf、V、Sc、Co、Niの含有量の合計が0.01~2.00質量%である上記(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
(6)素線径が0.1~0.5mmであるアルミニウム合金線である上記(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
(7)上記(6)記載のアルミニウム合金線を複数本撚り合わせて得られるアルミニウム合金撚線。
(8)上記(6)記載のアルミニウム合金線または上記(7)記載のアルミニウム合金撚線の外周に被覆層を有する被覆電線。
(9)上記(8)記載の被覆電線と、該被覆電線の、前記被覆層を除去した端部に装着された端子とを具えるワイヤーハーネス。
(10)溶解、鋳造後に、熱間加工を経て荒引線を形成し、その後、少なくとも伸線加工、溶体化熱処理および時効熱処理の各工程を行うアルミニウム合金線材の製造方法であって、前記溶体化熱処理は、昇温速度100℃/s以上で、450~540℃の範囲内の所定温度まで加熱し、保持時間30秒以内で保持し、その後、少なくとも150℃の温度までは10℃/s以上の平均冷却速度で冷却し、前記時効熱処理は、昇温温度0.5~130℃/minで、20~150℃の範囲内の所定温度まで加熱することを特徴とする、上記(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金線材の製造方法。
(11)Mg:0.10~1.00質量%、Si:0.10~1.20質量%、Fe:0.01~0.70質量%、Ti:0.000~0.100質量%、B:0.000~0.030質量%、Cu:0.00~1.00質量%、Ag:0.00~0.50質量%、Au:0.00~0.50質量%、Mn:0.00~1.00質量%、Cr:0.00~1.00質量%、Zr:0.00~0.50質量%、Hf:0.00~0.50質量%、V:0.00~0.50質量%、Sc:0.00~0.50質量%、Co:0.00~0.50質量%、Ni:0.00~0.50質量%、残部:Alおよび不可避不純物であり、Mg/Si質量比が0.4~0.8である組成を有し、かつ、溶質原子クラスターが存在することを特徴とするアルミニウム合金線材。
(12)β”相が存在することを特徴とする、上記(11)記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
(13)Mg:0.10~1.00質量%、Si:0.10~1.20質量%、Fe:0.01~0.70質量%、Ti:0.000~0.100質量%、B:0.000~0.030質量%、Cu:0.00~1.00質量%、Ag:0.00~0.50質量%、Au:0.00~0.50質量%、Mn:0.00~1.00質量%、Cr:0.00~1.00質量%、Zr:0.00~0.50質量%、Hf:0.00~0.50質量%、V:0.00~0.50質量%、Sc:0.00~0.50質量%、Co:0.00~0.50質量%、Ni:0.00~0.50質量%、残部:Alおよび不可避不純物であり、Mg/Si質量比が0.4~0.8である組成を有し、かつ、示差走査熱量曲線において溶質原子クラスターの溶解に相当する吸熱ピークを有することを特徴とするアルミニウム合金線材。
(14)示差走査熱量曲線において、150~200℃の範囲内における最大熱量を基準熱量とし、前記基準熱量と、150~250℃の範囲内における前記溶質原子クラスターの溶解に相当する吸熱ピークの熱量との差の絶対値が、1.0μW/g以上であることを特徴とする、上記(13)記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
(15)示差走査熱量曲線においてβ”相の生成に相当する発熱ピークが生じていることを特徴とする上記(13)または(14)記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
(16)示差走査熱量曲線において、150~200℃の範囲内における最大熱量を基準熱量とし、前記基準熱量と、200~350℃の範囲内における前記β”相の生成に相当する発熱ピークの熱量との差の絶対値が、1000μW/g以下であることを特徴とする、上記(15)記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
(17)前記化学組成が、Ti:0.001~0.100質量%およびB:0.001~0.030質量%からなる群から選択された1種または2種を含有することを特徴とする、上記(11)~(16)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
(18)前記化学組成が、Cu:0.01~1.00質量%、Ag:0.01~0.50質量%、Au:0.01~0.50質量%、Mn:0.01~1.00質量%、Cr:0.01~1.00質量%、Zr:0.01~0.50質量%、Hf:0.01~0.50質量%、V:0.01~0.50質量%、Sc:0.01~0.50質量%、Co:0.01~0.50質量%、およびNi:0.01~0.50質量%からなる群から選択された1種または2種以上を含有し、平均結晶粒径が線径の1/3以下であることを特徴とする、上記(11)~(17)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
(19)前記化学組成が、Ni:0.01~0.50質量%を含有する上記(11)~(18)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
(20)引張強度が200MPa以上、伸びが13%以上、導電率が45%IACS以上、および0.2%耐力(YS)と引張強度(TS)の比(YS/TS)が0.7以下であることを特徴とする上記(11)~(19)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
(21)素線の直径が0.1~0.5mmであるアルミニウム合金線である上記(11)~(20)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
(22)上記(21)記載のアルミニウム合金線を複数本撚り合わせて得られるアルミニウム合金撚線。
(23)上記(11)~(21)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金線材または上記(22)記載のアルミニウム合金撚線の外周に被覆層を有する被覆電線。
(24)上記(23)記載の被覆電線と、該被覆電線の、前記被覆層を除去した端部に装着された端子とを具えるワイヤーハーネス。
(25)溶解、鋳造、均質化熱処理後に、熱間加工を経て荒引線を形成し、その後、少なくとも伸線加工、溶体化熱処理および時効熱処理の各工程を行うアルミニウム合金線材の製造方法であって、
前記溶体化熱処理は、昇温速度10℃/s以上で、450~600℃の範囲内の所定温度まで加熱し、その後、少なくとも150℃の温度までは10℃/s以上の平均冷却速度で冷却し、
前記時効熱処理は、昇温温度0.5~130℃/minで、20~150℃の範囲内の所定温度まで加熱することを特徴とする、上記(11)~(21)のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム合金線材の製造方法。
(26)Mg:0.10~1.0質量%、Si:0.10~1.20質量%、Fe:0.01~1.40質量%、Ti:0.000~0.100質量%、B:0.000~0.030質量%、Cu:0.00~1.00質量%、Ag:0.00~0.50質量%、Au:0.00~0.50質量%、Mn:0.00~1.00質量%、Cr:0.00~1.00質量%、Zr:0.00~0.50質量%、Hf:0.00~0.50質量%、V:0.00~0.50質量%、Sc:0.00~0.50質量%、Co:0.00~0.50質量%、Ni:0.00~0.50質量%、残部:Alおよび不可避不純物であり、Mg/Si質量比が0.4~0.8である組成を有するアルミニウム合金線材の測定方法であって、
示差走査熱量曲線において、150~200℃の範囲内における最大熱量を基準熱量とし、前記基準熱量と150~250℃の範囲内での吸熱ピークに相当する最低熱量との差の絶対値をクラスター生成量と規定し、前記基準熱量と200~350℃の範囲内での発熱ピークに相当する最大熱量との差の絶対値をβ”相生成量と規定することを特徴とする、アルミニウム合金線材の測定方法。
(1)化学組成
<Mg:0.10~1.00質量%>
Mg(マグネシウム)は、アルミニウム母材中に固溶して強化する作用を有すると共に、その一部はSiと一緒にβ”相(ベータダブルプライム相)などとして析出し引張強度を向上させる作用を持つ。また、溶質原子クラスターとしてMg-Siクラスターを形成した場合は引張強度、伸びを向上させる作用を有する元素である。しかしながら、Mg含有量が0.10質量%未満だと、上記作用効果が不十分であり、また、Mg含有量が1.00質量%を超えると、結晶粒界にMg濃化部分を形成する可能性が高まり、引張強度、伸びが低下するとともに、耐力が高くなり取り回し性が低下する。また、Mg元素の固溶量が多くなることによって導電率も低下する。したがって、Mg含有量は0.10~1.00質量%とする。なお、Mg含有量は、高強度を重視する場合には0.50~1.00質量%にすることが好ましく、また、導電率を重視する場合には0.10~0.50質量%とすることが好ましく、このような観点から総合的に0.30~0.70質量%が好ましい。
Si(ケイ素)は、アルミニウム母材中に固溶して強化する作用を有すると共に、その一部はMgと一緒にβ”相などとして析出し引張強度、耐屈曲疲労特性を向上させる作用を持つ。またSiは、溶質原子クラスターとしてMg-Siクラスターや、Si-Siクラスターを形成した場合に引張強度、伸びを向上させる作用を有する元素である。Si含有量が0.10質量%未満だと、上記作用効果が不十分であり、また、Si含有量が1.00質量%を超えると、結晶粒界にSi濃化部分を形成する可能性が高まり、引張強度、伸びが低下するとともに耐力が高くなり取り回し性が低下する。また、Si元素の固溶量が多くなることによって導電率も低下する。したがって、Si含有量は0.10~1.20質量%とする。なお、Si含有量は、高強度を重視する場合には0.50~1.00質量%にすることが好ましく、また、導電率を重視する場合には0.10~0.50質量%とすることが好ましく、このような観点から総合的に0.30~0.70質量%が好ましい。
Fe(鉄)は、主にAl-Fe系の金属間化合物を形成することによって結晶粒の微細化に寄与すると共に、引張強度を向上させる元素である。Feは、Al中に655℃で0.05質量%しか固溶できず、室温では更に少ないため、Al中に固溶できない残りのFeは、Al-Fe、Al-Fe-Si、Al-Fe-Si-Mgなどの金属間化合物として晶出又は析出する。この金属間化合物は、結晶粒の微細化に寄与すると共に、引張強度を向上させる。また、Feは、Al中に固溶したFeによっても引張強度を向上させる作用を有する。Fe含有量が0.01質量%未満だと、これらの作用効果が不十分であり、また、Fe含有量が1.40質量%超えだと、晶出物または析出物の粗大化により伸線加工性が低下すると共に、耐力が上昇し取り回し性が低下する。また、耐屈曲疲労特性と導電率も低下する。したがって、Fe含有量は0.01~1.40質量%とし、好ましくは0.15~0.70質量%、更に好ましくは0.15~0.45質量%とする。
<Ti:0.001~0.100質量%>
Tiは、溶解鋳造時の鋳塊の組織を微細化する作用を有する元素である。鋳塊の組織が粗大であると、鋳造において鋳塊割れや線材加工工程において断線が発生して工業的に望ましくない。Ti含有量が0.001質量%未満であると、上記作用効果を十分に発揮することができず、また、Ti含有量が0.100質量%超えだと導電率が低下する傾向があるからである。したがって、Ti含有量は0.001~0.100質量%とし、好ましくは0.005~0.050質量%、より好ましくは0.005~0.030質量%とする。
<B:0.001~0.030質量%>
Bは、Tiと同様、溶解鋳造時の鋳塊の組織を微細化する作用を有する元素である。鋳塊の組織が粗大であると、鋳造において鋳塊割れや線材加工工程において断線が発生しやすくなるため工業的に望ましくない。B含有量が0.001質量%未満であると、上記作用効果を十分に発揮することができず、また、B含有量が0.030質量%超えだと導電率が低下する傾向がある。したがって、B含有量は0.001~0.030質量%とし、好ましくは0.001~0.020質量%、より好ましくは0.001~0.010質量%とする。
Cu、Ag、Au、Mn、Cr、Zr、Hf、V、Sc、CoおよびNiは、いずれも結晶粒を微細化する作用と異常な粗大成長粒の生成を抑制する元素であり、さらに、Cu、AgおよびAuは、粒界に析出することで粒界強度を高める作用も有する元素であって、これらの元素の少なくとも1種を0.01質量%以上含有していれば、上述した作用効果が得られ、引張強度、及び伸びを向上させることができる。一方、Cu、Ag、Au、Mn、Cr、Zr、Hf、V、Sc、CoおよびNiの含有量のいずれかが、それぞれ上記の上限値を超えると、該元素を含有する化合物が粗大になり、伸線加工性を劣化させるため、断線が生じやすく、また、導電率が低下する傾向がある。したがって、Cu、Ag、Au、Mn、Cr、Zr、Hf、V、Sc、CoおよびNiの含有量の範囲は、それぞれ上記の範囲とした。なお、この元素群の中で、特にNiを含有するのが好ましい。Niを含有すると、結晶粒微細化効果と異常粒成長抑制効果が顕著になり引張強度と伸びが向上する。また、導電率の低下と伸線加工中の断線をより抑制しやすくなる。この効果が顕著になるので、Niの含有量は0.05~0.3質量%であるのが更に好ましい。
上述した成分以外の残部はAl(アルミニウム)および不可避不純物である。ここでいう不可避不純物は、製造工程上、不可避的に含まれうる含有レベルの不純物を意味する。不可避不純物は、含有量によっては導電率を低下させる要因にもなりうるため、導電率の低下を加味して不可避不純物の含有量をある程度抑制することが好ましい。不可避不純物として挙げられる成分としては、例えば、Ga、Zn、Bi、Pbなどが挙げられる。
(本発明のアルミニウム合金線材の製造方法)
本発明のアルミニウム合金線材は、[1]溶解、[2]鋳造、[3]熱間加工(溝ロール加工など)、[4]第1伸線加工、[5]第1熱処理(中間熱処理)、[6]第2伸線加工、[7]第2熱処理(溶体化熱処理)、および[8]第3熱処理(時効熱処理)の各工程を順次行うことを含む製造方法によって製造することができる。なお、第2熱処理前後、または時効熱処理の後に、撚り線とする工程や電線に樹脂被覆を行う工程を設けてもよい。以下、[1]~[8]の工程について説明する。
溶解は、上述したアルミニウム合金組成になるように各成分の分量を調整して溶製する。
[2]鋳造および[3]熱間加工(溝ロール加工など)
次いで、鋳造輪とベルトを組み合わせたプロペルチ式の連続鋳造圧延機を用いて、溶湯を水冷した鋳型で鋳造し、連続して圧延を行い、例えば直径5~13mmφの適宜の太さの棒材とする。このときの鋳造時の冷却速度は、Fe系晶出物の粗大化の防止とFeの強制固溶による導電率低下の防止の観点から、好ましくは1~20℃/sであるが、これに制限されるものではない。鋳造及び熱間圧延は、ビレット鋳造及び押出法などにより行ってもよい。
次いで、表面の皮むきを実施して、例えば直径5~12.5mmφの適宜の太さの棒材とし、これを冷間で伸線加工する。加工度ηは、1~6の範囲であることが好ましい。ここで加工度ηは、伸線加工前の線材断面積をA0、伸線加工後の線材断面積をA1とすると、η=ln(A0/A1)で表される。加工度ηが1未満だと、次工程の熱処理時、再結晶粒が粗大化し、引張強度及び伸びが著しく低下し、断線の原因になるおそれがある。また、加工度ηが6よりも大きいと、伸線加工が困難となり、伸線加工中に断線するなど品質の面で問題を生ずるおそれがあるからである。表面の皮むきは、行うことによって表面の清浄化がなされるが、行わなくてもよい。
[5]第1熱処理(中間熱処理)
次に、冷間伸線した被加工材に第1熱処理を施す。本発明の第1熱処理は、被加工材の柔軟性を取り戻し、伸線加工性を高めるために行うものである。伸線加工性が十分であり、断線が生じなければ第1熱処理は行わなくてもよい。
上記第1熱処理の後、さらに冷間で伸線加工を施す。この際の加工度ηは1~6の範囲が好ましい。加工度ηは、再結晶粒の形成及び成長に影響を及ぼす。加工度ηが1よりも小さいと、次工程の熱処理時、再結晶粒が粗大化し、引張強度及び伸びが著しく低下する傾向があり、また、加工度ηが6よりも大きいと、伸線加工が困難となり、伸線加工中に断線するなど品質の面で問題を生ずる傾向があるからである。なお、第1熱処理を行わない場合、第1伸線加工と第2伸線加工は連続で行ってもよい。
伸線加工した加工材に第2熱処理を施す。本発明の第2熱処理は、ランダムに含有されているMgとSiの化合物をアルミニウム母相中に溶け込ませるために行う溶体化熱処理である。溶体化処理は、加工中にMgやSiの濃化部分をならす(均質化する)ことができ、最終的な時効熱処理後でのMgとSiの化合物の粒界偏析の抑制につながる。第2熱処理は、具体的には、昇温速度100℃/s以上で、450~600℃の範囲内の所定温度まで加熱し、保持時間30秒以内で保持し、その後、少なくとも150℃の温度までは10℃/s以上の平均冷却速度で冷却する熱処理である。第2熱処理における昇温速度が100℃/s未満であると結晶粒径が粗大化する。また、第2熱処理の加熱時の所定温度が540℃よりも高いと、結晶粒径が粗大化し、異常成長粒が生成し、同所定温度が450℃よりも低いと、Mg2Siを十分に固溶させることができない。したがって、第2熱処理における加熱時の所定温度は450~600℃の範囲とし、Mg、Si含有量によっても変化するが好ましくは450~540℃、より好ましくは480~520℃の範囲とする。
次いで、第3熱処理を施す。この第3熱処理は、溶質原子クラスターを生成させるために行う時効熱処理である。時効熱処理における加熱温度は、好ましくは20~150℃である。前記加熱温度が20℃未満であると、溶質原子クラスターの生成が遅く必要な引張強度と伸びを得るために時間が掛かるため量産的に不利である。また、前記加熱温度が150℃よりも高いと、溶質原子クラスターの生成量が少なくなり伸びを低下させるMg2Si針状析出物(β”相)が多数生成する。時効熱処理における加熱温度は、より伸びの向上に効果のある溶質原子クラスターを生成させるため、20~70℃が好ましい。
β”相も同時に析出させ、引張強度と伸びのバランスを取るには100~125℃が好ましい。また、加熱時間は、温度によって最適な時間が変化する。低温では長時間、高温では短時間の加熱が引張強度、伸びを向上させ、引張強度に対する0.2%耐力を小さくする上で好ましい。長時間の加熱では、例えば10日間以内であり、短時間での加熱では、好ましくは15時間以下、更に好ましくは8時間以下である。なお、時効熱処理における冷却は、特性のバラつきを防止するために、可能な限り冷却速度を速くすることが好ましい。もちろん、製造工程上、速く冷却できない場合であっても、溶質原子クラスターの生成が十分なされる時効条件であれば、適宜設定することができる。
(実施例、比較例)
Mg、Si、Fe、Ni及びAlと、選択的に添加するTi、B、Mn、Crを、表1に示す含有量(質量%)になるようにプロペルチ式の連続鋳造圧延機に投入し、それらの原料が溶けて構成された溶湯を該連続鋳造圧延機内で水冷した鋳型で連続的に鋳造しながら圧延を行い、約9.5mmφの棒材とした。このときの鋳造時の冷却速度は約15℃/sとした。これを所定の加工度が得られるように第1伸線加工を施した。次に、この第1伸線加工を施した加工材に、第1熱処理を施し、さらに0.31mmφの線径まで第2伸線加工を行った。次に、表2に示す条件で第2熱処理を施した。第1熱処理における、バッチ式熱処理では、線材に熱電対を巻きつけて線材温度を測定した。第1、第2熱処理における連続走間熱処理では、熱処理区間出口付近の線材温度を測定した。第2熱処理後に、表2に示す条件で時効熱処理を施し、アルミニウム合金線を製造した。
(A)引張強度(TS)、引張破断伸び(El)および引張強度に対する耐力(0.2%耐力/引張強度)の測定
JIS Z 2241に準じて各3本ずつの供試材(アルミニウム合金線)について引張試験を行い、その平均値を求めた。引張強度は、電線と端子の接続部における圧着部の引張強度を保つため、また、車体への取付け作業時に不意に負荷される荷重に耐えられるためにも、200MPa以上を合格レベルとした。また、伸びは13%以上を合格とした。引張強度に対する耐力(0.2%耐力)の比は、車体への取付け作業の効率化のために、0.5未満を合格レベルとした。なお、表2中、「A」は引張強度250MPa以上且つ0.2%耐力(YS)/引張強度(TS)が0.5未満、「B」は引張強度200MPa以上且つ0.2%耐力/引張強度が0.5未満、「C」は引張強度200MPa以上且つ0.2%耐力/引張強度が0.7以下であることを示す。
長さ300mmの試験片を20℃(±0.5℃)に保持した恒温漕中で、四端子法を用いて各3本ずつの供試材(アルミニウム合金線)について比抵抗を測定し、その平均導電率を算出した。端子間距離は200mmとした。導電率は、47%IACS以上を合格レベルとした。
(C)溶質原子クラスター及びβ”相の分析・測定方法
示差走査熱量測定(DSC)を行い、所定の温度範囲(0~400℃)で図1に示すようなDSC曲線を得た。次いで、150~200℃の範囲内において最も高い熱量を示す曲線上の点を求め(温度T0;熱量V0)、その点から温度軸を平行に線を引き、その直線で表される熱量V0を基準熱量とし、その直線に対して最も低いピークを示す点Pminを求め(温度T1;熱量V1)、基準熱量V0と熱量V1の差の絶対値|V0-V1|を求めた。この絶対値が0.5μW/g以上、好ましくは1.0μW/g以上であるである場合には、本実施形態特性を満たすのに十分な溶質原子クラスターが生成していると判断した。
なお本実施例において、溶質原子クラスター及びβ”相は、DSC分析装置((株)日立ハイテクサイエンス製、装置名「X-DSC7000」)を用い、熱流速方式、サンプル量5~20mg、昇温速度10~40℃/minで測定・分析した。
Claims (26)
- Mg:0.10~1.0質量%、Si:0.10~1.20質量%、Fe:0.01~1.40質量%、Ti:0.000~0.100質量%、B:0.000~0.030質量%、Cu:0.00~1.00質量%、Ag:0.00~0.50質量%、Au:0.00~0.50質量%、Mn:0.00~1.00質量%、Cr:0.00~1.00質量%、Zr:0.00~0.50質量%、Hf:0.00~0.50質量%、V:0.00~0.50質量%、Sc:0.00~0.50質量%、Co:0.00~0.50質量%、Ni:0.00~0.50質量%、残部:Alおよび不可避不純物であり、Mg/Si質量比が0.4~0.8である組成を有し、
引張強度が200MPa以上、伸びが13%以上、導電率が47%IACS、および0.2%耐力(YS)と引張強度(TS)の比(YS/TS)が0.7以下であることを特徴とするアルミニウム合金線材。 - 前記化学組成が、Ti:0.001~0.100質量%およびB:0.001~0.030質量%からなる群から選択された1種または2種を含有する請求項1記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
- 前記化学組成が、Cu:0.01~1.00質量%、Ag:0.01~0.50質量%、Au:0.01~0.50質量%、Mn:0.01~1.00質量%、Cr:0.01~1.00質量%、Zr:0.01~0.50質量%、Hf:0.01~0.50質量%、V:0.01~0.50質量%、Sc:0.01~0.50質量%、Co:0.01~0.50質量%、およびNi:0.01~0.50質量%からなる群から選択された1種または2種以上を含有する請求項1または2記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
- 前記化学組成が、Ni:0.01~0.50質量%を含有する請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
- Fe、Ti、B、Cu、Ag、Au、Mn、Cr、Zr、Hf、V、Sc、Co、Niの含有量の合計が0.01~2.00質量%である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
- 素線の直径が0.1~0.5mmであるアルミニウム合金線である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
- 請求項6記載のアルミニウム合金線を複数本撚り合わせて得られるアルミニウム合金撚線。
- 請求項6記載のアルミニウム合金線または請求項7に記載のアルミニウム合金撚線の外周に被覆層を有する被覆電線。
- 請求項8記載の被覆電線と、該被覆電線の、前記被覆層を除去した端部に装着された端子とを具えるワイヤーハーネス。
- 溶解、鋳造後に、熱間加工を経て荒引線を形成し、その後、少なくとも伸線加工、溶体化熱処理および時効熱処理の各工程を行うアルミニウム合金線材の製造方法であって、
前記溶体化熱処理は、昇温速度100℃/s以上で、450~540℃の範囲内の所定温度まで加熱し、保持時間30秒以内で保持し、その後、少なくとも150℃の温度までは10℃/s以上の平均冷却速度で冷却し、
前記時効熱処理は、昇温温度0.5~130℃/minで、20~150℃の範囲内の所定温度まで加熱することを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線材の製造方法。 - Mg:0.10~1.00質量%、Si:0.10~1.20質量%、Fe:0.01~0.70質量%、Ti:0.000~0.100質量%、B:0.000~0.030質量%、Cu:0.00~1.00質量%、Ag:0.00~0.50質量%、Au:0.00~0.50質量%、Mn:0.00~1.00質量%、Cr:0.00~1.00質量%、Zr:0.00~0.50質量%、Hf:0.00~0.50質量%、V:0.00~0.50質量%、Sc:0.00~0.50質量%、Co:0.00~0.50質量%、Ni:0.00~0.50質量%、残部:Alおよび不可避不純物であり、Mg/Si質量比が0.4~0.8である組成を有し、かつ、溶質原子クラスターが存在することを特徴とするアルミニウム合金線材。
- β”相が存在することを特徴とする、請求項11記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
- Mg:0.10~1.00質量%、Si:0.10~1.20質量%、Fe:0.01~0.70質量%、Ti:0.000~0.100質量%、B:0.000~0.030質量%、Cu:0.00~1.00質量%、Ag:0.00~0.50質量%、Au:0.00~0.50質量%、Mn:0.00~1.00質量%、Cr:0.00~1.00質量%、Zr:0.00~0.50質量%、Hf:0.00~0.50質量%、V:0.00~0.50質量%、Sc:0.00~0.50質量%、Co:0.00~0.50質量%、Ni:0.00~0.50質量%、残部:Alおよび不可避不純物であり、Mg/Si質量比が0.4~0.8である組成を有し、かつ、示差走査熱量曲線において溶質原子クラスターの溶解に相当する吸熱ピークを有することを特徴とするアルミニウム合金線材。
- 示差走査熱量曲線において、150~200℃の範囲内における最大熱量を基準熱量とし、前記基準熱量と、150~250℃の範囲内における前記溶質原子クラスターの溶解に相当する吸熱ピークの熱量との差の絶対値が、1.0μW/g以上であることを特徴とする、請求項13記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
- 示差走査熱量曲線においてβ”相の生成に相当する発熱ピークが生じていることを特徴とする請求項13または14記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
- 示差走査熱量曲線において、150~200℃の範囲内における最大熱量を基準熱量とし、前記基準熱量と、200~350℃の範囲内における前記β”相の生成に相当する発熱ピークの熱量との差の絶対値が、1000μW/g以下であることを特徴とする、請求項15記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
- 前記化学組成が、Ti:0.001~0.100質量%およびB:0.001~0.030質量%からなる群から選択された1種または2種を含有する請求項11~16のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
- 前記化学組成が、Cu:0.01~1.00質量%、Ag:0.01~0.50質量%、Au:0.01~0.50質量%、Mn:0.01~1.00質量%、Cr:0.01~1.00質量%、Zr:0.01~0.50質量%、Hf:0.01~0.50質量%、V:0.01~0.50質量%、Sc:0.01~0.50質量%、Co:0.01~0.50質量%、およびNi:0.01~0.50質量%からなる群から選択された1種または2種以上を含有し、平均結晶粒径が線径の1/3以下である請求項11~17のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
- 前記化学組成が、Ni:0.01~0.50質量%を含有する請求項11~18のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
- 引張強度が200MPa以上、伸びが13%以上、導電率が45%IACS以上、および0.2%耐力(YS)と引張強度(TS)の比(YS/TS)が0.7以下であることを特徴とする請求項11~19のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
- 素線の直径が0.1~0.5mmであるアルミニウム合金線である請求項11~20のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線材。
- 請求項21記載のアルミニウム合金線を複数本撚り合わせて得られるアルミニウム合金撚線。
- 請求項11~21のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線材または請求項22記載のアルミニウム合金撚線の外周に被覆層を有する被覆電線。
- 請求項23記載の被覆電線と、該被覆電線の、前記被覆層を除去した端部に装着された端子とを具えるワイヤーハーネス。
- 溶解、鋳造、均質化熱処理後に、熱間加工を経て荒引線を形成し、その後、少なくとも伸線加工、溶体化熱処理および時効熱処理の各工程を行うアルミニウム合金線材の製造方法であって、
前記溶体化熱処理は、昇温速度10℃/s以上で、450~600℃の範囲内の所定温度まで加熱し、その後、少なくとも150℃の温度までは10℃/s以上の平均冷却速度で冷却し、
前記時効熱処理は、昇温温度0.5~130℃/minで、20~150℃の範囲内の所定温度まで加熱することを特徴とする、請求項11~21のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム合金線材の製造方法。 - Mg:0.10~1.0質量%、Si:0.10~1.20質量%、Fe:0.01~1.40質量%、Ti:0.000~0.100質量%、B:0.000~0.030質量%、Cu:0.00~1.00質量%、Ag:0.00~0.50質量%、Au:0.00~0.50質量%、Mn:0.00~1.00質量%、Cr:0.00~1.00質量%、Zr:0.00~0.50質量%、Hf:0.00~0.50質量%、V:0.00~0.50質量%、Sc:0.00~0.50質量%、Co:0.00~0.50質量%、Ni:0.00~0.50質量%、残部:Alおよび不可避不純物であり、Mg/Si質量比が0.4~0.8である組成を有するアルミニウム合金線材の測定方法であって、
示差熱分析曲線において、150~200℃の範囲内における最大熱量を基準熱量とし、前記基準熱量と150~250℃の範囲内における吸熱ピークに相当する最低熱量との差の絶対値を溶質原子クラスター生成量と規定し、前記基準熱量と200~350℃の範囲内における発熱ピークに相当する最大熱量との差の絶対値をβ”相生成量と規定することを特徴とする、アルミニウム合金線材の測定方法。
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JPWO2015133004A1 (ja) | 2017-04-06 |
CN106460104B (zh) | 2019-04-23 |
CN106460104A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
US9899118B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
KR101927596B1 (ko) | 2018-12-10 |
US20160358685A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
EP3115473A1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
KR20160130230A (ko) | 2016-11-10 |
EP3115473A4 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
EP3115473B1 (en) | 2020-07-15 |
JP6462662B2 (ja) | 2019-01-30 |
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