WO2015131464A1 - 一种车辆定位纠偏方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种车辆定位纠偏方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015131464A1
WO2015131464A1 PCT/CN2014/080255 CN2014080255W WO2015131464A1 WO 2015131464 A1 WO2015131464 A1 WO 2015131464A1 CN 2014080255 W CN2014080255 W CN 2014080255W WO 2015131464 A1 WO2015131464 A1 WO 2015131464A1
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Prior art keywords
vehicle
positioning data
gps positioning
gps
recorded
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PCT/CN2014/080255
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹鹏
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2015131464A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015131464A1/zh

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/10Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
    • G01C21/12Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
    • G01C21/14Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by recording the course traversed by the object
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/26Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
    • G01C21/28Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network with correlation of data from several navigational instruments
    • G01C21/30Map- or contour-matching
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/40Correcting position, velocity or attitude

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of automobile technologies, and in particular, to a vehicle positioning and rectifying method and device.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • GPS-based navigation, guidance and tracking devices are increasingly developed, and the accuracy of GPS navigation devices commonly used in the market is generally 10 meters to tens of meters. Etc., in the increasingly developed navigation industry.
  • car GPS is increasingly used to locate vehicles.
  • the characteristics of GPS work determine that the car is only accurate when it is traveling at a relatively fast speed. When entering a tunnel, underground road, jungle, low speed or stationary, the GPS positioning information will generate a large drift from dozens of Meters range from a few hundred meters.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle positioning and rectifying method, including: recording a travel trajectory of the vehicle according to a direction and a distance traveled by the vehicle; using the recorded travel trajectory to the GPS global positioning system Position the data for correction.
  • the recording the travel trajectory of the vehicle according to the direction and distance traveled by the vehicle includes: acquiring a travel direction of the vehicle by using a direction sensing device, and acquiring a travel distance of the vehicle by using a distance measuring device; The travel distance of the vehicle in each of the travel directions is recorded, and the travel trajectory of the vehicle is recorded.
  • the correcting the GPS positioning data by using the recorded driving trajectory comprises: determining whether the GPS positioning data is valid by using the recorded driving trajectory; and using the recorded location when the GPS positioning data is valid The travel trajectory corrects the GPS positioning data.
  • determining whether the GPS positioning data is valid by using the recorded driving trajectory comprises: drawing GPS positioning data into a GPS curve; if the similarity between the GPS curve and the recorded driving trajectory is higher than a preset threshold And determining that the GPS positioning data is valid.
  • correcting the GPS positioning data by using the recorded driving trajectory comprises: determining, according to the GPS positioning data, the recorded driving trajectory, and the road network information The geographic location of the vehicle on the electronic map; correcting the GPS positioning data using the determined geographic location of the vehicle on the electronic map.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a vehicle positioning and correcting device, comprising: a recording unit configured to record a traveling track of the vehicle according to a direction and a distance traveled by the vehicle; and a correcting unit configured to utilize the recorded The driving track corrects the GPS positioning data.
  • the recording unit includes: an acquiring module, configured to acquire a traveling direction of the vehicle by using a direction sensing device, acquire a driving distance of the vehicle by using a distance measuring device; and a recording module configured to determine the vehicle The travel trajectory of the vehicle is recorded in the travel distance in each of the travel directions.
  • the correcting unit includes: a determining module configured to determine whether the GPS positioning data is valid by using the recorded driving track; and a correcting module configured to use the recorded information when the GPS positioning data is valid
  • the driving track corrects the GPS positioning data.
  • the determining module is configured to: draw GPS positioning data into a GPS curve; if the similarity between the GPS curve and the recorded driving track is higher than a preset threshold, determine that the GPS positioning data is valid.
  • the correcting module is configured to: determine a geographic location of the vehicle on an electronic map according to the GPS positioning data, the recorded driving track, and road network information; and use the determined vehicle on an electronic map The geographical location corrects the GPS positioning data.
  • the vehicle positioning and rectifying method and device provided by the embodiment of the present invention can record the traveling trajectory of the vehicle according to the direction and distance of the vehicle traveling, and correct the GPS positioning data by using the recorded driving trajectory, which is recorded according to the movement state of the vehicle.
  • the driving track is not restricted by the driving speed of the vehicle or whether it is located in the open air environment, so that the use of the GPS can be restricted, and the GPS positioning data can be effectively corrected when the GPS positioning data is greatly offset, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of the vehicle positioning and navigation.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a vehicle positioning and correcting method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 2 is a schematic diagram of a comparison between a GPS curve determined based on GPS positioning data and a recorded vehicle travel trajectory in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a positioning trajectory corrected by a map on the map and using a conventional GPS according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the vehicle positioning and correcting device provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle positioning and rectifying method, including: S11, recording a driving trajectory of the vehicle according to a direction and a distance traveled by the vehicle;
  • step S12 Correct the GPS positioning data by using the recorded driving track.
  • the vehicle positioning and correction method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can record the traveling trajectory of the vehicle according to the direction and distance of the vehicle traveling, and correct the GPS positioning data by using the recorded driving trajectory, because the driving trajectory is recorded according to the vehicle motion state. It is not restricted by the speed of the vehicle or whether it is located in the open environment. Therefore, the use of GPS can be restricted, and the GPS positioning data can be effectively corrected when the GPS positioning data is greatly offset, which greatly improves the accuracy of vehicle positioning and navigation.
  • the traveling direction of the vehicle may be acquired by the direction sensing device, and the driving distance of the vehicle may be acquired by the distance measuring device.
  • the direction sensing device may be a variety of sensors having a direction sensing function, such as an electronic compass or a gyroscope disposed on the vehicle, capable of accurately sensing the orientation of the vehicle when the vehicle is in various motion states, thereby obtaining the direction of motion of the vehicle.
  • the direction of motion here includes not only the east, south, west, and north directions, but also the elevation angle between the vehicle and the horizontal plane, so as to know whether the vehicle is climbing or descending, and effectively determining the level of the vehicle by the traveling distance of the vehicle.
  • Displacement; and the distance measuring device can be various devices capable of measuring the distance traveled by the vehicle, for example, a vehicle travel pedometer or a vehicle odometer, and the like.
  • the vehicle travel pedometer can realize distance measurement by a pulse signal or an electro-optical signal that travels to the vehicle. Taking a pedometer based on a pulse signal as an example, each time the vehicle travels a certain distance (step length, usually several centimeters), a pulse is sent to the pedometer, each pulse corresponding to a certain step size, and the statistical pulse is passed. The number thus knows the distance the car is traveling.
  • the pulse signal can be obtained by reading a pulse of the driving computer, or by adding a special pedometer device, such as a Hall element.
  • the Hall element is capable of detecting an electromagnetic field change caused by the rotation of the metal gear and outputting a rectangular wave accordingly.
  • the vehicle positioning and correcting method provided by the present invention further needs to combine the driving direction and the driving distance to determine the correspondence relationship between the driving direction and the driving distance in time, thereby determining the The travel distance of the vehicle in each of the travel directions is recorded, and the travel trajectory of the vehicle is recorded.
  • the direction sensing device can sense it, and the distance sensing device can calculate the distance traveled in this direction of travel, thereby enabling the vehicle to travel.
  • vibration sensing such as an acceleration sensor
  • the vibration sensor and the vehicle direction sensor can be the same module and fixedly mounted together to ensure the rigid transmission of the direction signal and the vibration signal.
  • correcting the GPS positioning data by using the recorded driving trajectory may specifically include: determining whether the GPS positioning data is valid by using the recorded driving trajectory; and when the GPS positioning data is valid And correcting the GPS positioning data by using the recorded driving track.
  • GPS positioning data may be drawn into a GPS curve gl; if the similarity between the GPS curve gl and the recorded driving track g2 is higher than a preset threshold Determining that the GPS positioning data is valid, otherwise determining the location The GPS positioning data is invalid.
  • the similarity means that if the GPS curve gl and the driving track g2 are stacked together at the same scale, the difference between the two lines can be measured by a variance or a standard deviation or other mathematical indicators, and the present invention The embodiment does not limit this.
  • GPS positioning data is valid.
  • the corresponding points in the driving trajectory and the GPS positioning data can be respectively compared, and if the proportion of the points accurately positioned in the GPS positioning data reaches a prescribed value, Then it can be determined that the GPS positioning data is valid, otherwise it can be determined that the GPS positioning data is invalid.
  • the reason why the GPS positioning data is invalid may be that the vehicle has just started to be slower, the GPS search star is less, and the error is larger. It may also be that the GPS signal is affected when the vehicle enters the underground parking lot, and the GPS signal may be affected later. The validity of the positioning data is determined.
  • correcting the GPS positioning data by using the recorded driving track may include the following steps: according to the GPS positioning data, the recorded driving track, and the road network information. Determining a geographic location of the vehicle on an electronic map; correcting the GPS positioning data using the determined geographic location of the vehicle on an electronic map. That is to say, the GPS data is valid does not mean that the GPS data has no offset, but only shows that in the past period of time, the error of the GPS positioning data is generally within an acceptable range, but for every point in the GPS positioning data. It does not necessarily represent the true and accurate location of the vehicle, GPS positioning data often appears offset from a few meters to tens of meters.
  • the GPS positioning data, the recorded driving trajectory and the road network information can be fused:
  • the GPS positioning data can indicate the approximate position of the vehicle in the road network, and then according to the driving trajectory and the path in the road network.
  • the degree of matching determines the exact geographic location of the vehicle on the electronic map (or the road network), thereby effectively correcting the GPS data using the vehicle's accurate geographic location on the electronic map.
  • Figure 3 is a comparison of the positional trajectory after correction and the conventional GPS positioning trajectory. As shown in Fig.
  • the larger dots connected by solid lines in the drawing are the conventional GPS positioning trajectories, and the scattered smaller dots are the locating trajectories after the correction.
  • the scattered smaller dots can still acquire their trajectory after the car enters the garage. The last overlap of the trajectory is caused by the reverse of the vehicle when the car is parked in the garage.
  • the larger dots connected by solid lines stopped at the entrance to the underground garage.
  • the wireless communication function of the GPS system can also be used to upload the corrected positioning data to the network, thereby realizing tracking and theft prevention of the entire network of the vehicle.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a vehicle positioning and correcting device. As shown in FIG.
  • the device includes: a recording unit 10 configured to record the vehicle according to the direction and distance traveled by the vehicle.
  • the trajectory of the trajectory; the correcting unit 12 is configured to correct the GPS positioning data by using the recorded trajectory.
  • the vehicle positioning and rectifying device provided by the embodiment of the invention can record the traveling trajectory of the vehicle according to the direction and distance of the vehicle traveling, and the correcting unit 12 corrects the GPS positioning data by using the recorded driving trajectory. Since the travel trajectory recorded according to the vehicle motion state is not restricted by the vehicle travel speed or whether it is located in the open air environment, the use of the GPS is restricted, and the GPS positioning data is greatly offset, and the vehicle positioning is effectively corrected, which greatly improves the vehicle positioning. Accuracy of vehicle positioning and navigation.
  • the recording unit 10 may include: an acquiring module, configured to acquire a traveling direction of the vehicle by using a direction sensing device, acquire a driving distance of the vehicle by using a distance measuring device; and a recording module configured to determine that the vehicle is The travel distance of each of the travel directions records the travel trajectory of the vehicle.
  • the correcting unit 12 may further include: a determining module configured to determine whether the GPS positioning data is valid by using the recorded driving track; and a correcting module configured to use the recorded driving track to the GPS when the GPS positioning data is valid Position the data for correction.
  • the determining module is configured to: draw the GPS positioning data into a GPS curve; if the similarity between the GPS curve and the recorded driving track is higher than a preset threshold, determine that the GPS positioning data is valid.
  • the correcting module may be configured to: determine a geographic location of the vehicle on the electronic map according to the GPS positioning data, the recorded driving trajectory, and the road network information; and use the determined vehicle on the electronic map The geographic location corrects the GPS positioning data. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for purposes of illustration, those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, and the scope of the invention should not be limited to the embodiments described above.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种车辆定位纠偏方法及装置,涉及汽车技术领域,能够解决现有技术中定位精度不高、受环境制约较大的弊端。所述方法包括:根据车辆行驶的方向和距离记录所述车辆的行驶轨迹;利用记录的所述行驶轨迹对GPS全球定位系统定位数据进行纠偏。本发明可用于各种需要GPS导航或定位的设备中。

Description

一种车辆定位纠偏方法及装置 技术领域 本发明涉及汽车技术领域, 特别是涉及一种车辆定位纠偏方法及装置。 背景技术 随着 GPS (全球定位系统, Global Positioning System) 定位技术的不断发展, 基 于 GPS的导航、 制导和追踪设备日渐发展, 市场上面常用的 GPS导航设备的精度普 遍在 10米到几十米不等, 在日渐发达的导航产业中。 与此同时, 车载 GPS也越来越广泛地应用于对车辆进行定位。 然而, GPS工作的 特性决定了汽车只有在以较快速度行驶时定位才比较准确, 在进入隧道、 地下道路、 密林、低速或静止的时候, GPS的定位信息会产生较大漂移, 从几十米到几百米不等。 因此, 随着人们对定位、 导航的要求越来越高, 比如地下车库导航、 机器人驾驶、 智 能泊车等技术, 现有的定位精度已经越来越不能满足人们的要求。 发明内容 本发明实施例提供了一种车辆定位纠偏方法及装置, 用以解决现有技术中定位精 度不高、 受环境制约较大的弊端。 为达上述目的, 一方面, 本发明实施例提供了一种车辆定位纠偏方法, 包括: 根 据车辆行驶的方向和距离记录所述车辆的行驶轨迹; 利用记录的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS 全球定位系统定位数据进行纠偏。 可选的, 所述根据车辆行驶的方向和距离记录所述车辆的行驶轨迹包括: 通过方 向传感装置获取所述车辆的行驶方向, 通过距离测量装置获取所述车辆的行驶距离; 通过确定所述车辆在每个所述行驶方向上的行驶距离, 记录所述车辆的行驶轨迹。 可选的, 所述利用记录的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS定位数据进行纠偏包括: 利用记录 的所述行驶轨迹确定 GPS定位数据是否有效; 在所述 GPS定位数据有效的情况下, 利用记录的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS定位数据进行纠偏。 可选的, 所述利用记录的所述行驶轨迹确定 GPS定位数据是否有效包括: 将 GPS 定位数据绘制成 GPS 曲线; 如果所述 GPS 曲线与记录的所述行驶轨迹的相似度高于 预设阈值, 确定所述 GPS定位数据有效。 可选的, 所述在所述 GPS 定位数据有效的情况下, 利用记录的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS定位数据进行纠偏包括: 根据所述 GPS定位数据、 记录的所述行驶轨迹以及路 网信息确定所述车辆在电子地图上的地理位置; 利用确定的所述车辆在电子地图上的 地理位置对所述 GPS定位数据纠偏。 另一方面, 本发明的实施例还提供一种车辆定位纠偏装置, 包括: 记录单元, 设 置为根据车辆行驶的方向和距离记录所述车辆的行驶轨迹; 纠偏单元, 设置为利用记 录的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS定位数据进行纠偏。 可选的, 所述记录单元包括: 获取模块, 设置为通过方向传感装置获取所述车辆 的行驶方向, 通过距离测量装置获取所述车辆的行驶距离; 记录模块, 设置为通过确 定所述车辆在每个所述行驶方向上的行驶距离, 记录所述车辆的行驶轨迹。 可选的,所述纠偏单元包括:确定模块,设置为利用记录的所述行驶轨迹确定 GPS 定位数据是否有效; 纠偏模块, 设置为在所述 GPS定位数据有效的情况下, 利用记录 的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS定位数据进行纠偏。 可选的,所述确定模块设置为:将 GPS定位数据绘制成 GPS曲线; 如果所述 GPS 曲线与记录的所述行驶轨迹的相似度高于预设阈值, 确定所述 GPS定位数据有效。 可选的, 所述纠偏模块设置为: 根据所述 GPS定位数据、 记录的所述行驶轨迹 以及路网信息确定所述车辆在电子地图上的地理位置; 利用确定的所述车辆在电子地 图上的地理位置对所述 GPS定位数据纠偏。 本发明的实施例提供的车辆定位纠偏方法及装置, 能够根据车辆行驶的方向和距 离记录所述车辆的行驶轨迹, 并利用记录的行驶轨迹对 GPS定位数据进行纠偏, 由于 根据车辆运动状态记录的行驶轨迹不受车辆行驶速度或是否位于露天环境的制约, 从 而能够在 GPS的使用受到制约, GPS定位数据产生较大偏移时对车辆定位进行有效纠 偏, 大大提高了车辆定位和导航的准确性。 附图说明 图 1 是本发明的实施例提供的车辆定位纠偏方法的一种流程图; 图 2 是本发明的实施例中, 根据 GPS定位数据确定的 GPS曲线与记录的车辆行 驶轨迹的对比图示意图; 图 3 是本发明的实施例在地图上纠偏后的定位轨迹与使用传统的 GPS定位轨迹 的对比图; 以及 图 4 是本发明的实施例提供的车辆定位纠偏装置的一种结构示意图。 具体实施方式 以下结合附图, 对本发明进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解, 此处所描述的具体实 施例仅仅用以解释本发明, 并不限定本发明。 如图 1所示,本发明的实施例提供一种车辆定位纠偏方法, 包括: S11 , 根据车辆行驶的方向和距离记录所述车辆的行驶轨迹;
S12, 利用记录的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS定位数据进行纠偏。 本发明的实施例提供的车辆定位纠偏方法, 能够根据车辆行驶的方向和距离记录 所述车辆的行驶轨迹, 并利用记录的行驶轨迹对 GPS定位数据进行纠偏, 由于根据车 辆运动状态记录的行驶轨迹不受车辆行驶速度或是否位于露天环境的制约, 从而能够 在 GPS的使用受到制约, GPS定位数据产生较大偏移时对车辆定位进行有效纠偏, 大 大提高了车辆定位和导航的准确性。 具体的, 在步骤 S11中, 可以通过方向传感装置获取所述车辆的行驶方向, 并通 过距离测量装置获取所述车辆的行驶距离。 其中, 方向传感装置可以是设置在车辆上 的电子罗盘或陀螺仪等各种具有方向感知功能的传感器, 能够在车辆处于各种运动状 态时准确感知车辆的朝向, 从而获知车辆的运动方向, 这里的运动方向不仅包括东、 南、 西、 北方向, 还可以包括车辆与水平面之间的仰俯角, 从而能够获知车辆是否在 爬坡或下坡, 有效由车辆的行驶路程确定出车辆的水平位移; 而距离测量装置可以为 各种能够测量车辆行驶距离的装置, 例如, 车辆行进计步器或车辆行驶里程表等等。 其中, 车辆行进计步器可以通过对车辆行进的脉冲信号或电光信号来实现距离测量。 以基于脉冲信号的计步器为例, 车辆每行驶过一定距离 (步长, 一般为若干厘米) 就 会向计步器发送一个脉冲, 每个脉冲对应于一定的步长, 通过统计脉冲个数从而知道 汽车行进的距离。 可选的, 该脉冲信号既可以通过读取行车电脑的脉冲来获取, 也可 以通过添加专门的计步器件, 如霍尔元件来获得。 霍尔元件能够检测金属齿轮转动产 生的电磁场变化, 并相应地输出矩形波。对于 32齿的齿轮来说, 单个脉冲表示汽车前 进了 2πι732 的距离, 其中 r为轮胎半径。 以轮胎为 14寸的小车为例, 其轮胎半径为 0.28米, 单个脉冲表示汽车前进了 2 X 3.14 X 0.28 + 32=0.055米。 由此可以看出, 根据 车辆运动状态记录的行驶轨迹的精度能达到厘米量级, 从而为车辆的准确定位提供了 良好的条件。 在分别获取了车辆的行驶方向和行驶距离后, 本发明提供的车辆定位纠偏方法还 需要将行驶方向和行驶距离相结合,确定出行驶方向和行驶距离在时间上的对应关系, 从而通过确定所述车辆在每个所述行驶方向上的行驶距离,记录所述车辆的行驶轨迹。 这样, 每当行驶方向有较显著的改变时, 方向传感装置就能感应到, 而距离传感装置 就能计算出在这一行驶方向上行驶的距离, 从而能够描画出车辆的行驶轨迹。 为了区别上述行驶轨迹与车辆本身并未发动而是由其他交通工具托运而产生的位 移, 优选的, 还可以通过其他行车行驶信号的检测进一步确定车辆是否处于真正的行 驶中。例如, 可以在与汽车中轴线方向一致的方向上设置震动传感, 如加速度传感器, 用于判断车辆是否在震动, 从而获得车辆是否被移动而发生震动。 震动传感器和汽车 方向传感器可以为同一模块, 固定安装在一起, 以便保证方向信号和震动信号的刚性 传递。 此外, 还可以通过取倒车灯的高低电平值来判断汽车前后行驶方向, 例如, 当 倒车灯信号线为高电平时为车辆倒车行驶, 为低电平时为前进行驶。 获知了车辆在正 向行驶还是在倒向行驶后, 即可确定车辆的真实运动状态, 有利于提高车辆定位的准 确性。 需要说明的是, 根据车辆行驶状态确定的行驶轨迹只是一个相对路线, 也就是只 表明该路线起点和终点之间的路程, 并不能确定行驶中经过的地点具体是哪里。 但利 用这个相对的路线, 已经可以对 GPS定位数据进行纠偏。 具体而言, 在步骤 S12中, 利用记录的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS定位数据进行纠偏具 体可包括: 利用记录的所述行驶轨迹确定 GPS定位数据是否有效; 在所述 GPS定位数据有效的情况下, 利用记录的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS定位数据 进行纠偏。 正如上文分析的, 虽然根据车辆的运动状态而记录的行驶轨迹只是相对的数据, 但其却可以用来确定 GPS定位数据是否有效。 例如, 如图 2所示, 在本发明的一个实 施例中, 可以将 GPS定位数据绘制成 GPS曲线 gl ; 如果所述 GPS曲线 gl与记录的 所述行驶轨迹 g2的相似度高于预设阈值, 确定所述 GPS定位数据有效, 否则确定所 述 GPS定位数据无效。 其中, 相似度是指如果将 GPS曲线 gl与行驶轨迹 g2在相同 比例尺下叠放在一起, 两条线之间的差别, 具体可以用方差或标准差或其他的数学指 标来度量, 本发明的实施例对此不作限定。 当然, 还可以用其他方法来确定 GPS定位 数据是否有效, 例如, 可以分别对行驶轨迹和 GPS定位数据中对应的若干个点进行比 较, 如果 GPS定位数据中定位准确的点的比例达到规定值, 则可以确定 GPS定位数 据有效, 否则即可确定 GPS定位数据无效。 GPS定位数据无效的原因可能是车辆刚刚 启动速度较小, GPS搜星较少, 误差较大, 也可能是车辆进入地下停车场等有遮蔽的 地方 GPS信号受影响, 可以稍后再尝试对 GPS定位数据有效性进行确定。 具体而言, 在所述 GPS定位数据有效的情况下, 利用记录的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS 定位数据进行纠偏可包括如下步骤: 根据所述 GPS定位数据、记录的所述行驶轨迹以及路网信息确定所述车辆在电子 地图上的地理位置; 利用确定的所述车辆在电子地图上的地理位置对所述 GPS定位数据纠偏。 也就是说 GPS数据有效并不代表 GPS数据没有偏移, 而只是说明, 在过去的一 段时间里、 大体上看 GPS定位数据的误差在可接受的范围内, 但对于 GPS定位数据 中的每一点都不一定代表车辆所在的真实准确的位置, GPS定位数据常常会出现几米 到几十米的偏移。 为了确定车辆的准确位置, 可以将 GPS定位数据、 记录的行驶轨迹 以及路网信息进行融合: GPS定位数据可以指示出车辆在路网中的大致位置, 再根据 行车轨迹和路网中的路径的匹配度确定车辆在电子地图上 (或路网上) 的准确地理位 置, 从而利用车辆在电子地图上的准确的地理位置对 GPS数据进行有效纠偏。在确定 了车辆的准确地理位置后, 即使车辆进入地下停车场等 GPS应用受限的环境下, 仍然 能够根据记录的车辆行驶轨迹针对地下停车等操作进行有效导航。 图 3为纠偏后的定位轨迹与使用传统的 GPS定位轨迹的对比图。如图 3所示, 图 样中用实线串连起来的较大的圆点为使用传统的 GPS定位轨迹,分散的较小的圆点为 纠偏后的定位轨迹。 图 3中, 分散的较小的圆点在汽车进入车库后任然可以获取其轨 迹, 轨迹最后重叠部分为车停入车库时进行前后倒车引起的。 而用实线串连起来的较 大的圆点到地下车库入口就停止了。 进一步的, 还可以利用 GPS系统的无线通信功能, 将经过纠偏的定位数据上传到 网络上, 从而实现对车辆的全网追踪和防盗。 与前述车辆定位纠偏方法相对应,本发明的实施例还提供一种车辆定位纠偏装置, 如图 4所示, 该装置包括: 记录单元 10, 设置为根据车辆行驶的方向和距离记录所述车辆的行驶轨迹; 纠偏单元 12, 设置为利用记录的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS定位数据进行纠偏。 本发明的实施例提供的车辆定位纠偏装置,其记录单元 10能够根据车辆行驶的方 向和距离记录所述车辆的行驶轨迹, 纠偏单元 12利用记录的行驶轨迹对 GPS定位数 据进行纠偏。 由于根据车辆运动状态记录的行驶轨迹不受车辆行驶速度或是否位于露 天环境的制约, 从而能够在 GPS的使用受到制约, GPS定位数据产生较大偏移时对车 辆定位进行有效纠偏, 大大提高了车辆定位和导航的准确性。 具体的, 记录单元 10可包括: 获取模块, 设置为通过方向传感装置获取所述车辆 的行驶方向, 通过距离测量装置获取所述车辆的行驶距离; 记录模块, 设置为通过确 定所述车辆在每个所述行驶方向上的行驶距离, 记录所述车辆的行驶轨迹。 纠偏单元 12可包括: 确定模块, 设置为利用记录的所述行驶轨迹确定 GPS定位 数据是否有效; 纠偏模块, 设置为在所述 GPS定位数据有效的情况下, 利用记录的所 述行驶轨迹对 GPS定位数据进行纠偏。 可选的, 确定模块可设置为: 将 GPS定位数据绘制成 GPS曲线; 如果所述 GPS 曲线与记录的所述行驶轨迹的相似度高于预设阈值, 确定所述 GPS定位数据有效。 可选的, 纠偏模块可设置为: 根据所述 GPS定位数据、 记录的所述行驶轨迹以及 路网信息确定所述车辆在电子地图上的地理位置; 利用确定的所述车辆在电子地图上 的地理位置对所述 GPS定位数据纠偏。 尽管为示例目的, 已经公开了本发明的优选实施例, 本领域的技术人员将意识到 各种改进、 增加和取代也是可能的, 因此, 本发明的范围应当不限于上述实施例。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种车辆定位纠偏方法, 包括: 根据车辆行驶的方向和距离记录所述车辆的行驶轨迹;
利用记录的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS全球定位系统定位数据进行纠偏。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述根据车辆行驶的方向和距离记录所述 车辆的行驶轨迹包括:
通过方向传感装置获取所述车辆的行驶方向, 通过距离测量装置获取所述 车辆的行驶距离; 通过确定所述车辆在每个所述行驶方向上的行驶距离, 记录所述车辆的行 驶轨迹。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述利用记录的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS定位 数据进行纠偏包括:
利用记录的所述行驶轨迹确定 GPS定位数据是否有效;
在所述 GPS定位数据有效的情况下, 利用记录的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS定 位数据进行纠偏。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其中, 所述利用记录的所述行驶轨迹确定 GPS定 位数据是否有效包括:
将 GPS定位数据绘制成 GPS曲线; 如果所述 GPS曲线与记录的所述行驶轨迹的相似度高于预设阈值,确定所 述 GPS定位数据有效。
5. 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其中, 所述在所述 GPS定位数据有效的情况下, 利用记录的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS定位数据进行纠偏包括:
根据所述 GPS定位数据、记录的所述行驶轨迹以及路网信息确定所述车辆 在电子地图上的地理位置;
利用确定的所述车辆在电子地图上的地理位置对所述 GPS定位数据纠偏。 一种车辆定位纠偏装置, 包括:
记录单元, 设置为根据车辆行驶的方向和距离记录所述车辆的行驶轨迹; 纠偏单元, 设置为利用记录的所述行驶轨迹对 GPS定位数据进行纠偏。 根据权利要求 6所述的装置, 其中, 所述记录单元包括: 获取模块, 设置为通过方向传感装置获取所述车辆的行驶方向, 通过距离 测量装置获取所述车辆的行驶距离;
记录模块, 设置为通过确定所述车辆在每个所述行驶方向上的行驶距离, 记录所述车辆的行驶轨迹。 根据权利要求 6所述的装置, 其中, 所述纠偏单元包括: 确定模块, 设置为利用记录的所述行驶轨迹确定 GPS定位数据是否有效; 纠偏模块, 设置为在所述 GPS定位数据有效的情况下, 利用记录的所述行 驶轨迹对 GPS定位数据进行纠偏。 根据权利要求 8所述的装置, 其中, 所述确定模块设置为:
将 GPS定位数据绘制成 GPS曲线; 如果所述 GPS曲线与记录的所述行驶轨迹的相似度高于预设阈值,确定所 述 GPS定位数据有效。 根据权利要求 8所述的装置, 其中, 所述纠偏模块设置为: 根据所述 GPS定位数据、记录的所述行驶轨迹以及路网信息确定所述车辆 在电子地图上的地理位置; 利用确定的所述车辆在电子地图上的地理位置对所述 GPS定位数据纠偏。
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