WO2015125962A1 - Dispositif de traitement des déchets et procédé de traitement des déchets - Google Patents

Dispositif de traitement des déchets et procédé de traitement des déchets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015125962A1
WO2015125962A1 PCT/JP2015/055089 JP2015055089W WO2015125962A1 WO 2015125962 A1 WO2015125962 A1 WO 2015125962A1 JP 2015055089 W JP2015055089 W JP 2015055089W WO 2015125962 A1 WO2015125962 A1 WO 2015125962A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
container
waste treatment
stirring blade
treatment apparatus
exhaust
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2015/055089
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
喜之 鳥丸
Original Assignee
中部エコテック株式会社
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2014036147A external-priority patent/JP6284785B2/ja
Application filed by 中部エコテック株式会社 filed Critical 中部エコテック株式会社
Priority to CN201580010094.3A priority Critical patent/CN106061634B/zh
Publication of WO2015125962A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015125962A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C31/00—Handling, e.g. feeding of the material to be shaped, storage of plastics material before moulding; Automation, i.e. automated handling lines in plastics processing plants, e.g. using manipulators or robots
    • B29C31/04—Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity
    • B29C31/06—Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity in measured doses, e.g. by weighting
    • B29C31/061—Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity in measured doses, e.g. by weighting using stationary volumetric measuring chambers
    • B29C31/063—Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity in measured doses, e.g. by weighting using stationary volumetric measuring chambers of the piston type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23121—Diffusers having injection means, e.g. nozzles with circumferential outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23126—Diffusers characterised by the shape of the diffuser element
    • B01F23/231265—Diffusers characterised by the shape of the diffuser element being tubes, tubular elements, cylindrical elements or set of tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/21—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders characterised by their rotating shafts
    • B01F27/2122—Hollow shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
    • B01F27/90—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with paddles or arms 
    • B01F27/906—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with paddles or arms  with fixed axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
    • B01F35/92—Heating or cooling systems for heating the outside of the receptacle, e.g. heated jackets or burners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/95—Devices in which the material is conveyed essentially vertically between inlet and discharge means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
    • B01F2035/99—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
    • B01F2215/0422—Numerical values of angles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0436—Operational information
    • B01F2215/045—Numerical flow-rate values
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0436—Operational information
    • B01F2215/0468—Numerical pressure values
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus (sealed fermentation drying apparatus) for treating organic waste such as livestock excrement and food residues, and a waste treatment method using the apparatus.
  • a waste treatment apparatus sealed fermentation drying apparatus
  • organic waste such as livestock excrement and food residues
  • Organic waste such as livestock excreta discharged from livestock management bodies and food residues discharged from food industry establishments has increased in recent years, and their disposal has become a major social issue. ing. When these wastes are incinerated, the cost is high and there is a problem of dioxin generation. In addition, when landfilling is performed, there are problems of securing an exhaust location and odor damage. In addition, in recent years, the promotion of the reuse of organic waste has been demanded by legislation such as the Food Recycling Law. In view of these points, organic waste is composted and recycled as a recycling resource. Even when composting, organic wastes such as food residues have a high water content, so if they are not sufficiently dried and fermented, they may have a large volume and weight and may be spoiled.
  • Composting facilities are broadly classified into “open type”, where waste is deposited on the site, and then switched to compost, and “closed type”, where it is put into a container and composted. .
  • the sealed type has advantages such as space saving and less odor damage to the surroundings.
  • organic waste has been dried and composted using a sealed fermentation drying apparatus (also referred to as “component”) that utilizes the fermentation action of microorganisms.
  • This component has a cylindrical vertical tank shape, and is a composting device having a sealed vertical structure in which input waste does not easily come into contact with outside air.
  • a fermentation treatment apparatus for food residues, food residues and aerobic microorganisms are mixed in an airtight vertical container, and the food residues are fermented by the action of aerobic microorganisms while agitating the inside of the container.
  • An apparatus has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).
  • a plurality of upper and lower stirrer blades are radially extended around a rotating shaft standing in a vertical container, and a plurality of vent holes are drilled below the lowermost stirrer blade. The air is vented into the container through the vent.
  • the vertical container is a three-layered heat insulating container having a heat insulating layer between an inner layer and an outer layer.
  • the shape of the stirring blade include a blade shape and a rod shape, and a screw type having a blade-shaped stirring blade is particularly described from the viewpoint of stirring efficiency.
  • the waste disposal apparatus like patent document 1 is installed and used outdoors, it is easy to receive the influence of external environments, such as the weather, and cannot perform the stable process even when using a heat insulation container. There is a fear.
  • the component has a simple cylindrical vertical tank shape because of its internal structure using a stirring blade, and no particular consideration is given to its appearance design.
  • the treatment of organic waste such as livestock excrement is treatment of unnecessary matter (dust), and the waste treatment equipment can provide initial costs at the time of introduction and running costs during operation. It is desirable to reduce as much as possible.
  • ancillary equipment of the device there are a hydraulic unit, a blower, an exhaust blower, a deodorizing device, etc., but these are separated from the vertical container and it is very troublesome to install at the installation site. (Initial cost) will increase.
  • the destabilization of the heat insulation surface requires continuous operation of a separate air heater and leads to an increase in running cost.
  • stirring means including a stirring blade is essential in a waste treatment apparatus.
  • the load applied to the stirring blade, the rotating shaft, etc. becomes too large, and there is a possibility that these parts are partially damaged.
  • sufficient stirring performance cannot be obtained, and there is a possibility that poor fermentation may occur, and the time required for drying and composting may be prolonged.
  • the effect on the processing amount (amount that can be processed in the same time) and the amount of malodor generation due to the difference in the shape of each stirring blade (each stage) has not been studied.
  • the closed type such as a component has a demerit that the running cost is higher than the open type.
  • the treatment of organic waste such as livestock excrement is treatment of unnecessary matter (dust), and it is hoped that the cost will be reduced as much as possible.
  • an increase in cost is inevitable. For this reason, maintaining the ability of components for many years has been given priority first, and the development of technology for improving performance has not progressed significantly. Therefore, it is desired to develop an apparatus capable of producing a product (compost) having a high fertilizer effect, which can realize high processing performance and reduce generation of malodorous substances with relatively simple means.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a waste treatment apparatus that is low in cost, excellent in appearance, less affected by the external environment, and capable of stable treatment. It is another object of the present invention to provide a waste treatment apparatus and a waste treatment method that can reduce the amount of malodorous substances generated by using relatively simple means as needed, having high treatment capacity.
  • the waste treatment apparatus of the present invention includes an airtight cylindrical vertical container, a rotary shaft provided in the vertical direction in the container, a plurality of stirring blades fixed around the rotary shaft, and the container An air supply means for sending outside air into the container and an exhaust means for discharging the inside air accumulated in the container to the outside of the container.
  • the waste treatment apparatus is configured to remove organic waste introduced from the upper part of the container into the container while being stirred with the stirring blade, fermented and dried, composted, and taken out from the lower part of the container.
  • an external heat insulating panel installed so as to cover at least a part of the outer periphery of the cylinder of the container via a space.
  • the apparatus outer wall comprised by the said external heat insulation panel is a square cylinder shape substantially circumscribed on the cylinder outer periphery of the said container, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
  • the waste treatment apparatus has heat exchange means for heating the outside air introduced from the air supply means into the container by heat of the exhaust from the exhaust means, and the cylindrical outer periphery of the container, the external heat insulation panel, The heat exchange means is installed in the space between the two.
  • the outer wall of the apparatus constituted by the external heat insulating panel has a rectangular tube shape that substantially circumscribes the outer periphery of the cylinder of the container, and the heat exchange means is formed between the outer wall of the apparatus and the outer periphery of the cylinder of the container.
  • An exhaust passage that is installed in the space of the corner of the rectangular tube and through which the exhaust discharged from the container passes, and an air that passes outside air before introduction into the container that is installed through the exhaust passage. It is comprised from piping.
  • the air supply means and the exhaust means are accommodated in the apparatus.
  • the stirring blade is spaced at a predetermined interval from the lower part to the upper part of the rotating shaft, and at least three or more stages are provided at each stage, from the rotating shaft toward the inner wall of the container.
  • the stirring blade has an inclined surface on the front side in the rotation direction, and the inclination angle of the uppermost stirring blade with respect to the rotation surface of the stirring blade is 60 to 85 degrees.
  • the angle of inclination of the inclined surface of the lowermost stirring blade with respect to the rotating surface of the stirring blade is 15 to 25 degrees, and the rotation of the stirring blade on the inclined surface of the stirring blades other than the uppermost stage and the lowermost stage
  • the inclination angle with respect to the surface is 35 to 45 degrees
  • the lowermost stirring blade has a vent hole that communicates with the air supply means and introduces outside air sent from the air supply means into the container.
  • the inner volume of the container is 15 m 3 or more
  • the air supply means has an air flow rate (m 3 ) per minute introduced into the container from the vent hole during processing. It is a means which becomes 1/4 or more of the internal volume (m 3 ) of the container.
  • the air feeding means is characterized in that a static pressure of air blown into the container from the vent hole during processing is 15 kPa or more.
  • the waste treatment apparatus may further include a heat exchanging unit that heats the outside air introduced into the container from the air supply unit by the heat of the exhaust from the exhaust unit.
  • the waste treatment method of the present invention is characterized by composting using the waste treatment apparatus of the present invention having a configuration in which the shape of the agitating blade and the amount of blown air are limited.
  • the waste treatment apparatus of the present invention includes an airtight cylindrical vertical container, a rotary shaft provided in the vertical direction in the container, a plurality of stirring blades fixed around the rotary shaft, and the container An air supply means for sending outside air into the inside and an exhaust means for discharging the inside air accumulated in the container to the outside of the container.
  • the outside air is introduced into the container by the air supply means, and the exhaust means
  • the waste treatment apparatus has a heat exchange means for heating the outside air introduced into the container from the air supply means by the heat of the exhaust from the exhaust means, and a space between the cylindrical outer periphery of the container and the external heat insulation panel Since the heat exchanging means is installed, the fermentation heat of the processed product can be effectively used while using the surplus space, and a separate air heater is not required, and the running cost can be reduced.
  • the outer wall of the device constituted by the external heat insulating panel is a square tube that is substantially circumscribed on the outer periphery of the container, and the heat exchange means is a rectangular tube formed between the outer wall of the device and the outer periphery of the container.
  • the entire apparatus can be made compact. Moreover, the construction period and construction cost (initial cost) at the time of enforcement can be reduced compared with the case where these are incorporated separately at the installation site.
  • the stirring blade is spaced at a predetermined interval from the lower part to the upper part of the rotating shaft, and at least three or more stages are provided at each stage, from the rotating shaft toward the inner wall of the container. It extends linearly and each inclination angle is within the predetermined range. Further, in the configuration in which the shape of the stirring blade is limited as described above, the internal volume and the blowing rate of the container are set to the predetermined range. For this reason, it is possible to expand the high-temperature zone while realizing the super aerobic by spreading the blown air to the entire processed material (detail), and it is possible to realize high processing capacity and reduction of malodorous substances.
  • the stirring blade having a high inclination angle at the uppermost stage makes it easy to spread the treated material (waste) flatly and can increase the contact area with the outside air.
  • the stirring blade it is possible to positively stir the processed product whose temperature has been increased by fermentation heat at the uppermost stage.
  • the stirring blade having a lower inclination angle at the bottom stage can uniformly distribute the air to the entire processing object while reducing the applied load. Since the blast volume is increased in this state, the drying and composting treatment can be further shortened, and the generation amount of malodorous substances such as lower fatty acids and ammonia can be remarkably reduced.
  • the static pressure of the air introduced into the container from the vent hole during the treatment in the air supply means is 15 kPa or more, the air can be easily penetrated even when the moisture content of the processed product is high. High processing capacity and reduction of malodorous substances can be realized. Further, since the waste treatment apparatus has a heat exchange means for heating the outside air introduced into the container from the air supply means by the heat of the exhaust from the exhaust means, the heat of fermentation of the treated product can be effectively used. In addition, a separate heater is unnecessary, and the running cost can be reduced.
  • the waste treatment method of the present invention uses the waste treatment apparatus of the present invention having a configuration in which the shape of the stirring blade and the amount of blast is limited, compared to the conventional apparatus, the organic waste is dried and composted.
  • the processing time can be shortened, the amount that can be processed per day is increased, the amount of malodorous substances generated can be reduced, and a product (compost) with a high fertilizer effect can be produced.
  • It is sectional drawing of the stirring blade in FIG. It is an enlarged view of the lowermost stirring blade in FIG.
  • FIGS. Fig.1 (a) is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of a waste disposal apparatus
  • FIG.1 (b) is the top view.
  • a waste treatment apparatus 1 includes a cylindrical vertical container 2 provided with a stirring blade therein, and a rectangular cylindrical shape that is substantially circumscribed on the outer periphery of the cylinder of the container 2.
  • a closed-type fermentation drying apparatus (component) having an apparatus outer wall 9.
  • the container 2 that is a fermenter is a heat-insulating container that itself has a metal outer layer and a heat-insulating layer, and is an air-tight container that is unlikely to come into contact with outside air other than that introduced from the vent holes.
  • the apparatus outer wall 9 is configured by combining external heat insulating panels 9a to 9d installed so as to cover the outer periphery of the cylinder of the container 2 with a space therebetween.
  • a machine room 5 is integrally provided below the container 2 covered with the apparatus outer wall 9.
  • the overall appearance of the device is a substantially quadrangular prism shape. Heat insulation is achieved by the air layer in the space between the container 2 and the external heat insulation panels 9a to 9d, and the double heat insulation structure with the (heat insulation) container 2 stabilizes the apparatus installed outside with little influence from the outside environment. Processing is possible.
  • the external heat insulating panels 9a to 9d may be formed of small units that can be further disassembled. Since the waste disposal apparatus of the present invention is a large-sized apparatus for business use in which the internal volume of the container 2 is 15 m 3 or more, the external heat insulating panel also has a very large size (3 m or more in the longitudinal direction). Construction from a smaller unit panel enables construction with a small number of people. In addition, if the bolts are used to connect the panels, there is a possibility that the holes do not fit due to manufacturing errors. For this reason, it is preferable not to use a bolt etc., but to provide a concavo-convex shape that fits between adjacent panels, and to implement these by fitting them. By adopting the fitting with the uneven shape, it is possible to prevent the deviation at the time of enforcement, and to suppress the deterioration of the heat insulation performance.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the waste treatment apparatus of FIG.
  • the waste treatment apparatus 1 includes a cylindrical vertical container 2, a rotary shaft 3 provided in the vertical direction in the container 2, and a plurality of agitation fixed around the rotary shaft 3.
  • the blade 4 is provided with a blower 6 that is an air supply means into the container 2 and an exhaust blower 7 that is an exhaust means to the outside of the container 2.
  • the lower part of the lowermost stirring blade has a vent hole 4d, and the outside air sent from the blower blower 6 passes through the blower pipe (see FIG.
  • the container 2 has an organic waste inlet 2a and a gas outlet 2c, and a compost (organic waste after treatment) outlet 2b at the bottom.
  • the inlet 2a and the outlet 2b are provided with an openable / closable lid for ensuring the airtightness of the container.
  • a hydraulic unit 8 that is a driving unit of the rotary shaft 3, the above-described blower 6 and exhaust blower 7 are provided.
  • the rotary shaft 3 penetrates into the machine chamber 5 and is rotated at a predetermined rotational speed by the hydraulic unit 8. Since the hydraulic unit 8, the blower 6 and the exhaust blower 7 are housed and integrated in the apparatus, the construction period and construction cost (initial cost) at the time of enforcement can be reduced.
  • the organic waste to be treated includes livestock excrement, food waste, septic tank sludge containing a large amount of organic components. Or mixtures thereof.
  • livestock excretion includes chicken excrement, pig excrement, cattle excrement, horse excrement, etc.
  • food waste includes garbage, food production by-products, etc.
  • Examples include sludge extracted from sludge septic tanks.
  • composting of waste is performed by aerobic fermentation in a container while aeration is performed by blowing air in the presence of aerobic fermentation bacteria.
  • fermenting bacteria that are activated at about 30 to 90 ° C. are preferable, and examples thereof include the genus Geobatisul and Bacillus.
  • the processed product is introduced into the container 2 from the input port 2a, and the processed product is taken out from the outlet 2b at the bottom of the container after fermentation and composting in the container. Fermentation and composting are performed by rotating each stirring blade 4 at a low speed while introducing outside air from the vent holes 4d of the lowermost stirring blade, aeration and stirring the processed material, and aerobic fermentation. Moreover, it is also dried simultaneously by ventilation.
  • the outside air introduced into the container from the vent hole 4d of the lowermost stirring blade flows upward while passing through the processed material, and is exhausted from the exhaust port 2c together with gas and water vapor generated from the processed material (see FIG. 3). Sent to.
  • the apparatus outer wall 9 is formed in a rectangular tube shape that substantially circumscribes the cylindrical outer periphery of the container 2, and thus is formed between the apparatus outer wall 9 and the cylindrical outer periphery of the container 2.
  • the four spaces (A to D) at the corners of the rectangular cylinder are extra spaces having a certain size.
  • FIG. 3 shows a ventilation / exhaust path in the apparatus of FIG. 1 in front (FIG. 3A), right side (FIG. 3B), back (FIG. 3C), left side (FIG. 3D). It is the schematic diagram seen from)).
  • a solid line arrow is a flow of air blown into the container (outside air before being introduced into the container), and a two-dot chain line arrow is a flow of exhaust discharged from the container.
  • the blower blower 6 is installed in the middle of the blower piping path, and the exhaust blower 7 is installed in the middle of the exhaust pipe path including the exhaust passage part.
  • the blower blower 6 outside air is introduced from the outside air inlet 11 into the blower pipe 6a, and the outside air is continuously sent through the blower pipe 6a.
  • exhaust is introduced into the exhaust pipe 7a from the exhaust port 2c, and the exhaust is continuously sent through the exhaust pipe 7a.
  • In the middle of the exhaust pipe 7a there is an exhaust passage portion 7b through which exhaust passes and is filled.
  • the blower pipe 6a is installed through the exhaust passage portion 7b.
  • blower pipe 6a is partially folded in the vertical vertical direction so that it can pass through the exhaust passage portion 7b as long as possible.
  • a ventilation fan 12 is installed at the end of the path of the exhaust pipe 7 a to assist the exhaust by the exhaust blower 7.
  • the exhaust pipe and the blower pipe are connected so as to sequentially pass through the spaces at the four corners. Since the exhaust is heated by a fermentation reaction, the exhaust is at a higher temperature (60 ° C. or higher) than the outside air.
  • the ventilation pipe 6a By passing the ventilation pipe 6a through the exhaust passage 7b, the heat of the exhaust is given to the outside air in the ventilation pipe (heat exchange), and the outside air (air blowing) can be heated to a temperature suitable for the fermentation reaction. .
  • the external heat insulation panel can prevent the heat of the exhaust in the exhaust passage from escaping to the outside of the apparatus.
  • the heat exchange means having such a structure makes it possible to eliminate the need for a heater for heating and blowing air while effectively utilizing the surplus space formed by providing the external heat insulating panel, and can greatly reduce the running cost.
  • deodorizing means such as a water washing deodorizing device and a chip (pumice) deodorizing tank can be installed in the exhaust path.
  • deodorizing means it is possible to reduce the malodor of the exhaust gas while effectively using the surplus space as in the heat exchange means.
  • FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the configuration of the waste disposal apparatus.
  • the waste treatment apparatus 1 of this embodiment includes a cylindrical vertical container 2, a rotary shaft 3 provided in the vertical direction in the container 2, and a plurality of sheets fixed around the rotary shaft 3.
  • This is a closed-type fermentation and drying apparatus (component) comprising a stirring blade 4, a blower blower 6 that is an air supply means into the container 2, and an exhaust blower 7 that is an exhaust means to the outside of the container 2.
  • the container 2 is a large-sized apparatus for business use with an internal volume of 15 m 3 or more.
  • a vent hole 4d is provided at the lower part of the lowermost stirring blade, and outside air (air blowing) sent from the blower blower 6 is introduced into the container through the pipe 6a provided in the rotary shaft.
  • the container 2 that is a fermenter is a heat-insulating container having a metal outer layer and a heat insulating layer, and is an airtight container that is difficult to come into contact with outside air other than that introduced from a vent hole.
  • the container 2 has an organic waste inlet 2a and a gas outlet 2c, and a compost (organic waste after treatment) outlet 2b at the bottom.
  • the exhaust port 2 c is connected to the exhaust blower 7.
  • the inlet 2a and the outlet 2b are provided with lids that can be opened and closed to ensure the hermeticity of the container.
  • a machine room 5 is provided below the container 2, and a hydraulic unit 8 that is a driving unit for the rotating shaft 3 and the above-described blower 6 are provided in the machine room.
  • the rotating shaft 3 penetrates into the machine room 5 and is rotated at a predetermined number of rotations by a driving means.
  • the waste treatment apparatus 1 has an external heat insulation panel installed so that it may cover through the space of the outer periphery of the container 2 similar to FIG. 1 (illustration omitted).
  • the heater 13 for heating the external air sent from the blower blower 6 is provided.
  • the heater 13 is not essential, and for example, heat exchange means (not shown) for heating the outside air introduced from the blower blower 6 into the container using the heat of the exhaust from the exhaust blower 7 may be provided. In this case, a heater can be omitted, and the running cost can be reduced.
  • the form and installation location of the heat exchanging means are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include passing a ventilation pipe before introduction into the container through a deodorizing apparatus filled with exhaust gas.
  • the processed product is introduced into the container 2 from the input port 2a, and the processed product is taken out from the outlet 2b at the bottom of the container after fermentation and composting in the container. Fermentation and composting are performed by rotating each stirring blade 4 at a low speed while introducing outside air from the vent holes 4d of the lowermost stirring blade, aeration and stirring the processed material, and aerobic fermentation. Moreover, it is also dried simultaneously by ventilation.
  • the outside air introduced into the container from the vent hole 4d of the lowermost stirring blade flows upward while passing through the processed material, and is exhausted from the exhaust port 2c together with the gas and water vapor generated from the processed material. This exhaust is forcibly performed by the exhaust blower 7.
  • the air flow rate and the shape of the stirring blade in the waste disposal apparatus of the present invention (shown in FIGS. 1 and 6) will be described in detail.
  • the processed product is a complex mixture including a solid material, a liquid material, and a semi-liquid material, and is partially a lump. For this reason, if a ventilation does not reach the center part, the part of an anaerobic state will increase. In addition, even when the moisture content of the processed product is high, it is difficult for the air to pass through. In this case, decomposition of the organic waste by the anaerobic microorganisms generates lower fatty acids such as propionic acid, normal acetic acid, isovaleric acid, and normal valeric acid, causing a bad odor.
  • ammonia is generated due to the presence of moisture, which similarly causes bad odor.
  • Ammonia is generated by the action of urease (pig manure) and uricase (chicken manure), which are urea degrading enzymes, in the presence of urea and water.
  • (1) air supply means capable of setting the air volume and pressure is set higher than usual, and (2) the shape of the stirring blade is optimized.
  • High processing capacity means that there is a large amount of waste that can be processed in the same time.
  • Completion of processing means that the waste that has been input into the container is taken out with a moisture content of 35% by mass or less.
  • the above-mentioned urea-degrading enzyme is inactivated at 70 ° C. or higher, the activity can be reduced by increasing the high temperature zone of 60 ° C. or higher, and the generation of ammonia can also be suppressed. Further, the drying time can be shortened by the large air volume.
  • the blower blower 6 serving as an air feeding means determines the amount of blown air per minute (m 3 ) introduced into the container from the vent hole of the stirring blade during processing, and the volume of the container (m 3 ) It is a device that can be 1/4 or more of the above.
  • the internal volume of the container in the present invention is mainly targeted for 15 m 3 or more.
  • the internal volume is preferably 15 to 100 m 3 , more preferably 15 to 60 m 3 , and even more preferably 15 to 45 m 3 . Aeration is continued during the treatment period.
  • the upper limit is preferably set to 1 / 2.5 of the internal volume (m 3 ) of the container. Therefore, for example, when the internal volume of the container is 41 m 3 , the air flow rate is preferably 10.3 (41/4) to 16.4 (41 / 2.5) m 3 / min. Further, a more preferable range of the blowing rate per minute (m 3 ) introduced into the container is 1 / 3.5 to 1/3 of the internal volume (m 3 ) of the container.
  • the flow of outside air introduced from the vent hole 4d of the lowermost stirring blade 4 is the inner wall side of the container 2.
  • the ventilation on the rotating shaft 3 side may not be sufficient. This is not preferable because it leads to poor fermentation in the portion on the rotating shaft side.
  • the flow of air flow may also be biased to the outside, resulting in a decrease in temperature at this portion, which may result in poor fermentation.
  • the specified value of the blast volume of a conventional general waste treatment apparatus in the same field as the present invention is about 1/10 to 1/6 of the internal volume (m 3 ) of the container.
  • the blowing rate is about 2.5 to 3 m 3 / min
  • the blowing rate is about 5 to 7 m 3 / min.
  • the blower blower 6 serving as the air supply means it is preferable to use a device that can set the static pressure of the blown air introduced into the container through the air hole of the stirring blade during the treatment to 15 kPa or more. More preferably, it is 20 kPa or more.
  • the static pressure is measured by a pressure gauge provided in the middle of the path from the blower blower to the vent hole of the stirring blade.
  • the air is sufficiently blown to the rotating shaft 3 side, and the bias toward the inner wall side of the container 2 can be prevented. Further, by increasing the blowing pressure, the amount of oxygen per volume is increased and the thermal efficiency is also improved. As a result, the generation of lower fatty acids can be remarkably reduced.
  • a predetermined number of stirring blades 4 are provided in each stage at a plurality of stages, spaced apart from each other by a predetermined interval from the lower part to the upper part of the rotating shaft 3 in the container.
  • the number of stages is five, and the number of stirring blades is three in the first stage from the bottom (one is not shown), two in the second stage, and the third stage.
  • nine are provided, one on the fourth stage, one on the fourth stage, and two on the fifth stage.
  • the number of stages of the stirring blades 4 is not limited to the example shown in each figure, and is preferably provided at a position of at least three stages.
  • the first stage from the bottom is classified as “lower stage”, the second and third stages as “middle stage”, and the fourth and fifth stages as “upper stage”.
  • the uppermost stage is always classified as “upper stage”
  • the lowermost stage is always classified as “lower stage”.
  • at least one stage is set as “middle stage”, and the rest is classified into “upper stage”, “middle stage”, and “lower stage” according to the position.
  • the “upper stage” is in an area above the vertical center position of the container 2, and the “lower stage” is in an area below the vertical center position of the container 2.
  • the number of stirring blades in each stage is not particularly limited, and at least one stirring blade may be provided.
  • the lowermost stirring blade (with a vent hole), it is preferable that three or more blades are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in order to uniformly and sufficiently blow the air to the whole. Note that the load applied to the stirring blade increases from the upper stage to the lower stage, and in each stirring blade, the load applied to the part closer to the main shaft decreases.
  • Waste is not filled in the container 2 as will be described later, and is provided with a space of about 10 to 20%.
  • the stirring blade 4 is disposed in a range from the bottom of the container 2 to the height H of the processed object, and the position of the uppermost stirring blade is positioned at the substantially uppermost part of the processed object.
  • the position of the lowermost stirring blade is preferably slightly above the bottom of the container 2 and a gap is preferably provided between the bottom.
  • the distance between each stage can be arbitrarily determined according to the number of stages with reference to the uppermost stage and the lowermost stage.
  • the stirring blades are provided in a plurality of stages.
  • the stirring blades are only used for stirring (the lowermost stage is also blown), and all stages The same shape of the impeller is used, and the role of each stage has not been sufficiently studied.
  • the role of the stirring blade is clarified in each stage (particularly, the three stages of the lower stage, the middle stage, and the upper stage), and the form thereof is examined based on this.
  • the upper stage (particularly the uppermost stage) is used to promote fermentation by extending the treated product flatly and increasing the contact area with the outside air (introduced from the stirring blade).
  • the middle stage is used to actively agitate the processed product whose temperature has been increased by fermentation heat in the upper stage.
  • the lower stage (particularly the lowermost stage) is mainly used for blowing air entirely because the stirring is completed in the upper stage and the middle stage.
  • the shape of all the stirring blades 4 is a pitched paddle shape linearly extending from the rotating shaft 3 toward the inner wall side of the container 2, and has an inclined surface on the front side in the rotation direction.
  • the inclined surfaces of the stirring blades 4 are planes inclined at an inclination angle of less than 90 degrees (acute angle) with respect to the rotation surface (horizontal plane) of the stirring blades. That is, the angle formed between the rear direction in the rotation direction and the upper direction of the inclined surface is less than 90 degrees.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view in the direction of the rotation axis of the stirring blade at each stage in FIGS. 1 and 6.
  • each stirring blade 4 is joined to the bottom plate 4b parallel (horizontal) to the rotation surface of the stirring blade, the swash plate 4a joined to the bottom plate 4b, and the bottom plate 4b and the swash plate 4a.
  • a bent plate 4c having an L-shaped cross section.
  • the outer surface (planar surface) of the swash plate 4a is the above-mentioned “inclined surface of the stirring blade”, and the swash plate 4a is joined to the front side in the rotational direction of the bottom plate 4b.
  • the other specific structure is not particularly limited to the shape shown in FIG. However, for the lowermost stirring blade, the outside air path described later is required.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ 1 of the inclined surface of the uppermost stirring blade 4 in the upper stage is 60 to 85 degrees, more preferably 60 to 70 degrees, and 62 to 67 degrees. More preferred.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ 3 of the inclined surface of the lower (including the lowermost) stirring blade 4 is 15 to 25 degrees, and more preferably 18 to 22 degrees.
  • the upper stage especially uppermost stage
  • stirring resistance is small and a load is hard to become large even at a high inclination angle.
  • the lower stage has a large stirring resistance because it is the lower part of the processed product, but the load can be reduced by lowering the inclination angle within the above range. Further, since the stirring is completed in the upper stage and the middle stage, even if the inclination angle is lowered and the stirring performance of the portion is lowered, sufficient stirring performance can be exhibited as the entire apparatus. Furthermore, the inclination angle of the lowermost stirring blade does not adversely affect the blowing performance, which is the role of the stirring blade.
  • the inclination angle theta 2 of the inclined surface of the middle of the stirring blades 4 is 35 degrees to 45 degrees, 38 degrees to 42 degrees is more preferable.
  • the middle stage is used to actively agitate the processed product whose temperature has been increased by fermentation heat in the upper stage. In the middle stage, if there is a lot of downward flow, it will lead to a decrease in the contact time and the amount of contact with the outside air, but by using a stirring blade having the above inclination angle, this downward flow is minimized. Can do.
  • the larger the middle inclination angle the better the stirring performance, but the greater the load.
  • Each stirring blade 4 has a hollow portion 4e surrounded by a swash plate 4a, a bottom plate 4b, and a bent plate 4c.
  • a hollow portion 4e of the lowermost stirring blade 4 communicates with the piping in the rotating shaft 3 and forms an outside air path to a vent hole 4d (through hole) provided in the lower part of the bent plate 4c. Since the lower part of the bent plate 4c provided with the vent hole 4d is located on the rear side in the rotational direction, clogging due to the processed material is unlikely to occur.
  • the vent hole is formed only in the lowermost stirring blade. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the vent hole may be formed in the further stirring blade. .
  • vent holes 4d are provided in the longitudinal direction of the stirring blade 4, and the intervals are closer in steps toward the outer side in the longitudinal direction of the stirring blade (inner wall side of the container). It is formed to become.
  • the waste treatment method of the present invention is characterized in that organic waste is composted using the above-described waste treatment apparatus of the present invention.
  • the specific processing procedure is as follows.
  • waste processed material
  • the waste processing apparatus leaving a space of 10 to 20% with respect to the internal volume of the apparatus.
  • the processed product is sufficiently stirred, so that fermentation and drying are efficiently performed.
  • the treated product is fermented and dried under predetermined conditions.
  • A In the case of “batch operation”, the treated product is put into a waste treatment apparatus, the stirring blade is rotated at a low speed, and air (outside air) is introduced from the vent of the lowermost stirring blade for 5 days. Degree fermented and dried. There will be no removal or loading for the last 5 days. Thereafter, about 30% by mass of fermented and dried processed material (compost) is left in the apparatus, and the remaining 70% by mass of compost is taken out. The extracted compost becomes the product. If necessary, this may be granulated.
  • the compost left in the waste treatment apparatus is fermented and dried for about 5 days to be composted while being stirred under the same conditions as the previous one together with the newly added treatment.
  • B In the case of “continuous operation”, the treated product is put into a waste treatment apparatus, fermented and dried for 24 hours, and about 20% by mass of compost is taken out 24 hours after the start of operation. After that, a new processed product for the taken-out amount is charged. In this way, treatment input and compost removal are repeated in a 24-hour cycle.
  • the waste treatment apparatus when used for the first time, it is preferable to add in advance about 30% by mass of the previous compost that has been fermented and taken out from this apparatus. This is because acclimated fermentative bacteria are used.
  • the amount of blown air is introduced into the container within the above range. That is, the blast volume per minute (m 3 ) is set to 1 ⁇ 4 or more of the internal volume (m 3 ) of the container. Moreover, it is preferable to set it as the above-mentioned range (static pressure 15kPa or more) about ventilation pressure. Moreover, the rotation speed of the stirring blade is adjusted in accordance with the moisture content of the processed product. Usually, the rotation speed is adjusted so as to rotate once in 40 to 60 minutes. The moisture content of the treated product also depends on the number of revolutions of the stirring blade, and the moisture content may exceed 35% in either case of being too early or too late. Further, when the moisture content exceeds 35%, it may be difficult to take out from the container.
  • FIG. 6 A waste processing apparatus shown in FIG. 6 having an internal volume of 41 m 3 was used with raw pig feces (water content: 73%) as a raw material.
  • the diameter of the container bottom is 4200 mm.
  • the apparatus configuration is as shown in FIG. A total of nine stirring blades were fixed in five stages around the rotation axis, and two or more stages were provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
  • the angle of the inclined surface of the stirring blade (5-stage configuration) is 20 degrees (lowermost stage), 40 degrees, 40 degrees, 40 degrees, 65 degrees (uppermost stage) from the lower stage, and the rotation direction width is 190 mm.
  • the longitudinal length is 1900 mm.
  • the rotation of the stirring blade was adjusted to 40 to 60 minutes per rotation, and the amount of air blown by the blower blower (m 3 / min) was changed to investigate the processing amount that can be processed in one day.
  • the air blowing was introduced by heating to 60 ° C. with a heater. Exhaust was performed constantly at 37 m 3 / min.
  • the processing amount in each blast amount it is determined whether the raw material can be taken out with an arbitrary amount of the above-mentioned raw material in the container, and the moisture content can be taken out with a moisture content of 35% by mass or less in one day processing time.
  • the upper limit processing amount was obtained.
  • the outside air temperature during the test is an average of 15 ° C.
  • FIG. 8A is an example
  • FIG. 8B is a comparative example, each showing a relationship between the air flow rate and the processing amount.
  • the processing amount decreases when the air flow rate is a certain level or more.
  • the processing amount increases in proportion to the blown amount, and it can be seen that the absolute amount of the processing amount is large even though the apparatus has the same volume as the comparative example.
  • the blowing amount (m 3 ) and the processing amount (t) that can be processed in one day will be examined.
  • the processing amount is 8.0 (t)
  • the air flow rate (m 3 ) / processing amount (t) 1.56.
  • the processing amount in the case of an air blowing amount of 6.0 (m 3 ) is 4.0 (t)
  • the air blowing amount (m 3 ) / processing amount (t) 1.50.
  • the relationship between the air flow rate (m 3 ) and the processing amount (t) that can be processed in one day has a certain degree of correlation for each apparatus configuration. From the above results, it can be seen that, in the waste treatment apparatus of the present invention, when the blast volume (m 3 ) is X and the treatment volume (t) is Y, (X / Y) ⁇ 1.7.
  • the rotation of the stirring blade is adjusted to 40 to 60 minutes per rotation, the amount of air blown by the blower blower (m 3 / min) is changed, and the concentration of the lower fatty acid discharged from the exhaust port (mg / L) is investigated. I did it.
  • the air blowing was introduced by heating to 60 ° C. with a heater. Exhaust was performed constantly at 37 m 3 / min. The concentration of the lower fatty acid was measured by a liquid chromatographic method after 24 hours of condensation of exhaust gas.
  • Treatment time is 1 day (24 hours), raw material input to the container is in proportion to the air blowing amount, 9m 3 / In min 5540kg, 11m 3 / In min 6770kg, 13m 3 / In min 8000 kg, 15 m 3 / min Then, it was 9230 kg.
  • FIG. 9 shows the measurement results of the concentration of the lower fatty acid with respect to each blowing amount. As shown in FIG. 9, it can be seen that the concentration of the lower fatty acid is reduced as a whole by increasing the air flow rate in the apparatus of the present invention.
  • the lower fatty acid concentration (mg / L) was investigated in the devices of the above-described Examples and Comparative Examples. About an Example, it is the case of air volume 13m ⁇ 3 > / min * input amount 8000kg / day, and a comparative example is the case of air volume 5m ⁇ 3 > / min * input amount 3000kg / day.
  • the concentration of the lower fatty acid was measured by a liquid chromatographic method after 24 hours of condensation of exhaust gas.
  • the rotation of the stirring blade is adjusted to 40 to 60 minutes per rotation, the static pressure (kPa) of the blower blower is changed, and the concentration of the lower fatty acid (mg / L) discharged from the exhaust port is investigated. It was.
  • the static pressure was measured with a pressure gauge (KP15-17G manufactured by Nagano Keiki Co., Ltd.) provided in the middle of the path from the blower blower to the vent hole of the stirring blade.
  • the air blowing was introduced by heating to 60 ° C. with a heater. Exhaust was performed constantly at 37 m 3 / min.
  • the concentration of the lower fatty acid was measured by a liquid chromatographic method after 24 hours of condensation of exhaust gas.
  • the treatment time was 1 day (24 hours), and the amount charged into the container was proportional to the blowing pressure, 3000 kg at 5 kPa, 4000 kg at 15 kPa, 5000 kg at 25 kPa, 8000 kg at 35 kPa, and 9000 kg at 45 kPa.
  • FIG. 11 The measurement result of the concentration of the lower fatty acid with respect to each blowing pressure is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 11, it can be seen that the concentration of the lower fatty acid is reduced as a whole by increasing the blowing pressure (static pressure) in the apparatus of the present invention.
  • the waste treatment apparatus of the present invention is low in cost and excellent in appearance, and can be stably treated with little influence from the external environment.
  • relatively simple means are used, the processing capacity is high, and the amount of malodorous substances generated can be reduced.
  • it can be suitably used as a closed-type fermentation drying device (component) for composting organic waste such as livestock excretion discharged from livestock management bodies and food residues discharged from food industry establishments. .

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de traitement des déchets qui est peu coûteux, présente un excellent aspect externe, a un impact minimal sur l'environnement extérieur, et permet d'effectuer un traitement stable. Ce dispositif (1) de traitement des déchets comprend : un récipient vertical cylindrique circulaire (2) comportant une lame d'agitation, etc., agencée en son sein ; et une paroi externe (9) de dispositif tubulaire quadrangulaire qui circonscrit sensiblement la périphérie externe cylindrique circulaire dudit récipient (2). La paroi externe (9) de dispositif est constituée par combinaison de panneaux externes (9a à 9d) d'isolation thermique qui sont disposés de sorte à recouvrir la périphérie externe cylindrique circulaire du récipient (2), un espace étant ménagé entre ceux-ci. Un moyen d'échange de chaleur qui chauffe, à l'aide de la chaleur d'un gaz d'échappement, l'air extérieur introduit dans le récipient (2) est prévu dans les quatre espaces redondants (A à D) au niveau des coins du tube quadrangulaire.
PCT/JP2015/055089 2014-02-24 2015-02-23 Dispositif de traitement des déchets et procédé de traitement des déchets WO2015125962A1 (fr)

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JP2021159800A (ja) * 2020-03-30 2021-10-11 宇部興産株式会社 発酵乾燥物の製造方法、セメントクリンカーの製造方法、及び、発酵乾燥物の使用方法

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CN110131981A (zh) * 2019-06-14 2019-08-16 新沂金瑞特石英材料有限公司 一种箱体式石英砂烘干装置

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