WO2015125918A1 - 微小粒子測定装置 - Google Patents
微小粒子測定装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015125918A1 WO2015125918A1 PCT/JP2015/054786 JP2015054786W WO2015125918A1 WO 2015125918 A1 WO2015125918 A1 WO 2015125918A1 JP 2015054786 W JP2015054786 W JP 2015054786W WO 2015125918 A1 WO2015125918 A1 WO 2015125918A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fine particle measuring apparatus used for a flow cytometer, a cell sorter, or the like.
- a flow cytometer as one of the devices for analyzing the type, size, shape, structure, etc. of fine particles such as cells, microorganisms, and microbeads.
- fine particles are flowed in a line in a flow path, and light is irradiated to the fine particles when the fine particles pass through a predetermined region.
- the characteristic of this microparticle is optically measured by detecting the scattered light, fluorescence, etc. which are emitted from a microparticle (refer nonpatent literature 1).
- cells labeled with a fluorescent dye are irradiated with excitation light such as laser light, and thereby the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent dye is converted into a wavelength selection element such as a bandpass filter or a dichroic mirror. Detect through.
- a wavelength selection element such as a bandpass filter or a dichroic mirror.
- the number of wavelength selection elements and light receivers corresponding to the number of fluorescent wavelength bands to be measured are required. Therefore, when the number of fluorescent wavelength bands increases, the number of wavelength selection elements and light receivers increases correspondingly, and an optical path from the wavelength selection elements to the light receivers must be secured accordingly, resulting in an increase in the size of the apparatus.
- the combination of the excitation light wavelength band and the fluorescence wavelength band is determined for each fluorescent dye, usually, by selecting a fluorescent dye whose excitation light wavelength does not overlap with the fluorescence wavelength band of another fluorescent dye, The fluorescence emitted from each fluorescent dye is separated from the excitation light of another fluorescent dye as well as its own excitation light.
- the fluorescence wavelength band of one fluorescent dye and the excitation wavelength band of another fluorescent dye may overlap, making it difficult to separate and detect only the fluorescence intensity.
- the microparticles are flowed in a line in a single flow path, and light is irradiated to individual microparticles that pass through a predetermined detection region. Processing capacity is low. Although it is conceivable to increase the flow rate of the microparticles flowing in the flow path in order to increase the processing capability, there is a limit to increasing the flow rate because the microparticles are damaged or destroyed as the flow rate increases.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a microparticle measuring apparatus capable of simultaneously measuring the optical characteristics of a plurality of microparticles at high speed.
- the fine particle measuring apparatus of the present invention made to solve the above problems is a) a translucent sample container for holding a sample containing fine particles; b) a light irradiation means for irradiating the sample held in the sample container with linear light; c) a splitting optical system that splits the measurement light emitted from the microparticles irradiated with the light from the light irradiation means into a first measurement light and a second measurement light; d) optical path length difference providing means for providing an optical path length difference between the first measurement light and the second measurement light; e) a cylindrical lens that collects and interferes with the first measurement light and the second measurement light on the same straight line; f) a detector for detecting a longitudinal intensity distribution of the interference light of the first measurement light and the second measurement light; g) A processing unit that obtains an interferogram of light emitted from the microparticles based on the intensity distribution of the interference light detected by the detection unit, and obtains a spectrum by Fourier transforming the inter
- the splitting optical system includes a first transmission part whose incident surface and output surface are parallel, and an incident surface and output which are arranged side by side with the first transmission part. Emitted from an optical member having a wedge-shaped second transmitting portion whose other surface is inclined with respect to one of the surfaces, a non-transmitting portion that does not transmit light, and fine particles irradiated with light from the light irradiation means
- the measurement light to be converted into parallel rays is made incident on both the incident surface of the first transmission part and the incident surface of the second transmission part, and the light that has passed through the sample container as the light from the light irradiation means
- the division prevention unit is configured by the non-transmission part
- the optical path length difference provision unit is configured by the first transmission unit and the optical transmission unit. It is comprised from a 2nd permeation
- the splitting optical system is configured such that the entrance surface and the exit surface are parallel to each other, and the entrance surface in which the entrance surface and the exit surface are arranged side by side.
- An optical element that is collimated into light and incident on both the incident surface of the first transmissive portion and the incident surface of the second transmissive portion, and the division preventing means includes the incident surface of the first transmissive portion and It can comprise from the filter which interrupts
- the optical path length difference providing unit includes the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit.
- the light (excitation light) emitted from the light irradiation means applied to the sample held in the sample container passes without hitting the fine particles, and the light generated by the interaction between the fine particles and the excitation light.
- Light having the same wavelength as that of the excitation light is blocked by the filter, and light having a wavelength different from that of the excitation light, such as Raman scattered light or fluorescence, passes through the filter and enters the first transmission part and the second transmission part. . Therefore, in the above configuration, the light transmitted from the microparticles and transmitted through the first transmission part is the first measurement light, and the light transmitted through the second transmission part is the second measurement light.
- the filter examples include an edge filter (short-pass filter, long-pass filter) that blocks light on a longer wavelength side than a specific wavelength or light on a short wavelength side, a notch filter that blocks light in a specific wavelength range, and a specific wavelength. Any one or a combination of bandpass filters that transmit light in a range can be used.
- the split optical system includes a first reflective surface having a first non-reflective region and a second reflective surface having a second non-reflective region. Reflective optical member and measurement light emitted from microparticles irradiated with light from the light irradiating means are converted into parallel rays and divided and incident on both the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface, An optical element that makes the light from the light irradiation means that has passed through the sample container incident on the first non-reflective region and the second non-reflective region, and in this case, The division preventing means includes the first non-reflective region and the second non-reflective region.
- the optical path length difference providing unit may be configured by a moving unit that relatively moves the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface, and the optical path length difference providing unit may include the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface. It can be realized by tilting either one with respect to a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the measurement light. In this case, the measurement light reflected by the first reflection unit becomes the first measurement light, and the measurement light reflected by the second reflection unit becomes the second measurement light.
- the light irradiated to the sample from the light irradiation means is preferably light having a width substantially the same as the size of the fine particles.
- the sample container may be configured to include a measurement flow path in which a plurality of flow paths having a size that flows in a state where the fine particles are arranged one by one are arranged in parallel.
- the light irradiating means irradiates linear light to a linear region extending over a plurality of measurement channels.
- the sample container may be constituted by a disc-shaped holding plate having an upper surface to which a sample containing fine particles is applied, and a rotating means for rotating the holding plate about the center of the disc may be provided.
- the light irradiation means may irradiate light on a linear region extending in the radial direction from the rotation center of the holding plate toward the outer peripheral edge. According to such a structure, light can be irradiated to the whole sample apply
- the sample held in the sample container is irradiated with linear light, and thus a plurality of microparticles existing in the irradiation region are irradiated with light collectively. Can do.
- the light transmitted from the light irradiation means and transmitted through the sample container is prevented from being divided by the splitting optical system, only the measurement light emitted from each of the plurality of microparticles is used as the first measurement light and the second measurement light.
- the intensity distribution of the interference light of the first and second measurement lights can be detected by dividing the measurement light.
- the detected intensity distribution of the interference light of the first and second measurement lights obtains an interferogram, and a spectrum is obtained by Fourier transforming the interferogram. Therefore, in the present invention, the optical characteristics of a plurality of fine particles can be measured simultaneously and at high speed.
- the microparticle measurement apparatus In the microparticle measurement apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention, light such as scattered light and fluorescence emitted from the microparticles is converted into parallel rays by the optical element and continuously transmitted through the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit. The optical path length difference is given. Then, the light is condensed on the same straight line by the cylindrical lens, and the intensity distribution in the longitudinal direction of the interference light is detected by the detection unit. Therefore, an interferogram is obtained from the intensity distribution, and the spectrum of light emitted from the microparticles can be obtained by Fourier transforming the interferogram.
- the light transmitted from the light irradiating means, the light transmitted through the sample container, and the light emitted from the microparticles in the sample from the light irradiating means Light of the same wavelength is removed by the filter. For this reason, light having a wavelength different from that of light emitted from the light irradiation means, such as Raman scattered light and fluorescence, can be detected with high sensitivity.
- light such as scattered light and fluorescence emitted from the microparticles is collimated by the optical element, reflected by the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface, and the optical path length.
- a continuous optical path length difference is given by the difference giving means. Then, since the light is condensed on the same straight line by the cylindrical lens and the intensity distribution of the interference light is detected by the detection unit, an interferogram is obtained from the intensity distribution, and the interferogram is subjected to Fourier transform to obtain a microparticle. The spectrum of the light emitted from can be obtained.
- the light transmitted through the sample container out of the light irradiated from the light irradiation means is incident on the first non-reflective region and the second non-reflective region, and therefore is not reflected by the first and second reflective surfaces. . Therefore, the light from the light irradiation means that passes through the sample container as it is without being irradiated to the microparticles is not detected by the detection unit, and only the spectrum of the light emitted from the microparticles is obtained. Can do. Thus, in the third aspect of the present invention, only the spectrum of the light emitted from the microparticles can be obtained. Therefore, means for separating the light emitted from the microparticles for each wavelength, excitation light and fluorescence A means for separating is not required, and an increase in size of the apparatus can be suppressed.
- FIG. It is an optical path explanatory drawing of excitation light, (a) is a top view, (b) is a perspective view, (c) is a side view. It is optical path explanatory drawing of the light (measurement light) emitted from the microparticle, Comprising: (a) is a top view, (b) is a perspective view, (c) is a side view.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a microparticle measuring apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a top view, (a-1) is a front view of the first reflecting surface, and (a-2) is a top view.
- the front view of a 2nd reflective surface, (b) is a side view which abbreviate
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an optical path of excitation light, where (a) is a top view, (a-1) is a front view of the first reflecting surface, (a-2) is a front view of the second reflecting surface, and (b) is a cylindrical surface.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a microparticle measuring apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- 1A is a top view and FIG. 1B is a side view.
- This optical characteristic measuring apparatus includes a light source 10, a cylindrical lens 12, a multi-channel 14, an objective lens 16, a transmission phase shifter 18, a cylindrical lens 20 as an imaging lens, and a two-dimensional array device 22 such as a two-dimensional CCD camera. (Corresponding to the detection unit of the present invention).
- the multi-channel 14 corresponds to the sample container of the present invention, and is composed of a rectangular plate 142 having a plurality of channels 141 having a fine width as shown in FIG.
- the width of each channel 141 is set to an appropriate value according to the size of the target microparticle.
- the plurality of channels 141 are parallel to each other, and one detection window 143 is formed in each channel 141.
- the detection window 143 is formed of a light-transmitting material such as glass or plastic.
- the detection windows 143 of the plurality of flow paths 141 are located on the same straight line, and the light from the light source 10 is collected by the cylindrical lenses 12 on the plurality of detection windows 143 so that the cylindrical lenses 12 and the multi-flow paths 14 are collected.
- the arrangement is set. As described above, in this embodiment, linear light is irradiated to the multi-channel 14, and the light source 10 and the cylindrical lens 12 constitute light irradiation means.
- a sample supply unit (not shown) for supplying a liquid sample containing microparticles in the flow channel 141 is disposed upstream of the multi-flow channel 14.
- the sample supply unit introduces the sheath liquid together with the sample containing the microparticles so that a laminar flow maintained at a constant flow rate is formed in each channel 141 of the multi-channel 14.
- the two-dimensional array device 22 is composed of, for example, a two-dimensional CCD camera, and is arranged so that the light receiving surface of the two-dimensional array device 22 is positioned on the imaging surface of the cylindrical lens 20.
- the detection signal of the two-dimensional array device 22 is input to the processing unit 24.
- the processing unit 24 obtains an interferogram from the detection signal from the two-dimensional array device 22. This interferogram is mathematically Fourier-transformed by the calculation unit 26, and as a result, spectral characteristics (spectrum) that is relative intensity for each wavelength of the measurement light are obtained.
- the transmission type phase shifter 18 is composed of a substantially rectangular plate-like optical member as a whole having a first transmission part 181 and a second transmission part 182 which are transmission type optical members.
- the first transmission part 181 is made of an optical member having a constant thickness with the entrance surface and the exit surface parallel to each other.
- the second transmissive portion 182 has a wedge-shaped optical member having an incident surface that is inclined with respect to the incident surface of the first transmissive portion 181 and an output surface that is flush with the output surface of the first transmissive portion 181. Consists of.
- the incident surface of the second transmission part 182 is such that the thickness of the second transmission part 182 at the boundary surface between the first transmission part 181 and the second transmission part 132 gradually decreases from one side to the other side. It is inclined to become.
- the inclination angle of the incident surface of the second transmission unit 182 is determined by the phase shift amount determined by the wave number resolution and the sampling interval for each pixel of the two-dimensional array device 22, but there is no problem even if they are slightly shifted.
- the 1st transmission part 181 and the 2nd transmission part 182 may each be comprised from another optical member, and the 2nd transmission part 182 in which the incident surface inclines by processing the lower half part of a rectangular plate-shaped optical member. It is also good.
- a light shielding plate 30 is disposed in the vicinity of the boundary on the incident surface side of the first transmission part 181 and the second transmission part 182 of the transmission type phase shifter 18.
- the light shielding plate 30 has a very small width of several mm to several tens of ⁇ m that covers the vicinity of the boundary between the first transmission part 181 and the second transmission part 182, and is formed of a member that does not transmit light from the light source 10. .
- the light shielding plate 30 corresponds to the division preventing means (non-transmissive portion) of the present invention.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 an optical path of light (excitation light) emitted from the light source toward the cylindrical lens 12 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 in which the light shielding plate 30 is removed from the measurement apparatus.
- the light emitted from the light source 10 and incident on the cylindrical lens 12 is collected on the detection window 143 of the multi-channel 14.
- a measurement light beam such as fluorescence or scattered light is emitted from the microparticles P (see FIG. 2) passing through the detection window 143, and the measurement light beam is incident on the objective lens 16 and then converted into a parallel light beam so as to be a transmission type phase.
- the light enters the first transmission part 181 and the second transmission part 182 of the shifter 18.
- a part of the light incident on the detection window 143 passes through the flow path 141 as it is without hitting the fine particles and enters the objective lens 16.
- the light incident on the objective lens 16 is condensed near the boundary between the first transmission part 181 and the second transmission part 182 by the objective lens 16, and then transmitted through the first transmission part 181 and the second transmission part 182 to be diffused light.
- Is incident on the cylindrical lens 20 As a result, it is incident on the light receiving surface as diffuse light having a width without being condensed by the cylindrical lens 20 (see FIG. 3). Therefore, the objective lens 16 corresponds to the optical element of the present invention.
- the measurement light beam transmitted through the first transmission unit 181 and the second transmission unit 182 enters the cylindrical lens 20 as the first measurement light beam and the second measurement light beam, respectively.
- the incident surface and the exit surface of the first transmission unit 181 are parallel, the first measurement light beam incident on the cylindrical lens 20 is collinear with the light receiving surface of the two-dimensional array device 22 in phase.
- the incident surface of the second transmission part 182 is inclined with respect to the exit surface, the second measurement light beam is incident on the cylindrical lens 20 with its wavefront inclined along the incident surface. Also on the light receiving surface of the two-dimensional array device 22, the light is condensed on the same straight line with the wave front inclined (see FIG. 4). In FIG.
- the measurement light emitted from the microparticles and the other light are incident on the light receiving surface of the two-dimensional array device 22 without being separated.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the spectral relative intensity and spectral absorption characteristics of the fine particles (component A to component C) measured by the measuring apparatus.
- the spectral relative intensity has been described above, the spectral absorption characteristics can be similarly obtained.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of a spectroscopic measurement result obtained based on signals from the pixels 1 to n of the two-dimensional array device respectively corresponding to the detection windows (1 to n) of the multi-channel.
- the spectral relative intensity or / and spectral absorption characteristics of each component are stored in advance in the storage unit 28 in association with the type of component, and the spectral measurement result and storage unit of each pixel of the two-dimensional light receiving device 22 are stored. From the comparison with the spectral relative intensity stored in 28, the component that has passed through each detection window 143 is specified.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a microparticle measuring apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the arrangement of the light source 10 and the cylindrical lens 12 with respect to the multi-channel 14.
- the optical path from the multi-channel 14 to the objective lens 16 and the transmissive phase shifter 18 and the optical path from the light source 10 to the multi-channel 14 through the cylindrical lens 12 intersect each other.
- a light source 10 and a cylindrical lens 12 are disposed.
- the light that has passed through the multi-channel 14 without hitting the fine particles out of the light that has entered the multi-channel 14 from the light source 10 through the cylindrical lens 12 does not enter the objective lens 16. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent light other than the measurement light emitted from the microparticles from entering the transmissive phase shifter 18.
- the reflection type phase shifter 50 is disposed at the subsequent stage of the objective lens 16 and includes a beam splitter 51, a first reflection surface 52, and a second reflection surface 53.
- the side surface of the beam splitter 51 that faces the incident surface is slightly inclined with respect to the incident surface, and the first reflecting surface 52 is provided on the inclined side surface.
- a second reflecting surface 53 is provided on a side surface located between the incident surface of the beam splitter 51 and the first reflecting surface 52.
- the first reflecting surface 52 and the second reflecting surface 53 are formed by evaporating a metal film or the like on the side surface of the beam splitter 51, for example.
- the first reflecting surface 52 is vertically divided into two, and a first non-reflecting region 521 is formed between the upper reflecting surface and the lower reflecting surface.
- the second reflecting surface 53 is also divided into upper and lower portions, and a second non-reflecting region 531 is formed between the upper reflecting surface and the lower reflecting surface.
- non-reflective areas 521 and 531 are formed by not depositing a metal film or the like on the side surface of the beam splitter 51, and the light beam incident on the non-reflective areas 521 and 531 passes through the non-reflective area.
- the measurement apparatus In the measurement apparatus, light emitted from a light source (not shown) and incident on the cylindrical lens 12 is collected on the detection window 143 of the multi-channel 14. As a result, the sample solution passing through the plurality of detection windows 143 is irradiated with linear light, and as a result, measurement light such as fluorescence and scattered light is emitted from the microparticles P (see FIG. 2).
- the measurement light is incident on the objective lens 16, converted into parallel rays, and incident on the beam splitter 51 of the reflective phase shifter 50. Part of the measurement light incident on the beam splitter 51 (first measurement light) is transmitted through the joint surface of the beam splitter 51 toward the first reflection surface 52, and the rest (second measurement light) is transmitted from the beam splitter 51.
- the first measurement light directed toward the first reflecting surface 52 is reflected by the first reflecting surface 52, is then reflected again by the joint surface of the beam splitter 51, and enters the cylindrical lens 20.
- the second measurement light directed toward the second reflecting surface 53 is reflected by the second reflecting surface 53, then passes through the joint surface of the beam splitter 51 and enters the cylindrical lens 20. Since the first reflection surface 52 is inclined, the first measurement light incident on the cylindrical lens 20 is condensed on a straight line with the wave front inclined on the light receiving surface of the two-dimensional array device 22.
- the second measurement light incident on the cylindrical lens 20 is collinear with the first measurement light beam in a state where the phase is aligned with the light receiving surface of the two-dimensional array device 22 because the second reflecting surface 53 is not inclined. Condensate.
- a part of the light incident on the detection window 143 passes through the flow path 141 as it is without hitting the fine particles, enters the objective lens 16, and enters the beam splitter 51.
- the light that has passed through the objective lens 16 from the light source through the detection window 143 is condensed in the first non-reflective region 521 of the first reflective surface 52 and the second non-reflective region 531 of the second reflective surface 53.
- the position of the joint surface of the beam splitter 51 of the reflection type phase shifter 50 is set.
- a part of the light from the light source that is transmitted through the detection window 143 as it is and incident on the objective lens 16 is transmitted through the joint surface of the beam splitter 51, passes through the first non-reflective region 521, and the first reflective surface. Exit 52. Further, part of the light from the light source that is transmitted through the detection window 143 as it is and incident on the objective lens 16 is reflected by the joint surface of the beam splitter 51 and passes through the second non-reflective region 531 to be second reflected. It escapes behind the surface 53. For this reason, only the measurement light emitted by the fine particles is directed to the cylindrical lens 20 and is detected by the two-dimensional light receiving device 22 as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 shows the overall configuration of a microparticle measuring apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- This embodiment is characterized in that a disk-shaped sample container 60 is used.
- the sample container 60 is formed of a light-transmitting member such as plastic or glass, and is configured to be rotated by a drive motor (not shown).
- a sample containing fine particles is applied to the upper surface of the sample container 60.
- a multi-condensing illumination 62 is disposed below the sample container 60, and irradiates linear light to a region extending in the radial direction from the center of the lower surface of the sample container 60.
- a measuring device 64 that measures scattered light emitted from microparticles in the sample applied to the upper surface of the sample container 60 is disposed on the upper part of the sample container 60.
- the measurement device 64 includes an objective lens, first and second transmission parts, a cylindrical lens, and a detection part as described in the first embodiment, for example, and can measure the spectral characteristics of scattered light.
- the fourth embodiment is suitable as a device for detecting malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes contained in blood, for example.
- Malaria is one of the infectious diseases developed by overseas travelers, and is a disease in which malaria parasites invade the body through an anopheles vector.
- malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes are detected, but in the early stage of infection, the ratio of infected erythrocytes in the total erythrocytes is very low, about 1-2%, and is difficult to detect.
- the mortality rate increases as the proportion of infected red blood cells increases, detection of infected red blood cells in the early diagnosis of infection is desired.
- the spectral characteristics of red blood cells contained in blood can be efficiently measured by applying blood to the upper surface of the sample container 60 in the form of a film having a thickness of about one red blood cell.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of the result of measuring blood containing malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes with the measuring apparatus according to the present example.
- FIG. 13 shows that specific light absorption, which is not found in normal erythrocytes, is observed in plasmodium-infected erythrocytes.
- a microparticle measurement apparatus is a Raman analyzer that detects and quantifies fine particles by detecting Raman scattered light emitted from fine particles contained in a liquid sample.
- a filter 70 is arranged on the incident surface side of the transmission phase shifter 18 instead of the light shielding plate 30 (see FIG. 1). Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the filter 70 is disposed on the optical path between the objective lens 16 and the phase shifter 18, and faces the entire incident surface of the first transmission unit 181 and the second transmission unit 182 that constitute the phase shifter 18. It has a size and shape.
- the light traveling from the detection window 143 of the multi-channel 14 through the objective lens 16 toward the first transmission unit 181 and the second transmission unit 182 enters the filter 70, and the light transmitted through the filter 70 is first transmitted.
- the light enters the part 181 and the second transmission part 182.
- the filter 70 is a notch filter that blocks light (excitation light) incident on the detection window 143 of the multi-channel 14 from the light source and transmits light of other wavelengths. For this reason, among the light emitted from the light source, the light having the same wavelength as that of the excitation light passing through the detection window 143 of the multi-channel 14 and the light emitted from the microparticles irradiated with the excitation light is blocked. Then, Raman scattered light having a wavelength different from that of the excitation light enters the phase shifter 18. As described above, the light emitted from the microparticles enters the incident surfaces of both the first transmission unit 181 and the second transmission unit 182 as scattered light having a width. Characteristics can be acquired.
- Raman scattered light is a type of scattered light generated by the interaction between a substance and light. Most of the scattered light is Rayleigh scattered light having the same wavelength as the excitation light, but some of the scattered light includes Raman scattered light having a wavelength different from that of the excitation light. Since the energy corresponding to the difference between the wavelength of the Raman scattered light and the wavelength of the excitation light reflects the energy of the natural vibration of the material, the material can be specified by obtaining the energy. Moreover, a substance can be quantified from the intensity of Raman scattered light. Therefore, if the Raman scattered light generated from the microparticles in the sample is detected by irradiating the sample with excitation light and the spectral characteristics thereof are acquired, the qualitative and quantitative determination of the microparticles can be performed. Since the Raman scattered light is very weak compared to the Rayleigh scattered light and the excitation light, the detection sensitivity of the Raman scattered light can be increased by removing the excitation light and the Rayleigh scattered light by the filter 70.
- a laser light source that emits monochromatic light for example, a solid-state laser such as a YAG laser or a YVO4 laser, or a gas laser such as an Ar laser is preferable.
- a two-dimensional array device 22 composed of the CCD camera shown in the first embodiment a two-dimensional array device composed of a photomultiplier tube can be used as the detector.
- a notch filter is used as the filter 70, but an edge filter may be used.
- an edge filter (long-pass filter) that transmits light on the longer wavelength side than the lower limit value of the wavelength band of Raman scattered light and an edge filter that transmits light on the shorter wavelength side than the upper limit value of the wavelength band of Raman scattered light ( The excitation light may be removed by using a combination of a short pass filter.
- microparticle measuring apparatus is also applied to a fluorescence spectroscopic measuring apparatus that performs qualitative and quantitative determination of microparticles based on spectral characteristics of fluorescence emitted from microparticles in a sample when irradiated with excitation light.
- Fluorescence emission refers to a phenomenon in which when a substance is irradiated with excitation light of a specific wavelength, energy that has absorbed the energy of excitation light is released as light when returning from the excited state to the ground state.
- the substance can be specified by obtaining the fluorescence wavelength, and the substance can be quantified from the fluorescence intensity. it can. Therefore, when the sample contains cells or microorganisms labeled with a fluorescent dye, minerals that have a fluorescent emission action, etc., the fluorescence generated from the microparticles in the sample is detected by irradiating the sample with excitation light, and the spectrum is detected. If the characteristics are acquired, the qualitative and quantitative determination of the fine particles can be performed. Since the fluorescence wavelength is generally longer than the excitation wavelength, the sensitivity of fluorescence detection can be increased by using an edge filter (long pass filter) that blocks light on the shorter wavelength side than the excitation wavelength as the filter 70.
- edge filter long pass filter
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made.
- the light from the light source 10 is converted into linear light by the cylindrical lens 12, but the light from the light source is converted into linear light by using a concave mirror instead of the cylindrical lens. You may make it convert into.
- an optical member such as a cylindrical lens or a concave mirror that collects light from the light source on the detection window 143 is not essential.
- an area other than the detection window 143 of the multi-channel 14 is used. May be shielded so that light from the light source 10 does not enter the region.
- a light source that emits linear light having a shape equivalent to that of the detection window 143 may be used.
- FIG. 15A shows a vertical side view of the multi-channel 14 used in the first to fifth embodiments
- FIG. 15B shows a vertical side view of the multi-channel 14A according to the modification.
- the light incident side end surface of the partition member 145 that divides the inside into a plurality of channels 141 is a flat surface, but in the multi-channel 14A, the incident side of the partition member 145A The end surface is curved. Due to such a difference in configuration, scattered light generated when the incident light hits the end face of the partition member 145A is reduced in the multi-channel 14A compared to the multi-channel 14.
- the filter 70 may be disposed on the optical path between the reflective phase shifter 50 and the objective lens 16.
- the non-reflective areas 521 and 531 provided on the first reflecting surface 52 and the second reflecting surface 53 can be omitted.
- a microparticle measuring device has been described. However, a means for sorting microparticles contained in a sample for each spectral characteristic and a microparticle after sorting are classified after each microparticle measuring device. If a means to take is provided, it can be configured as a flow cytometer or a cell sorter.
- SYMBOLS 10 Light source 12 ... Cylindrical lens 14 ... Multi flow path 141, 141A ... Flow path 142 ... Plate 143 ... Detection window 16 ... Objective lens 18 ... Transmission type phase shifter 181 ... 1st transmission part 182 ... 2nd transmission part 20 ... Cylindrical Lens (imaging lens) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 22 ... Two-dimensional light receiving device 24 ... Processing part 26 ... Operation part 28 ... Memory
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Abstract
Description
また、蛍光色素毎に励起光波長帯と蛍光波長帯の組み合わせが決まっているため、通常は、励起光波長が別の蛍光色素の蛍光波長帯と重複しないような蛍光色素を選択することにより、各蛍光色素から発せられる蛍光を、それ自身の励起光はもちろん、別の蛍光色素の励起光とも分離している。ところが、測定対象となる蛍光色素が増えると、ある蛍光色素の蛍光波長帯と別の蛍光色素の励起波長帯が重複する場合があり、蛍光強度のみを分離して検出することが難しくなる。
a) 微小粒子を含む試料を保持する透光性を有する試料容器と、
b) 前記試料容器に保持された試料に対して直線状の光を照射する光照射手段と、
c) 前記光照射手段からの光が照射された微小粒子から発せられる測定光を第1測定光と第2測定光に分割する分割光学系と、
d) 前記第1測定光と前記第2測定光の間に光路長差を付与する光路長差付与手段と、
e) 前記第1測定光と前記第2測定光を同一直線上に集光させて干渉させるシリンドリカルレンズと、
f) 前記第1測定光と前記第2測定光の干渉光の長手方向の強度分布を検出する検出部と、
g) 前記検出部で検出される前記干渉光の強度分布に基づき前記微小粒子から発せられた光のインターフェログラムを求め、このインターフェログラムをフーリエ変換することによりスペクトルを取得する処理部と
を備え、
前記光照射手段からの光であって前記試料容器を透過した光が前記分割光学系により分割されることを阻止する分割阻止手段を備えることを特徴とする。
上記構成においては、前記第1透過部を透過した測定光が第1測定光となり、前記第2透過部を透過した測定光が第2測定光となる。
また、前記光路長差付与手段は、前記第1反射面及び前記第2反射面を相対的に移動させる移動手段から構成しても良く、前記第1反射面及び前記第2反射面のうちのいずれか一方を測定光の光軸に垂直な面に対して傾斜させることで実現することができる。
この場合、前記第1反射部で反射された測定光が第1測定光となり、前記第2反射部で反射された測定光が第2測定光となる。
なお、第1透過部181と第2透過部182はそれぞれ別の光学部材から構成しても良く、矩形板状の光学部材の下半部を加工して入射面が傾斜する第2透過部182としても良い。
まず、上記測定装置から遮光板30を除いた図3及び図4を参照して光源からシリンドリカルレンズ12に向けて発せられた光(励起光)の光路について説明する。光源10から放射されシリンドリカルレンズ12に入射した光は、マルチ流路14の検出窓143上に集光する。これにより、検出窓143を通過する微小粒子P(図2参照)から蛍光や散乱光等の測定光束が発せられ、該測定光束は対物レンズ16に入射した後、平行光線化されて透過型位相シフタ18の第1透過部181及び第2透過部182に入射する。一方、検出窓143に入射した光の一部は、微小粒子に当たることなくそのまま流路141を通過して対物レンズ16に入射する。対物レンズ16に入射した光は、対物レンズ16によって第1透過部181と第2透過部182の境界付近に集光した後、第1透過部181及び第2透過部182を透過し、拡散光としてシリンドリカルレンズ20に入射する。この結果、シリンドリカルレンズ20によって集光されることなく、幅を持った拡散光として受光面に入射する(図3参照)。従って、対物レンズ16は本発明の光学素子に相当する。
尚、図4では、説明の便宜上、1個の検出窓143を通過する微小粒子からの測定光の光路のみを示したが、複数の検出窓143を同時に微小粒子が通過する場合、該複数の検出窓143をそれぞれ通過する微小粒子から発せられる測定光は、上記した測定光と同じような光路をたどる。
一方、図8は、マルチ流路の各検出窓(1~n)にそれぞれ対応する2次元アレイデバイスの画素1~画素nからの信号に基づき得られた分光測定結果の例を示す。
本実施例では、各成分の分光相対強度又は/及び分光吸光特性が成分の種類に対応づけて記憶部28に予め記憶されており、2次元受光デバイス22の各画素の分光測定結果と記憶部28に記憶された分光相対強度との比較から、各検出窓143を通過した成分が特定される。
ビームスプリッタ51の入射面と対向する側面は該入射面に対して少し傾斜しており、この傾斜側面に第1反射面52が設けられている。また、ビームスプリッタ51の入射面と第1反射面52の間に位置する側面には第2反射面53が設けられている。第1反射面52及び第2反射面53は、例えばビームスプリッタ51の側面に金属膜等を蒸着することにより形成されている。
本実施例では、試料容器60の上面に赤血球1個程度の大きさの厚みを有する膜状に血液を塗布することにより、血液中に含まれる赤血球の分光特性を効率よく測定することができる。
フィルタ70は、対物レンズ16と位相シフタ18の間の光路上に配置されており、位相シフタ18を構成する第1透過部181の入射面及び第2透過部182の入射面の全体と対向する大きさ及び形状を有している。このため、マルチ流路14の検出窓143から対物レンズ16を経て第1透過部181及び第2透過部182に向かう光は、フィルタ70に入射し、該フィルタ70を透過した光が第1透過部181及び第2透過部182に入射する。
ラマン散乱光はレイリー散乱光や励起光に比べると非常に微弱な光であるため、フィルタ70によって励起光やレイリー散乱光を除去することにより、ラマン散乱光の検出感度を上げることができる。
蛍光発光とは、特定波長の励起光を物質に照射したときに励起光のエネルギーを吸収した電子が励起状態から基底状態に戻る際にエネルギーを光として放出する現象をいう。励起波長と蛍光波長の差は励起状態と基底状態の差に対応するエネルギーを反映していることから、蛍光波長を求めることにより物質を特定することができ、蛍光強度から物質を定量することができる。従って、蛍光色素で標識された細胞や微生物、蛍光発光作用を有する鉱物等が試料に含まれる場合、試料に励起光を照射することにより試料中の微小粒子から発生する蛍光を検出し、その分光特性を取得すれば、該微小粒子の定性や定量を行うことができる。一般に蛍光波長は励起波長よりも長いことから、フィルタ70として励起波長よりも短波長側の光を遮断するエッジフィルタ(ロングパスフィルタ)を用いることにより、蛍光の検出感度を上げることができる。
また、第2及び第5実施例では、シリンドリカルレンズや凹面鏡等の、光源からの光を検出窓143に集光させる光学部材は必須ではなく、例えば、マルチ流路14の検出窓143以外の領域を遮光して光源10からの光が該領域に入射しないようにしても良い。さらに、検出窓143と同等の形状である直線状の光を照射する光源を用いても良い。
また、上記では、微小粒子測定装置としての実施例を示したが、各微小粒子測定装置の後段に、試料に含まれる微小粒子をその分光特性毎に選別する手段や選別後の微小粒子を分取する手段を設ければ、フローサイトメーターやセルソーターとして構成することができる。
12…シリンドリカルレンズ
14…マルチ流路
141、141A…流路
142…プレート
143…検出窓
16…対物レンズ
18…透過型位相シフタ
181…第1透過部
182…第2透過部
20…シリンドリカルレンズ(結像レンズ)
22…2次元受光デバイス
24…処理部
26…演算部
28…記憶部
51…ビームスプリッタ
52…第1反射面
521…第1非反射領域
53…第2反射面
531…第2非反射領域
60…試料容器
70…フィルタ
P…微小粒子
Claims (7)
- a) 微小粒子を含む試料を保持する透光性を有する試料容器と、
b) 前記試料容器に保持された試料に対して直線状の光を照射する光照射手段と、
c) 前記光照射手段からの光が照射された微小粒子から発せられる測定光を第1測定光と第2測定光に分割する分割光学系と、
d) 前記第1測定光と前記第2測定光の間に光路長差を付与する光路長差付与手段と、
e) 前記第1測定光と前記第2測定光を同一直線上に集光させて干渉させるシリンドリカルレンズと、
f) 前記第1測定光と前記第2測定光の干渉光の長手方向の強度分布を検出する検出部と、
g) 前記検出部で検出される前記干渉光の強度分布に基づき前記微小粒子から発せられた光のインターフェログラムを求め、このインターフェログラムをフーリエ変換することによりスペクトルを取得する処理部と
を備え、
前記光照射手段からの光であって前記試料容器を透過した光が前記分割光学系により分割されることを阻止する分割阻止手段を備えることを特徴とする微小粒子測定装置。 - 請求項1に記載の微小粒子測定装置において、
前記分割光学系が、
入射面及び出射面が平行な第1透過部と、該第1透過部と並んで配置された、入射面及び出射面のうちの一方に対して他方が傾斜するくさび形の第2透過部と、光を透過させない非透過部とを有する光学部材と、
前記光照射手段からの光が照射された微小粒子から発せられる測定光を平行光線化して前記第1透過部の入射面及び前記第2透過部の入射面の両方に入射させ、前記光照射手段からの光であって前記試料容器を通過した光を前記非透過部に入射させる光学素子とを備えて構成され、
前記分割阻止手段が、前記非透過部から構成され、
前記光路長差付与手段が、前記第1透過部及び前記第2透過部から構成されることを特徴とする微小粒子測定装置。 - 請求項1に記載の微小粒子測定装置において、
前記分割光学系が、
入射面及び出射面が平行な第1透過部と、該第1透過部と並んで配置された、入射面及び出射面のうちの一方に対して他方が傾斜するくさび形の第2透過部とを有する光学部材と、
前記光照射手段からの光が照射されることにより前記微小粒子から発せられる測定光を平行光線化して前記第1透過部の入射面及び前記第2透過部の入射面の両方に入射させる光学素子とを備えて構成され、
前記分割阻止手段が、前記第1透過部の入射面及び前記第2透過部の入射面と前記光学素子との間に配置された前記光照射手段からの光を遮断するフィルタから構成され、
前記光路長差付与手段が、前記第1透過部及び前記第2透過部から構成されることを特徴とする微小粒子測定装置。 - 請求項1に記載の微小粒子測定装置において、
前記分割光学系が、第1非反射領域を有する第1反射面と、第2非反射領域を有する第2反射面とを備えた反射型の光学部材と、前記光照射手段からの光が照射された微小粒子から発せられる測定光を平行光線化して前記第1反射面及び前記第2反射面の両方に分割して入射させ、前記光照射手段からの光であって前記試料容器を通過した光を前記第1非反射領域及び前記第2非反射領域に入射させる光学素子とを備えて構成され、
前記分割阻止手段が、前記第1非反射領域及び前記第2非反射領域から構成され、
前記光路長差付与手段が、前記第1反射面及び前記第2反射面を相対的に移動させる移動手段から構成されることを特徴とする微小粒子測定装置。 - 請求項1に記載の微小粒子測定装置において、
前記分割光学系が、第1非反射領域を有する第1反射面と、第2非反射領域を有する第2反射面とを備えた反射型の光学部材と、前記光照射手段からの光が照射された微小粒子から発せられる測定光を平行光線化して前記第1反射面及び前記第2反射面の両方に分割して入射させ、前記光照射手段からの光であって前記試料容器を通過した光を前記第1非反射領域及び前記第2非反射領域に入射させる光学素子とを備えて構成され、
前記分割阻止手段が、前記第1非反射領域及び前記第2非反射領域から構成され、
前記光路長差付与手段が、前記第1反射面及び前記第2反射面のうちのいずれか一方を測定光の光軸に垂直な面に対して傾斜させたものであることを特徴とする微小粒子測定装置。 - 前記試料容器は、前記微小粒子が1個ずつ並んだ状態で流れる大きさの複数の流路を並列に配置して成る測定用流路を備え、
前記光照射手段は、前記複数の測定用流路にまたがる直線状の領域に対して直線状の光を照射することを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の微小粒子測定装置。 - 前記試料容器が、前記微小粒子を含む試料が塗布される上面を有する円板状の保持板からなり、
該保持板を円板の中心を軸として回転する回転手段をさらに備え、
前記光照射手段は、前記保持板の回転中心から外周縁部に向かって径方向に延びる直線状の領域に対して直線状の光を照射することを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の微小粒子測定装置。
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