WO2015120821A1 - 一类水溶性丙泊酚衍生物及其用途 - Google Patents

一类水溶性丙泊酚衍生物及其用途 Download PDF

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WO2015120821A1
WO2015120821A1 PCT/CN2015/073171 CN2015073171W WO2015120821A1 WO 2015120821 A1 WO2015120821 A1 WO 2015120821A1 CN 2015073171 W CN2015073171 W CN 2015073171W WO 2015120821 A1 WO2015120821 A1 WO 2015120821A1
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propofol
water
acid
group
soluble
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李勤耕
王涛
吴酮
曾令国
王元忠
毛伟
陈刚
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江苏恩华络康药物研发有限公司
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Priority to CN201580008926.8A priority Critical patent/CN106132922B/zh
Priority to EP15749516.9A priority patent/EP3109229B1/en
Priority to US15/119,596 priority patent/US9643917B2/en
Publication of WO2015120821A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015120821A1/zh

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    • C07C229/00Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/02Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/04Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C229/20Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated the carbon skeleton being further substituted by halogen atoms or by nitro or nitroso groups
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    • C07D295/00Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
    • C07D295/04Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
    • C07D295/14Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D295/145Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals with the ring nitrogen atoms and the carbon atoms with three bonds to hetero atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings
    • C07D295/15Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals with the ring nitrogen atoms and the carbon atoms with three bonds to hetero atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings to an acyclic saturated chain
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    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
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    • C07F9/08Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
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    • C07F9/06Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
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    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/06Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
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    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/3804Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)] not used, see subgroups
    • C07F9/3808Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
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    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
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    • C07F9/28Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/40Esters thereof
    • C07F9/4071Esters thereof the ester moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
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    • C07C2601/14The ring being saturated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of medicine, and in particular to a class of water-soluble propofol derivatives, anesthesia methods using the same, their use as prodrugs, and their use in the preparation of intravenous anesthetics.
  • Prodrugs also known as prodrugs, prodrugs, etc., refer to compounds that have pharmacological effects after transformation in vivo.
  • the prodrug itself has no biological activity or low activity, and is metabolized in the body to release an active substance.
  • the purpose of researching and preparing prodrugs is to increase the bioavailability of the original drug, change the solubility of the original drug, enhance targeting, or reduce the toxicity and side effects of the drug.
  • prodrugs have better advantages.
  • clinically required prodrugs can rapidly decompose into ligands and prodrugs when they enter the body, and the ligands are non-toxic. The original drug released can exert its effects, and the non-toxic ligand is in the body.
  • Propofol ie, 2,6-diisopropylphenol, also known as propofol
  • Propofol is a short-acting intravenous general anesthetic with the advantages of rapid onset, no obvious accumulation, and quick and complete recovery. Clinically used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.
  • propofol has an excellent anesthetic effect, it is difficult to prepare a suitable preparation because of its poor water solubility, and it has to be clinically administered as an emulsion. Therefore, the existing propofol drugs have the following disadvantages: l, poor physical stability; 2, due to larger oil droplet size may lead to blood vessel embolism; 3, injection causes pain; 4, can only be used before administration A small number of injectable products are selectively mixed; 5, the emulsion is easy to breed bacteria; 6, easy to cause toxic side effects of the heart Wait. These shortcomings make propofol very limited in clinical applications.
  • Fospropofol see Water-Soluble Prodrugs of Hindered Alcohols, US6451776, reported by Stella et al., which was used as an endoscopic drug and was introduced into the market by Eisai in 2009. Fospropofol hydrolyzes in the body to release propofol, which produces highly toxic formaldehyde, which is announced soon after its market delisting.
  • a carboxylic acid derivative or a salt thereof as a ligand for preparing a water-soluble propofol prodrug which provides a good water solubility of the obtained prodrug. And it decomposes rapidly in the body, releasing the original drug and thus functioning.
  • the carboxylic acid derivative of the present invention has the following formula (III):
  • X is H or F
  • Y is F or an alkyl group substituted by one or more F
  • n 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
  • W' is NR 1' R 2' , NR 1' R 2' ⁇ B, COOR 7 , OPO (OR 7 ) 2 or PO (OR 7 ) 2 ;
  • R 1 ' and R 2 ' are each independently H, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an amino protecting group
  • n 0, 1, 2 or 3;
  • R 7 is H, or a protecting group for a carboxyl group or a phosphate group
  • D is a hydroxyl group, Cl or Br.
  • Y is F or a C 1-6 alkyl group substituted by one or more F.
  • Y is F, CF 3 or CHF 2 .
  • R 1 ' and/or R 2 ' are each independently C 1-6 alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or isobutyl.
  • R 1 ' and/or R 2 ' are each independently C 3-6 cycloalkyl, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
  • R 1 ' and/or R 2 ' are each independently a C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted by phenyl, such as benzyloxycarbonyl or tert-butoxycarbonyl.
  • R 1 ' and/or R 2 ' are each independently benzyl.
  • R 1 ' and R 2' are each independently H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexane. Butyl, cyclohexyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl or benzyl.
  • the acid B is an acid which can form a salt with an amine, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, difluoroacetic acid, fluoroacetic acid, acetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or Toluenesulfonic acid.
  • an amine such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, difluoroacetic acid, fluoroacetic acid, acetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or Toluenesulfonic acid.
  • R 7 is C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more phenyl groups, for example methyl, ethyl, benzhydryl, trityl or benzyl.
  • the carbon atom bonded to X and Y is a single R. Configuration, single S configuration, or a mixture of R and S configurations.
  • the carboxylic acid derivative of the invention is selected from the group consisting of
  • the invention provides a class of water-soluble propofol derivatives.
  • the water-soluble propofol derivative is chemically stable, has good water solubility, can rapidly decompose in plasma and releases propofol, thereby rapidly producing anesthesia in the body, and is very suitable as a prodrug of propofol medicine.
  • the water-soluble propofol derivative of the present invention has the following general formula (I):
  • X, Y, n are as defined above for the compound of formula (III);
  • W is W 1 or W 2 ;
  • W 1 is NR 1 R 2 ⁇ A or
  • R 1 and R 2 are each independently H, an alkyl group optionally substituted by a phenyl group, or a cycloalkyl group;
  • A is a pharmaceutically acceptable acid
  • W 2 is COOM 1/t or OPO 3 (M) 2/t or PO 3 (M) 2/t ;
  • M is a metal ion, an ammonium ion or a basic amino acid cation which can form a salt with an acid group;
  • t is the number of charges carried by M.
  • W is W 1 .
  • R 1 and/or R 2 are each independently C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by phenyl, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl , isobutyl or benzyl.
  • R 1 and/or R 2 are each independently C 3-6 cycloalkyl, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
  • R 1 and R 2 are each independently H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, benzyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, Cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
  • R 1 and R 2 are not simultaneously H.
  • A is hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, methanesulfonic acid, lactic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, Fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid or malic acid.
  • W is W 2 .
  • M is an alkali metal ion such as a lithium ion, a sodium ion or a potassium ion, an alkaline earth metal ion such as a magnesium ion, a zinc ion or a calcium ion, or a trivalent metal ion such as an aluminum ion.
  • alkali metal ion such as a lithium ion, a sodium ion or a potassium ion
  • an alkaline earth metal ion such as a magnesium ion, a zinc ion or a calcium ion
  • a trivalent metal ion such as an aluminum ion.
  • M is of the formula (NR 3 R 4 R 5 R 6 ) + or The ammonium ion represented, wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 are each independently H, an alkyl group optionally substituted by a phenyl group, or a cycloalkyl group; p is 0, 1, 2 or 3.
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 are each independently H, C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by phenyl, or C 3-6 cycloalkyl.
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 are each independently H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, benzyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl Base, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
  • R 3 and R 4 are each independently H, methyl or ethyl.
  • M is arginine + H + , lysine + H + or histidine + H + .
  • the water-soluble propofol derivative has the following general formula (I-1):
  • the water-soluble propofol derivative has the following formula (I-2):
  • X, Y, n, m, A are as defined above for the compound of formula (I).
  • the water-soluble propofol derivative has the following formula (I-3):
  • the water-soluble propofol derivative has the following formula (I-4):
  • q 0 or 1.
  • the carbon atom bonded to X and Y is a single R configuration, a single S configuration. , or R and S A mixture of configurations.
  • the water-soluble propofol derivative is selected from the group consisting of:
  • a water-soluble propofol derivative of the invention for use as an intravenous anesthetic.
  • anesthesia method comprising intravenously administering to a patient a water-soluble propofol derivative of the invention.
  • a water-soluble propofol derivative of the invention for the preparation of an intravenous anesthetic.
  • C 1-6 alkyl refers to a saturated straight or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso Butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, etc., preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or isobutyl More preferably, it is a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group.
  • C 3-6 cycloalkyl as used herein means a saturated monocyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group or a cyclohexyl group.
  • amino protecting group refers to a protecting group that prevents an undesired chemical reaction of an amino group, including but not limited to an alkoxycarbonyl protecting group such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl. And a benzyloxycarbonyl group, and the like, and an alkyl group-protecting group, for example, an unsubstituted or substituted benzyl group on the benzene ring.
  • protecting group for a carboxy or hydroxyhydroxy group refers to a protecting group which prevents an undesired chemical reaction of a hydroxy group in a carboxyl group or a phosphoric acid, including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, diphenylmethyl, Tritylmethyl, benzyl, and the like.
  • the term "acid which can form a salt with an amine” as used herein means an inorganic or organic acid which is commonly used in the field of organic chemistry to form a salt with an amine.
  • the inorganic acid includes, but is not limited to, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, pyrosulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and the like.
  • the organic acid includes, but is not limited to, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, pivalic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, difluoroacetic acid, fluoroacetic acid, acetoacetic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethyl Sulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid and the like.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable acid means a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, methanesulfonic acid, lactic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid. Acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid or malic acid.
  • C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl refers to alkoxy groups having a total of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms attached to the remainder of the molecule through a carbonyl linkage, such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl. , tert-butoxycarbonyl, pentyloxycarbonyl and the like.
  • basic amino acid refers to an amino acid having more hydroxide anions than hydrogen cations, such as arginine, lysine or histidine + H + .
  • the water-soluble propofol derivative of the formula (I) of the present invention can be produced by the following Scheme 1:
  • the reagent (IV) is a nitrogen-containing basic organic reagent or a mixed reagent composed of a nitrogen-containing basic organic reagent and a compound having a carbodiimide structure.
  • the nitrogen-containing basic organic reagent is an organic base such as triethylamine, pyridine, 4-N,N-lutidine or 4-PPY (4-pyrrolidinopyridine); the carbodiimide
  • the compound of the structure is DCC (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) or EDC (1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide).
  • the reagent (IV) is a nitrogen-containing basic organic reagent, and the compound of the formula (II), the compound of the formula (III) and the reagent (IV)
  • R 1 ' and R 2 ' are each independently an alkyl group (particularly a C 1-6 alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or isobutyl), a cycloalkyl group (especially When it is a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl) or benzyl
  • the compound of the formula (Ia) can be dissolved in an organic solvent, and then the acid is acid A.
  • a saturated aqueous solution of the salt of A is adjusted to a pH of 5 or less, and the organic layer is washed therewith to give a compound of the formula (I).
  • W' in the compound of the formula (Ia) is NR 1 ' R 2 ' ⁇ B, COOR 7 , OPO(OR 7 ) 2 or PO(OR 7 ) 2
  • R 1 ' is hydrogen, alkyl (especially C 1-6 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl Or isobutyl), cycloalkyl (especially C 3-6 cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl) or benzyl
  • R 2 ' is an amino protecting group (especially a C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl group optionally substituted by a phenyl group such as benzyloxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl or benzyl), R 7 being a protecting group for a carboxy or hydroxyhydroxy group (particularly optionally one or more)
  • the deprotection method refers to a conventional method for removing an amino acid protecting group, a carboxy protecting group or a hydroxy protecting group in the art.
  • the organic solvent as described above means an aprotic organic solvent which can dissolve the compound of the formula (Ia) or the compound of the formula (II), for example, a chlorinated hydrocarbon organic solvent (e.g., dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2- Dichloroethane, chlorobenzene), ether organic solvents (such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether), acetonitrile, DMF, DMSO, and the like.
  • a chlorinated hydrocarbon organic solvent e.g., dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2- Dichloroethane, chlorobenzene
  • ether organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether
  • acetonitrile DMF, DMSO, and the like.
  • the carboxylic acid derivative of the formula (III) of the present invention (i.e., one of the starting materials in Scheme 1) can be produced in the following manner.
  • the compounds of the formulae (IIIa), (IIIb) and (IIIc) are all compounds of the formula (III) which are respectively passed through an alkylating agent of a compound of the formula (V) and an amino group.
  • (C 1 or C 3 ) or an amino protecting agent (C 2 ) is obtained by reacting,
  • R 1 ' , X, Y, n, B are as defined above;
  • Reagent C 1 is an amino group alkylating agent, such as formic acid / formaldehyde, dimethyl sulfate, ethyl bromide, bromopropane, chlorobutane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, benzaldehyde, etc.;
  • Reagent C 2 is a protective reagent for an amino group, such as benzyl chloroformate, di-tert-butoxycarbonyl carbonic anhydride, benzyl chloride, benzyl bromide, etc.;
  • Reagent C 3 is another alkylating agent of amino group, such as 1-chloro-2-bromoethane, 1-chloro-4-bromobutane, 1-chloro-5-bromopentane, etc.;
  • R 2'a is alkyl or cycloalkyl, particularly C 1-6 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or isobutyl, or C 3-6 cycloalkyl such as Cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
  • R 2 ' b is an amino protecting group, especially a C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl group (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl) or a benzyl group optionally substituted by a phenyl group.
  • a C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl group e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl
  • a benzyl group optionally substituted by a phenyl group.
  • the compounds of the formulae (IIId), (IIIe) and (IIIf) all belong to the compound of the formula (III), which are respectively obtained by the following steps: respectively, by the formula (VIa), Compounds of VIb) and (VIc) give a compound of formula (VIIa), (VIIb) and (VIIc) under the action of a protective reagent D 1 at the 1-position of a carboxy group, and then a protective reagent D 2 at the terminal carboxyl group or a phosphate hydroxyl group.
  • R 7 , X, Y, n are as defined above;
  • the protective reagent D 1 of the 1-position carboxyl group is selected from the group consisting of methanol, silyl-substituted methanol, 9-fluorenyl methanol, 2-iodo-2-methylpropane, benzyl halide, and the like;
  • the protective group D 2 of the carboxyl group or the phosphoric acid hydroxyl group at the terminal is selected from the group consisting of methyl iodide, benzophenone, triphenyl iodomethane, benzyl halide, and the like;
  • R 8 is a protecting group at the 1-position of a carboxyl group such as a methyl group, a silyl-substituted alkyl group, a 9-fluorenylmethyl group, a t-butyl group, a benzyl group or the like.
  • the invention structuring the phenolic hydroxyl group of propofol to form a water-soluble derivative without changing the pharmacological activity of propofol.
  • the chemical property of the water-soluble derivative is relatively stable, and the aqueous solution can release the original drug after injection to produce an anesthetic effect.
  • the water-soluble propofol derivative of the present invention is water-soluble, can be prepared into a suitable water-soluble preparation, and is easily dissociated into propofol in the body.
  • the water-soluble propofol derivative of the present invention can overcome the existing propofol pharmaceutical preparations, and the physical stability is poor due to the application of the emulsion, and the blood vessel embolization and injection may be caused by the large oil droplet size. Pain, can only be selectively mixed with a small number of injectable products before use, the emulsion is easy to breed bacteria, easily cause side effects such as toxic side effects, and its human compliance is good and easy to store.
  • the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic tests demonstrate that the water-soluble propofol derivatives of the present invention have low in vivo toxicity and are well suited for development into new anesthetics.
  • the title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 2, using 4-amino-2,2-difluorobutanoic acid hydrochloride (1.1 g, 5.6 mmol) and benzaldehyde.
  • the title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 6 using 4-amino-2(R,S)-fluorobutyric acid and 1-chloro-4-bromobutane as starting material.
  • the title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 13 using 4-(dihydroxy)phosphonyl-2-(R,S)-fluorobutyric acid as the starting material.
  • the title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 13 using 5-(dihydroxy)phosphonyl-2-(R)-fluoropentanoic acid as the starting material.
  • 3-N-isopropylamino-2(R,S)-fluoropropionic acid hydrochloride 1.0 g, dissolved in 40 ml of 1N NaOH solution, add 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF), add 4.5 g of benzyl chloroformate (Cbz-Cl) at room temperature, and drip for about half an hour. Adjust the pH of the reaction solution with 1N NaOH during the reaction. The mixture was reacted for 8 hours at room temperature for 4 hours, and the THF was evaporated under reduced pressure.
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (15ml*3), and the aqueous layer was adjusted to pH 3 with hydrochloric acid and extracted with diethyl ether (20*3). The layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered and evaporated,]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
  • dibenzyl ⁇ 1-[3-chloro-3-oxo-2-(R)-fluoro-propyl] ⁇ phosphate triester (with dibenzyl [1-(3-( R)-fluoro-3-carboxy)propyl]phosphoric acid triester (prepared according to Example 13) was prepared as a starting material according to Example 17.1) (7 mmol), propofol (5 mmol) and DMAP (10 mmol) as raw materials.
  • the inventors provided the following experimental examples to demonstrate the surprising and unexpected benefits of the water-soluble propofol derivatives of the present invention.
  • the obtained water-soluble propofol series derivative was formulated into a physiological saline solution of 1 mg/ml. 0.1 ml of each solution was added to 1 ml of rabbit plasma (to live New Zealand white rabbits, treated by conventional methods, heparin anticoagulation) or rat plasma (from living SD rats, treated according to conventional methods, heparin anticoagulation) Medium, fully mixed, placed in a constant temperature water bath at 37 ° C and timed. Samples were taken at different time points after the start and 2 ml of acetonitrile was added immediately. Shake, centrifuge for 5 minutes (15000 rpm), take the supernatant and test by HPLC. The results are as follows:
  • the anesthetic ED 50 and LD 50 values were determined by sequential method. Healthy KM mice (male), SD rats (male) and New Zealand white rabbits were taken. The rats and mice were injected uniformly through the tail vein during the experimental administration, and the injection was completed in 10 seconds. In the rabbit experiment, the drug was injected uniformly through the ear vein, and the injection was completed in 30 seconds. A preliminary pre-test was performed to find the approximate dose (dosing volume) that caused the anesthesia (or death) of the animal as an intermediate dose at the time of the formal experiment. A group spacing of 0.8 was used, and 2-3 dose groups were further set up and down. The disappearance or death of righting reflex is used as a judgment indicator for pharmacodynamics or toxicity.
  • TI LD 50 / ED 50 .
  • the water-soluble propofol derivative of the present invention can exert anesthetic effect on both mice and rats.
  • the water-soluble propofol derivatives of the present invention can exert anesthetic effects on rabbits.
  • mice 2.3. Determination of the hypnotic latency and duration of the compound in mice

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Abstract

本发明公开了一类水溶性丙泊酚衍生物、其制备方法、使用其的麻醉方法、其作为前药的用途以及其在制备静脉麻醉药物中的用途。所述水溶性丙泊酚衍生物具有通式(I):其中,X为H或F;Y为F或者被一个或多个F取代的烷基;n为1、2、3、4、5或6;W为W1或W2;W1为NR1R2·A或(AA);R1、R2各自独立地为H、任选地被苯基取代的烷基、或环烷基;m为0、1、2或3;A为药学可接受的酸;W2为COOM1/t或OPO3(M)2/t或PO3(M)2/t;M为可与酸根成盐的金属离子、铵离子或碱性氨基酸阳离子;t为M所带的电荷数。

Description

一类水溶性丙泊酚衍生物及其用途
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2014年2月17日提交的中国专利申请201410053129.9和201410053877.7以及2014年4月17日提交的中国专利申请201410154956.7和201410154994.2的优先权,所述申请的公开内容均援引加入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,具体涉及一类水溶性丙泊酚衍生物、使用其的麻醉方法、其作为前药的用途以及其在制备静脉麻醉药物中的用途。
背景技术
前药即前体药物(prodrug),也称药物前体、前驱药物等,是指经过生物体内转化后才具有药理作用的化合物。前体药物本身没有生物活性或活性很低,经过体内代谢后释放出有活性的物质。研究和制备前药的目的在于增加原药的生物利用度、改变原药的溶解性、加强靶向性或降低药物的毒性和副作用。对于很多药物,尤其是生物利用度低、水溶性差或毒副作用大的药物而言,制成前药有着较好的优越性。一般来说,临床要求前药进入体内后能迅速分解成配体和原药,且配体无毒。释放出的原药可发挥药效,无毒的配体于身体无碍。
丙泊酚(即,2,6-二异丙基苯酚,又称为异丙酚)为短效静脉全身麻醉药,具有起效迅速、无明显蓄积、苏醒快而完全的优点,其注射液临床上用于全身麻醉的诱导和维持。
然而,尽管丙泊酚具有优异的麻醉效果,但由于其水溶性差,难以制成合适的制剂,在临床上不得不以乳剂的形式注射给药。由此使得现有的丙泊酚药物具有以下缺点:l、物理稳定性差;2、由于较大的油滴尺寸可能导致血管栓塞;3、注射引起患者疼痛;4、在给药前仅能与少数可注射产品选择性混合;5、乳剂易于滋生细菌;6、易引起心脏方面的毒副作用 等。这些缺点使得丙泊酚在临床应用中受到很大的限制。
鉴于此,药物学家力图通过结构改造来改变这种状态,,以期获得具有良好水溶性并保持丙泊酚的麻醉效应的前药。
(参见International Journal of Pharmaceutics,1998,175:195-204;WO9958555;CN1907954A;CN102020574)。
在丙泊酚前药研究中,最成功的是Stella等人报道的Fospropofol(参见Water-Soluble Prodrugs of Hindered Alcohols,US6451776),该药作为内窥镜用药,于2009年,由Eisai推入市场。Fospropofol在体内水解释放出丙泊酚的同时,会产生毒性较大的甲醛,上市不久即宣布退市。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面,本发明提供了一类羧酸衍生物或其盐,其作为配体用于制备水溶性丙泊酚类前药,使制得的前药具有良好的水溶性,并且在体内迅速分解,释放出原药,从而发挥作用。
本发明的羧酸衍生物具有如下通式(III):
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000001
其中,
X为H或F;
Y为F或者被一个或多个F取代的烷基;
n为1、2、3、4、5或6;
W’为NR1’R2’、NR1’R2’·B、
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000002
COOR7、OPO(OR7)2或PO(OR7)2
R1’、R2’各自独立地为H、烷基、环烷基,或氨基保护基;
m为0、1、2或3;
B为酸;
R7为H,或者为羧基或磷酸羟基的保护基;
D为羟基、Cl或Br。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,Y为F或者被一个或多个F取代的C1-6烷基。优选地,Y为F、CF3或CHF2
根据本发明的一个实施方案,R1’和/或R2’各自独立地为C1-6烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基或异丁基。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,R1’和/或R2’各自独立地为C3-6环烷基,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,R1’和/或R2’各自独立地为任选地被苯基取代的C1-6烷氧羰基,例如苄氧羰基或叔丁氧羰基。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,R1’和/或R2’各自独立地为苄基。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,R1’、R2’各自独立地为H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、苄氧羰基、叔丁氧羰基或苄基。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述酸B为可与胺成盐的酸,例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、三氟乙酸、二氟乙酸、氟乙酸、乙酸、苯磺酸或对甲苯磺酸。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,R7为任选地被一个或多个苯基取代的C1-6烷基,例如甲基、乙基、二苯甲基、三苯甲基或苄基。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,当X与Y不同时(即,当所述羧酸衍生物的羧基的α-C为手性原子时),同时与X和Y连接的碳原子为单一的R构型、单一的S构型,或R与S构型的混合物。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,本发明的羧酸衍生物选自:
4-N,N-二甲氨基-2(R)-氟代丁酸盐酸盐;
4-N-异丙基氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丁酸盐酸盐;
4-N,N-二乙氨基-2(R,S)-三氟甲基丁酸盐酸盐;
4-N-苄基氨基-2,2-二氟代丁酸盐酸盐;
4-N-异丁基氨基-2(R,S)-二氟甲基丁酸盐酸盐;
4-N-(氮杂环丙-1-基)-2(R,S)-二氟甲基丁酸盐酸盐;
4-N-(四氢吡咯-1-基)-2(R,S)-氟代丁酸盐酸盐;
3-N-苄基氨基-2(R,S)-(1,1-二氟甲基)丙酸盐酸盐;
6-N-环己基氨基-2(R,S)-三氟甲基己酸盐酸盐;
4-苄氧基-4-氧代-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸;
5-苄氧基-5-氧代-2-(R)-氟代戊二酸;
6-苄氧基-6-氧代-2-(S)-氟代己酸;
二苄基[1-(3-(R,S)-氟-3-羧基)丙基]磷酸三酯;
二苄基[1-(5-(S)-氟-5-羧基)戊基]磷酸三酯;
4-(二苄氧基)磷酰基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸;
5-(二苄氧基)磷酰基-2-(R)-氟代戊酸;
4-苄氧基-4-氧代-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酰氯;
5-苄氧基-5-氧代-2-(R)-氟代戊酸钠;
二苄基[1-(3-(R,S)-氟-4-氧代-4-氯)丁基]磷酸三酯;
二苄基[1-(4-(S)-氟-5-羧酸钾)戊基]磷酸三酯;
4-(二苄氧基)磷酰基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酰氯;
4-N,N-二甲氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丁酸钠;
4-N,N-二乙氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丁酸钙;
3-N-苄基氨基-2(R,S)-苄氧基丙酸铝;
4-N,N-二甲氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丁酰氯盐酸盐;
4-N-苄基氨基-2,2-二氟代丁酰氯盐酸盐;
4-N,N-二甲氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丁酸;和
4-N,N-二甲氨基-2(S)-氟代丁酸盐酸盐。
根据本发明的第二方面,本发明提供了一类水溶性丙泊酚衍生物。所述水溶性丙泊酚衍生物化学性质稳定、水溶性好、在血浆中可快速分解并释放出丙泊酚,从而在体内迅速产生麻醉作用,非常适合用作丙泊酚药物的前药。
本发明的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物具有如下通式(I):
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000003
其中,
X、Y、n如上文中对于通式(III)的化合物所定义;
W为W1或W2
W1为NR1R2·A或
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000004
R1、R2各自独立地为H、任选地被苯基取代的烷基、或环烷基;
m如上文中对于通式(III)的化合物所定义;
A为药学可接受的酸;
W2为COOM1/t或OPO3(M)2/t或PO3(M)2/t
M为可与酸根成盐的金属离子、铵离子或碱性氨基酸阳离子;
t为M所带的电荷数。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,W为W1
根据本发明的一个实施方案,R1和/或R2各自独立地为任选地被苯基取代的C1-6烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基或苄基。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,R1和/或R2各自独立地为C3-6环烷基,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,R1、R2各自独立地为H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、苄基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,R1、R2不同时为H。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,A为盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、碳酸、乙酸、丙酸、甲磺酸、乳酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、丁二酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、枸橼酸或苹果酸。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,W为W2
根据本发明的一个实施方案,M为碱金属离子例如锂离子、钠离子或钾离子,碱土金属离子例如镁离子、锌离子或钙离子,或者三价金属离子例如铝离子。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,M为由通式(NR3R4R5R6)+
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000005
表示的铵离子,其中R3、R4、R5、R6各自独立地为H、任选地被苯基取代的烷基、或环烷基;p为0、1、2或3。优选地,R3、R4、R5、R6各自独立地为H、任选地被苯基取代的C1-6烷基、或C3-6环烷基。更优选地,R3、R4、R5、R6各自独立地为H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、苄基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基。最优选地,R3、R4各自独立地为H、甲基或乙基。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,M为精氨酸+H+、赖氨酸+H+或组氨酸+H+
根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述水溶性丙泊酚衍生物具有如下通式(I-1):
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000006
其中,
X、Y、n、R1、R2、A如上文中对于通式(I)的化合物所定义。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述水溶性丙泊酚衍生物具有如下通式(I-2):
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000007
其中,
X、Y、n、m、A如上文中对于通式(I)的化合物所定义。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述水溶性丙泊酚衍生物具有如下通式(I-3):
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000008
其中,
X、Y、n、M、t如上文中对于通式(I)的化合物所定义。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述水溶性丙泊酚衍生物具有如下通式(I-4):
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000009
其中,
X、Y、n、M、t如上文中对于通式(I)的化合物所定义;
q为0或1。
当X与Y不同时(即,当所述羧酸衍生物的羧基的α-C为手性原子时),同时与X和Y连接的碳原子为单一的R构型、单一的S构型,或R与S 构型的混合物。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述水溶性丙泊酚衍生物选自:
丙泊酚4-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚4-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2-(R)-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚3-N-异丙基氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丙酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚-2-(R,S)-氟代戊酸单酯钠盐;
丙泊酚-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸单酯钠盐;
丙泊酚-2-(R)-氟代丙酸单酯钠盐;
{1-[3-(2,6-二异丙基苯氧基)-3-氧代-2-(R)-氟-丙基]}磷酸单酯二钾盐;
丙泊酚4-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2-(R)-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚4-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2-(R)-2-三氟甲基丁酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚4-(N-甲基-N-乙基)氨基-2-(R,S)-2-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚5-(N-甲基-N-苄基)氨基-2-(S)-2-氟代戊酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚3-(N-异丙基)氨基-2-(R,S)-2-单氟甲基丙酸酯甲磺酸盐;
丙泊酚4-(N杂环丙烷-1-基)-2-(S)-2-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚4-(四氢吡咯-1-基)-2-(R)-2-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚3-(N,N-二乙基)氨基-2-(R,S)-氟代丙酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚4-(N-甲基-N-苄基)氨基-2(R,S)-三氟甲基丁酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚4-(N-环丙基-N-甲基)氨基-2(R)-二氟甲基丁酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚3-(四氢吡咯-1-基)-2(S)-三氟甲基丙酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚δ-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2(R)-氟代戊酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚3-N-甲基-N-环己基氨基-2-(R,S)-氟代丙酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚4-(N-甲基-N-异丙基)氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丁酸酯甲磺酸盐;
丙泊酚5-N-环戊氨基-2,2-二氟戊酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚4-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2-(R)-三氟甲基丁酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚4-N-甲基-N-苄基氨基-2-(R)-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐;
丙泊酚4-羧基-2-(S)-氟代戊酸酯钾盐;
丙泊酚4-羧基-2-(R)-2-三氟甲基戊酸酯锂盐;
二[丙泊酚7-羧基-2-(R,S)-氟代辛酸酯]钙盐;
二[丙泊酚5-羧基-2-(S)-氟代己酸酯]锌盐;
三[丙泊酚8-羧基-2-(R,S)-单氟甲基壬酸酯]铝盐;
丙泊酚4-羧基-2-(S)-三氟甲基丁酸酯铵盐;
丙泊酚4-羧基-2-(R,S)-二氟甲基戊酸酯钾盐;
{1-[4-(2,6-二异丙基苯氧基)-4-氧代-3-(R,S)-3-氟代-1-丁基]}磷酸单酯二钾盐;
{1-[4-(2,6-二异丙基苯氧基)-4-氧代-3-(S)-3-氟代-1-丁基]}磷酸单酯二钠盐;
{1-[4-(2,6-二异丙基苯氧基)-4-氧代-3-(R)-3-三氟甲基-1-丁基]}磷酸单酯二锂盐;
丙泊酚4-磷酰基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸酯钙盐;
丙泊酚5-磷酰基-2-(S)-氟代戊酸酯锌盐;
三[丙泊酚3-磷酰基-2-(R,S)-2-单氟甲基丙酸酯]二铝盐;
{1-[4-(2,6-二异丙基苯氧基)-4-氧代-2-(R)-三氟甲基-丁基]}磷酸单酯二锂盐;
丙泊酚4-磷酰基-2-(R)-氟代丁酸酯二钠盐;
丙泊酚3-磷酰基-2-(R,S)-氟代丙酸酯锌盐。
根据本发明的第三方面,本发明提供了本发明的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其用作静脉麻醉药物。
根据本发明的第四方面,本发明提供了麻醉方法,其包括向患者静脉内给药本发明的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物。
根据本发明的第五方面,本发明提供了本发明的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物在制备静脉麻醉药物中的用途。
具体实施方式
定义
本文所用的术语“C1-6烷基”是指具有1-6个碳原子的饱和的直链或支链烃基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、正己基、异己基等,优选甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基或异丁基,更优选甲基、乙基或丙基。
本文所用的术语“C3-6环烷基”是指具有3-6个碳原子的饱和的单环烃 基,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基。
本文所用的术语“氨基保护基”是指防止氨基发生不期望的化学反应的保护基,包括但不限于烷氧羰基类保护基例如甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、丙氧羰基、叔丁氧羰基、苄氧羰基等,以及烷基类保护基例如在苯环上未取代或取代的苄基等。
本文所用的术语“羧基或磷酸羟基的保护基”是指防止羧基或磷酸中的羟基发生不期望的化学反应的保护基,包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、二苯甲基、三苯甲基、苄基等。
本文所用的术语“可与胺成盐的酸”是指有机化学领域常用的可与胺反应形成盐的无机酸或有机酸。所述无机酸包括但不限于盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硫酸、焦硫酸、磷酸、硝酸等。所述有机酸包括但不限于甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、特戊酸、三氟乙酸、二氟乙酸、氟乙酸、乙酰乙酸、苯甲酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、萘磺酸、樟脑磺酸等。
本文所用的术语“药学可接受的酸”是指可药用的酸,例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、碳酸、乙酸、丙酸、甲磺酸、乳酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、丁二酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、枸橼酸或苹果酸。
本文所用的术语“C1-6烷氧羰基”是指总共具有1-6个碳原子的通过羰基键与分子的其余部分相连的烷氧基,例如甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、丙氧羰基、叔丁氧羰基、戊氧羰基等。
本文所用的术语“碱性氨基酸”是指水解生成的氢氧根负离子多于氢正离子的氨基酸,例如精氨酸、赖氨酸或组氨酸+H+
反应路线
本发明的通式(I)的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物可通过如下所示的反应路线1来制备:
反应路线1
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000010
步骤A:
在-100-40℃下,使式(II)的化合物与通式(III)的化合物(其中各变量如发明内容部分所定义)在试剂(IV)的存在下在有机溶剂中反应制得通式(Ia)的化合物。
所述试剂(IV)为含氮碱性有机试剂或者由含氮碱性有机试剂与具有碳二亚胺结构的化合物组成的混合试剂。其中所述含氮碱性有机试剂为有机碱,如三乙胺、吡啶、4-N,N-二甲基吡啶或4-PPY(4-吡咯烷基吡啶);所述具有碳二亚胺结构的化合物为DCC(二环己基碳二亚胺)或EDC(1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺)。
当通式(III)的化合物中的D为Cl或Br时,所述试剂(IV)为含氮碱性有机试剂,且式(II)的化合物、通式(III)的化合物与试剂(IV)的摩尔比为(II):(III):(IV)=1:(1-12.0):(1-15.0);
当通式(III)的化合物中的D为OH时,所述试剂(IV)为含氮碱性有机试剂与具有碳二亚胺结构的化合物组成的混合试剂(前者与后者的摩尔比为1:(1-5)),且式(II)的化合物、通式(III)的化合物与试剂(IV)的摩尔比为(II):(III):(IV)=1:(1-12.0):(1-15.0)(其中试剂(IV)的物质的量以含氮碱性有机 试剂计)。
步骤B:
当通式(Ia)的化合物中的W’为NR1’R2’·B或
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000011
且R1’、R2’各自独立地为烷基(特别是C1-6烷基如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基或异丁基)、环烷基(特别是C3-6环烷基如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基)或苄基时,可将通式(Ia)的化合物在有机溶剂中溶解,然后用酸A将酸A的盐的饱和水溶液调节至pH为5以下,并用其洗涤有机层得到通式(I)的化合物。
步骤C:
当通式(Ia)的化合物中的W’为NR1’R2’·B、
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000012
COOR7、OPO(OR7)2或PO(OR7)2,且R1’为氢、烷基(特别是C1-6烷基如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基或异丁基)、环烷基(特别是C3-6环烷基如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基)或苄基,R2’为氨基保护基(特别是任选地被苯基取代的C1-6烷氧羰基例如苄氧羰基或叔丁氧羰基或苄基),R7为羧基或磷酸羟基的保护基(特别是任选地被一个或多个苯基取代的C1-6烷基,例如甲基、乙基、二苯甲基、三苯甲基或苄基)时,可采用相应的脱保护方法制得通式(Ib)的化合物(其中W”为NR1R2·B、
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000013
COOH、OPO(OH)2或PO(OH)2,并且其中B和m如发明内容部分对于通式(III)的化合物所定义)。
所述脱保护方法是指本领域中常规的脱去氨基酸保护基、羧基保护基或磷酸羟基保护基的方法。
步骤D:
当通式(Ib)的化合物中的W”为NR1R2·B或
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000014
时,可将通式(Ib)的化合物在有机溶剂中溶解,然后用酸A将酸A的盐的饱和水溶液调节至pH为5以下,并用其洗涤有机层得到通式(I)的化合物。
当通式(Ib)的化合物中的W”为COOH、OPO(OH)2或PO(OH)2时,在通式(Ib)的化合物中加入含有M离子的碱性溶液,从而制得通式(I)的化合物。
如上文中所述的有机溶剂是指可溶解通式(Ia)的化合物或式(II)的化合物的非质子有机溶剂,例如氯代烃类有机溶剂(如二氯甲烷、氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯苯)、醚类有机溶剂(如四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙醚、甲基乙基醚)、乙腈、DMF、DMSO等。
本发明的通式(III)的羧酸衍生物(即,路线1中的原料之一)可通过以下方式制备。
当D为OH且W’为NR1’R2’、NR1’R2’·B、
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000015
时,本发明的通式(III)的羧酸衍生物可采用如下所示的反应路线2来制备:
反应路线2
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000016
在上述反应路线2中,通式(IIIa)、(IIIb)和(IIIc)的化合物均属于通式(III)的化合物,其分别是通过由通式(V)的化合物与氨基的烷化剂(C1或C3)或氨基的保护试剂(C2)反应而得到,
其中,
R1’、X、Y、n、B如上文中所定义;
试剂C1为一种氨基的烷化剂,如甲酸/甲醛、硫酸二甲酯、溴乙烷、溴丙烷、氯丁烷、丙酮、丁酮、环戊酮、环己酮、苯甲醛等;
试剂C2为氨基的保护试剂,如氯甲酸苄酯、二叔丁氧羰基碳酸酐、氯化苄、溴化苄等;
试剂C3为另一种氨基的烷化剂,如1-氯-2-溴乙烷、1-氯-4-溴丁烷、1-氯-5-溴戊烷等;
R2’a为烷基或环烷基,特别是C1-6烷基如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基或异丁基,或C3-6环烷基如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基。
R2’b为氨基保护基,特别是任选地被苯基取代的C1-6烷氧羰基(如苄氧羰基或叔丁氧羰基)或苄基。
当D为OH且W’为COOR7、OPO(OR7)2或PO(OR7)2时,本发明的通式(III)的羧酸衍生物可采用如下所示的反应路线3来制备:
反应路线3
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000017
在上述反应路线3中,通式(IIId)、(IIIe)和(IIIf)的化合物均属于通式(III)的化合物,其分别是通过以下步骤得到的:分别由通式(VIa)、(VIb)和(VIc)的化合物在1-位羧基的保护试剂D1的作用下得到式(VIIa)、(VIIb)和(VIIc)的化合物,然后在末位羧基或磷酸羟基的保护试剂D2的作用下得到通式(VIIIa)、(VIIIb)和(VIIIc)的化合物,最后选择性脱去1-位羧基保护基R8,得到通式(Id)、(Ie)和(If)的化合物,
其中,
R7、X、Y、n如上文中所定义;
所述1-位羧基的保护试剂D1选自甲醇、甲硅烷基取代的甲醇、9-芴甲醇、2-碘代-2-甲基丙烷、卤化苄等;
所述末端的羧基或磷酸羟基的保护试剂D2选自碘甲烷、二苯甲腙、三苯基碘甲烷、卤化苄等;
R8为1-位羧基的保护基,如甲基、甲硅烷基取代的烷基、9-芴甲基、叔丁基、苄基等。
当通式(III)的化合物中的D为Cl或Br时,可以其中D为羟基的原料通过卤代反应得到相应的酰卤化合物。
以上反应路线中的通式(V)和(VI)(包括通式(VIa)、(VIb)和(VIc))的化合物可按照相应文献所报道的方法而获得。所述文献参见例如[1]Chencomm,1999:1739-1740;[2]J.Med.Chem,2011,44:2849-2856;[3]JCS Perkin I1980:2029-2032;[4]Journal of Fluorine Chemistry(23),1983:241-259;[5]Journal of Fluorine Chemistry,2004,vol.125(4):509–515;[6]Phosphorus,Sulfur and Silicon and the Related Elements,1995,105(1-4):205–212;[7]Tetrahedron Letters,2007,48(4):711–714;[8]Helvetica Chimica Acta,1958,1163,1167;[9]Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie,1962,655:70-80。
本发明的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物在制备全身麻醉药物中的用途
本发明的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物作为前药具有如下有益效果:
本发明在不改变丙泊酚的药理活性的前提下,将丙泊酚的酚羟基通过结构修饰形成水溶性衍生物。所述水溶性衍生物的化学性质相对稳定,其水溶液经注射后可释放出原药,产生麻醉效应。并且,令人惊讶地,本发明的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物水溶性好,可以制成合适的水溶性制剂,且其在体内极易解离成丙泊酚。由于以上优点,本发明的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物能够克服现有的丙泊酚药物制剂由于需采用乳剂给药而导致物理稳定性差、由于较大的油滴尺寸可能导致血管栓塞、注射引起疼痛、在用药前仅能与少数可注射产品选择性混合、乳剂易于滋生细菌、易引起心脏方面毒副作用等缺点,并且其的人体顺应性好且易于存贮。经药效学和药代动力学试验证明,本发明的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物的体内毒性很低,非常适合开发成新的麻醉药。
实施例
为了使本发明的目的和技术方案更加清楚,下面对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。要说明的是:以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步的说明,而不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容做出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。
A.本发明的通式(III)的羧酸衍生物的制备
实施例1
4-N,N-二甲氨基-2-(R)-氟代丁酸盐酸盐的制备
于圆底烧瓶中加入4-氨基-2-(R)-氟代丁酸盐酸盐(1.1g,7.0mmol),用饱和Na2CO3水溶液调节pH值至8,再加入88%的甲酸(6ml)和35%的甲醛水溶液(5ml),缓慢升温到80℃,反应15小时,冷却至室温,加入6N盐酸2ml,然后减压浓缩,得到浅黄色固体。加入10ml甲醇加以溶解,将其置于冰浴中搅拌30min,过滤,将滤液浓缩,将残余物用6N的盐酸(100ml)回流4小时,通过旋转蒸发除去液体,所得固体经乙腈处理,得到白色固体1.1g,收率85%。
m.p.:136-138℃;
1H-NMR(400MHz,D2O):δ4.72(ddd,1H),2.90(dtd,2H),2.43(s,6H),1.93(m,2H);
13C-NMR(600MHz,D2O):δ173.13,86.90,53.49,42.83,26.91;
ESI-MS m/z[M+H]+150.13。
实施例2
4-N-异丙基氨基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸盐酸盐的制备
于50ml圆底烧瓶中加入4-氨基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸盐酸盐(1.1g,7.0mmol),用饱和Na2CO3水溶液调节pH值至8,加入丙酮(15ml)和5%Pd-C(100mg),用氮气置换空气后再用氢气置换氮气,在室温下反应6小时,过滤除去Pd-C,用6N盐酸调节溶液pH至酸性,减压浓缩,得到浅黄色固体。加入10ml甲醇加以溶解,将其置于冰浴中搅拌30min,过滤,将滤液浓缩,将残余物用6N的盐酸(100ml)回流4小时,通过旋转蒸发除去溶 剂,所得固体经乙腈处理,得到白色固体1.05g,收率75%。
ESI-MS m/z[M+H]+164.12。
实施例3
4-N,N-二乙氨基-2-(R,S)-三氟甲基丁酸盐酸盐的制备
于50ml圆底烧瓶中加入4-氨基-2-(R,S)-三氟甲基丁酸盐酸盐(2.07g,10mmol),用1N NaHCO3水溶液调节pH值至8,加入乙腈50ml,滴加溴乙烷(2.18g,20mmol)与乙腈的混合溶液(10ml),用碳酸氢钠溶液维持反应液pH 7-8,在反应结束后,加盐酸调节pH至5以下,减压浓缩,得到浅黄色固体。加入10ml甲醇,搅拌30min,过滤,将滤液浓缩,将残余物用6N盐酸(100ml)回流4小时,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,得到白色固体,收率13%。
ESI-MS m/z[M+H]+228.16。
实施例4
4-N-苄基氨基-2,2-二氟代丁酸盐酸盐的制备
以4-氨基-2,2-二氟代丁酸盐酸盐(1.1g,5.6mmol)和苯甲醛为原料,按照实施例2中所述的方法制备标题化合物,收率73%。
ESI-MS m/z[M+H]+230.06。
实施例5
4-N-异丁基氨基-2-(R,S)-二氟甲基丁酸盐酸盐的制备
以4-氨基-2(R,S)-二氟甲基丁酸盐酸盐(1.90g,10mmol)和丁酮(15ml)为原料,按照实施例2中所述的方法制备标题化合物,得到白色固体1.1g,收率45%。
m.p.:141-142℃;
ESI-MS m/z[M+H]+210.1。
实施例6
4-N-(氮杂环丙-1-基)-2-(R,S)-二氟甲基丁酸盐酸盐的制备
于50ml圆底烧瓶中加入4-氨基-2-(R,S)-二氟甲基丁酸盐酸盐(1.90g,10mmol),用NaHCO3水溶液调节pH至7-8,加入乙腈15ml及1-氯-2-溴乙烷(10mmol),在常温下反应0.5h,加热回流反应2h,通过减压蒸发除去溶剂,在残余物中加入10ml甲醇,将其置于冰浴中搅拌30min,过滤, 将滤液浓缩,将残余物用6N的盐酸(100ml)回流4小时,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,得到白色固体0.7g。
ESI-MS m/z[M+H]+180.14。
实施例7
4-N-(四氢吡咯-1-基)-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸盐酸盐的制备
以4-氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丁酸和1-氯-4-溴丁烷为原料,按照实施例6中所述的方法制备标题化合物。
ESI-MS m/z[M+H]+176.1。
实施例8
3-N-苄基氨基-2(R,S)-(1,1-二氟甲基)丙酸盐酸盐的制备
以3-氨基-2(R,S)-(1,1-二氟甲基)丙酸盐酸盐和苯甲醛为原料,按照实施例2中所述的方法制备标题化合物。
ESI-MS m/z[M+H]+230.19。
实施例9
6-N-环己基氨基-2-(R,S)-三氟甲基己酸盐酸盐的制备
以6-氨基-2-(R,S)-三氟甲基己酸盐酸盐和环己酮为原料,按照实施例2中所述的方法制备标题化合物。
ESI-MS m/z[M+H]+282.08。
实施例10
4-苄氧基-4-氧代-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸的制备
室温下,将2-(R,S)-氟代丁二酸(10mmol)溶于溶于甲醇(30ml)中,搅拌2h,通过减压蒸发除去溶剂,得到2-(R,S)-氟代丁二酸-1-甲酯。
ESI-MS m/z[M-H]-149.01。
室温下,将2-(R,S)-氟代丁二酸-1-甲酯(5mmol)溶于干燥的二氯甲烷(20ml)中,加入二氯亚砜(0.3ml),缓慢加热至回流,反应3小时,通过减压蒸发除去剩余的二氯亚砜和溶剂,得到氟代丁酰氯。
冰浴条件下,将氟代丁酰氯(4mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液(5ml)滴加到苄醇(4mmol)与吡啶(5mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液(10ml)中,在冰浴下反应1h,用pH 3的盐酸水溶液洗涤有机层,将有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,通过减压蒸发除去溶剂,得到4-苄氧基-4-氧代-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸甲酯。
ESI-MS m/z[M﹢H]241.18。
冰浴条件下,将4-苄氧基-4-氧代-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸甲酯(7mmol)溶于甲醇(10ml)中,加入1N的NaOH溶液(1ml),在冰浴下反应1h,通过减压蒸发除去甲醇,加入水(10ml),用1N的盐酸中和反应至pH为1以下,将水层用乙醚萃取,合并乙醚层,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,通过减压蒸发除去溶剂,得到4-苄氧基-4-氧代-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸,收率40%。
ESI-MS m/z[M-H]-225.18。
实施例11
5-苄氧基-5-氧代-2-(R)-氟代戊二酸的制备
以2-(R)-氟代戊二酸为原料,按照实施例10中所述的方法制备标题化合物。
ESI-MS m/z[M-H]-239.19。
实施例12
6-苄氧基-6-氧代-2-(S)-氟代己酸的制备
以2-(S)-氟代己二酸为原料,按照实施例10中所述的方法制备标题化合物。
ESI-MS m/z[M-H]-253.17
实施例13
二苄基[1-(3-(R,S)-氟-3-羧基)丙基]磷酸三酯的制备
室温下,将[1-(3-(R,S)-氟-3-羧基)丙基]磷酸单酯(10mmol)溶于甲醇(10ml)中,搅拌1h,通过减压蒸发除去甲醇,得到[1-(3-(R,S)-氟-4-氧代-4-甲氧基)丁基]磷酸单酯。
ESI-MS m/z[M-H]-215.07。
室温下,将[1-(3-(R,S)-氟-4-氧代-4-甲氧基)丁基]磷酸单酯(7mmol)溶于干燥的乙腈(20ml)中,加入无水碳酸钾(17mmol)和溴化苄(17mmol),缓慢加热至回流,经TCL监测反应完全,冷却,过滤,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,将残余物用柱色谱法纯化(EA:PE=1:3),得到二苄基[1-(3-(R,S)-氟-4-氧代-4-甲氧基)丁基]磷酸三酯。
ESI-MS m/z[M﹢H]397.08。
冰浴下,将二苄基[1-(3-(R,S)-氟-4-氧代-4-甲氧基)丁基]磷酸三酯(10 mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(10ml)中,缓慢加入1N的NaOH溶液(1ml),在冰浴下搅拌1h,有白色固体析出,过滤,将滤饼溶于10ml水中,用浓盐酸调节pH至1以下,将水层用乙醚萃取,合并乙醚层,用无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发除去乙醚,得到产物,收率63.5%。
ESI-MS m/z[M-H]-381.29。
实施例14
二苄基[1-(5-(S)-氟-5-羧基)戊基]磷酸三酯的制备
以[1-(5-(S)-氟-5-羧基)戊基]磷酸单酯为原料,按照实施例13中所述的方法制备标题化合物。
ESI-MS m/z[M-H]-409.29
实施例15
4-(二苄氧基)磷酰基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸的制备
以4-(二羟基)磷酰基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸为原料,按照实施例13中所述的方法制备标题化合物。
ESI-MS m/z[M-H]-365.28
实施例16
5-(二苄氧基)磷酰基-2-(R)-氟代戊酸的制备
以5-(二羟基)磷酰基-2-(R)-氟代戊酸为原料,按照实施例13中所述的方法制备标题化合物。
ESI-MS m/z[M-H]-379.31。
参照上述实施例,发明人还制得了以下化合物:
4-苄氧基-4-氧代-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酰氯(ESI-MS m/z[M-H]245.01);
5-苄氧基-5-氧代-2-(R)-氟代戊酸钠(ESI-MS m/z[M-H]240.05);
二苄基[1-(3-(R,S)-氟-4-氧代-4-氯)丁基]磷酸三酯(ESI-MS m/z[M-H]401.02);
二苄基[1-(4-(S)-氟-5-羧酸钾)戊基]磷酸三酯(ESI-MS m/z[M-H]396.01);
4-(二苄氧基)磷酰基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酰氯(ESI-MS m/z[M-H]385.04);
4-N,N-二甲氨基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸钠(ESI-MS m/z[M-H]149.03);
4-N,N-二乙氨基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸钙(ESI-MS m/z[M-H]177.08);
3-N-苄基氨基-2-(R,S)-苄氧基丙酸铝(ESI-MS m/z[M-H]197.04);
4-N,N-二甲氨基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酰氯盐酸盐(ESI-MS m/z[M-H]168.01);
4-N-苄基氨基-2,2-二氟代丁酰氯盐酸盐(ESI-MS m/z[M-H]248.03);
4-N,N-二甲氨基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸(ESI-MS m/z[M-H]150.08);和
4‐N,N‐二甲氨基‐2‐(S)‐氟代丁酸盐酸盐(ESI‐MS m/z[M‐H]150.11)。
B.本发明的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物的制备
B-1.式(E)的氨基酸类丙泊酚衍生物
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000018
实施例17
丙泊酚4-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐(E1)
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000019
1)4-N,N-二甲氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丁酰氯盐酸盐的制备:将4-N,N-二甲氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丁酸盐酸盐(按实施例1方法获得)(10mmol)置于10ml二氯亚砜中,缓慢升温至40℃,反应4小时。通过减压蒸发除去二氯亚砜,加入无水二氯甲烷(DCM)15ml,搅拌后通过减压蒸发除去溶剂。在残余物中加入无水二氯甲烷60ml备用。
2),于-78℃下,向1)制备的4-N,N-二甲氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丁酰氯盐酸盐二氯甲烷溶液中,滴加丙泊酚(4.5mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液5ml。其后,缓缓加入含4-N,N-二甲基吡啶(8.2mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液20ml。经HPLC检测 反应进程,待反应完全后,用pH约1.0的盐酸水溶液洗涤DCM层,用无水硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤,通过旋转蒸发除去大部分DCM,缓缓滴入乙醚至大量固体析出,冷冻析晶,过滤并干燥后得白色固体,收率83%。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ1.22(9H,d,Me),2.10(3H,m,Me),2.88(6H,m,NMe),3.32(2H,m,CH2),5.43(1H,m,F-CH),7.21(3H,m,Ph);
ESI-MS[M+H]+310.1。
实施例18
丙泊酚4-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2-(R)-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐(E2)
在-10℃下,以4-N,N-二甲氨基-2(R)-氟代丁酸盐酸盐(10mmol)、异丙酚(4.5mmol)和DMAP(10mmol)为原料,按照实施例17中所述的方法制备E2,收率87%,纯度99.4%。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ1.22(9H,d,Me),2.10(3H,m,Me),2.88(6H,m,NMe),3.32(2H,m,CH2),5.43(1H,m,F-CH),7.21(3H,m,Ph);
ESI-MS[M+H]+310.1。
实施例19
丙泊酚3-N-异丙基氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丙酸酯盐酸盐(E19)
1)3-N-异丙基氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丙酸的制备:将3-N-异丙基氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丙酸盐酸盐1.0g,溶于1N NaOH的溶液40ml中,加入四氢呋喃(THF)20ml,于室温下滴加氯甲酸苄酯(Cbz-Cl)4.5g,约半小时滴完,反应时用1N NaOH调节反应液pH为8-9,室温反应4小时,减压挥去THF,水层用乙酸乙酯(15ml*3)萃取,水层再用盐酸调节pH为3,用乙醚(20*3)萃取,合并乙醚层,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压得到3-N-Cbz-N-异丙基氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丙酸1.5g。
2)将丙泊酚(2.8mmol)溶于1.5ml吡啶中,在冰浴冷却下滴加l0ml含3-N-Cbz-N-异丙基氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丙酰氯(以3-N-Cbz-N-异丙基氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丙酸为原料,按照实施例17.1)的方法制得)5mmol的二氯甲烷溶液。滴加完毕后,在室温搅拌下反应l小时以上。在反应结束后,加入HCl溶液至pH为3左右。水洗至中性,用无水硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,通过柱色谱法(硅胶:200-300目)纯化,通过减压蒸发除去溶剂,得到油状物0.86g,收率69%。
3)丙泊酚3-N-异丙基氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丙酸酯盐酸盐:将2g丙泊酚3-N-Cbz-N-异丙基氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丙酸酯(4.5mmol)溶于l0ml乙酸中,加入0.5g l0%钯炭,室温下通入氢气3h。在反应结束后,加水5ml,过滤,冰浴下向滤液中加入固体NaHCO3至无气泡产生,用乙醚萃取(15ml×3),用无水硫酸钠干燥乙醚层,过滤,浓缩乙醚至6ml。冰浴搅拌下滴加饱和的HCl的乙醚溶液直至白色固体析出,过滤,室温减压干燥,得到白色固体0.81g,收率52%。
ESI-MS[M+H]+310.3。
B-2.式(F)的二酸类单酯类丙泊酚衍生物
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000020
实施例20
丙泊酚-2-(R)-氟代戊酸单酯钠盐(F1)
将4-苄氧基-4-氧代-2-(R,S)-氟代戊酰氯(以4-苄氧基-4-氧代-2-(R,S)-氟代戊酸为原料,按实施例17.1)制得)(7.2mmol)溶于30ml二氯甲烷中。在-20℃的冰盐浴下缓缓加入含4-N,N-二甲基吡啶(10mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液20ml。滴加丙泊酚(7mmol),维持-40℃继续搅拌。经TLC监测反应完全后倒入pH为1的盐酸水溶液25ml中,充分搅拌后分取油层,用pH为1的盐酸水溶液15ml洗涤,并用无水硫酸钠干燥后过滤。将滤液蒸干,将所得产物溶于无水四氢呋喃45ml中,在钯炭催化下氢解。在氢解完全后滤去钯炭,在冰浴下向滤液中缓缓加入叔丁醇钠(3mmol)的叔丁醇溶液15ml。有固体析出,过滤,将滤饼用少量四氢呋喃洗涤并干燥后得到白色固体,即丙泊酚-2-(R)-氟代戊酸单酯钠盐,收率48%。
ESI-MS[M-H]-309.14。
实施例21
丙泊酚-2-(R)-氟代丁酸单酯钠盐(F7)
将4-苄氧基-4-氧代-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酰氯(7.2mmol)溶于30ml二氯甲烷中,在-20℃的冰盐浴下缓缓加入含4-N,N-二甲基吡啶(10mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液20ml。滴加丙泊酚(7mmol),维持-40℃继续搅拌。经TLC监测反应完全后倒入pH为1的盐酸水溶液25ml中,充分搅拌后分取油层,用pH为1的盐酸水溶液15ml洗涤,并用无水硫酸钠干燥后过滤。将滤液蒸干,将所得产物溶于无水四氢呋喃45ml中。在钯炭催化下氢解,氢解完全后滤去钯炭,在冰浴下向滤液中缓缓加入叔丁醇钠(3mmol)的叔丁醇溶液15ml,有固体析出。过滤,将滤饼用少量四氢呋喃洗涤并干燥后得到白色固体,即丙泊酚-2-(R)-氟代丁酸单酯钠盐,收率48%。
ESI-MS[M-H]-295.11;
1H-NMR(400MHz,CHCl3)δ7.34–7.14(m,3H),5.61(ddd,J=46.9,7.2,4.6Hz,1H),3.38–3.13(m,2H),2.90(dt,J=13.6,6.8Hz,2H),1.34–1.13(m,12H).
实施例22
丙泊酚-2-(R)-氟代丙酸单酯钠盐(F8)
将3-苄氧基-3-氧代-2-(R)-氟代丙酰氯(以3-苄氧基-3-氧代-2-(R)-氟代丙酸为原料,按照实施例17.1)制得)(7.2mmol)溶于30ml二氯甲烷中。在-20℃的冰盐浴下缓缓加入含4-N,N-二甲基吡啶(10mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液20ml。滴加丙泊酚(7mmol),维持-20℃继续搅拌。经TLC监测反应完全后倒入pH为1的盐酸水溶液25ml中,充分搅拌后分取油层,用pH为1的盐酸水溶液15ml洗涤,并用无水硫酸钠干燥后过滤。将滤液蒸干,将所得产物溶于无水四氢呋喃45ml中,在钯炭催化下氢解。氢解完全后滤去钯炭,在冰浴下向滤液中缓缓加入叔丁醇钠(3mmol)的叔丁醇溶液15ml。有固体析出,过滤,将滤饼用少量四氢呋喃洗涤并干燥后得到白色固体,即丙泊酚-2-(R)-氟代丙酸单酯钠盐,收率51%。
ESI-MS[M-H]-281.09。
B-3.式G表示的有机磷酸酯类丙泊酚衍生物
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000021
实施例23
{1-[3-(2,6-二异丙基苯氧基)-3-氧代-2-(R)-氟-丙基]}磷酸单酯二钾盐(G7)
在-30℃下,以二苄基{1-[3-氯-3-氧代-2-(R)-氟-丙基]}磷酸三酯(以二苄基[1-(3-(R)-氟-3-羧基)丙基]磷酸三酯(按照实施例13制得)为原料按照实施例17.1)制得)(7mmol),异丙酚(5mmol)和DMAP(10mmol)为原料,按照实施例20中所述的方法制得二苄基{1-[3-(2,6-二异丙基苯氧基)-3-氧代-2-(R)-氟-丙基]}磷酸三酯,收率72%。
用35ml四氢呋喃溶解,在钯炭催化下氢解。经TLC检测反应完全后,滤去钯炭,冰浴下向滤液中缓缓加入叔丁醇钾(4mmol)的叔丁醇溶液15ml,有固体析出,过滤,将滤饼用少量四氢呋喃洗涤并干燥后得到白色固体,即:{1-[3-(2,6-二异丙基苯氧基)-3-氧代-2-(R)-氟-丙基]}磷酸单酯二钾盐,收率34%。
ESI-MS m/z[M-2K+H]1+347.24。
参照上述实施例制得表1中所列的E、F和G类化合物:
表1.其他E、F和G类水溶性丙泊酚衍生物
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000024
发明人在对上述丙泊酚衍生物的实验过程中发现,以上化合物在生理盐水中的溶解度均大于5mg/ml(特别是化合物E1-E8以及F7,它们的溶解度大于20mg/ml),水溶性良好。
发明人提供以下实验例来证明本发明的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物的令人惊讶且出乎预料的有益效果。
实验例1.体外血浆分解实验:
将所得的水溶性丙泊酚类系列衍生物配制成1mg/ml的生理盐水溶液。各取0.1ml溶液,分别加入到1ml兔血浆(来至活体新西兰大白兔,按常规的方法处理,肝素抗凝)或大鼠血浆(来自活体SD大鼠,按常规方法处理,肝素抗凝)中,充分混匀,置于37℃恒温水浴中并计时。在开始后不同时间点取样,并立即加入2ml乙腈。振摇,离心5分钟(15000转/分),取上清液,经HPLC检测。结果如下:
表2.E式所示的氨基酸类丙泊酚衍生物在兔或鼠血浆中的分解率
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000025
表3.式F所示的二酸类单酯类丙泊酚衍生物在兔或鼠血浆中的分解率
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000026
表4.式G所示的有机磷酸酯类丙泊酚衍生物在兔或鼠血浆中的分解率
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000027
实验例2.水溶性丙泊酚衍生物的药效学实验
2.1.实验药品与给药:
称取适量化合物(E2、F1、F7、G2),加入一定量的生理盐水,形成3mg/ml或6mg/ml的药液,超声使之溶解。用于家兔试验的供试品则根据预试验结果配制成相应浓度。取丙泊酚脂肪乳注射液(市售,10mg/ml),用生理盐水稀释成3mg/ml作为对照品。对大鼠、小鼠固定给药浓度,给药体积则根据实际情况变化。家兔给药体积为1mL/kg体重。
2.2.化合物的ED50及LD50测试:
采用序贯法测定麻醉ED50及LD50值。取健康合格的KM小鼠(雄性)、SD大鼠(雄性)和新西兰白兔。大鼠、小鼠实验给药时经尾静脉匀速注射,10秒钟注射完。家兔实验时经耳缘静脉匀速注射药物,30秒钟注射完。实验前经初步预试找出能够导致动物麻醉(或死亡)的大致剂量(给药体积),作为正式实验时的中间剂量。采用0.8的组间距,向上向下分别再设2-3个剂量组。以翻正反射消失或死亡作为药效或毒性的判断指标。正式实验时首先从中间剂量开始给药。若动物被麻醉,则降低一个剂量给药;若动物未被麻醉,则增大一个剂量给药,直到出现3-4个反复。采用序贯法aot425软件进行LD50及ED50的计算。TI的计算公式为:TI=LD50/ED50
实验结果
2.2.1.化合物的鼠LD50/ED50及TI指数测试结果。试验结果见下表5:
表5.化合物的鼠LD50/ED50及TI指数测试结果(n=10-20)
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000028
Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-000029
*数值为第一次实验数据。其他数据为验证实验数据。
结论:本发明的水溶性异丙酚衍生物对小鼠和大鼠均可以发挥麻醉作用
2.2.2.化合物的兔LD50/ED50及TI指数测试结果。试验结果见下表6:
表6.化合物的兔LD50/ED50及TI测试结果
药品名 LD50(mg/kg) ED50(mg/kg) TI指数
E2 28(23.0-34.2) 8(5.7-10.5) 3.5
F1 34.4(32.1-36.5) 12.2(10.6-14.6) 2.8
F7 36.7(33.8-39.4) 13.9(11.1-16.8) 2.6
G2 38.7(35.1-41.3) 14.7(12.6-19.1) 2.6
结论:本发明的水溶性异丙酚衍生物对兔均可以发挥麻醉作用。
2.3.化合物的小鼠催眠潜伏期及持续期测定
取昆明种小鼠,雄性,每组5只,尾静脉匀速注射受试药物,10秒钟注射完。记录小鼠翻正反射消失的时间(潜伏期)及恢复时间(持续期)。
表7.化合物的小鼠催眠潜伏期及持续期测定结果(小鼠,mg/kg,分组法n=5)
药品名 剂量(mg/kg) 潜伏期(S) 持续期(S)
E2(3mg/ml) 36(2*ED50) 14.6±0.9 383.6±242.1
E2(6mg/ml) 30(2*ED50) 14.2±1.9 543±231
F1(3mg/ml) 42(2*ED50) 18.6±0.7 349.7±229.4
F1(6mg/ml) 36(2*ED50) 15.2±1.4 523±248
F7(3mg/ml) 43(2*ED50) 20.2±0.6 335.5±218.1
F7(6mg/ml) 41(2*ED50) 16.2±2.2 517±231
G2(3mg/ml) 47(2*ED50) 16.3±0.8 383.6±242.1
G2(6mg/ml) 51(2*ED50) 15.7±2.3 571±173
Propofol(3mg/ml) 25(2*ED50) 8.4±1.1 324.8±98.9
结论:本发明的水溶性异丙酚衍生物麻醉作用起效迅速,持续时间短。
以上实验结果进一步证明了,本发明的水溶性异丙酚衍生物水溶性好,可以制成合适的水溶性制剂,且其在体内极易解离成丙泊酚,体内毒性很低,非常适合开发为丙泊酚前药。

Claims (30)

  1. 具有如下通式(I)的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物:
    Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-100001
    其中,
    X为H或F;
    Y为F或者被一个或多个F取代的烷基;
    n为1、2、3、4、5或6;
    W为W1或W2
    W1为NR1R2·A或
    Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-100002
    R1、R2各自独立地为H、任选地被苯基取代的烷基、或环烷基;
    m为0、1、2或3;
    A为药学可接受的酸;
    W2为COOM1/t或OPO3(M)2/t或PO3(M)2/t
    M为可与酸根成盐的金属离子、铵离子或碱性氨基酸阳离子;
    t为M所带的电荷数。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述水溶性丙泊酚衍生物具有如下通式(I-1):
    Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-100003
    其中,
    X、Y、n、R1、R2、A如权利要求1中所定义。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述水溶性丙泊酚衍生物具有如下通式(I-2):
    Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-100004
    其中,
    X、Y、n、m、A如权利要求1中所定义。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述水溶性丙泊酚衍生物具有如下通式(I-3):
    Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-100005
    其中,
    X、Y、n、M、t如权利要求1中所定义。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述水溶性丙泊酚衍生物具有如下通式(I-4):
    Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-100006
    其中,
    X、Y、n、M、t如权利要求1中所定义;
    q为0或1。
  6. 如权利要求1、4、5中任一项所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述金属离子为碱金属离子、碱土金属离子或三价金属离子。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述碱金属离子为锂离子、钠离子或钾离子。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述碱土金属离子为镁离子、锌离子或钙离子。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述三价金属离子为铝离子。
  10. 如权利要求1、4、5中任一项所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述铵离子为(NR3R4R5R6)+
    Figure PCTCN2015073171-appb-100007
    其中,
    R3、R4、R5、R6各自独立地为H、任选地被苯基取代的烷基、或环烷 基;
    p为0、1、2或3。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述烷基为C1-6烷基。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述C1-6烷基为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基或异丁基。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述环烷基为C3-6环烷基。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述C3-6环烷基为环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基。
  15. 如权利要求10所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:R3、R4、R5、R6各自独立地为H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、苄基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:R3、R4各自独立地为H、甲基或乙基。
  17. 如权利要求1、4、5中任一项所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述碱性氨基酸阳离子为精氨酸+H+、赖氨酸+H+或组氨酸+H+
  18. 如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述烷基为C1-6烷基。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述C1-6烷基为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基或异丁基。
  20. 如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:Y为F、CF3或CHF2
  21. 如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述环烷基为C3-6环烷基。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述C3-6环烷基为环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基。
  23. 如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:R1、R2各自独立地为H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、苄基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基。
  24. 如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:R1、R2不同时为H。
  25. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:所述药学可接受的酸为盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、碳酸、乙酸、丙酸、甲磺酸、乳酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、丁二酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、枸橼酸或苹果酸。
  26. 如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其特征在于:当X与Y不同时,同时与X和Y连接的碳原子为单一的R构型、单一的S构型,或R与S构型的混合物。
  27. 如权利要求1所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其选自:
    丙泊酚4-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚4-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2-(R)-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚3-N-异丙基氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丙酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚-2-(R,S)-氟代戊酸单酯钠盐;
    丙泊酚-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸单酯钠盐;
    丙泊酚-2-(R)-氟代丙酸单酯钠盐;
    {1-[3-(2,6-二异丙基苯氧基)-3-氧代-2-(R)-氟-丙基]}磷酸单酯二钾盐;
    丙泊酚4-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2-(R)-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚4-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2-(R)-2-三氟甲基丁酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚4-(N-甲基-N-乙基)氨基-2-(R,S)-2-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚5-(N-甲基-N-苄基)氨基-2-(S)-2-氟代戊酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚3-(N-异丙基)氨基-2-(R,S)-2-单氟甲基丙酸酯甲磺酸盐;
    丙泊酚4-(N杂环丙烷-1-基)-2-(S)-2-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚4-(四氢吡咯-1-基)-2-(R)-2-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚3-(N,N-二乙基)氨基-2-(R,S)-氟代丙酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚4-(N-甲基-N-苄基)氨基-2(R,S)-三氟甲基丁酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚4-(N-环丙基-N-甲基)氨基-2(R)-二氟甲基丁酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚3-(四氢吡咯-1-基)-2(S)-三氟甲基丙酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚δ-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2(R)-氟代戊酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚3-N-甲基-N-环己基氨基-2-(R,S)-氟代丙酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚4-(N-甲基-N-异丙基)氨基-2(R,S)-氟代丁酸酯甲磺酸盐;
    丙泊酚5-N-环戊氨基-2,2-二氟戊酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚4-(N,N-二甲基)氨基-2-(R)-三氟甲基丁酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚4-N-甲基-N-苄基氨基-2-(R)-氟代丁酸酯盐酸盐;
    丙泊酚4-羧基-2-(S)-氟代戊酸酯钾盐;
    丙泊酚4-羧基-2-(R)-2-三氟甲基戊酸酯锂盐;
    二[丙泊酚7-羧基-2-(R,S)-氟代辛酸酯]钙盐;
    二[丙泊酚5-羧基-2-(S)-氟代己酸酯]锌盐;
    三[丙泊酚8-羧基-2-(R,S)-单氟甲基壬酸酯]铝盐;
    丙泊酚4-羧基-2-(S)-三氟甲基丁酸酯铵盐;
    丙泊酚4-羧基-2-(R,S)-二氟甲基戊酸酯钾盐;
    {1-[4-(2,6-二异丙基苯氧基)-4-氧代-3-(R,S)-3-氟代-1-丁基]}磷酸单酯二钾盐;
    {1-[4-(2,6-二异丙基苯氧基)-4-氧代-3-(S)-3-氟代-1-丁基]}磷酸单酯二钠盐;
    {1-[4-(2,6-二异丙基苯氧基)-4-氧代-3-(R)-3-三氟甲基-1-丁基]}磷酸单酯二锂盐;
    丙泊酚4-磷酰基-2-(R,S)-氟代丁酸酯钙盐;
    丙泊酚5-磷酰基-2-(S)-氟代戊酸酯锌盐;
    三[丙泊酚3-磷酰基-2-(R,S)-2-单氟甲基丙酸酯]二铝盐;
    {1-[4-(2,6-二异丙基苯氧基)-4-氧代-2-(R)-三氟甲基-丁基]}磷酸单酯二锂盐;
    丙泊酚4-磷酰基-2-(R)-氟代丁酸酯二钠盐;
    丙泊酚3-磷酰基-2-(R,S)-氟代丙酸酯锌盐。
  28. 如权利要求1-27中任一项所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物,其用作静脉麻醉药物。
  29. 麻醉方法,其包括向患者静脉内给药如权利要求1-27中任一项所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物。
  30. 如权利要求1-27中任一项所述的水溶性丙泊酚衍生物在制备静脉麻醉药物中的用途。
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