WO2015118845A1 - Dispositif pour commander un dispositif de cogénération et procédé pour commander un dispositif de cogénération - Google Patents

Dispositif pour commander un dispositif de cogénération et procédé pour commander un dispositif de cogénération Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015118845A1
WO2015118845A1 PCT/JP2015/000420 JP2015000420W WO2015118845A1 WO 2015118845 A1 WO2015118845 A1 WO 2015118845A1 JP 2015000420 W JP2015000420 W JP 2015000420W WO 2015118845 A1 WO2015118845 A1 WO 2015118845A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
amount
hot water
suppression period
heat storage
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PCT/JP2015/000420
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
賢二 中北
義隆 手塚
新平 日比谷
Original Assignee
パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
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Publication of WO2015118845A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015118845A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/40—Fuel cell technologies in production processes

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a control device for a cogeneration device and a control method for the cogeneration device, and more specifically, a control device for a cogeneration device that receives a demand response signal to control the cogeneration device, and controls the cogeneration device. Regarding the method.
  • the cogeneration system generates hot water from water using the exhaust heat generated during power generation, and stores the generated hot water in a hot water storage tank. Moreover, the cogeneration apparatus can heat the hot water in the hot water storage tank using the exhaust heat. The user can use the hot water in the hot water storage tank.
  • This demand response is a demand response signal for the customer's home (Facility) to suppress the use of commercial power during the future power control period when the future power demand is predicted to be close to the power supply. Request in advance using. The consumer can acquire incentives as compensation from the electric power company according to the reduction amount of commercial power achieved during the power suppression period.
  • the hot water storage amount control of the cogeneration device has determined the target hot water storage amount based on, for example, the past consumption history of hot water, and has not considered the power generation capacity of the cogeneration device depending on the hot water storage amount.
  • the cogeneration apparatus stops generating power.
  • the cogeneration system stops generating power during the power suppression period, it is conceivable to increase the amount of commercial power used in order to secure the power supplied to the load in the same way as normal. In this case, since the usage amount of commercial power during the power suppression period is not suppressed, the consumer cannot obtain an incentive due to power suppression. Furthermore, the unit price of power during the power suppression period is generally set high. If a load is used in the same way as in normal times, it cannot contribute to power saving, and the electricity charge paid to the power company also increases.
  • the cogeneration device stops generating power during the power suppression period, it is possible that the customer spends the power suppression period while suppressing the amount of commercial power used.
  • the customer spends the power suppression period while suppressing the amount of commercial power used.
  • the consumer since the amount of commercial power used is suppressed in a state where the power generation of the cogeneration apparatus is stopped, the consumer cannot use a load with large power consumption and instantaneous power, such as an IH cooking heater. For customers, refraining from using loads causes a situation in which they cannot be used when they want to use these loads, which causes dissatisfaction.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-described reasons, and its purpose is to control a cogeneration apparatus and a cogeneration apparatus that can sufficiently secure the generated power of the cogeneration apparatus during the power suppression period by the demand response signal. It is to provide a method.
  • the present invention generates electric power, supplies the generated electric power to a load, generates hot water from water during power generation, and generates heat if the amount of heat stored in a hot water storage tank for storing the generated hot water is equal to or greater than a first predetermined amount.
  • a cogeneration apparatus that controls a cogeneration apparatus that stops the operation, an information acquisition unit that acquires information on the heat storage amount, and a supply to the load during a power suppression period that is a period during which the use of commercial power is suppressed
  • a signal receiving unit that receives a demand response signal that requests suppression of the amount of commercial power used, and a power control unit that controls a power generation operation of the cogeneration apparatus, the power control unit including the signal receiving unit
  • the demand response signal is received, the second place where the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank at the start of the power suppression period is smaller than the first predetermined amount. So that the amount, and controlling the power generation operation of the cogeneration device to the power suppression period is started.
  • the present invention generates electric power, supplies the generated electric power to a load, generates hot water from water at the time of power generation, and generates electric power when the amount of heat stored in a hot water storage tank for storing the generated hot water is equal to or greater than a first predetermined amount.
  • a control method for a cogeneration apparatus that controls a cogeneration apparatus to be stopped, wherein the information on the heat storage amount is acquired, and the commercial power supplied to the load during a power suppression period that is a period for suppressing the use of commercial power
  • a second heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank at the start of the power suppression period is smaller than the first predetermined amount.
  • the power generation operation of the cogeneration apparatus until the power suppression period is started is controlled so as to be a predetermined amount.
  • the present invention has an effect that the generated power of a cogeneration device such as a fuel cell can be sufficiently secured during a power suppression period by a demand response signal.
  • the energy management system mainly includes a distribution board 10, a stand-alone distribution board 20, a power switch 30, a measuring device 40, a power conversion device 50, a storage battery 62, a fuel cell 63, an energy management device 81, a display terminal 82, and a router 83.
  • a distribution board 10 mainly includes a distribution board 10, a stand-alone distribution board 20, a power switch 30, a measuring device 40, a power conversion device 50, a storage battery 62, a fuel cell 63, an energy management device 81, a display terminal 82, and a router 83.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an outline of the configuration of the energy management system, and a part of the configuration of FIG. 2 is omitted.
  • a broken line indicates an AC circuit
  • a one-dot chain line indicates a DC circuit
  • a solid line indicates an information transmission path.
  • the power supply system includes four types of power sources 61, storage batteries 62, fuel cells 63, and solar cells 64 as power sources for supplying power to the load.
  • the system power source 61 is a commercial power source that a commercial power supply company such as an electric power company supplies commercial power through the distribution network.
  • the storage battery 62 is composed of a lithium ion battery or the like.
  • the fuel cell 63 is a cogeneration apparatus that uses hydrogen gas generated by reforming a fuel gas containing methane or propane, and a hot water storage tank 632 is attached to the power generation unit 631 (see FIG. 2).
  • the power generation unit 631 generates power using the fuel cell unit, and further generates hot water from water using exhaust heat generated during the power generation operation.
  • the hot water storage tank 632 stores hot water generated during the power generation operation of the power generation unit 631. Furthermore, when the amount of heat stored as hot water in the hot water storage tank 632 is insufficient, the power generation unit 631 heats the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632 using exhaust heat generated during the power generation operation.
  • “generates hot water from water using exhaust heat generated during power generation operation” means “increase the amount of hot water in hot water storage tank 632 using exhaust heat generated during power generation operation” It includes both concepts of “heating the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632 using exhaust heat”.
  • the fuel cell 63 has both functions of power generation and water heating.
  • the fuel cell 63 stops power generation by the power generation unit 631 when the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 632 (determined by the amount of stored hot water and the hot water temperature) is fully stored.
  • a state in which the amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 632 is full and the hot water temperature has reached the upper limit temperature is referred to as a fully stored state in which the heat storage amount has reached the upper limit (first predetermined amount).
  • the fuel cell 63 can communicate with a remote controller 63a used for managing the operation state of the fuel cell 63.
  • the solar cell 64 generates power by sunlight.
  • the solar cell 64 is illustrated as a power source capable of reverse power flow to the system power source 61.
  • the solar cell 64 is a power source that generates power using natural energy such as wind power, hydropower, and geothermal heat. Can be substituted.
  • the storage battery 62 and the fuel cell 63 are illustrated as power supplies that do not perform reverse power flow to the system power supply 61.
  • the fuel cell 63 it is also possible to use a cogeneration device that generates power using a gas engine (gas micro turbine).
  • Distribution line L1 connected to system power supply 61 is connected to distribution board 10 (see FIG. 2).
  • the distribution board 10 has a main body breaker 11 having a primary side connected to the distribution line L1 and a plurality of branch breakers 12 for branching power on the secondary side of the main circuit breaker 11 incorporated in the casing.
  • Each branch breaker 12 supplies power to the load 70 through the branch line L2.
  • a plurality of loads 70 are collectively denoted by reference numerals, but the reference numerals 70 indicate individual loads.
  • the distribution board 10 incorporates an interconnection breaker 13 and a current sensor X3.
  • the interconnection breaker 13 is connected to the primary circuit (distribution line L1) of the main breaker 11, and is inserted between the power converter 50 and the distribution line L1.
  • the interconnection breaker 13 forms a path for supplying the power generated by the solar battery 64 to the primary circuit of the main breaker 11 and forms a path for using the power received from the system power supply 61 for charging the storage battery 62.
  • the interconnection breaker 13 is a so-called remote control breaker, and is switched on / off according to an instruction from the power conversion device 50.
  • the current sensor X3 is arranged so as to detect a current passing through the main breaker 11.
  • the current sensor X ⁇ b> 3 is arranged in the distribution line L ⁇ b> 1 so as to measure the current passing through the electrical path between the connection point with the interconnection breaker 13 and the main breaker 11.
  • the current sensor X3 is arranged so as to individually detect currents of two voltage lines (U phase and W phase) of the single phase three wires.
  • the current sensor X3 assumes a current transformer having a core as a specific configuration, but may be configured to use a coreless coil (so-called Rogowski coil) or a magnetic sensor. The same applies to the current sensors X1, X2, X4 to X7 described below, and the specific configuration of each of the current sensors X1, X2, X4 to X7 conforms to the configuration of the current sensor X3.
  • One of the plurality of branch breakers 12 built in the distribution board 10 is connected to the independent distribution board 20 through a branch line L3 corresponding to a single-phase three-wire.
  • a power source switch for selecting one of the power supplied from the branch breaker 12 connected to the branch line L3 and the power supplied from the power converter 50 and supplying it to the independent distribution board 20
  • a container 30 is inserted.
  • the power switch 30 includes an electromagnetic relay that conducts and cuts off the power supplied from the branch breaker 12 connected to the branch line L3 and the power supplied from the power conversion device 50.
  • the independent distribution board 20 supplies power to a load 80, a measuring device 40, a measuring point switching device (to be referred to as a switching device hereinafter) 90, which will be described later, and the like that require power supply even during a power failure period when power is not supplied from the system power supply 61.
  • a plurality of loads 80 are collectively indicated by a reference numeral 80, but the reference numeral 80 indicates an individual load.
  • the load 81 is an energy management device
  • the load 82 is a display terminal (notification unit)
  • the load 83 is a router.
  • the loads are referred to as an energy management device 81, a display terminal 82, and a router 83. .
  • the load 70 is referred to as a “general load”, and the load 80 is referred to as a “specific load”.
  • the specific load 80 includes an energy management device 81, a display terminal 82, and a router 83.
  • the self-supporting distribution board 20 includes a main body breaker 21 and a plurality of branch breakers 22 that branch power on the secondary side of the main circuit breaker 21 in a casing.
  • the primary side of the main breaker 21 is connected to the power switch 30 and either one of the power supplied from the branch breaker 12 connected to the branch line L3 and the power supplied from the power converter 50 is used. Is supplied.
  • Each branch breaker 22 supplies power to the specific load 80, the measuring device 40, and the switching device 90 through the branch line L4.
  • the specific load 80, the measuring device 40, and the switching device 90 can be operated by the power supplied from the distribution board 10 during the energization period in which the power is supplied from the system power supply 61.
  • the specific load 80, the measuring device 40, and the switching device 90 can be operated by the power supplied from the power conversion device 50 during a power failure period in which power is not supplied from the system power supply 61.
  • one branch breaker 22 among the plurality of branch breakers 22 is connected to the fuel cell 63 through the connection line L5.
  • the power generated by the fuel cell 63 can be supplied to the specific load 80, the measuring device 40, and the switching device 90 via the connection line L5 and the independent distribution board 20.
  • the electric power generated by the fuel cell 63 can be supplied to the distribution board 10 through the main breaker 21, the electric power can also be supplied from the fuel cell 63 to the general load 70.
  • the power converter 50 includes a storage battery 62 and a solar battery 64 connected to each other, and has a function of transferring power to and from the distribution board 10 and a function of supplying power to the independent distribution board 20. 51 (see FIG. 2). Furthermore, the power conversion device 50 includes a transformer 52 that converts the power output from the power converter 51 in two lines into three lines (see FIG. 2).
  • the power converter 51 converts the DC power generated by the solar battery 64 into AC power that can be connected to the system power supply 61. Further, the power converter 51 monitors and controls the charging current and discharging current of the storage battery 62, and converts the DC power discharged by the storage battery 62 into AC power.
  • the power converter 51 includes an interconnection terminal 55 connected to the interconnection breaker 13 and an independent output unit 56 that supplies electric power to the transformer 52. Then, the power converter 51 determines whether the system power supply 61 is energized or out of power (whether or not power can be received from the system power supply 61) using the voltage between the terminals of the interconnection terminal 55.
  • the interconnection terminal 55 is connected to the distribution line L1 via the interconnection breaker 13 so that interconnection with the system power supply 61 is possible.
  • the interconnection terminal 55 is a single-phase three-wire system, is connected to the interconnection breaker 13 through the connection line L6, and the interconnection breaker 13 is connected to the distribution line L1 that is the primary side of the main breaker 11. Connected through.
  • connection line L6 is a path for supplying AC power obtained from the generated power of the solar battery 64 or the stored power of the storage battery 62 to the main breaker 11 of the distribution board 10, or the generated power of the solar battery 64 is reversed to the distribution line L1. Used as a tidal path. Further, the connection line L6 is also used as a path for charging the storage battery 62 using electric power supplied from the system power supply 61 through the distribution line L1. The output voltage between the terminals of the interconnection terminal 55 is determined by the line voltage of the system power supply 61.
  • the power converter 51 also has a function of monitoring and controlling the power flowing backward.
  • the output of the current sensor X2 is input to the power converter 51.
  • the power converter 51 determines whether or not a reverse flow from the customer's house to the system power supply 61 is generated based on the output of the current sensor X2, and the reverse flow.
  • Current sensor X2 is arranged to individually detect currents passing through two voltage lines in a single-phase three-wire.
  • the energy management system is assumed to be used in a customer's house, but is not limited to this.
  • the energy management system of the present embodiment is not limited to a customer's house, and may be used for a facility or a building such as an office or a factory.
  • the power converter 51 uses the relationship between the phase of the current monitored by the current sensor X2 and the phase of the voltage between the terminals of the interconnection terminal 55 to determine whether a reverse power flow from the customer's house to the system power supply 61 occurs. Judging.
  • the voltage between the terminals in the interconnection terminal 55 has the same voltage and the same phase as the line voltage of the distribution line L1 electrically connected to the interconnection terminal 55. Therefore, the power converter 51 uses the voltage waveform between the terminals of the interconnection terminal 55 and the current waveform monitored by the current sensor X2, and reverses the sign of an integrated value obtained by integrating the power for one period of the voltage waveform. Determine whether there is a tidal current.
  • the power converter 51 uses the output of the current sensor X2 in the same manner as described above in order to monitor whether or not the stored power of the storage battery 62 is flowing backward without being consumed at the customer's house.
  • the self-supporting output unit 56 of the power converter 51 does not output power to the transformer 52 while the system power supply 61 is energized, and outputs power to the transformer 52 when the system power supply 61 is out of power.
  • the self-supporting output unit 56 is a single-phase two-wire system, and is connected to the primary side of the transformer 52 by two wires, and only supplies power to the transformer 52.
  • the voltage between the terminals of the self-supporting output unit 56 is kept at a constant voltage (for example, 200V).
  • a self-supporting terminal 57 is provided on the secondary side of the transformer 52, and the power output from the self-supporting terminal 57 is derived from at least one of the solar battery 64 and the storage battery 62.
  • the self-supporting terminal 57 is connected to the power switch 30 through a connection line L7 corresponding to a single-phase three-wire.
  • the power converter 51 determines whether the system power supply 61 is energized or is in a power failure using the voltage between the terminals of the interconnection terminal 55. Then, the power converter 51 controls the switching operation of the power switch 30 using the determination result of energization / power failure.
  • the power switch 30 connects the connection line L3 to the main breaker 21 of the independent distribution board 20 and connects the connection line L7 to the main breaker 21 of the independent distribution board 20 according to an instruction from the power converter 51. Switch between states. That is, the self-standing distribution board 20 is supplied with power through the distribution board 10 while power is being supplied from the system power supply 61, and is distributed from the power converter 50 during a power failure in which power from the system power supply 61 stops. Electric power is supplied without passing through the board 10.
  • the switching operation of the power switch 30 is performed by the contact signal which the power converter 51 outputs, for example, the signal form is not limited.
  • the power converter 51 transmits the determination result (power failure information) of energization / power failure to the measuring device 40. Further, the power converter 51 transmits information on the storage battery 62 (accumulated power, discharge power, device information, error information, etc.) and information on the solar cell 64 (generated power, device information, error information, etc.) to the measuring device 40. To do.
  • the communication path between the power converter 51 and the measuring device 40, the communication path between the power converter 51 and the storage battery 62, and the communication path between the power converter 51 and the solar battery 64 are, for example, in accordance with the RS485 standard. Performs serial communication conforming to specifications. It is not essential that the communication path conforms to the RS485 standard, and the communication path can also be realized by wireless communication or power line carrier communication using a wired communication path. Moreover, you may use combining these communication technologies.
  • the power conversion device 50 includes a switching instruction unit 53 that gives an instruction by a switching signal to the switching device 90.
  • the switching instruction unit 53 gives a switching signal indicating energization / power failure to the switching device 90, and this switching signal is also transmitted to the fuel cell 63 through the switching device 90.
  • this switching signal is a contact signal, for example, and the signal form is not limited.
  • the switching device 90 determines the current value monitored by the fuel cell 63 from either the current sensor X3 built in the distribution board 10 or the current sensor X5 that measures the current passing through the main breaker 21 of the independent distribution board 20. Select whether to get from. That is, the switching device 90 connects the current sensor X3 to the fuel cell 63 while the system power supply 61 is energized, and connects the current sensor X5 to the fuel cell 63 when the system power supply 61 is out of power.
  • the fuel cell 63 determines whether or not reverse power flow has occurred based on the current monitored by the current sensors X3 and X5. That is, the fuel cell 63 uses the outputs of the current sensors X3 and X5 in order to monitor whether or not the generated power of the fuel cell 63 is flowing backward without being consumed at the customer's house. Specifically, the fuel cell 63 uses the output of the current sensor X3 in order to detect a reverse power flow to the system power supply 61 when the system power supply 61 is energized. Further, the fuel cell 63 uses the output of the current sensor X5 in order to detect a reverse power flow to the connection line L7 at the time of a power failure of the system power supply 61.
  • the outputs of the current sensors X3 and X5 are input to the fuel cell 63 via the switching device 90, and the fuel cell 63 outputs all of the outputs from the fuel cell 63 based on the outputs of the current sensors X3 and X5. It is determined whether electric power is consumed at the customer's home.
  • the electric power generated by the fuel cell 63 is monitored by the current sensor X4.
  • the current sensor X4 monitors the current passing through the connection line L5 that connects the fuel cell 63 and the branch breaker 22.
  • the output of the current sensor X4 is input to the measuring device 40, and the measuring device 40 monitors the power passing through the connection line L5.
  • the fuel cell 63 communicates with the power conversion device 50 through the switching device 90. That is, a switching signal indicating energization / power failure of the system power supply 61 is also notified from the power conversion device 50 to the fuel cell 63 through the switching device 90. Therefore, the fuel cell 63 can recognize which power is supplied from the interconnection terminal 55 or the self-supporting terminal 57 of the power conversion device 50.
  • the power conversion device 50 communicates with the remote controller 54 in order to allow the user to instruct and monitor the operation.
  • a current sensor X1 is disposed on the primary distribution line L1 of the main breaker 11 in order to measure the power received from the system power supply 61.
  • a current sensor X2 is disposed between the current sensor X1 and the main breaker 11 in order to detect a reverse power flow to the system power supply 61.
  • the current sensor X2 monitors the current at a position closer to the system power supply 61 than the connection point between the main breaker 11 and the interconnection breaker 13 in the distribution line L1.
  • the current sensor X3 is arranged so as to measure the current passing through the electric path between the connection point with the interconnection breaker 13 and the main breaker 11.
  • the current sensor X4 monitors the current passing through the connection line L5 connecting the fuel cell 63 and the branch breaker 22, and the current sensor X5 measures the current passing through the main breaker 21 of the self-supporting distribution board 20. .
  • the current sensor X6 is disposed on the branch line L2 and monitors the current supplied to the general load 70.
  • the current sensor X7 is disposed on the branch line L4 and monitors the current supplied to the specific load 80.
  • current sensor X1, X4, X6, X7 is connected to measuring device 40, and measuring device 40 acquires each current value which current sensor X1, X4, X6, X7 measured regularly.
  • the measuring device 40 measures the power received from the system power supply 61 based on the current value measured by the current sensor X1, and generates power purchase information (power purchase information, power sale information).
  • the measuring device 40 measures the generated power of the fuel cell 63 based on the current value measured by the current sensor X4, and generates power generation information (fuel cell).
  • the measuring device 40 measures the power consumption of the general load 70 based on the current value measured by the current sensor X6, and generates power consumption information (general load).
  • the measuring device 40 measures the power consumption of the specific load 80 based on the current value measured by the current sensor X7, and generates power consumption information (specific load).
  • the measurement device 40 communicates with the power conversion device 50 to thereby obtain information on the storage battery 62 (accumulated power, discharge power, device information, error information, etc.) and information on the solar cell 64 (generated power, device information, error information). Etc.), power outage information indicating the result of energization / power outage determination is acquired.
  • the measuring device 40 uses the information on power trading, power consumption information (general load), power consumption information (specific load), storage battery 62 information, solar battery 64 information, power outage information, power generation information (fuel cell) as energy. Wireless transmission to the management device 81.
  • the energy management device 81 includes an information acquisition unit 81a, a signal reception unit 81b, a power control unit 81c, a load control unit 81d, a heat storage amount prediction unit 81e, a hot water usage prediction unit 81f, and a generated power prediction unit 81g. And a display data generation unit 81h (see FIG. 1).
  • the display data generation unit 81h is referred to as a data generation unit 81h.
  • the energy management device 81 corresponds to a control device for the cogeneration device.
  • the energy management device 81 includes hardware such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a computer-readable memory, and various programs (software) executed by the CPU. Each component of the energy management device 81 is realized by the CPU executing a program.
  • the energy management device 81 is configured to be capable of wireless communication with the measurement device 40.
  • the information acquisition unit 81 a is used for buying and selling power, power consumption information (general load), power consumption information (specific load), storage battery 62 information, solar battery 64 information, power failure information, power generation information (fuel). Battery) is obtained from the measuring device 40.
  • the energy management device 81 is configured to be able to wirelessly communicate with the fuel cell 63, and the information acquisition unit 81a includes information on the fuel cell 63 (amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 632 (amount of stored hot water and hot water), device information, Error information).
  • the energy management device 81 can communicate with the power converter 51 via the measurement device 40 by wirelessly communicating with the measurement device 40.
  • the electric power control part 81c controls each operation
  • the power control unit 81c supplies power to the general load 70 and the specific load 80 using the power of the system power supply 61, the storage battery 62, the fuel cell 63, and the solar battery 64. Do. In addition, the power control unit 81 c charges the storage battery 62 using the power of the system power supply 61 and the solar battery 64 when being energized. In addition, the power control unit 81 c also controls the amount of power to be reversely flowed to the system power supply 61 using the generated power of the solar battery 64 if the power is being supplied.
  • the power control unit 81 c supplies power to the specific load 80 using each power of the storage battery 62, the fuel cell 63, and the solar cell 64 if the system power supply 61 is in a power failure. Moreover, the electric power control part 81c will charge the storage battery 62 using the electric power of the solar cell 64, if it is during a power failure.
  • the energy management device 81 and the display terminal 82 are configured to be capable of wireless communication with each other.
  • the data generation unit 81h In response to a request from the display terminal 82, the data generation unit 81h generates display information for causing the display terminal 82 to display the above information, the control states of the power converter 51 and the fuel cell 63, and the like. Transmit to the terminal 82.
  • the display terminal 82 displays the received display information on the screen, and also makes a voice notification if necessary.
  • a dedicated terminal having a monitor screen and a speaker, a mobile phone, a personal computer, or the like is used.
  • the energy management device 81 is connected to a wide area network 100 such as the Internet through a router 83.
  • a server 200 managed by a power supplier or the like is also connected to the wide area network 100, and the signal receiving unit 81 b can communicate with the server 200.
  • the power supply company When the future power demand is predicted to be close to the power supply amount, the power supply company requests the customer in advance to reduce the amount of commercial power used in the future power suppression period.
  • the power suppression period is a period during which the use of commercial power is suppressed.
  • the request for suppressing the usage amount of the commercial power is made when the server 200 transmits a demand response signal (hereinafter referred to as a DR signal) to the energy management device 81 installed in each customer's house.
  • the signal receiving unit 81b is connected to the wide area network 100 such as the Internet through the router 83, and receives the DR signal.
  • the DR signal includes information on the reduction amount of commercial power at each customer's house and the power suppression period.
  • the data generation unit 81h receives the DR signal
  • the data generation unit 81h generates the DR information for requesting the suppression of the commercial power by notifying the reduction amount of the commercial power, the power suppression period, and the like, and displays the DR information on the display terminal 82.
  • the display terminal 82 displays this DR information.
  • the DR signal is transmitted on the day before the day when the power suppression period is set. When the power suppression period is afternoon, the DR signal may be transmitted in the morning of the day.
  • the amount of commercial power supplied from the system power supply 61 can be reduced by using the generated power of the fuel cell 63 as much as possible during the power suppression period.
  • the fuel cell 63 stops power generation by the power generation unit 631 when the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 632 (determined by the amount of hot water stored and the hot water temperature) is fully stored.
  • the power control unit 81c generates power of the fuel cell 63 until the power suppression period is started so that the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 632 at the start of the power suppression period becomes the minimum amount (second predetermined amount). Control the behavior.
  • This minimum amount is the minimum amount of hot water considered to be necessary for the customer's house, and is individually preset in a range (including 0) lower than the fully stored state. Since the fuel cell 63 can generate power regardless of the weather, time, etc., the power generation capacity is stable regardless of the set time of the power suppression period and the weather.
  • FIG. 3 shows a part of the information table of the fuel cell 63 stored in the power control unit 81c.
  • This information table stores information such as the amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 632, the hot water temperature, and the power generation state.
  • the power control unit 81c derives the current heat storage amount from the current hot water storage amount and hot water temperature.
  • Fig. 4 shows time-series operations by demand response.
  • the energy management apparatus 81 receives a DR signal at time t1.
  • the notification period T1 is from time t1 to time t2 on the next day when the power suppression period T2 is started.
  • the power suppression period T2 is set at times t2 to t3, and includes a grace period T21 and a suppression continuation period T22.
  • the return period T3 is set from time t3 to t4.
  • the grace period T21 is a grace period for performing commercial power suppression control at the customer's house, and it is required to complete the commercial power suppression control during the grace period T21.
  • the suppression continuation period T22 is a period during which commercial power suppression control is continued.
  • the return period T3 is a period for stopping the commercial power suppression control and restoring the amount of commercial power used.
  • the power control unit 81c compares the current heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 632 with the minimum amount.
  • the power control unit 81c stops the power generation of the fuel cell 63 if the heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the minimum amount.
  • the power control unit 81c causes the fuel cell 63 to generate power when the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632 is used and the heat storage amount falls below the minimum amount.
  • the heat storage amount at the start time t2 of the suppression period T2 is made to coincide with the minimum amount.
  • the process of matching the heat storage amount at the start time t2 to the minimum amount is the heat storage in a predetermined period before the start time t2, within a predetermined period after the start time t2, or within a predetermined period before and after the start time t2. It also includes the process of matching the amount to the minimum amount.
  • the time length of the predetermined period can be arbitrarily set, and is set to 30 minutes, for example.
  • the power control unit 81c executes power generation of the fuel cell 63, supplies power to the general load 70 and the specific load 80, and suppresses the amount of commercial power used.
  • the heat storage amount at the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2 is the minimum amount, the power generation amount that can be generated by the fuel cell 63 during the power suppression period T2 is sufficiently secured. Therefore, the power control unit 81c can suppress the commercial power over the power suppression period T2 by using the generated power of the fuel cell 63 instead of the commercial power. Note that the lower the set value for the minimum amount, the greater the amount of power that the fuel cell 63 can generate during the power suppression period T2.
  • the power control unit 81c uses the discharge power of the storage battery 62 and the generated power of the solar battery 64 in preference to the generated power of the fuel cell 63 and the commercial power during the power suppression period T2. That is, when the discharge power of the storage battery 62 and the generated power of the solar battery 64 are used during the power suppression period T2, the amount of generated power and commercial power used by the fuel cell 63 can be reduced. Therefore, the generated power of the fuel cell 63 can be used more efficiently within the power suppression period T2, and the power saving effect is enhanced by further reducing the amount of commercial power used.
  • the electric power control part 81c stops the electric power generation of the fuel cell 63, and returns the usage-amount of commercial power to the original.
  • the load control unit 81d can control each operation of the general load 70 and the specific load 80 by communicating (wireless or wired) with the general load 70 and the specific load 80.
  • the DR signal includes information (suppressed power information) regarding the upper limit value of the amount of commercial power used at each customer's house.
  • the suppressed power information includes the degree of suppression of the amount of commercial power used at each customer's home (for example, 60%), the amount of commercial power reduced at each customer's home (for example, a reduction of 10 kW), It is expressed by an upper limit value (for example, 15 kW) of the amount.
  • the load control unit 81d grasps the upper limit value (the upper limit usage amount of commercial power) of the commercial power usage during the power suppression period T2 based on the suppression power information. Then, the load control unit 81d controls the operation of the general load 70 and the specific load 80 (load operation) so that the usage amount of the commercial power during the power suppression period T2 does not exceed the upper limit usage amount. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the load control unit 81 d is configured such that the power P 0 is the upper limit usage amount P 1 of commercial power, the discharge power P 2 of the storage battery 62, the power generation power P 3 of the fuel cell 63, and the power generation of the solar battery 64. The operation of the load is controlled to be equal to or less than the sum of the power P4.
  • the power P0 is power that is supplied to the load during the power suppression period T2. That is, the load control unit 81d determines that the power P0 supplied to the load during the power suppression period T2 is the upper limit usage amount P1 of commercial power, the generated power P3 of the fuel cell 63, and other power sources that supply power to the load.
  • the operation of the load is controlled so as to be equal to or less than the sum of the supplied power.
  • the operation of the load controlled by the load controller 81d includes control of the set temperature of the air conditioning equipment, control of the air flow, lighting on / off / dimming control, control of the set temperature of the floor heating equipment, and the like.
  • the load control unit 81d controls the operation of the load, the usage amount of the commercial power during the power suppression period T2 can be suppressed below the upper limit usage amount notified by the DR signal. Further, if the system does not have a power supply for supplying power to the load other than the system power supply 61 and the fuel cell 63, the load control unit 81d has the power P0 of the commercial power upper limit usage amount P1 and the fuel cell 63. The operation of the load is controlled so as to be less than or equal to the sum of the generated power P3.
  • the power sources for supplying power to the load other than the system power source 61 and the fuel cell 63 are the storage battery 62 and the solar cell 64.
  • the power P0 is power supplied to the load during the power suppression period T2.
  • the power control unit 81c controls the power generation operation of the fuel cell 63 during the notification period T1
  • the heat storage amount at the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2 may exceed the minimum amount. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is preferable to perform the following processing.
  • the hot water usage predicting unit 81f predicts the hot water amount of the hot water storage tank 632 used by the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2. For example, the hot water usage prediction unit 81f stores the hot water usage history of the hot water storage tank 632, and the hot water storage tank 632 used by the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2 based on past hot water usage trends. Predict the amount of hot water.
  • the generated power prediction unit 81g predicts the generated power of the solar cell 64 supplied to the load by the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2. For example, the generated power prediction unit 81g acquires weather information up to the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2 from a server on the wide area network 100, and predicts the generated power of the solar cell 64 based on the weather information.
  • the heat storage amount prediction unit 81e uses the prediction result of the hot water amount prediction unit 81f and the prediction result of the generated power prediction unit 81g to determine whether or not the heat storage amount at the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2 matches the minimum amount. Judgment.
  • the heat storage amount prediction unit 81e matches the heat storage amount at time t2 with the minimum amount based on the amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 632 and the generated power of the solar battery 64 used until the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2.
  • the power generation operation of the fuel cell 63 is simulated.
  • the data generation unit 81h generates a notification signal and transmits the notification signal to the display terminal 82.
  • the notification signal includes image information and audio information that request the consumer to use the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632.
  • the data generation unit 81h corresponds to a notification signal output unit.
  • the display terminal 82 displays the image information of the notification signal on the screen and notifies the audio information, thereby urging consumers to actively use hot water. In this case, it is preferable that the remaining amount of time until the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2 is notified by the display terminal 82 of the amount of hot water to be used. And the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632 is used for floor heating, snow melting, a bath, etc., The heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 632 is lowered to the minimum amount.
  • the amount of heat stored at time t2 exceeds the minimum amount only by the power generation control of the fuel cell 63, the amount of stored heat at the start time t2 is reduced to the minimum amount by discharging hot water in the hot water storage tank 632. be able to. Therefore, it is possible to sufficiently secure the generated power of the fuel cell 63 during the power suppression period T1.
  • processing when the heat storage amount prediction unit 81e predicts that the heat storage amount at time t2 exceeds the minimum amount may be executed.
  • the power control unit 81c compares the generation cost of hot water to be discharged in order to minimize the amount of stored heat with the price (incentive) acquired when the commercial power requested by the DR signal is suppressed. .
  • Hot water production cost gas unit price (yen / m3) x gas capacity required for power generation (m3) + water unit price (yen / m3) x water volume (m3) Is calculated by
  • the power control unit 81c instructs the fuel cell 63 to discharge the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632, thereby reducing the heat storage amount at the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2.
  • This discharged hot water may be stored in a bathtub, or may be discharged to the roof, garden, road, etc. of a detached house for snow melting and snow melting prevention.
  • the hot water discharge control of the hot water storage tank 632 may be executed at this time t2 when the heat storage amount at the start time t2 of the power suppression period T2 exceeds the minimum amount.
  • the power control unit 81c uses the generated power that is possible with the amount of heat stored in the fuel cell 63 at time t2 without discharging the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632, and the commercial power Perform suppression control.
  • the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632 is automatically discharged, so that the power generated by the fuel cell 63 during the power suppression period T1 can be sufficiently secured.
  • the consideration due to the incentive is greater than the cost of producing hot water, the consideration due to the incentive can be made as large as possible.
  • the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632 is not automatically discharged, so that the cost on the customer's house side can be suppressed.
  • the electric power control unit 81c derives the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 632 from both the hot water storage amount and the hot water temperature, but the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 632 may be derived using only the hot water storage amount. In this case, the heat storage amount is proportional only to the hot water storage amount.
  • the energy management device 81 described above generates electric power, supplies the generated electric power to a load, generates hot water from water during power generation, and the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 632 that stores the generated hot water is equal to or greater than a first predetermined amount. If it becomes, it will control the fuel cell 63 (cogeneration apparatus) which stops electric power generation.
  • the energy management device 81 corresponds to a control device of the cogeneration device.
  • the energy management device 81 includes an information acquisition unit 81 a that acquires information on the amount of heat storage, a signal reception unit 81 b that receives a demand response signal, and a power control unit 81 c that controls the power generation operation of the fuel cell 63.
  • the demand response signal is a signal for requesting suppression of the usage amount of commercial power supplied to the load during the power suppression period.
  • the power suppression period is a period for suppressing the use of commercial power.
  • the energy management device 81 can reduce the amount of heat stored at the start of the power suppression period, so that it can sufficiently secure the generated power of the cogeneration device such as a fuel cell during the power suppression period based on the demand response signal. effective.
  • the power control unit 81c execute the power generation operation of the fuel cell 63 during the power suppression period.
  • the energy management device 81 can sufficiently secure the generated power of the fuel cell 63 during the power suppression period.
  • the demand response signal includes information on the upper limit value of the amount of commercial power used in the power suppression period.
  • the energy management device 81 preferably includes a load control unit 81d.
  • the load control unit 81d is configured such that the power supplied to the load during the power suppression period depends on the generated power of the fuel cell 63, the upper limit value of the usage amount of commercial power, and another power source that supplies power to the load during the power suppression period.
  • the operation of the load is controlled so as to be equal to or less than the sum of the supplied power.
  • the energy management device 81 can suppress the usage amount of the commercial power during the power suppression period to be equal to or less than the upper limit usage amount included in the demand response signal by the load control unit 81d controlling the operation of the load. it can.
  • the energy management apparatus 81 includes a heat storage amount prediction unit 81e and a data generation unit 81h (notification signal output unit).
  • the heat storage amount prediction unit 81e predicts the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period.
  • the data generation unit 81h generates a notification signal requesting that the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632 be used. Output.
  • the notification signal is a signal requesting the consumer to use the hot water in the hot water storage tank.
  • the energy management device 81 can request the consumer to use the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632.
  • the energy management device 81 includes a heat storage amount prediction unit 81e that predicts the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period.
  • the power control unit 81c compares the generation cost with the consideration, and the consideration exceeds the generation cost.
  • the fuel cell 63 is instructed to discharge hot water from the hot water storage tank 632.
  • the generation cost is the generation cost of hot water discharged to make the heat storage amount the second predetermined amount.
  • the value is the value acquired when the commercial power requested by the demand response signal is suppressed.
  • the energy management device 81 automatically discharges the hot water in the hot water storage tank 632 when the price is higher than the hot water generation cost, so that it is possible to sufficiently secure the generated power of the fuel cell 63 during the power suppression period. it can.
  • the energy management device 81 includes a hot water usage amount prediction unit 81f that predicts the hot water amount of the hot water storage tank 632 used before the start of the power suppression period.
  • the heat storage amount prediction unit 81e determines whether or not the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period matches the second predetermined amount using the prediction result of the hot water usage prediction unit 81f.
  • the energy management device 81 can determine whether or not the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period matches the second predetermined value based on the prediction result of the prediction result of the hot water usage prediction unit 81f. it can.
  • the energy management device 81 includes a generated power prediction unit 81g that predicts the generated power of the solar cell 64 that supplies power to the load during the period until the power suppression period starts.
  • the heat storage amount prediction unit 81e uses the prediction result of the hot water amount prediction unit 81f and the prediction result of the generated power prediction unit 81g to determine whether or not the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period matches the second predetermined amount. to decide.
  • the energy management device 81 determines whether or not the heat storage amount at the start of the power suppression period matches the second predetermined value based on the prediction result of the hot water usage prediction unit 81f and the prediction result of the generated power prediction unit 81g. Can be determined.
  • the above-described control method of the fuel cell 63 includes a hot water storage tank 632 that generates electric power, supplies the generated electric power to a load, generates hot water from water during power generation, and stores the generated hot water.
  • the fuel cell 63 that stops power generation is controlled.
  • the information of heat storage amount is acquired and the demand response signal which requests
  • the power suppression period is a period for suppressing the use of commercial power.
  • this control method further includes the load control unit 81d, the heat storage amount prediction unit 81e, the data generation unit 81h (notification signal output unit), the hot water usage prediction unit 81f, and the generated power prediction unit 81g described in the embodiment.
  • a method using an operation may be used.
  • the amount of heat stored at the start of the power suppression period can be reduced, so that there is an effect that the generated power of the cogeneration device such as a fuel cell can be sufficiently secured during the power suppression period by the demand response signal.
  • the program of this embodiment generates electric power, supplies the generated electric power to a load, generates hot water from water at the time of power generation, and the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank for storing the generated hot water exceeds a first predetermined amount. If it becomes, it is a program which makes the computer control the fuel apparatus 63 which stops electric power generation.
  • the program causes the computer to acquire information on the amount of stored heat and to receive a demand response signal requesting suppression of the amount of commercial power supplied to the load during the power suppression period.
  • the power suppression period is a period for suppressing the use of commercial power.
  • the program causes the computer to set the power suppression period so that the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 632 at the start of the power suppression period becomes a second predetermined amount smaller than the first predetermined amount.
  • the power generation operation of the fuel cell 63 until the start is controlled.
  • the fuel device 63 corresponds to the cogeneration device of the present invention.
  • the program of the present embodiment further includes the load control unit 81d, the heat storage amount prediction unit 81e, the data generation unit 81h (notification signal output unit), the hot water usage prediction unit 81f, and the generated power prediction unit 81g described in the embodiment. It may be a program for causing a computer to realize each function.
  • the amount of heat stored at the start of the power suppression period can be reduced, so that the power generated by the cogeneration device such as a fuel cell can be sufficiently secured during the power suppression period by the demand response signal.
  • the above-described program may be provided in a state stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or may be provided through an electric communication line such as the Internet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif pour commander un dispositif de cogénération, grâce auquel l'énergie électrique générée par le dispositif de cogénération peut être suffisamment garantie dans une période de suppression d'énergie électrique selon un signal de réponse de demande. Dans un dispositif de gestion d'énergie (81) qui est un dispositif pour commander un dispositif de cogénération, si une unité réceptrice de signal (81b) reçoit un signal de réponse de demande, une unité de commande d'énergie électrique (81c) commande la génération d'énergie électrique d'une pile à combustible (63) jusqu'au début d'une période de suppression d'énergie électrique, pour que la quantité de chaleur stockée dans un réservoir de stockage d'eau chaude (632) au début de la période de suppression d'énergie électrique atteigne une quantité minimum.
PCT/JP2015/000420 2014-02-07 2015-01-30 Dispositif pour commander un dispositif de cogénération et procédé pour commander un dispositif de cogénération WO2015118845A1 (fr)

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JP2019092275A (ja) * 2017-11-14 2019-06-13 株式会社日立製作所 電力管理システム
JP7149812B2 (ja) * 2018-11-07 2022-10-07 株式会社Ｎｔｔドコモ 電力制御回路、電力制御システム、及び、電力制御方法
JP2020137382A (ja) * 2019-02-26 2020-08-31 株式会社Ｗａｖｅ Ｅｎｅｒｇｙ 増設型の自家消費システム、発電装置、及び、増設型の高圧分岐盤
JP7181127B2 (ja) * 2019-03-04 2022-11-30 東京瓦斯株式会社 ヒートポンプシステム
JP2021100326A (ja) * 2019-12-20 2021-07-01 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 電力制御ユニット、及び分電盤システム
JP7511514B2 (ja) 2021-03-25 2024-07-05 大阪瓦斯株式会社 燃料電池制御システム
WO2023042642A1 (fr) * 2021-09-16 2023-03-23 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Procédé de commande de ressources énergétiques, dispositif de commande et programme

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